1
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Tait T, Salehian M, Aroniada M, Shier AP, Elkes R, Robertson J, Markl D. Empirical Model Variability: Developing a new global optimisation approach to populate compression and compaction mixture rules. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124475. [PMID: 39019299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
This study systematically evaluated the predictive accuracy of common empirical models for pharmaceutical powder compaction. A dataset of nine placebo and twelve active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) loaded blend formulations (four APIs at three drug loadings) was fitted to the widely used empirical tablet compression (Gurnham, Heckel, and Kawakita) and compaction (Ryshkewitch-Duckworth and Leuenberger) models. At low API loadings (<20w/w%), all models achieved R2 above 90 % and RRMSE (relative root mean squared error) below 0.1. However, as API loads increased, overall model performance decreased, notably in the Heckel model. A parameter variability analysis identified multiple parameter pairs achieving acceptable fits. Consequently, a novel global optimization approach was developed populating arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic mixture rules for empirical tuning parameters. This method outperformed the traditional line of best fit approach. A cross validation study revealed that this method is capable of predicting tuning parameters which achieve an acceptable Goodness of Fit for new blends. Finally, with the restriction of maintaining consistent parameters for the placebo blend, the proposed method could substantially reduce the experimental requirements and API consumption for the exploration of new blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Tait
- Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Mohammad Salehian
- Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | | | | | - John Robertson
- Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Daniel Markl
- Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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2
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Polak P, Sinka IC, Reynolds GK, Roberts RJ. Successful Formulation Window for the design of pharmaceutical tablets with required mechanical properties. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123705. [PMID: 38110016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical tablet formulations combine the active ingredient with processing aids and functional components. This paper evaluates compressibility based predictive models for binary and ternary formulations to establish an acceptable range of tablet compression parameters that satisfy prescribed quality target criteria for tablets including minimum tablet strength and processing constraints such as maximum ejection stress and maximum compaction pressure. The concept of Successful Formulation Window (SFW) is introduced. A methodology is proposed to determine the SFW for a given formulation based on compaction simulator data collected for individual formulation components. The methodology is validated for binary and ternary mixtures and lubricated formulations. The SFW analysis was developed to support tablet formulation design to meet mechanical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Polak
- School of Engineering, University of Leicester, UK
| | - I C Sinka
- School of Engineering, University of Leicester, UK.
| | - G K Reynolds
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - R J Roberts
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
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3
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Grumann HD, Kleinebudde P. Effect of tableting temperature on tablet properties and dissolution behavior of heat sensitive formulations. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123603. [PMID: 37967689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The tableting process involves the conversion of mechanical to thermal energy. This study evaluated the influence of temperature on the tableting behavior of formulations with different compositions. The tableting machine was equipped with a thermally controlled die to mimic the heat evolution from tableting on an industrial scale. Six formulations containing binders with a comparably low glass transition temperature were examined. Besides the polymer type and concentration, the filler was varied. Paracetamol was chosen as the model active pharmaceutical ingredient. The investigation included alterations in tabletability, disintegration and dissolution. Elevated temperatures led to an enhanced tabletability. The polymer type and concentration were decisive for the extent of alterations. The variation of the filler composition played a minor role due to the high melting points of its components. The results were confirmed in disintegration and dissolution studies. A high binding capacity and a low glass transition temperature resulted in a stronger delay of disintegration. The dissolution was sustained. Increased concentrations of the binding polymer enhanced the effect. If the tableting behavior of a formulation is changed by elevated temperatures during formulation development and production, a change of the binder type or concentration should be considered to ensure a reproducible tablet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Dorothea Grumann
- Heinrich Heine University, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Universitaetsstraße 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Kleinebudde
- Heinrich Heine University, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Universitaetsstraße 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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4
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Aroniada M, Bano G, Vueva Y, Christodoulou C, Li F, Litster JD. A novel mixing rule model to predict the flowability of directly compressed pharmaceutical blends. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123475. [PMID: 37832706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, powder flowability is an essential manufacturability attribute to consider when selecting the suitable manufacturing route and formulation. The selection of the formulation is usually based on the physical and chemical properties of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) under consideration. Current industrial practice heavily relies on experimental work, which often results in significant labor and API consumption that results in higher costs. In this study we describe the development of a mixing rule to predict powder blend flowability from the flow properties of the individual components for industrial formulations manufactured via Direct Compression (DC). The mixing rule assumes that the granular solids' interactions are dominated by cohesive forces but are pragmatic to calibrate from the perspective of the typical data collated in an industrial environment. The proposed model was validated using a range of different APIs and the results show that the model can effectively predict the flowability properties of any formulation across the space of DC-relevant formulation compositions. Finally, a connection between the model and APIs properties (shape and size) was investigated via a linear correlation between the API particle properties and interparticle forces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Bano
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), 1250 S Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, PA 19426, United States
| | - Yuliya Vueva
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | | | - Feng Li
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - James D Litster
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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5
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Grumann HD, Kleinebudde P. Investigating the heat sensitivity of frequently used excipients with varying particle sizes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:1-12. [PMID: 37716476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
During tablet manufacturing an increase in the production temperature can lead to an alteration of tablet characteristics. In the present study, the influence of the initial particle size on the tableting behavior of ductile polymers upon temperature rise was investigated. Different grades of the respective materials were tableted at temperatures ranging from 22 to 70 °C. Alterations in tableting behavior were affected by the initial particle size. Smaller particle sizes led to a more pronounced decrease in yield pressure and net work of compaction during compressibility analysis. The results were confirmed in the tabletability studies. Tablets from binary mixtures with lactose containing smaller polymer particles yielded a stronger increase in tensile strength. Differences in the tensile strength increase of two grades from the same material correlated with the ratio of their median particle sizes. The alteration of compactibility profiles was also particle size dependent. The increase in solid fraction was more prominent for binary mixtures containing polymers with smaller particle sizes. However, the ratio of the median particle sizes of the compared grades showed no systematic effect. The results underline the importance of controlling the structural properties of a material carefully during formulation development and production. If a formulation responds to temperature variations, an increase in particle size might be beneficial to decrease its heat sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Dorothea Grumann
- Heinrich Heine University, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Universitaetsstraße 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Kleinebudde
- Heinrich Heine University, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Universitaetsstraße 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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6
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Verma V, Bade I, Karde V, Heng JYY. Experimental Elucidation of Templated Crystallization and Secondary Processing of Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041288. [PMID: 37111774 PMCID: PMC10142637 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystallization of peptides offers a sustainable and inexpensive alternative to the purification process. In this study, diglycine was crystallised in porous silica, showing the porous templates' positive yet discriminating effect. The diglycine induction time was reduced by five-fold and three-fold upon crystallising in the presence of silica with pore sizes of 6 nm and 10 nm, respectively. The diglycine induction time had a direct relationship with the silica pore size. The stable form (α-form) of diglycine was crystallised in the presence of porous silica, with the diglycine crystals obtained associated with the silica particles. Further, we studied the mechanical properties of diglycine tablets for their tabletability, compactability, and compressibility. The mechanical properties of the diglycine tablets were similar to those of pure MCC, even with the presence of diglycine crystals in the tablets. The diffusion studies of the tablets using the dialysis membrane presented an extended release of diglycine through the dialysis membrane, confirming that the peptide crystal can be used for oral formulation. Hence, the crystallization of peptides preserved their mechanical and pharmacological properties. More data on different peptides can help us produce oral formulation peptides faster than usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Isha Bade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vikram Karde
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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7
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Jolliffe HG, Ojo E, Mendez C, Houson I, Elkes R, Reynolds G, Kong A, Meehan E, Amado Becker F, Piccione PM, Verma S, Singaraju A, Halbert G, Robertson J. Linked experimental and modelling approaches for tablet property predictions. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122116. [PMID: 35987318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the advent of Quality-by-Design (QbD) as a philosophy to ensure the quality, safety, and efficiency of pharmaceutical production. The key pharmaceutical processing methodology of Direct Compression to produce tablets is also the focus of some research. The traditional Design-of-Experiments and purely experimental approach to achieve such quality and process development goals can have significant time and resource requirements. The present work evaluates potential for using combined modelling and experimental approach, which may reduce this burden by predicting the properties of multicomponent tablets from pure component compression and compaction model parameters. Additionally, it evaluates the use of extrapolation from binary tablet data to determine theoretical pure component model parameters for materials that cannot be compacted in the pure form. It was found that extrapolation using binary tablet data - where one known component can be compacted in pure form and the other is a challenging material which cannot be - is possible. Various mixing rules have been evaluated to assess which are suitable for multicomponent tablet property prediction, and in the present work linear averaging using pre-compression volume fractions has been found to be the most suitable for compression model parameters, while for compaction it has been found that averaging using a power law equation form produced the best agreement with experimental data. Different approaches for estimating component volume fractions have also been evaluated, and using estimations based on theoretical relative rates of compression of the pure components has been found to perform slightly better than using constant volume fractions (that assume a fully compressed mixture). The approach presented in this work (extrapolation of, where necessary, binary tablet data combined with mixing rules using volume fractions) provides a framework and path for predictions for multicomponent tablets without the need for any additional fitting based on the multicomponent formulation composition. It allows the knowledge space of the tablet to be rapidly evaluated, and key regions of interest to be identified for follow-up, targeted experiments that that could lead to an establishment of a design and control space and forgo a laborious initial Design-of-Experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru G Jolliffe
- EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Ebenezer Ojo
- EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Carlota Mendez
- EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Ian Houson
- EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Richard Elkes
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Park Road, Ware, Herts SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Gavin Reynolds
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Angela Kong
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 0634, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Meehan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Felipe Amado Becker
- Pharmaceutical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Piccione
- Pharmaceutical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sudhir Verma
- Drug Product Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 35 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Aditya Singaraju
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
| | - Gavin Halbert
- EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - John Robertson
- EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
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8
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Wünsch I, Henrik Finke J, John E, Juhnke M, Kwade A. Influence of the drug deformation behaviour on the predictability of compressibility and compactibility of binary mixtures. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122117. [PMID: 35985527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Various studies investigate the predictability of the compressibility and compactibility of tablet formulations based on the behaviour of the pure materials. However, these studies are limited to a few materials so far probably because of the complexity of the powder compaction process. One approach preventing the excessive increase in complexity is the extension of the investigations from pure materials to binary powder mixtures. The focus of this study is on the predictability of the compressibility and compactibility of binary mixtures consisting of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the excipient microcrystalline cellulose. Three APIs with markedly different deformation behaviour were used. The API concentration and type are systematically varied. For all three material combinations it is found that the in-die compressibility of the binary mixtures can be precisely predicted based on the characteristic compression parameters of the raw materials using the extended in-die compression function in combination with a volume-based linear mixing rule. Since the tablet porosity (out-of-die) also follows a linear mixing rule, the predictability can be further extended using the method of Katz et al. In contrast, the influence of the API concentration on compactibility or rather on tablet tensile strength is non-linear and strongly dependent on the deformation behaviour of the API, making the predictability more difficult. Neither the approach of Reynolds et al. nor this of Kuentz and Leuenberger are able to predict the compactibility when clear deviations from a linear mixing rule appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Wünsch
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Particle Technology, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Henrik Finke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Particle Technology, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Arno Kwade
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Particle Technology, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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9
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Svačinová P, Macho O, Jarolímová Ž, Kuentz M, Gabrišová Ľ, Šklubalová Z. Evaluation of gravitational consolidation of binary powder mixtures by modified Heckel equation. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Paul S, Wang C, Calvin Sun C. An extended macroindentation method for determining the hardness of poorly compressible materials. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122054. [PMID: 35902058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Indentation hardness, H, is an important mechanical property that quantifies the resistance to deformation by a material. For pharmaceutical powders, H can be determined using a macroindentation method, provided they can form intact tablets suitable for testing. This work demonstrates a method for determining the hardness of problematic materials that cannot form suitable tablets for macroindentation. The method entails predicting the hardness of a given powder at zero porosity (H0) from those of microcrystalline cellulose and its binary mixture with the test compound using a power law mixing rule based on weight fraction. This method was found suitable for 13 binary mixtures. In addition, the H0 values derived by this method could capture changes due to different particle sizes of sucrose and sodium chloride. Furthermore, the derived H0 reasonably agreed with the single crystal indentation hardness of a set of 16 crystals when accounting for the effect of indentation condition and structural anisotropy. The mixture method thus extends the use of macroindentation for predicting indentation hardness of powders that cannot form intact tablets and, hence, their plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Paul
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455.
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11
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12
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Application of modified SeDeM expert diagram system for selection of direct compression excipient for liquisolid formulation of Neusilin® US2. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Wang LG, Omar C, Litster JD, Li J, Mitchell N, Bellinghausen S, Barrasso D, Salman A, Slade D. Tableting model assessment of porosity and tensile strength using a continuous wet granulation route. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120934. [PMID: 34310957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the most widely used tablet compaction models in a continuous wet granulation tableting process. The porosity models, tensile strength models and lubricant models are reviewed from the literature and classified based on their formulations i.e. empirical or theoretical and applications, i.e. batch or continuous. The majority of these models are empirical and were initially developed for batch tabletting process. To ascertain their effectiveness and serviceability in the continuous tableting process, a continuous powder processing line of Diamond Pilot Plant (DiPP) installed at The University of Sheffield was used to provide the quantitative data for tablet model assessment. Magnesium stearate (MgSt) is used as a lubricant to investigate its influence on the tensile strength. Whilst satisfactory predictions from the tablet models can be produced, a compromise between the model fidelity and model simplicity needs to be made for a suitable model selection. The Sonnergaard model outperforms amongst the porosity models whilst the Reynolds model produces the best goodness of fitting for two parameters fitting porosity models. An improved tensile strength model is proposed to consider the influence of powder size and porosity in the continuous tableting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ge Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK; Siemens Process Systems Engineering, Hammersmith, London, UK
| | - Chalak Omar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - James D Litster
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK.
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Siemens Process Systems Engineering, Parsippany, NJ Office, USA
| | - Niall Mitchell
- Siemens Process Systems Engineering, Hammersmith, London, UK
| | | | - Dana Barrasso
- Siemens Process Systems Engineering, Parsippany, NJ Office, USA
| | - Agba Salman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - David Slade
- Siemens Process Systems Engineering, Hammersmith, London, UK
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14
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Thomas S, Palahnuk H, Amini H, Akseli I. Data-smart machine learning methods for predicting composition-dependent Young's modulus of pharmaceutical compacts. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120049. [PMID: 33171260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to predict mechanical properties of compacted powder blends of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) and excipients solely from component properties can reduce the amount of 'trial-and-error' involved in formulation design. Machine Learning (ML) can reduce model development time and effort with the imperative of adequate historical data. This work describes the utility of linear and nonlinear ML models for predicting Young's modulus (YM) of directly compressed blends of known excipients and unknown API mixed at arbitrary compositions given only the true density of the API. The models were trained with data from compacts of three BCS Class I APIs and two excipients blended at four drug loadings, three excipient compositions, and compacted to five nominal solid fractions. The prediction accuracy of the models was measured using three cross-validation (CV) schemes. Finally, we demonstrate an application of the model to enable Quality-by-Design in formulation design. Limitations of the models and future work have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Thomas
- Engineering Technologies, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Ave., Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Hannah Palahnuk
- The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Rd., Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
| | - Hossein Amini
- Engineering Technologies, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Ave., Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Ilgaz Akseli
- Engineering Technologies, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Ave., Summit, NJ 07901, USA
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15
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Verma V, Ryan KM, Padrela L. Pharmaceutical nanoparticle isolation using CO 2-assisted dynamic bed coating. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120032. [PMID: 33171263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Poor solubility of new chemical entities (NCEs) is a major bottleneck in the pharmaceutical industry which typically leads to poor drug bioavailability and efficacy. Nanotechnologies offer an interesting route to improve the apparent solubility and dissolution rate of pharmaceutical drugs, and processes such as nano-spray drying and supercritical CO2-assisted spray drying (SASD) provide a route to engineer and produce solid drug nanoparticles. However, dried nanoparticles often show poor rheological properties (e.g. flowability, tabletability) and their isolation using these methods is typically inefficient and leads to poor collection yields. The work presented herein demonstrates a novel production and isolation method for drug nanoparticles using a 'top spray dynamic bed coating' process, which uses CO2 spray as the fluidizing gas. Nanoparticles of three BCS class II Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), namely carbamazepine (CBZ), ketoprofen (KET) and risperidone (RIS), were produced and successfully coated onto micron-sized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) particles. The size distribution of the API nanoparticles was in the range of 90-490 nm. The stable forms of CBZ (form III), KET (form I), and the metastable form of RIS (form B) were produced and coated onto MCC carrier microparticles. All the isolated solids presented optimal rheological properties along with a 2-6 fold improvement in the dissolution rate of the corresponding APIs. Hence, the 'top spray dynamic bed coater' developed in this work demonstrates to be an efficient approach to produce and coat API nanoparticles onto carrier particles with optimal rheological properties and improved dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Luis Padrela
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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16
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A compression behavior classification system of pharmaceutical powders for accelerating direct compression tablet formulation design. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118742. [PMID: 31648016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a compression behavior classification system (CBCS) for direct compression (DC) pharmaceutical powders is presented. Seven descriptors from a series of compression models for powder compressibility, compactibility and tabletability analysis were included in the CBCS. A new tabletability index d was proposed to differentiate three categories of tensile strength (TS) vs. pressure relationships, and its physical meaning was explained thoroughly. 130 materials containing diverse pharmaceutical excipients and natural product powders (NPPs) were fully characterized and were compiled into an in-house developed material library, in which 70 materials with potential DC applications were used to justify the effectiveness of the CBCS. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to uncover the latent structure of compression variables. Moreover, partial least squares (PLS) regression models are established in prediction of both tablet TS and solid fraction (SF) based on the raw materials' physical characteristics, the compression behavior indices and the compression force. The obtained scores and loadings are used to group the materials and the compression variables, respectively. Different categories of tabletability for DC powders were clearly clustered along two orthogonal directions pointing to the index d and the compression force. Finally, a multi-objective design space was identified under the latent variable space, summarizing the operationally possible region for both material properties and compression pressure required in DC tablet formulation design.
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Mishra SM, Rohera BD. Mechanics of tablet formation: a comparative evaluation of percolation theory with classical concepts. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:954-966. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1599913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh M. Mishra
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Bhagwan D. Rohera
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
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18
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Schaller BE, Moroney KM, Castro-Dominguez B, Cronin P, Belen-Girona J, Ruane P, Croker DM, Walker GM. Systematic development of a high dosage formulation to enable direct compression of a poorly flowing API: A case study. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:615-630. [PMID: 31158454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the transfer of oral solid dosage forms, currently manufactured via wet granulation, to a continuous direct compression process was considered. Two main challenges were addressed: (1) a poorly flowing API (Canagliflozin) and (2) high drug loading (51 wt%). A scientific approach was utilised for formulation development, targeting flow and compaction behaviour suitable for manufacturing scale. This was achieved through systematic screening of excipients to identify feasible formulations. Targeted design of experiments based on factors such as formulation mixture and processing parameters were utilised to investigate key responses for tablet properties, flow and compaction behaviour. Flow behaviour was primarily evaluated from percentage compressibility and shear cell testing on a powder flow rheometer (FT4). The compaction behaviour was studied using a compaction simulator (Gamlen). The relationships between tablet porosity, tensile strength and compaction pressure were used to evaluate tabletability, compactibility and compressibility to assess scale-up. The success of this design procedure is illustrated by scaling up from the compaction simulator to a Riva Piccola rotary tablet press, while maintaining critical quality attributes (CQAs). Compactibility was identified as a suitable scale-up relationship. The developed procedure should allow accelerated development of formulations for continuous direct compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Schaller
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Kevin M Moroney
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; MACSI, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Patrick Cronin
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jorge Belen-Girona
- Johnson & Johnson Supply Chain, Product Supply - Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, USA
| | - Patrick Ruane
- Johnson & Johnson Supply Chain, Product Supply - Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, USA
| | - Denise M Croker
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gavin M Walker
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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19
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Cui JF, Li FY, Li JY, Li JF, Zhang CW, Chen S, Sun X. Effects of magnesium hydroxide on the properties of starch/plant fiber composites with foam structure. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17405-17413. [PMID: 35519863 PMCID: PMC9064602 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01992h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, magnesium hydroxide (MH) flame-retarded starch/plant fiber composites containing various MH contents (0%, 5%, 15%, 15%) were prepared and named as TF-MH0, TF-MH5, TF-MH10, TF-MH15. Thermal degradation, flame retardancy, mechanical and microscopic characteristics were discussed. The reduction in the maximum thermal degradation rate revealed that the addition of MH provided improvement in the thermal stability of the composite. The horizontal burning test and the limiting oxygen index analysis suggested enhancement in flame retardancy with increasing MH content. Moreover, the density of composites initially decreased and then increased as the MH content increased. The tensile strength was positively correlated with the density, whereas the cushioning performance was negatively correlated with the density. Microscopic analysis showed that there was an interfacial interaction between MH and thermoplastic starch, which not only improves the thermal stability, but also promotes bubble nucleation as a nucleating agent. The cells of TF-MH10 were uniform and dense, thus TF-MH10 had the best buffering performance. Furthermore, the cell structure of TF-MH15 was short in diameter, small in number, and large in skeleton thickness; therefore, TF-MH15 had the highest tensile strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Cui
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
| | - Fang-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
| | - Chuan-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
| | - Xu Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
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20
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Modeling yield properties of compacted powder using a multi-particle finite element model with cohesive contacts. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Dependence of Friability on Tablet Mechanical Properties and a Predictive Approach for Binary Mixtures. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2901-2909. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Radojevic J, Zavaliangos A. On the Post-Compaction Evolution of Tensile Strength of Sodium Chloride-Starch Mixture Tablets. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2088-2096. [PMID: 28495565 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the evolution of mechanical behavior of starch and sodium chloride (NaCl) mixture tablets after compaction. This type of mixture has attracted attention in the past because such tablets exhibit lower tensile strengths than the ones of its individual components. Here we demonstrate that the strengths of NaCl-starch mixtures and NaCl tablets evolve after compaction in an opposite way. When stored at relative humidity of 60%, NaCl tablets strengthen with time, whereas NaCl-starch mixtures weaken. To explain this behavior, we propose that in the NaCl-starch mixture, the presence of 2 materials with significantly different elastic moduli leads to creation of tensile stresses at the stiffer NaCl-NaCl contacts. Such tensile stresses lead to a reduction in strength of the compacted mixtures by negating a local dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism, which strengthens the NaCl-NaCl in pure NaCl tablet. This effect is proven by experimental results from NaCl specimens diametrically loaded during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Radojevic
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Antonios Zavaliangos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
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23
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Schmidtke R, Schröder D, Menth J, Staab A, Braun M, Wagner KG. Prediction of solid fraction from powder mixtures based on single component compression analysis. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:366-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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25
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Juban A, Briançon S, Puel F, Hoc T, Nouguier-Lehon C. Experimental study of tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets: effect of the diluent nature and compression pressure. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Meier R, Moll KP, Krumme M, Kleinebudde P. How Deformation Behavior Controls Product Performance After Twin Screw Granulation With High Drug Loads and Crospovidone as Disintegrant. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:291-301. [PMID: 27817829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses the quantitative influence of 12 different materials (active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients as surrogate active pharmaceutical ingredients) on the critical quality attributes of twin screw granulated products and subsequently produced tablets. Prestudies demonstrated the significant influence of the chosen model materials (in combination with crospovidone) on the disintegration behavior of the resulting tablets, despite comparable tablet porosities. This study elucidates possible reasons for the varying disintegration behavior by investigating raw material, granule, and tablet properties. An answer could be found in the mechanical properties of the raw materials and the produced granules. Through compressibility studies, the materials could be classified into materials with high compressibility, which deform rather plastically under compression stress, and low compressibility, which display breakages under compression stress. In general, and apart from (pseudo)-polymorphic transformations, brittle materials featured excellent disintegration performance, even at low resulting tablet porosities <8%, whereas plastically deformable materials mostly did not reveal any disintegration. These findings must be considered in the development of simplified formulations with high drug loads, in which the active pharmaceutical ingredient predominantly defines the deformation behavior of the granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Meier
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Kleinebudde
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany.
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27
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28
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Juban A, Nouguier-Lehon C, Briancon S, Hoc T, Puel F. Predictive model for tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets based on local hardness measurements. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:438-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Shamjuddin A, Anuar MS, Tahir SM. Characteristics of Tableted Roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) with Addition of Sodium Starch Glycolate. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2014.880095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Shamjuddin
- a Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - M. S. Anuar
- a Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - S. M. Tahir
- b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
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30
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Zainuddin M, Rosnah S, Noriznan MM, Dahlan I. Effect of Moisture Content on Physical Properties of Animal Feed Pellets from Pineapple Plant Waste. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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A completely solvent-free process for the improvement of erythritol compactibility. Int J Pharm 2013; 455:132-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Effects of particle size disparity on the compaction behavior of binary mixtures of pharmaceutical powders. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Hypolipidemic applications of microcrystalline cellulose composite synthesized from different agricultural residues. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:1091-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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34
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Dave VS, Fahmy RM, Hoag SW. Investigation of the physical–mechanical properties of Eudragit®RS PO/RL PO and their mixtures with common pharmaceutical excipients. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1113-25. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.714786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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Gentis ND, Vranic BZ, Betz G. Assessing compressibility and compactibility of powder formulations with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:156-71. [PMID: 22506493 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.663388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The compressibility and compatibility of a powder formulation is usually determined by compaction and following destructive tensile strength and relative density measurement of the final compact. OBJECTIVE In this study, a non-destructive method with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was designed and evaluated for the measurement of powder compressibility and compactibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS 12 different formulations with a wide range of difference in properties were investigated by compaction and analysis of the resulting tablets. Two similar tablet batches were produced with every formulation. Relative density and tensile strength were measured with the traditional, destructive method on one tablet batch while a newly developed non-destructive chemometric NIRS method was applied for the second batch. The outcomes of the two approaches were compared to validate the developed method. All data sets were applied to three established mathematical equations to calculate equation factors, which are claimed to represent the formulation compressibility and compactibility. The study focus was set on the equation factor value comparison between the traditional and the newly designed method. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The results showed a high similarity between the outcomes of the two methods. An essential difference was noticed for the outcomes of the equation factors after application to the Leuenberger equation. CONCLUSION The approach with the NIRS is suggested as a promising tool for a reliable inline quality monitoring in the tablet manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaos D Gentis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Industrial Pharmacy Research Group, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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36
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Gentis ND, Betz G. Compressibility of Binary Powder Formulations: Investigation and Evaluation with Compaction Equations. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:777-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Kloefer B, Henschel P, Kuentz M. Validity of a power law approach to model tablet strength as a function of compaction pressure. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:467-71. [PMID: 20300893 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing quality into dosage forms should not be only based on qualitative or purely heuristic relations. A knowledge space must be generated, in which at least some mechanistic understanding is included. This is of particular interest for critical dosage form parameters like the strength of tablets. In line with this consideration, the scope of the work is to explore the validity range of a theoretically derived power law for the tensile strength of tablets. Different grades of microcrystalline cellulose and lactose, as well as mixtures thereof, were used to compress model tablets. The power law was found to hold true in a low pressure range, which agreed with theoretical expectation. This low pressure range depended on the individual material characteristics, but as a rule of thumb, the tablets having a porosity of more than about 30% or being compressed below 100 MPa were generally well explained by the tensile strength relationship. Tablets at higher densities were less adequately described by the theory that is based on large-scale heterogeneity of the relevant contact points in the compact. Tablets close to the unity density therefore require other theoretical approaches. More research is needed to understand tablet strength in a wider range of compaction pressures.
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38
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Multivariate analysis of relationships between material properties, process parameters and tablet tensile strength for α-lactose monohydrates. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 73:424-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Wu CY, Seville JP. A comparative study of compaction properties of binary and bilayer tablets. POWDER TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2008.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Akseli I, Cetinkaya C. Acoustic Testing and Characterization Techniques for Pharmaceutical Solid Dosage Forms. J Pharm Innov 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-008-9047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Wu YS, Frijlink HW, van Vliet LJ, van der Voort Maarschalk K. Pore shape in the sodium chloride matrix of tablets after the addition of starch as a second component. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70:539-43. [PMID: 18582573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present research aims to test the hypothesis that the addition of a minor component causes a change in pore shape in the matrix of the primary component, causing a decrease in mechanical strength. Tablets made of sodium chloride only and tablets made of a mixture of sodium chloride (97.5% v/v) and starch (2.5% v/v) were compared. Tablets were subjected to a heat treatment to remove the starch. The pore structure was evaluated with mercury porosimetry and image analysis on SEM images. At comparable porosities the tensile strength of the mixture tablets was significantly lower than that of the tablets made of NaCl only. Visual inspection of the images suggested a structure with less connectivity of the grains for the heat treated mixture tablets. This was confirmed by the results of the algorithm calculating the relative path length. Image analysis showed that the pore size distribution shifted towards larger pores after the addition of starch. It was thus concluded that the lower mechanical strength of the tablets made of the binary mixture was caused by the more open pore structure and more larger pores as could be detected with image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu San Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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