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Bedulho das Lages Y, Milanino N, Verin J, Willart JF, Danede F, Vincent C, Bawuah P, Zeitler JA, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. EVA implants for controlled drug delivery to the inner ear. Int J Pharm X 2024; 8:100271. [PMID: 39252691 PMCID: PMC11381462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA) copolymers as matrix formers in miniaturised implants, allowing to achieve controlled drug delivery into the inner ear. Due to the blood-cochlea barrier, it is impossible to reliably deliver a drug to this tiny and highly sensitive organ in clinical practice. To overcome this bottleneck, different EVA implants were prepared by hot melt extrusion, altering the vinyl acetate content and implant diameter. Dexamethasone was incorporated as a drug with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity. Its release was measured into artificial perilymph, and the systems were thoroughly characterised before and after exposure to the medium by optical and scanning electron microscopy, SEM-EDX analysis, DSC, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray microtomography and texture analysis. Notably, the resulting drug release rates were much higher than from silicone-based implants of similar size. Furthermore, varying the vinyl acetate content allowed for adjusting the desired release patterns effectively: With decreasing vinyl acetate content, the crystallinity of the copolymer increased, and the release rate decreased. Interestingly, the drug was homogeneously distributed as tiny crystals throughout the polymeric matrices. Upon contact with aqueous fluids, water penetrates the implants and dissolves the drug, which subsequently diffuses out of the device. Importantly, no noteworthy system swelling or shrinking was observed for up to 10 months upon exposure to the release medium, irrespective of the EVA grade. Also, the mechanical properties of the implants can be expected to allow for administration into the inner ear of a patient, being neither too flexible nor too rigid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Milanino
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Verin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J F Willart
- Univ. Lille, UMR CNRS 8207, UMET, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - F Danede
- Univ. Lille, UMR CNRS 8207, UMET, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - C Vincent
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - P Bawuah
- Univ. Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - J A Zeitler
- Univ. Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - F Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
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Yang Y, Yang Y, Hou Z, Wang T, Wu P, Shen L, Li P, Zhang K, Yang L, Sun S. Comprehensive review of materials, applications, and future innovations in biodegradable esophageal stents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1327517. [PMID: 38125305 PMCID: PMC10731276 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1327517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal stricture (ES) results from benign and malignant conditions, such as uncontrolled gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal neoplasms. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the preferred diagnostic approach for ES and its underlying causes. Stent insertion using an endoscope is a prevalent method for alleviating or treating ES. Nevertheless, the widely used self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) and self-expandable plastic stents (SEPS) can result in complications such as migration and restenosis. Furthermore, they necessitate secondary extraction in cases of benign esophageal stricture (BES), rendering them unsatisfactory for clinical requirements. Over the past 3 decades, significant attention has been devoted to biodegradable materials, including synthetic polyester polymers and magnesium-based alloys, owing to their exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability while addressing the challenges associated with recurring procedures after BES resolves. Novel esophageal stents have been developed and are undergoing experimental and clinical trials. Drug-eluting stents (DES) with drug-loading and drug-releasing capabilities are currently a research focal point, offering more efficient and precise ES treatments. Functional innovations have been investigated to optimize stent performance, including unidirectional drug-release and anti-migration features. Emerging manufacturing technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) printing and new biodegradable materials such as hydrogels have also contributed to the innovation of esophageal stents. The ultimate objective of the research and development of these materials is their clinical application in the treatment of ES and other benign conditions and the palliative treatment of malignant esophageal stricture (MES). This review aimed to offer a comprehensive overview of current biodegradable esophageal stent materials and their applications, highlight current research limitations and innovations, and offer insights into future development priorities and directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lufan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Liaoning Research Institute for Eugenic Birth and Fertility, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Research Institute for Eugenic Birth and Fertility, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Fouladian P, Kohlhagen J, Arafat M, Afinjuomo F, Workman N, Abuhelwa AY, Song Y, Garg S, Blencowe A. Three-dimensional printed 5-fluorouracil eluting polyurethane stents for the treatment of oesophageal cancers. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6625-6636. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
3D printing is introduced as rapid and facile approach to prepare personalized drug-eluting stents for the treatment of oesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris Fouladian
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group
- Clinical and Health Sciences
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Jarrod Kohlhagen
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) group
- Clinical and Health Sciences
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Mohammad Arafat
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group
- Clinical and Health Sciences
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Franklin Afinjuomo
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group
- Clinical and Health Sciences
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Nathan Workman
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) group
- Clinical and Health Sciences
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Ahmad Y. Abuhelwa
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Medicine and Public Health
- Flinders University
- Bedford Park 5042
- Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group
- Clinical and Health Sciences
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group
- Clinical and Health Sciences
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Anton Blencowe
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) group
- Clinical and Health Sciences
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
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D'Hondt M, Verbeke F, Wuytens P, Skirtach A, De Spiegeleer B, Wynendaele E. Hot-Melt Preparation of a Non-Biodegradable Peptide Implant: A Proof of Principle. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:691-701. [PMID: 31215364 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190619113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both biodegradable and non-biodegradable peptide-loaded implants are already developed for the long-term treatment of patients, thereby reducing the frequency of drug administration. To further improve peptide formulation, extending the scope of implant-based drug delivery systems towards other polymers and processing techniques is highly interesting. OBJECTIVE In this study, as a proof-of-principle, the feasibility of hot-melt processing of a peptide active pharmaceutical ingredient was assessed by developing a non-biodegradable poly(ethylenevinyl acetate) (33% VA) implant loaded with 20% (w/w) buserelin acetate. METHODS Cross-sectional implant characterization was performed by Raman microscopy. The stability of buserelin acetate in the polymeric matrix was evaluated for 3 months under ICH stability conditions and the quantity as well as the degradation products analyzed using LC-UV methods. An in vitro dissolution study was performed as well and buserelin acetate and its degradants analyzed using the same chromatographic methods. RESULTS No significant quantities of buserelin acetate-related degradation products were formed during the hot-melt preparation as well as during the stability study. Together with the consistent buserelin acetate assay values over time, chemical peptide stability was thus demonstrated. The in vitro buserelin acetate release from the implant was found to be diffusion-controlled after an initial burst release, with stable release profiles in the stability study, demonstrating the functional stability of the peptide implant. CONCLUSION These results indicate the feasibility of preparing non-biodegradable peptide-loaded implants using the hot-melt production method and may act as a proof of principle concept for further innovation in peptide medicinal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'Hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Wuytens
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Centre for Nano-Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre Skirtach
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Centre for Nano-Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Schneider C, Langer R, Loveday D, Hair D. Applications of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) in drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2017; 262:284-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Suhardi VJ, Bichara DA, Kwok S, Freiberg AA, Rubash H, Malchau H, Yun SH, Muratoglu OK, Oral E. A Fully Functional Drug-Eluting Joint Implant. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:0080. [PMID: 29354321 PMCID: PMC5773111 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in orthopedic materials, the development of drug-eluting bone and joint implants that can sustain the delivery of the drug and maintain the necessary mechanical strength in order to withstand loading has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that modifying the eccentricity of drug clusters and the percolation threshold in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) results in maximized drug elution and in the retention of mechanical strength. The optimized UHMWPE eluted antibiotic at a higher concentration for longer than the clinical gold standard antibiotic-eluting bone cement while retaining the mechanical and wear properties of clinically used UHMWPE joint prostheses. Treatment of lapine knees infected with Staphylococcus aureus with the antibiotic-eluting UHMWPE led to complete bacterial eradication and to the absence of detectable systemic effects. We argue that the antibiotic-eluting UHMWPE joint implant is a promising candidate for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Suhardi
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School
- Department of Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - D A Bichara
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School
| | - Sjj Kwok
- Department of Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Wellmann Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - A A Freiberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School
| | - H Rubash
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School
| | - H Malchau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School
| | - S H Yun
- Department of Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Wellmann Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - O K Muratoglu
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School
| | - E Oral
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School
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Nitinol stents loaded with a high dose of antitumor 5-fluorouracil or paclitaxel: esophageal tissue responses in a porcine model. Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82:153-160.e1. [PMID: 25936448 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A poor prognosis associated with esophageal cancer leads to surgical resection not suitable for most patients. Nitinol stents loaded with 50% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or paclitaxel (PTX), functioning both as a stent and local chemotherapy, could provide a new therapy modality for these patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate esophageal tissue responses to nitinol stents loaded with 50% 5-FU or PTX implanted in the esophagus of healthy pigs. DESIGN Twenty-three healthy Bama mini-pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups for stent implantation: group A (PTX stent, n = 13), group B (5-FU stent, n = 8), group C (blank film-covered stent, n = 1), and group D (bare stent, n = 1). Tissue responses were observed by endoscopy or pathologic analyses, and 5-FU or PTX concentrations were measured in the esophagus at the stent implantation site at different time points. SETTING Animal laboratory. INTERVENTIONS Endoscopic placement of esophagus stent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Endoscopic examination, histology, and drug concentration analysis. RESULTS In general, the esophageal tissue responses varied according to different parts of 5-FU or PTX stent (middle part [drug-containing part] and bare ends [drug-free part]). Severe tissue responses at the bare ends of the stent included inflammation, ulceration, and granulation. However, the tissue responses were greatly reduced in the middle part of the stent. The drug concentrations in the esophagus that had contact with the 5-FU stent or PTX stent were very high, especially for the first period after implantation, which did not cause obvious tissue damage. LIMITATION Some subjects had incomplete follow-up because of unexpected deaths and stent migration. CONCLUSION The nitinol stents loaded with 50% 5-FU or PTX did not cause severe esophageal tissue responses, although there was a large concentration of the drug in these tissues.
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Liu J, Wang Z, Wu K, Li J, Chen W, Shen Y, Guo S. Paclitaxel or 5-fluorouracil/esophageal stent combinations as a novel approach for the treatment of esophageal cancer. Biomaterials 2015; 53:592-9. [PMID: 25890755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Currently, esophageal cancer is rarely curable, and herein, a paclitaxel or 5-fluorouracil/esophageal stent combination (PTX or 5-FU/stent) was used to provide a new approach to treat this cancer. The PTX or 5-FU/stent was prepared by covering a nitinol stent with a bilayered polymer film that consisted of a layer of 50% PTX or 5-FU and a layer of drug-free backing. These treatment modalities were evaluated in vivo after implantation into the porcine esophagus. The percentages of the drugs that permeated from the backing layer over a period of 95 days were very small (0.61% for 5-FU), and an overwhelming majority of the PTX and the 5-FU was released from the other side of the film. During the follow-up period (120 days), the drug/stent was always maintained in the porcine esophagus, and did not show any obvious systemic or local toxicities. In contrast, this treatment had an effect on the inhibition of tissue proliferation and ulceration. In addition, the drug concentrations were highest in the esophagus compared with in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and blood (81500.0 ± 9475.2 ng/g vs. 3.9 ± 0.3 ng/mL of PTX in the plasma at 13 days). The PTX/stent and the 5-FU/stent have a dual function as both a stent and a local drug delivery device, which provides a potential treatment modality with high efficacy and non systematic toxicity for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Keqin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Weiluan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengrong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China; School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Lu F, Shen YY, Shen YQ, Hou JW, Wang ZM, Guo SR. Treatments of paclitaxel with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) to improve drug release from poly(ɛ-caprolactone) matrix for film-based stent. Int J Pharm 2012; 434:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Rong HJ, Chen WL, Guo SR, Lei L, Shen YY. PCL films incorporated with paclitaxel/5-fluorouracil: Effects of formulation and spacial architecture on drug release. Int J Pharm 2012; 427:242-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lu F, Lei L, Shen YY, Hou JW, Chen WL, Li YG, Guo SR. Effects of amphiphilic PCL–PEG–PCL copolymer addition on 5-fluorouracil release from biodegradable PCL films for stent application. Int J Pharm 2011; 419:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Almeida A, Possemiers S, Boone M, De Beer T, Quinten T, Van Hoorebeke L, Remon J, Vervaet C. Ethylene vinyl acetate as matrix for oral sustained release dosage forms produced via hot-melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 77:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tang M, Hou J, Lei L, Liu X, Guo S, Wang Z, Chen K. Preparation, characterization and properties of partially hydrolyzed ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer films for controlled drug release. Int J Pharm 2010; 400:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Guo SR, Wang ZM, Zhang YQ, Lei L, Shi JM, Chen KM, Yu Z. In Vivo Evaluation of 5-Fluorouracil-Containing Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in Rabbits: Efficiency in Long-Term Local Drug Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:3009-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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