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Zheng H, Wu H, Wang D, Wang S, Ji D, Liu X, Gao G, Su X, Zhang Y, Ling Y. Research progress of prodrugs for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116457. [PMID: 38704941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that pharmacotherapy plays a pivotal role in the treatment and prevention of cerebral ischemia. Nevertheless, existing drugs, including numerous natural products, encounter various challenges when applied in cerebral ischemia treatment. These challenges comprise poor brain absorption due to low blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, limited water solubility, inadequate bioavailability, poor stability, and rapid metabolism. To address these issues, researchers have turned to prodrug strategies, aiming to mitigate or eliminate the adverse properties of parent drug molecules. In vivo metabolism or enzymatic reactions convert prodrugs into active parent drugs, thereby augmenting BBB permeability, improving bioavailability and stability, and reducing toxicity to normal tissues, ultimately aiming to enhance treatment efficacy and safety. This comprehensive review delves into multiple effective prodrug strategies, providing a detailed description of representative prodrugs developed over the past two decades. It underscores the potential of prodrug approaches to improve the therapeutic outcomes of currently available drugs for cerebral ischemia. The publication of this review serves to enrich current research progress on prodrug strategies for the treatment and prevention of cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, it seeks to offer valuable insights for pharmaceutical chemists in this field, offer guidance for the development of drugs for cerebral ischemia, and provide patients with safer and more effective drug treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dezhi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sijia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongliang Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ge Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xing Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Ejskjær L, O'Dwyer PJ, Ryan CD, Holm R, Kuentz M, Box KJ, Griffin BT. Developing an in vitro lipolysis model for real-time analysis of drug concentrations during digestion of lipid-based formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106681. [PMID: 38128839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of digestion on oral lipid-based drug formulations is a critical step in assessing the impact of the digestive process in the intestine on intraluminal drug concentrations. The classical pH-stat in vitro lipolysis technique has traditionally been applied, however, there is a need to explore the establishment of higher throughput small-scale methods. This study explores the use of alternative lipases with the aim of selecting digestion conditions that permit in-line UV detection for the determination of real-time drug concentrations. A range of immobilised and pre-dissolved lipases were assessed for digestion of lipid-based formulations and compared to digestion with the classical source of lipase, porcine pancreatin. Palatase® 20000 L, a purified liquid lipase, displayed comparable digestion kinetics to porcine pancreatin and drug concentration determined during digestion of a fenofibrate lipid-based formulation were similar between methods. In-line UV analysis using the MicroDISS ProfilerTM demonstrated that drug concentration could be monitored during one hour of dispersion and three hours of digestion for both a medium- and long-chain lipid-based formulations with corresponding results to that obtained from the classical lipolysis method. This method offers opportunities exploring the real-time dynamic drug concentration during dispersion and digestion of lipid-based formulations in a small-scale setup avoiding artifacts as a result of extensive sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Ejskjær
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick J O'Dwyer
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Callum D Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - René Holm
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstr. 30, Muttenz 4132, Switzerland
| | - Karl J Box
- Pion Inc (UK), Forest Row, East Sussex, UK
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
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Tanaka Y. [Elucidation and Prediction of Absorption Behavior After Oral Administration of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs as Different Lipid-Based Formulations]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2023; 143:721-727. [PMID: 37661438 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) are isotropic mixtures typically comprising lipids, surfactants, and/or co-solvents, in which drugs are pre-solubilized. After oral administration, LBFs are piggybacked into endogenous lipid digestion pathways. This triggers drug super-saturation and improves absorption. However, super-saturation poses a risk of drug precipitation, which generally leads to poor drug absorption. Furthermore, a series of aqueous colloidal species including digestion products (typically fatty acids and monoglycerides) and endogenous molecules (bile acids and phospholipids) increase the drug solubilization capacity of the intestinal fluid (compared with that of the normal intestinal fluid). However, the solubilization/precipitation behavior may change according to the LBF composition (e.g., the drug loading amount and type of formulation excipients), which may ultimately lead to differences in oral absorption. This review summarizes the results of the evaluation and prediction of the effect of LBFs composition on oral absorption and provides an in-depth understanding of the drug absorption mechanisms when using LBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University
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4
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Franceschinis E, Roverso M, Gabbia D, De Martin S, Brusegan M, Vaccarin C, Bogialli S, Chilin A. Self-Emulsifying Formulations to Increase the Oral Bioavailability of 4,6,4′-Trimethylangelicin as a Possible Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091806. [PMID: 36145554 PMCID: PMC9506254 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
4,6,4′-trimethylangelicin (TMA) is a promising pharmacological option for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) due to its triple-acting behavior toward the function of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator. It is a poorly water-soluble drug, and thus it is a candidate for developing a self-emulsifying formulation (SEDDS). This study aimed to develop a SEDDS to improve the oral bioavailability of TMA. Excipients were selected on the basis of solubility studies. Polyoxyl-35 castor oil (Cremophor® EL) was proposed as surfactant, diethylene glycol-monoethyl ether (Transcutol® HP) as cosolvent, and a mixture of long-chainmono-,di-, and triglycerides (Maisine® CC) or medium-chain triglycerides (LabrafacTM lipophile) as oil phases. Different mixtures were prepared and characterized by measuring the emulsification time, drop size, and polydispersity index to identify the most promising formulation. Two formulations containing 50% surfactant (w/w), 40% cosolvent (w/w), and 10% oil (w/w) (Maisine® CC or LabrafacTM lipophile) were selected. The results showed that both formulations were able to self-emulsify, producing nanoemulsions with a drop size range of 20–25 nm, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that they were able to significantly increase the oral bioavailability of TMA. In conclusion, SEEDS are useful tools to ameliorate the pharmacokinetic profile of TMA and could represent a strategy to improve the therapeutic management of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Franceschinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Brusegan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Christian Vaccarin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Adriana Chilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
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5
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Yoshida T, Kojima H, Sako K, Kondo H. Drug delivery to the intestinal lymph by oral formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:175-189. [PMID: 35037843 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery systems (DDS) targeting lymphocytes in intestinal lymphatic vessels, ducts, and nodes are useful for treating diverse diseases. The intestinal lymph harbors numerous lymphocyte subsets, and DDS containing lipids such as triglycerides and fatty acids can deliver drugs to the lymph through the chylomicron pathway. DDS are efficient, thus allowing the administration of reduced drug doses, which mitigate systemic adverse effects. Here we review orally administered lipid formulations comprising oil solutions, suspensions, micro/nanoemulsions, self-micro/nano emulsifying DDS, liposomes, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers for targeting drugs to the lymph. We first describe the structures of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes and the oral absorption of lipids and drugs into the intestinal lymph. We next summarize the effects of the properties and amounts of lipids and drugs delivered into the lymph and lymphocytes, as well as their effects on drug delivery ratios of lymph to blood. Finally, we describe lymphatic DDS containing saquinavir, tacrolimus, and methotrexate, and their potency that reduce drug concentrations in blood, which are associated with systemic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yoshida
- Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs., Astellas Pharma Inc., Yaizu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs., Astellas Pharma Inc., Yaizu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sako
- Corporate Advocacy, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1, Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kondo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Tanaka Y, Doi H, Katano T, Kasaoka S. The impact of quantity of lipid based formulations with different compositions on the oral absorption of ritonavir: A trade-off between apparent solubility and permeability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 168:106079. [PMID: 34843915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the quantity of lipid-based formulations (LBFs) on the oral absorption of ritonavir (RTV), a model for poorly water-soluble drugs, was investigated. Two types of LBFs, comprising short- and medium-chain lipids (LBF-SMC) and long-chain lipids (LBF-LC) loaded with different masses of RTV, were prepared. Then, the respective LBFs were dispersed in distilled water at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% w/w, which provided the same drug concentration for all formulations. When 1.0% LBF-SMC and LBF-LC were orally administered to rats, the oral absorption was significantly improved compared with that of the suspension (a reference formulation) because of enhanced solubilization of RTV in the gastrointestinal tract; however, this improvement was lower for LBF-LC than for LBF-SMC. The oral absorption decreased with increasing LBF concentration for both LBF-SMC and LBF-LC. The in vitro permeation in sequence with in vitro digestion revealed that this phenomenon was caused by a reduction in the free drug concentration in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the effect of decreasing the free concentration was more remarkable for LBF-LC than for LBF-SMC because of the greater solubilization capacity of LC digestion products. These findings may be useful for designing improved drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Doi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Takeru Katano
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kasaoka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
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7
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Feng W, Qin C, Cipolla E, Lee JB, Zgair A, Chu Y, Ortori CA, Stocks MJ, Constantinescu CS, Barrett DA, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Inclusion of Medium-Chain Triglyceride in Lipid-Based Formulation of Cannabidiol Facilitates Micellar Solubilization In Vitro, but In Vivo Performance Remains Superior with Pure Sesame Oil Vehicle. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1349. [PMID: 34575426 PMCID: PMC8472830 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral sesame oil-based formulation facilitates the delivery of poorly water-soluble drug cannabidiol (CBD) to the lymphatic system and blood circulation. However, this natural oil-based formulation also leads to considerable variability in absorption of CBD. In this work, the performance of lipid-based formulations with the addition of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) or surfactants to the sesame oil vehicle has been tested in vitro and in vivo using CBD as a model drug. The in vitro lipolysis has shown that addition of the MCT leads to a higher distribution of CBD into the micellar phase. Further addition of surfactants to MCT-containing formulations did not improve distribution of the drug into the micellar phase. In vivo, formulations containing MCT led to lower or similar concentrations of CBD in serum, lymph and MLNs, but with reduced variability. MCT improves the emulsification and micellar solubilization of CBD, but surfactants did not facilitate further the rate and extent of lipolysis. Even though addition of MCT reduces the variability, the in vivo performance for the extent of both lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability remains superior with a pure natural oil vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Elena Cipolla
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
- School of Pharmacy, Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Atheer Zgair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi 31001, Iraq
| | - Yenju Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
- Tri-Service General Hospital, Medical Supplies and Maintenance Office, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Catherine A. Ortori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | | | - David A. Barrett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Peter M. Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
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8
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Tanaka Y, Nguyen TH, Suys EJA, Porter CJH. Digestion of Lipid-Based Formulations Not Only Mediates Changes to Absorption of Poorly Soluble Drugs Due to Differences in Solubilization But Also Reflects Changes to Thermodynamic Activity and Permeability. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1768-1778. [PMID: 33729806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipid digestion on the permeability and absorption of orally administered saquinavir (SQV), a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class IV drug, in different lipid-based formulations. Three LBFs were prepared: a mixed short- and medium-chain lipid-based formulation (SMCF), a medium-chain lipid-based formulation (MCF), and a long-chain lipid-based formulation (LCF). SQV was loaded into these LBFs at 26.7 mg/g. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of SQV in vivo, drug-loaded formulations were predispersed in purified water at 3% w/w and orally administered to rats. A low dose (0.8 mg/rat) was employed to limit confounding effects on drug solubilization, and consistent with this design, presolubilization of SQV in the LBFs did not increase in vivo exposure compared to a control suspension formulation. The areas under the plasma concentration-time curve were, however, significantly lower after administration of SQV as MCF and LCF compared to SMCF. To evaluate the key mechanisms underpinning absorption, each LBF containing SQV was digested, and the flux of SQV from the digests across a dialysis membrane was evaluated in in vitro permeation experiments. This study revealed that the absorption profiles were driven by the free concentration of SQV and that this varied due to differences in SQV solubilization in the digestion products generated by LBF digestion. The apparent first-order permeation rate constants of SQV (kapp,total) were estimated by dividing the flux of SQV in the dialysis membrane experiments by the concentration of total SQV on the donor side. kapp,total values strongly correlated with in vivo AUC. The data provide one of the first studies of the effect of digestion products on the free concentration of a drug in the GI fluid and oral absorption. This simple permeation model may be a useful tool for the evaluation of the impact of lipid digestion on apparent drug permeability from lipid-based formulations. These effects should be assessed alongside, and in addition to, the more well-known effects of lipids on enhancing intestinal solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hiro-koshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
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Verma R, Kaushik D. Role of Biorelevant Media in the Estimation of In Vitro Lipolysis and Food Impact on Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885515999200727121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) include self-microemulsifying drug
delivery system (SMEDDS) and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) whose
major benefits are reduction of inter/intrasubject variability and food effect that results in a better
pharmacological response of the drug. Oral intake of these formulations triggers the digestion process
because of pancreatic lipase which emulsifies/digests the lipidic ingredients of the formulation
leading to precipitation of the drug. As a tool to foresee in vivo medicament precipitation, in vitro
lipolysis models are established. Biorelevant media play an important role to study the effect of in
vitro lipolysis and food impact on the bioavailability of SEDDS formulations. It is vital to generate
the composition of fluids for both fed and fasting conditions of gastric, small intestine and colon to
investigate the impact of in vitro lipolysis and food on drug’s release behavior from the formulation.
Fed/Fasted state simulated gastric fluid (Fe/FaSSGF), and Fed/Fasted state simulated gastric
fluid (Fe/FaSSIF) (Phosphate buffers) are first-generation. While Fa/FeSSIF-V2 (maleate) are second-
generation biorelevant media utilized for these studies. FaSSIF-V3 belongs to the thirdgeneration
which differs from other generations in the composition and source of bile salts. With
updates in physiological data, it is vital to incorporate changes in dissolution media composition to
make it more biorelevant. This review paper mainly emphasized the compositions of biorelevant
media of gastric and small intestine for both fed and fasting conditions. Besides, applications of
biorelevant media to investigate the effect of in vitro lipolysis and food on SEDDS are discussed
with some recent research reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak,India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak,India
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Wang Y, Li D, Lin H, Jiang S, Han L, Hou S, Lin S, Cheng Z, Bian W, Zhang X, He Y, Zhang K. Enhanced oral bioavailability and bioefficacy of phloretin using mixed polymeric modified self-nanoemulsions. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3545-3558. [PMID: 32724617 PMCID: PMC7382203 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phloretin (Ph) is a natural active ingredient with wide biological properties. However, its poor water-solubility and low oral bioavailability limit the application significantly in functional food and drug. This study was to explore the mixed polymer Pluronic® F127 and P123 modified the different triglycerides (LCT, MCT, SCT) in self-nanoemulsions (SNEs) for enhancing the oral bioavailability and bioefficacy of Ph. The SNEs were characterized in terms of physical property study, lipolysis study, pharmacokinetic study, and anti-inflammatory effect. The water-solubility of LCT-Ph-SNE increased 3000-fold compared with Ph solution. Pharmacokinetic study of SNEs and other carriers (HP-β-CD, PVP) results indicated that LCT-Ph-SNE was 7.9-fold more bioavailable compared with unformulated Ph. The anti-inflammatory activity of LCT-Ph-SNE in vivo represented a 6.8-fold enhancement compared with unformulated Ph. This novel SNE formulation may also be used for other poorly soluble ingredients with high loading capacity, which made a significant impact on functional food and drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health ScienceWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health ScienceWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
| | - Huiqiong Lin
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Sen Jiang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Lei Han
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuli Hou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuying Lin
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhefeng Cheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Wangqing Bian
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yan He
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health ScienceWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
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11
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Izgelov D, Regev A, Domb AJ, Hoffman A. Using the Absorption Cocktail Approach to Assess Differential Absorption Kinetics of Cannabidiol Administered in Lipid-Based Vehicles in Rats. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1979-1986. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dvora Izgelov
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Aviva Regev
- PureForm Global Inc., 5700 Melrose Ave #208, Los Angeles, California 90038, United States
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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12
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Huang S, Dong R, Xu G, Liu J, Gao X, Yu S, Qie P, Gou G, Hu M, Wang Y, Peng J, Guang B, Xu Y, Yang T. Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation of Desmethyl Anethole Trithione Phosphate Prodrug for Ameliorating Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4595-4602. [PMID: 32175506 PMCID: PMC7066653 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anethol trithione (ATT) has a wide range of physiological activities, but its use is limited due to its poor water solubility. To improve the solubility of ATT, we synthesized and characterized a novel phosphate prodrug (ATXP) relying on the availability of the hydroxy group in 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole3-thione (ATX), which was transformed from ATT rapidly and extensively in vivo. Our results showed that ATXP significantly improved drug solubility. ATXP was rapidly converted to ATX and reached a maximum plasma concentration with a T max of approximately 5 min after intravenous (iv) administration. Furthermore, after the oral administration of ATXP, the C max was 3326.30 ± 566.50 ng/mL, which was approximately 5-fold greater than that of the parent drug form, indicating that ATXP has greater absorption than that of ATT. Additionally, the oral phosphate prodrug ATXP increased the ATX in the area under the plasma concentration vs time curves (AUC0-t = 3927.40 ± 321.50 and AUC0-∞ = 4579.0 ± 756.30), making its use in practical applications more meaningful. Finally, compared to the vehicle, ATXP was confirmed to maintain the bioactivity of the parent drug for a significant reduction in infarct volume 24 h after reperfusion. Based on these findings, the phosphate prodrug ATXP is a potentially useful water-soluble prodrug with improved pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Renhan Dong
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu
Beinuokecheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 88, Keyuan South Road, New and High-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610094, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaojie Xu
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofang Gao
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Siqi Yu
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengfan Qie
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Gou
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Hu
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Peng
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Guang
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu
Beinuokecheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 88, Keyuan South Road, New and High-Tech Zone, Chengdu 610094, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- The
First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Tai Yang
- School
of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
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13
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Tanaka Y, Tay E, Nguyen TH, Porter CJH. Quantifying In Vivo Luminal Drug Solubilization -Supersaturation-Precipitation Profiles to Explain the Performance of Lipid Based Formulations. Pharm Res 2020; 37:47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-2762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Yoshida T, Sako K, Kondo H. Design of novel tacrolimus formulations with chemically synthesized oils for oral lymphatic delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:219-226. [PMID: 31976759 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1721525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High consumption of oil formulations has been reported to reduce the blood exposure of drugs like tacrolimus. Consumption of oil formulations has also been shown to inhibit T-cell production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) compared to solid dispersion formulations (SDFs). However, a large amount of oil causes gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea and low compliance. Here, we investigated the feasibility of reducing the amount of oil and substitution of chemically synthetized oils for natural oils in these formulations. Reducing the amount of sunflower oil increased blood tacrolimus exposure despite sufficient suppression of IL-2 production. While medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) increased tacrolimus blood exposure, addition of 10% glyceryl monostearate (GMS) to MCT significantly decreased drug blood exposure without requiring a large amount of oil (p < .05). Effects of the contents of GMS in the MCT/GMS formulations, and fatty acid composition in GMS on drug blood exposure were also investigated. The results indicated that both the amount and type of oil were important for maintaining a good balance between a reduction in blood exposure and sufficient IL-2 suppression. The ratio of drug concentration in lymphocytes to that in whole blood after dosing with an oil formulation was significantly higher than that after administration of the SDF (p < .01). These results indicate the feasibility of developing oral oil tacrolimus formulations to reduce systemic side effects and maintain high efficacy for practical use in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yoshida
- Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc, Yaizu, Japan
| | | | - Hiromu Kondo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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15
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Mukherjee S, Maity S, Ghosh B, Chakraborty T, Mondal A, Bishayee A. Assessment of the antidiabetic potentiality of glyburide loaded glyceryl monostearate solid lipid nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Kataoka M, Ohi Y, Sakanoue K, Minami K, Higashino H, Yamashita S. Impact of Dietary Intake of Medium-Chain Triacylglycerides on the Intestinal Absorption of Poorly Permeable Compounds. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:212-218. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-Cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ohi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-Cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kana Sakanoue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-Cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Keiko Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-Cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Haruki Higashino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-Cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-Cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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17
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Ye J, Wu H, Huang C, Lin W, Zhang C, Huang B, Lu B, Xu H, Li X, Long X. Comparisons of in vitro Fick's first law, lipolysis, and in vivo rat models for oral absorption on BCS II drugs in SNEDDS. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5623-5636. [PMID: 31440045 PMCID: PMC6664859 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s203911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro Fick’s first law, in vitro lipolysis, and in vivo rat assays for oral absorption of Biopharmaceutical Classification Systems Class II (BCS II) drugs in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), and studied drugs and oils properties effects on the absorption. Methods The transport abilities of griseofulvin (GRI), phenytoin (PHE), indomethacin (IND), and ketoprofen (KET) in saturated water solutions and SNEDDS were investigated using the in vitro Madin-Darby canine kidney cell model. GRI and cinnarizine (CIN) in medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)-SNEDDS and long-chain triglycerides (LCT)-SNEDDS were administered in the in vivo SD rat and in vitro lipolysis models to compare the oral absorption and the distribution behaviors in GIT and build an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). Results In the cell model, the solubility of GRI, PHE, IND, and KET increased 6–8 fold by SNEDDS, but their permeability were only 18%, 4%, 8%, and 33% of those of their saturated water solutions, respectively. However, in vivo absorption of GRI-SNEDDS was twice that of the GRI suspension and those of CIN-SNEDDS were 15–21 fold those of the CIN suspension. In the lipolysis model, the GRI% in aqueous and pellet phases of MCT were similar to that in LCT. In contrast, the CIN% in the aqueous and pellet phases were decreased but that of the lipid phase increased. In addition, an IVIVC was found between the CIN% in the lipid phase and in vivo relative oral bioavailability (Fr). Conclusion The in vitro cell model was still a suitable tool to study drug properties effects on biofilm transport and SNEDDS absorption mechanisms. The in vitro lipolysis model provided superior oral absorption simulation of SNEDDS and helped to build correlation with in vivo rats. The oral drug absorption was affected by drug and oil properties in SNEDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanli Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Lin
- Department of Pharmacy of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Caifeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Banyi Lu
- Department of Pharmacy of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Xiaoying Long
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Delivery, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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18
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Verma R, Kaushik D. In vitro Lipolysis as a Tool for the Establishment of IVIVC for Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:688-697. [PMID: 31250755 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190620115716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro lipolysis has emerged as a powerful tool in the development of in vitro in vivo correlation for Lipid-based Drug Delivery System (LbDDS). In vitro lipolysis possesses the ability to mimic the assimilation of LbDDS in the human biological system. The digestion medium for in vitro lipolysis commonly contains an aqueous buffer media, bile salts, phospholipids and sodium chloride. The concentrations of these compounds are defined by the physiological conditions prevailing in the fasted or fed state. The pH of the medium is monitored by a pH-sensitive electrode connected to a computercontrolled pH-stat device capable of maintaining a predefined pH value via titration with sodium hydroxide. Copenhagen, Monash and Jerusalem are used as different models for in vitro lipolysis studies. The most common approach used in evaluating the kinetics of lipolysis of emulsion-based encapsulation systems is the pH-stat titration technique. This is widely used in both the nutritional and the pharmacological research fields as a rapid screening tool. Analytical tools for the assessment of in vitro lipolysis include HPLC, GC, HPTLC, SEM, Cryo TEM, Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) for the characterization of the lipids and colloidal phases after digestion of lipids. Various researches have been carried out for the establishment of IVIVC by using in vitro lipolysis models. The current publication also presents an updated review of various researches in the field of in vitro lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
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19
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Xiao L, Liu Y, Yi T. Development of a New Ex Vivo Lipolysis-Absorption Model for Nanoemulsions. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040164. [PMID: 30987303 PMCID: PMC6523376 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lipid-based formulations (LBFs) in improving the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs has now well established. Because the in vivo evaluation of LBFs is labor-intensive, in vitro or ex vivo approaches could provide advantages. In this study, a new ex vivo lipolysis-absorption model (evLAM) composed of an intestinal digestion system and an intestinal tissue system was developed to evaluate and predict the in vivo absorption performances of LBFs. Model factors, including the pH of the system and concentrations of d-glucose and pancreatic lipase, were investigated and optimized by a Box-Behnken design. To evaluate this new model, a lipid formulation of indomethacin, which was chosen based on preliminary studies of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, emulsion droplets, and solubility, was further investigated by an in vivo pharmacokinetic study of rats, the everted gut sac model, and the evLAM, respectively. The absorption percentages obtained from the evLAM were much more similar to the data of rats in vivo than those from the everted gut sac model, showing a preferable in vitro-in vivo correlation (r = 0.9772). Compared with the conventional in vitro and in vivo methods, the evLAM, which allowed precise insights into the in vivo absorption characteristics without much time or a complicated process, could be a better tool for assessing LBFs of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Pharmacy Department, Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macau 999078, China.
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20
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Berthelsen R, Klitgaard M, Rades T, Müllertz A. In vitro digestion models to evaluate lipid based drug delivery systems; present status and current trends. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 142:35-49. [PMID: 31265861 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, a range of in vitro models simulating the digestion processes occurring in the stomach and small intestine have been developed to characterize lipid based drug delivery systems (LbDDSs). This review describes the presently existing range of in vitro digestion models and their use in the field of oral drug delivery. The models are evaluated in terms of their suitability to assess LbDDSs, and their ability to produce in vitro - in vivo correlations (IVIVCs). While the pH-stat lipolysis model is by far the most commonly utilized in vitro digestion model in relation to characterizing LbDDSs, a series of recent studies have shown a lack of IVIVCs limiting its future use. Presently, no single in vitro digestion model exists which is able to predict the in vivo performance of various LbDDSs. However, recent research has shown the potential of combined digestion-permeation models as well as species specific digestion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragna Berthelsen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mette Klitgaard
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anette Müllertz
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Lee JB, Kim TH, Feng W, Choi HG, Zgair A, Shin S, Yoo SD, Gershkovich P, Shin BS. Quantitative Prediction of Oral Bioavailability of a Lipophilic Antineoplastic Drug Bexarotene Administered in Lipidic Formulation Using a Combined In Vitro Lipolysis/Microsomal Metabolism Approach. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:1047-1052. [PMID: 30268807 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
For performance assessment of the lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDSs), in vitro lipolysis is commonly applied because traditional dissolution tests do not reflect the complicated in vivo micellar formation and solubilization processes. Much of previous research on in vitro lipolysis has mostly focused on rank-ordering formulations for their predicted performances. In this study, we have incorporated in vitro lipolysis with microsomal stability to quantitatively predict the oral bioavailability of a lipophilic antineoplastic drug bexarotene (BEX) administered in LBDDS. Two types of LBDDS were applied: lipid solution and lipid suspension. The predicted oral bioavailability values of BEX from linking in vitro lipolysis with microsomal stability for lipid solution and lipid suspension were 34.2 ± 1.6% and 36.2 ± 2.6%, respectively, whereas the in vivo oral bioavailability of BEX was tested as 31.5 ± 13.4% and 31.4 ± 5.2%, respectively. The predicted oral bioavailability corresponded well with the oral bioavailability for both formulations, demonstrating that the combination of in vitro lipolysis and microsomal stability can quantitatively predict oral bioavailability of BEX. In vivo intestinal lymphatic uptake was also assessed for the formulations and resulted in <1% of the dose, which confirmed that liver microsomal stability was necessary for correct prediction of the bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Hyeon Gwan Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Atheer Zgair
- College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Anbar 31001, Iraq
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Dong Yoo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Lv X, Zhang S, Ma H, Dong P, Ma X, Xu M, Tian Y, Tang Z, Peng J, Chen H, Zhang J. In situ monitoring of the structural change of microemulsions in simulated gastrointestinal conditions by SAXS and FRET. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:655-665. [PMID: 30109189 PMCID: PMC6089861 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microemulsions are promising drug delivery systems for the oral administration of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, the evolution of microemulsions in the gastrointestinal tract is still poorly characterized, especially the structural change of microemulsions under the effect of lipase and mucus. To better understand the fate of microemulsions in the gastrointestinal tract, we applied small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to monitor the structural change of microemulsions under the effect of lipolysis and mucus. First, the effect of lipolysis on microemulsions was studied by SAXS, which found the generation of liquid crystalline phases. Meanwhile, FRET spectra indicated micelles with smaller particle sizes were generated during lipolysis, which could be affected by CaCl2, bile salts and lecithin. Then, the effect of mucus on the structural change of lipolysed microemulsions was studied. The results of SAXS and FRET indicated that the liquid crystalline phases disappeared, and more micelles were generated. In summary, we studied the structural change of microemulsions in simulated gastrointestinal conditions by SAXS and FRET, and successfully monitored the appearance and disappearance of the liquid crystalline phases and micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Xinglin College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Huipeng Ma
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Peipei Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ming Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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23
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Song W, Yang Y, Yu M, Zhu Q, Damaneh MS, Zhong H, Gan Y. Enhanced digestion inhibition and mucus penetration of F127-modified self-nanoemulsions for improved oral delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 13:326-335. [PMID: 32104406 PMCID: PMC7032245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-nanoemulsifying systems (SNEs) have excellent ability to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs (PWSD). However, SNEs are likely to be degraded in gastrointestinal (GIT) when their surface is recognized by lipase/co-lipase enzyme complex, resulting in rapid release and precipitation of encapsulated drugs. The precipitates are then captured and removed by intestinal mucus, reducing the delivery efficacy of SNEs. Herein, the amphiphilic polymer Pluronic® F127 was incorporated into long and short-chain triglycerides (LCT, SCT) based SNEs to diminish the recognition and therefore minimized their degradation by enzymes and clearance by mucus. The SNEs were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential and stability. Ex vivo multiple particles tracking studies were performed by adding particle solution into fresh rat mucus. Cellular uptake of SNEs were conducted by using E12 cells, the absorption and distribution in small intestine were also studied after oral administration in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The in vitro digestion rate of SNEs were found to be in following order SCT-SNE > SCT-F127-SNE > LCT-SNE > LCT-F127-SNE. Moreover, the LCT-F127-SNE was found to be most effective in enhancing cellular uptake, resulting in 3.5-fold, 2.1-fold and 1.7-fold higher than that of SCT-SNE, LCT-SNE and SCT-F127-SNE, respectively. After incubating the SNE with E12 cells, the LCT-F127-SNE exhibited the highest amount regarding both mucus penetration and cellular uptake, with an uptake amount number (via bicinchoninic acid (BCA) analysis) of 3.5-fold, 2.1-fold and 1.7-fold higher than that of SCT-SNE, LCT-SNE and SCT-F127-SNE, respectively. The in vivo results revealed that orally administered LCT-F127-SNE could significantly increase the bioavailability of Cyclosporine A (CsA), which was approximately 2.43-fold, 1.33-fold and 1.80-fold higher than that of SCT-SNE, SCT-F127-SNE and LCT-SNE, respectively. We address in this work that F127-modified SNEs have potentials to improve oral drug absorption by significantly reducing gastrointestinal enzymatic degradation and simultaneously enhancing mucus penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330066, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330066, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Miaorong Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanlei Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mohammadali Soleimani Damaneh
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haijun Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330066, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Singh M, Kanoujia J, Parashar P, Arya M, Tripathi CB, Sinha VR, Saraf SK, Saraf SA. Augmented bioavailability of felodipine through an α-linolenic acid-based microemulsion. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:204-225. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Pokharkar V, Patil-Gadhe A, Kaur G. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of rosuvastatin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: influence of long- and medium-chain fatty acid mixture. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Singh C, Koduri LVSK, Bhatt TD, Jhamb SS, Mishra V, Gill MS, Suresh S. In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation of Novel Co-spray Dried Rifampicin Phospholipid Lipospheres for Oral Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:138-146. [PMID: 26902373 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study comprises of developing novel co-spray dried rifampicin phospholipid lipospheres (SDRPL) to investigate its influence on rifampicin solubility and oral bioavailability. Solid-state techniques were employed to characterize the liposphere formulation. SDRPL solubility was determined in distilled water. BACTEC 460TB System was employed to evaluate SDRPL antimycobacterial activity. The oral bioavailability of the lipospheres was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. Lipospheres exhibited amorphous, smooth spherical morphology with a significant increase (p < 0.001) in solubility of SDRPL (2:1), 350.9 ± 23 versus 105.1 ± 12 μg/ml and SDRPL (1:1) 306.4 ± 20 versus 105.1 ± 12 μg/ml in comparison to rifampicin (RMP). SDRPL exhibited enhanced activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Rv strain, with over twofolds less minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) than the free drug. Lipospheres exhibited higher peak plasma concentration (109.92 ± 25 versus 54.31 ± 18 μg/ml), faster T max (two versus four hours), and enhanced area under the curve (AUC0-∞) (406.92 ± 18 versus 147.72 ± 15 μg h/L) in comparison to pure RMP. Thus, SDRPL represents a promising carrier system exhibiting enhanced antimycobacterial activity and oral bioavailability of rifampicin.
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Nanostructuring Biomaterials with Specific Activities towards Digestive Enzymes for Controlled Gastrointestinal Absorption of Lipophilic Bioactive Molecules. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 237:52-75. [PMID: 28314428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the development of novel lipid-based biomaterials that modulate fat digestion for the enhanced uptake of encapsulated lipophilic bioactive compounds (e.g. drugs and vitamins). Specific focus is directed towards analysing how key material characteristics affect the biological function of digestive lipases and manipulate lipolytic digestion. The mechanism of lipase action is a complex, interfacial process, whereby hydrolysis can be controlled by the ability for lipase to access and adsorb to the lipid-in-water interface. However, significant conjecture exists within the literature regarding parameters that influence the activities of digestive lipases. Important findings from recent investigations that strategically examined the interplay between the interfacial composition of the lipid microenvironment and lipolysis kinetics in simulated biophysical environments are presented. The correlation between lipolysis and the rate of solubilisation and absorption of lipophilic compounds in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is detailed. Greater insights into the mechanism of lipase action have provided a new approach for designing colloidal carriers that orally deliver poorly soluble compounds, directly impacting the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Benito-Gallo P, Marlow M, Zann V, Scholes P, Gershkovich P. Linking in Vitro Lipolysis and Microsomal Metabolism for the Quantitative Prediction of Oral Bioavailability of BCS II Drugs Administered in Lipidic Formulations. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3526-3540. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Benito-Gallo
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Maria Marlow
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Vanessa Zann
- Quotient Clinical
Ltd., Mere Way, Ruddington Fields, Nottingham NG11 6JS, U.K
| | - Peter Scholes
- Quotient Clinical
Ltd., Mere Way, Ruddington Fields, Nottingham NG11 6JS, U.K
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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Chen Y, Li X, Wei X, Gou J, Tang X, He H, Xu H. Influence of lipid composition on the oral bioavailability of cinnarizine sub‐microemulsions. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinrong Chen
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangP. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangP. R. China
| | - Xudan Wei
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangP. R. China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangP. R. China
| | - Xing Tang
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangP. R. China
| | - Haibing He
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangP. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangP. R. China
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Sangsen Y, Wiwattanawongsa K, Likhitwitayawuid K, Sritularak B, Wiwattanapatapee R. Comparisons between a self-microemulsifying system and lipid nanoparticles of oxyresveratrol on the physicochemical properties and Caco-2 cell permeability. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaowaporn Sangsen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Prince of Songkla University; Songkhla Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Research Center; Prince of Songkla University; Songkhla Thailand
| | - Kamonthip Wiwattanawongsa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Research Center; Prince of Songkla University; Songkhla Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Prince of Songkla University; Songkhla Thailand
| | - Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Ruedeekorn Wiwattanapatapee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Prince of Songkla University; Songkhla Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Research Center; Prince of Songkla University; Songkhla Thailand
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31
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Yoshida T, Nakanishi K, Yoshioka T, Tsutsui Y, Maeda A, Kondo H, Sako K. Oral tacrolimus oil formulations for enhanced lymphatic delivery and efficient inhibition of T-cell’s interleukin-2 production. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 100:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Evaluating Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Digestion Models. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-4029-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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33
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Enhanced oral bioavailability and prophylactic effects on oxidative stress and hepatic damage of an oil solution containing a rosmarinic acid–phospholipid complex. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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34
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Khan J, Rades T, Boyd B. The Precipitation Behavior of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs with an Emphasis on the Digestion of Lipid Based Formulations. Pharm Res 2015; 33:548-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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35
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Salvia-Trujillo L, Sun Q, Um B, Park Y, McClements D. In vitro and in vivo study of fucoxanthin bioavailability from nanoemulsion-based delivery systems: Impact of lipid carrier type. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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36
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhang J, Wu B. Significantly enhanced bioavailability of niclosamide through submicron lipid emulsions with or without PEG-lipid: a comparative study. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:496-502. [PMID: 26079596 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1057251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Niclosamide (NL) has demonstrated its great potential in fighting against leukaemia recently. However, either oral or systemic delivery of NL is challenged by its insoluble nature. Here, we developed two different NL-loaded submicron lipid emulsions (NL-SLEs) and compared their suitability in bioavailability enhancement. Conventional and PEGylated NL-SLEs (NL-CSLEs and NL-PSLEs) were prepared by melt dispersion/high pressure homogenisation technique. They were about 307.8 and 162.2 nm in particle size, respectively, and both of them possessed satisfactory stability and drug load (>9.0%). After oral administration, significantly enhanced bioavailability was achieved through NL-CSLEs and NL-PSLEs (441.11 and 463.55% relative to the reference). Apart from global size, NL-CSLEs and NL-PSLEs exhibited similar attributes in release, lipolysis, mucin binding, etc. Taken together, SLEs with or without PEG-lipid have shown to be promising for oral delivery of NL. PEG-lipid could significantly reduce the particle size of SLEs. But, macromolecular PEG-lipid was required to effectively stealth the lipid carriers.
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37
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Benito-Gallo P, Franceschetto A, Wong JC, Marlow M, Zann V, Scholes P, Gershkovich P. Chain length affects pancreatic lipase activity and the extent and pH–time profile of triglyceride lipolysis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:353-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Zhang Z, Zhang R, Tong Q, Decker EA, McClements DJ. Food-grade filled hydrogels for oral delivery of lipophilic active ingredients: Temperature-triggered release microgels. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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39
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Zhang J, Lv Y, Wang B, Zhao S, Tan M, Lv G, Ma X. Influence of microemulsion-mucin interaction on the fate of microemulsions diffusing through pig gastric mucin solutions. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:695-705. [PMID: 25608210 DOI: 10.1021/mp500475y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucus layer, a selective diffusion barrier, has an important effect on the fate of drug delivery systems in the gastrointestinal tract. To study the fate of microemulsions in the mucus layer, four microemulsion formulations with different particle sizes and lipid compositions were prepared. The microemulsion-mucin interaction was demonstrated by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method. Moreover, the microemulsions were observed aggregated into micron-sized emulsions by laser confocal microscopy. We concluded the microemulsion-mucin interaction not only led to microemulsions closely adhered to mucins but also destroyed the structure of microemulsions. At last, the diffusion of blank microemulsions and microemulsion-carried drugs (resveratrol and hymecromone) through mucin solutions was determined by the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) method and the Franz diffusion cell method. The results demonstrated the diffusion of microemulsions was significantly hindered by mucin solutions. The particle size of microemulsions had a negligible effect on the diffusion coefficients. However, the type of lipid played an important role, which could form hydrophobic interactions with mucins. Interestingly, microemulsion-carried drugs with different core/shell locations seemed to suffer different fates in the mucin solutions. The drug incorporated in the oil core of microemulsions, resveratrol, was transported through the mucus layer by the carriers, while the drug incorporated in the surfactant shell of microemulsions, hymecromone, was separated from the carriers and diffused toward the epithelium in the form of free molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, People's Republic of China
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40
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Sun D, Wei X, Xue X, Fang Z, Ren M, Lou H, Zhang X. Enhanced oral absorption and therapeutic effect of acetylpuerarin based on D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanoemulsions. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3413-23. [PMID: 25071371 PMCID: PMC4111663 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s63777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetylpuerarin (AP), because of its lower water solubility, shows poor absorption that hinders its therapeutic application. Thus, the aim of this study was to prepare nanoemulsions for AP, enhance its oral bioavailability, and thus improve the therapeutic effect. Methods The nanoemulsions stabilized by D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were prepared by high-pressure homogenization and characterized in terms of particle size, drug loading, morphology, and in vitro drug release. A lipid digestion model was used to predict in vivo drug solubilization in the gastrointestinal environment. The pharmacokinetics of AP formulations were performed in rats; meanwhile, a chylomicron flow-blocking rat model was used to evaluate the lymphatic drug transport. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of AP nanoemulsions on the model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion for brain injury were also assessed. Results The nanoemulsions with a droplet size of 150 nm were well stabilized by TPGS and showed a high loading capacity for AP. In the digestion model, the distribution of AP in aqueous phase/pellet phase was about 90%/10% for nanoemulsions and 5%/95% for oil solution, indicating that the drug encapsulated in nanoemulsions would present in solubilized form after transportation into the gastrointestinal tract, whereas drug precipitation would occur as the oil solution was orally administered. The area under the curve value of AP nanoemulsions was 5.76±0.56 μg·hour·mL−1, or was about 2.6 and 1.7 times as great as that of suspension and oil solution, respectively, indicating enhanced drug absorption and thus achieving a better neuroprotection effect on cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury. The values of peak plasma concentration and area under the curve from the blocking model were significantly less than those of the control model, suggesting that the lymphatic transport performed a very important role in absorption enhancement. Conclusion Enhanced oral bioavailability in nanoemulsions was achieved via the mechanism of the maintenance of drug solubilization in the gastrointestinal tract and the enhancement of lymphatic transport, which resulted in therapeutic improvement of cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbing Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengjun Fang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Manru Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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41
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Moss DM, Siccardi M. Optimizing nanomedicine pharmacokinetics using physiologically based pharmacokinetics modelling. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3963-79. [PMID: 24467481 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic agents is characterized by numerous challenges including poor absorption, low penetration in target tissues and non-specific dissemination in organs, leading to toxicity or poor drug exposure. Several nanomedicine strategies have emerged as an advanced approach to enhance drug delivery and improve the treatment of several diseases. Numerous processes mediate the pharmacokinetics of nanoformulations, with the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) being poorly understood and often differing substantially from traditional formulations. Understanding how nanoformulation composition and physicochemical properties influence drug distribution in the human body is of central importance when developing future treatment strategies. A helpful pharmacological tool to simulate the distribution of nanoformulations is represented by physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) modelling, which integrates system data describing a population of interest with drug/nanoparticle in vitro data through a mathematical description of ADME. The application of PBPK models for nanomedicine is in its infancy and characterized by several challenges. The integration of property-distribution relationships in PBPK models may benefit nanomedicine research, giving opportunities for innovative development of nanotechnologies. PBPK modelling has the potential to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning nanoformulation disposition and allow for more rapid and accurate determination of their kinetics. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of nanomedicine distribution and the use of PBPK modelling in the characterization of nanoformulations with optimal pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Michael Moss
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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42
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Novel lipid-free nanoformulation for improving oral bioavailability of coenzyme Q10. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:793879. [PMID: 24995328 PMCID: PMC4068099 DOI: 10.1155/2014/793879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To improve the bioavailability of orally administered lipophilic coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), we formulated a novel lipid-free nano-CoQ10 system stabilized by various surfactants. Nano-CoQ10s, composed of 2.5% (w/w) CoQ10, 1.67% (w/w) surfactant, and 41.67% (w/w) glycerol, were prepared by hot high-pressure homogenization. The resulting formulations were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. We found that the mean particle size of all nano-CoQ10s ranged from 66.3 ± 1.5 nm to 92.7 ± 1.5 nm and the zeta potential ranged from −12.8 ± 1.4 mV to −41.6 ± 1.4 mV. The CoQ10 in nano-CoQ10s likely existed in a supercooled state, and nano-CoQ10s stored in a brown sealed bottle were stable for 180 days at 25°C. The bioavailability of CoQ10 was evaluated following oral administration of CoQ10 formulations in Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared to the values observed following administration of CoQ10-Suspension, nano-CoQ10 modified with various surfactants significantly increased the maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve. Thus, the lipid-free system of a nano-CoQ10 stabilized with a surfactant may be an effective vehicle for improving oral bioavailability of CoQ10.
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Zhang J, Lv Y, Zhao S, Wang B, Tan M, Xie H, Lv G, Ma X. Effect of lipolysis on drug release from self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) with different core/shell drug location. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:731-40. [PMID: 24554238 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of lipolysis on the release of poorly water-soluble drug from SMEDDS in the perspective of drug core/shell location. For this purpose, four SMEDDS formulations with various core/shell properties were developed based on long-chain lipid or medium-chain lipid as well as different surfactant/oil ratios. Poorly water-soluble drugs, hymecromone and resveratrol, were significantly solubilized in all SMEDDS formulations and the diluted microemulsions. Fluorescence spectra analysis indicated that hymecromone was mainly located in the shell of microemulsions, while resveratrol was located in the core. The effect of lipolysis on the release rates of drugs with different core/shell locations were investigated by a modified in vitro drug release model. For the drug located in the shell, hymecromone, the release profiles were not affected during the lipolysis process and no significant differences were observed among four formulations. For the drug located in the core, resveratrol, the release rates were increased to various degrees depending on the extent of digestion. In conclusion, the drug core/shell location plays an important role for determining the effect of lipolysis on drug release from SMEDDS formulation.
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44
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In vitro duodenal lipolysis of lipid-based drug delivery systems studied by HPLC–UV and HPLC–MS. Int J Pharm 2014; 465:396-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Li Y, McClements DJ. Modulating lipid droplet intestinal lipolysis by electrostatic complexation with anionic polysaccharides: Influence of cosurfactants. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Devraj R, Williams HD, Warren DB, Porter CJH, Pouton CW. Choice of nonionic surfactant used to formulate type IIIA self-emulsifying drug delivery systems and the physicochemical properties of the drug have a pronounced influence on the degree of drug supersaturation that develops during in vitro digestion. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1050-63. [PMID: 24470073 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The performance of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) is influenced by their tendency to generate supersaturated systems during dispersion and digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated the effect of drug loading on supersaturation during digestion of fenofibrate or danazol SEDDS, each formulated using long-chain lipids and a range of nonionic surfactants. Supersaturation was described by the maximum supersaturation ratio (SR(M) ) produced by in vitro digestion. This parameter was calculated as the ratio of the total concentration of drug present in the digestion vessel versus the drug solubility in the colloidal phases formed by digestion of the SEDDS. SR(M) proved to be a remarkable indicator of performance across a range of lipid-based formulations. SEDDS containing danazol showed little evidence of precipitation on digestion, even at drug loads approaching saturation in the formulation. In contrast, fenofibrate crystallized extensively on digestion of the corresponding series of SEDDS, depending on the drug loading. The difference was explained by the generation of higher SR(M) values by fenofibrate formulations. A threshold SR(M) of 2.5-2.6 was identified in six of the seven SEDDS. This is not a definitive threshold for precipitation, but in general when SR(M) is greater than 3, fenofibrate supersaturation could not be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Devraj
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Li Y, McClements DJ. Influence of non-ionic surfactant on electrostatic complexation of protein-coated oil droplets and ionic biopolymers (alginate and chitosan). Food Hydrocoll 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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48
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Yang Y, McClements DJ. Vitamin E bioaccessibility: Influence of carrier oil type on digestion and release of emulsified α-tocopherol acetate. Food Chem 2013; 141:473-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Quantitative analysis of the effect of triglyceride alkyl-chain length on the partitioning of highly lipophilic compounds to the mesenteric lymph in intestinal cells. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:937-46. [PMID: 24081442 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively clarify the effect of alky-chain length of a triglyceride in an emulsion on the partitioning of highly lipophilic compounds into the lymph fluid after their oral administration. Highly lipophilic anthraquinone derivatives were orally administered in emulsions to rats. Emulsions composed of long-, medium-, and short-chain triglycerides (LCT, MCT, and SCT emulsions, respectively) were used. The concentrations of the compounds in plasma and lymph fluid were periodically determined and their partitioning to the lymph was calculated using a mathematical model. Intestinal absorption of all compounds was enhanced and the plasma concentrations of the compounds were found to be in the following order: LCT emulsion > MCT emulsion > SCT emulsion. The amounts of each compound recovered in the lymph were not in agreement with their lipophilicity. Quantitative analysis revealed that the partitioning of the compounds to the lymph may be determined by the solubility of the compound in the triglyceride in the form of an emulsion and the amount of triglyceride transferred to the lymph fluid. These results suggest a possibility that the amount of a compound absorbed via the lymph route after oral administration can be quantitatively controlled by the formulations.
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Hackett MJ, Zaro JL, Shen WC, Guley PC, Cho MJ. Fatty acids as therapeutic auxiliaries for oral and parenteral formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1331-9. [PMID: 22921839 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many drugs have decreased therapeutic activity due to issues with absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The co-formulation or covalent attachment of drugs with fatty acids has demonstrated some capacity to overcome these issues by improving intestinal permeability, slowing clearance and binding serum proteins for selective tissue uptake and metabolism. For orally administered drugs, albeit at low level of availability, the presence of fatty acids and triglycerides in the intestinal lumen may promote intestinal uptake of small hydrophilic molecules. Small lipophilic drugs or acylated hydrophilic drugs also show increased lymphatic uptake and enhanced passive diffusional uptake. Fatty acid conjugation of small and large proteins or peptides has exhibited protracted plasma half-lives, site-specific delivery and sustained release upon parenteral administration. These improvements are most likely due to associations with lipid-binding serum proteins, namely albumin, LDL and HDL. These molecular interactions, although not fully characterized, could provide the ability of using the endogenous carrier systems for improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hackett
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, USA
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