1
|
Kesharwani SS, Ibrahim F. A Combined In-Vitro and GastroPlus® Modeling to Study the Effect of Intestinal Precipitation on Cinnarizine Plasma Profile in a Fasted State. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:121. [PMID: 37173520 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble weak base molecules such as cinnarizine often exhibit pH-dependent solubility within the gastrointestinal tract. This means that their solubility can be influenced by the pH of the surrounding environment, and this can affect their oral absorption. The differential pH solubility between the fasted-state stomach and intestine is an important consideration when studying the oral absorption of cinnarizine. Cinnarizine has moderate permeability and is known to exhibit supersaturation and precipitation in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF), which can significantly impact its oral absorption. The present work is aimed at studying the precipitation behavior of cinnarizine in FaSSIF using biorelevant in vitro tools and GastroPlus® modeling, to identify the factors contributing to the observed variability in clinical plasma profiles. The study found that cinnarizine demonstrated variable precipitation rates under different bile salt concentrations, which could impact the concentration of the drug available for absorption. The results also showed that a precipitation-integrated modeling approach accurately predicted the mean plasma profiles from the clinical studies. The study concluded that intestinal precipitation may be one of the factors contributing to the observed variability in Cmax but not the AUC of cinnarizine. The study further suggests that the integration of experimental precipitation results representing a wider range of FaSSIF conditions would increase the probability of predicting some of the observed variability in clinical results. This is important for biopharmaceutics scientists, as it can help them evaluate the risk of in vivo precipitation impacting drug and/or drug product performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth S Kesharwani
- US Early Development Biopharmacy, Synthetics Platform, Sanofi, 350 Water Street, MA, 02141, Cambridge, USA
| | - Fady Ibrahim
- US Early Development Biopharmacy, Synthetics Platform, Sanofi, 350 Water Street, MA, 02141, Cambridge, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Caleffi-Marchesini ER, Borghi-Pangoni FB, Macente J, Chiamulera-Mantovani P, Mazucheli J, Cristofoletti R, Diniz A. Exploring in vitro solubility of lamotrigine in physiologically mimetic conditions to prospect the in vivo dissolution in pediatric population. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:147-156. [PMID: 36951570 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric drugs knowledge still leaves several gaps to be filled, all the while many biopharmaceutic properties applied to adults do not work in pediatrics. The solubility in many cases is extrapolated to pediatrics; however, sometimes it may not represent the real scenario. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the possibility of the extrapolation of the solubility data assumed for adults to children aged 2-12 years using lamotrigine (LTG) as a model. LTG showed that its solubility is dependent on the pH of the medium, no precipitate formation was seen, and biomimetic media showed a greater capacity to solubilize it. Based on the dose number (D0 ) in adults, the LTG was soluble in acidic pH media and poorly soluble in neutral to basic. Similar behavior was found in conditions which mimic children aged 10-12 years at a dose of 5 and 15 mg/kg. The D0 for 5-year-old children at a dose of 15 mg/kg showed different behaviors between biorelevant and pharmacopeial buffers media. For children aged 2-3 years, LTG appeared to be poorly soluble under both gastric and intestinal conditions. Solubility was dependent on the volume of fluid calculated for each age group, and this may impact the development of better pharmaceutical formulations for this population, better pharmacokinetic predictions in tools as PBPK, and physiologically-based biopharmaceutics modeling, greater accuracy in the justifications for biowaiver, and many other possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Macente
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, State University of Maringá, Maringa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Priscila Chiamulera-Mantovani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, State University of Maringá, Maringa, Paraná, Brazil
- Prati, Donaduzzi Pharmaceutical Industry, Toledo, Brazil
| | - Josmar Mazucheli
- Biostatistics Postgraduate Program, State University of Maringá, Maringa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Andréa Diniz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, State University of Maringá, Maringa, Paraná, Brazil
- Biostatistics Postgraduate Program, State University of Maringá, Maringa, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stamatopoulos K, Ferrini P, Nguyen D, Zhang Y, Butler JM, Hall J, Mistry N. Integrating In Vitro Biopharmaceutics into Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutic Model (PBBM) to Predict Food Effect of BCS IV Zwitterionic Drug (GSK3640254). Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020521. [PMID: 36839843 PMCID: PMC9965536 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A strategy followed to integrate in vitro solubility and permeability data into a PBBM model to predict the food effect of a BCS IV zwitterionic drug (GSK3640254) observed in clinical studies is described. The PBBM model was developed, qualified and verified using clinical data of an immediate release (IR)-tablet (10-320 mg) obtained in healthy volunteers under fasted and fed conditions. The solubility of GSK3640254 was a function of its ionization state, the media composition and pH, whereas its permeability determined using MDCK cell lines was enhanced by the presence of mixed micelles. In vitro data alongside PBBM modelling suggested that the positive food effect observed in the clinical studies was attributed to micelle-mediated enhanced solubility and permeability. The biorelevant media containing oleic acid and cholesterol in fasted and fed levels enabled the model to appropriately capture the magnitude of the food effect. Thus, by using Simcyp® v20 software, the PBBM model accurately predicted the results of the food effect and predicted data were within a two-fold error with 70% being within 1.25-fold. The developed model strategy can be effectively adopted to increase the confidence of using PBBM models to predict the food effect of BCS class IV drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Stamatopoulos
- Biopharmaceutics, DPD, MDS, GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Ferrini
- Analytical Platform and Platform Modernisation, Analytical Development, DPD, MDS, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Dung Nguyen
- IVIVT DMPK Research, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Modeling and Simulation, GSK, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - James M. Butler
- Biopharmaceutics, DPD, MDS, GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Jon Hall
- Analytical Development, MDS, GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Nena Mistry
- Biopharmaceutics, DPD, MDS, GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Csicsák D, Szolláth R, Kádár S, Ambrus R, Bartos C, Balogh E, Antal I, Köteles I, Tőzsér P, Bárdos V, Horváth P, Borbás E, Takács-Novák K, Sinkó B, Völgyi G. The Effect of the Particle Size Reduction on the Biorelevant Solubility and Dissolution of Poorly Soluble Drugs with Different Acid-Base Character. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010278. [PMID: 36678907 PMCID: PMC9865396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Particle size reduction is a commonly used process to improve the solubility and the dissolution of drug formulations. The solubility of a drug in the gastrointestinal tract is a crucial parameter, because it can greatly influence the bioavailability. This work provides a comprehensive investigation of the effect of the particle size, pH, biorelevant media and polymers (PVA and PVPK-25) on the solubility and dissolution of drug formulations using three model compounds with different acid-base characteristics (papaverine hydrochloride, furosemide and niflumic acid). It was demonstrated that micronization does not change the equilibrium solubility of a drug, but it results in a faster dissolution. In contrast, nanonization can improve the equilibrium solubility of a drug, but the selection of the appropriate excipient used for nanonization is essential, because out of the two used polymers, only the PVPK-25 had an increasing effect on the solubility. This phenomenon can be explained by the molecular structure of the excipients. Based on laser diffraction measurements, PVPK-25 could also inhibit the aggregation of the particles more effectively than PVA, but none of the polymers could hold the nanonized samples in the submicron range until the end of the measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Csicsák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Szolláth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabina Kádár
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös Street, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Bartos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös Street, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Balogh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Köteles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Tőzsér
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Bárdos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Takács-Novák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Sinkó
- Pion Inc., 10 Cook Street, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Gergely Völgyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jara MO, Warnken ZN, Sahakijpijarn S, Thakkar R, Kulkarni VR, Christensen DJ, Koleng JJ, Williams RO 3rd. Oral Delivery of Niclosamide as an Amorphous Solid Dispersion That Generates Amorphous Nanoparticles during Dissolution. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36559062 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Niclosamide is an FDA-approved anthelmintic that is being studied in clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic and broad-spectrum antiviral. Additionally, several other applications are currently in the preclinical stage. Unfortunately, niclosamide is a poorly water soluble molecule, with reduced oral bioavailability, which hinders its use for new indications. Moreover, niclosamide is a poor glass former; in other words, the molecule has a high tendency to recrystallize, and it is virtually impossible to generate a stable amorphous solid employing the neat molecule. Previously, our group reported the development of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of niclosamide (niclosamide ASD) that generates nanoparticles during its dissolution, not only increasing niclosamide's apparent solubility from 6.6 ± 0.4 to 481.7 ± 22.2 µg/mL in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) but also its oral bioavailability 2.6-fold in Sprague-Dawley rats after being administered as a suspension. Nevertheless, niclosamide ASD undergoes recrystallization in acidic media, and an enteric oral dosage form is needed for its translation into the clinic. In this work, we further characterized the nanoparticles that generated during the dissolution of the niclosamide ASD. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) revealed that the nanoparticles were amorphous and had a particle size of ~150 nm. The oral dosage forms of niclosamide ASD were formulated using commercial enteric capsules (Capsuline® and EudracapTM) and as enteric-coated tablets. The enteric dosage forms were tested using pH-shift dissolution and acid-uptake tests, using the USP type II dissolution apparatus and the disintegration apparatus, respectively. The capsules exhibited a higher percentage of weight gain, and visual rupture of the Capsuline capsules was observed. Eudracap capsules protected the formulation from the acidic media, but polymer gelling and the formation of a nondispersible plug were noted during dissolution testing. In contrast, enteric-coated tablets protected the formulation from acid ingress and maintained the performance of niclosamide ASD granules during dissolution in FaSSIF media. These enteric-coated tablets were administered to beagle dogs at a niclosamide dose of 75 mg/kg, resulting in plasma concentrations of niclosamide higher than those reported in the literature using solubilized niclosamide at a higher dose (i.e., 100 mg/kg). In summary, an enteric oral dosage form of niclosamide ASD was formulated without hindering the generation of nanoparticles while maintaining the increase in the niclosamide's apparent solubility. The enteric-coated tablets successfully increased the niclosamide plasma levels in dogs when compared to a niclosamide solution prepared using organic solvents.
Collapse
|
6
|
Eason T, Ramirez G, Clulow AJ, Salim M, Boyd BJ. Revisiting the Dissolution of Praziquantel in Biorelevant Media and the Impact of Digestion of Milk on Drug Dissolution. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36297662 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Praziquantel is a poorly water-soluble drug used to treat parasitic infections. Previous studies have suggested that its rate and extent of dissolution in milk and biorelevant media are slow and limited compared to dissolution in the pharmacopoeial-recommended medium, despite being reported as displaying a positive food effect upon administration. This study aimed to revisit the dissolution of praziquantel in biorelevant media and milk to better understand this apparent dichotomy. The context of digestion was introduced to better understand drug solubilisation under more relevant gastrointestinal conditions. The amount of praziquantel solubilised in the various media during digestion was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the kinetics of dissolution were confirmed by tracking the disappearance of solid crystalline drug using in situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). For the dissolution media, where sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is typically included as a wetting agent, a prominent effect of SLS on drug dissolution was also apparent where >2.5 fold more drug was solubilised in SLS-containing dissolution medium compared to that without (0.1 M HCl only). In milk, significant dissolution of praziquantel was observed only during digestion and not during dispersion, hence suggesting that (1) milk can be potentially administered with praziquantel to improve oral bioavailability and (2) incorporating a digestion step into existing in vitro dissolution testing can better reflect the potential for a positive food effect when lipids are present.
Collapse
|
7
|
Manousi N, Karavasili C, Fatouros DG, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Development and Validation of an HPLC-UV Method for the Dissolution Studies of 3D-Printed Paracetamol Formulations in Milk-Containing Simulated Gastrointestinal Media. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060755. [PMID: 35745674 PMCID: PMC9230883 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a simple and rapid HPLC method for the determination of paracetamol milk-containing biorelevant media is proposed. The separation of the analyte from the milk-containing biorelevant media was accomplished isocratically using a mobile phase containing 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH = 3.0) and methanol, 80:20, v/v at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. Following a protein precipitation-based sample clean-up, a thorough investigation of the effect of the precipitation reagent (methanol, acetonitrile, 10% v/v trifluoroacetic acid solution) on the analyte recovery was performed. The matrix effect was assessed in each biorelevant medium by comparing the slopes of the calibration curves of aqueous and matrix-matched calibration curves. The method was comprehensively validated using the accuracy profiles. The β-expectation tolerance intervals did not exceed the acceptance criteria of ±15%, meaning that 95% of future results will be included in the defined bias limits. The relative bias ranged between −4.5 and +3.9% for all analytes, while the RSD values for repeatability and intermediate precision were less than 2.7% and 3.0%, respectively. The achieved limit of detection (LOD) was 0.02 μg mL−1 and the lower limits of quantitation (LLOQ) were established as 10 μg mL−1, which corresponded to 2% of the highest expected concentration of paracetamol. The proposed scheme was utilized for the determination of paracetamol in dissolution studies of its 3D-printed formulation in milk-containing biorelevant media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.); (D.G.F.)
| | - Dimitrios G. Fatouros
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.); (D.G.F.)
| | - Paraskevas D. Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310997663
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shah B, Dong X. Design and Evaluation of Two-Step Biorelevant Dissolution Methods for Docetaxel Oral Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:113. [PMID: 35441281 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolution is a pivotal tool for oral formulations. Dissolution could be used to either reduce the risk of product failure through quality control or predict and understand in vivo performance of drug formulations. The latter is always challenging because multiple factors such as selection of media, gastrointestinal components, physiological factors, consideration of fasted and fed state are involved. Previously published dissolution methods such as one-step dissolution in individual simulated gastric fluid, simulated intestinal fluid, or phosphate buffer saline did not signify the realistic gastrointestinal transit effect. Docetaxel (DTX), a poorly water-soluble drug, is commercially available only as injectable dosage forms, and thus many publications studied the development of oral DTX formulations. In our previous report, we developed oral lipid-based DTX granules that showed higher oral absorption in rats compared to DTX powder. However, one-step dissolution in simulated gastric fluid showed no difference between DTX granules and DTX powder. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop new two-step biorelevant dissolution methods for DTX oral formulations. In the study, new two-step biorelevant dissolution methods in fasted or fed states with pancreatin were developed and compared with other previously reported dissolution methods. The new two-step biorelevant dissolution methods successfully discriminated the difference of dissolution between DTX granules and DTX powder, which reflected the in vivo difference of absorption of these two formulations. Moreover, food effects were confirmed for DTX. The new dissolution methods have the potential to be used to predict and understand in vivo performance of oral solid dosage forms.
Collapse
|
9
|
Van Duong T, Ni Z, Taylor LS. Phase Behavior and Crystallization Kinetics of a Poorly Water-Soluble Weakly Basic Drug as a Function of Supersaturation and Media Composition. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1146-1159. [PMID: 35319221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the supersaturation and precipitation behavior of poorly water-soluble compounds in vivo and the impact on oral absorption is critical to design consistently performing products with optimized bioavailability. Weakly basic compounds are of particular importance in this context since they have an inherent tendency to undergo supersaturation in vivo upon exit from the stomach and entry into the small intestine because of their pH-dependent solubility. To understand and probe potential in vivo variability of supersaturating systems, rigorous understanding of compound physical properties and phase behavior landscape is essential. Herein, we extensively characterize the solution phase behavior of a model, poorly soluble and weakly basic compound, posaconazole. Phase boundaries for crystal-solution and amorphous-solution were established as a function of pH, allowing possible phase transformations, namely, crystallization or liquid-liquid phase separation, to be mapped for different initial doses and fluid volumes. Endogenous surfactants including sodium taurocholate, lecithin, glycerol monooleate, and sodium oleate in biorelevant media significantly extended the phase boundaries due to solubilization, to an extent that was dependent on the concentration of the surface-active agents. The nucleation induction time of posaconazole was much shorter in biorelevant media in comparison to the corresponding buffer solution, with two distinct regions observed in all media that could be attributed to a change in the nucleation mechanism at high and low supersaturation. The presence of undissolved nanocrystals accelerated the desupersaturation. This work enhances our understanding of biorelevant factors impacting precipitation kinetics, which might affect absorption in vivo. It is expected that findings from this study with posaconazole could be broadly applicable to other weakly basic compounds, after taking into consideration differences in pKa, solubility, and molecular structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhanglin Ni
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wilkins CA, du Plessis LH, Viljoen JM. Investigating In Vitro and Ex Vivo Properties of Artemether/Lumefantrine Double-Fixed Dose Combination Lipid Matrix Tablets Prepared by Hot Fusion. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:922. [PMID: 34206248 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly lipophilic antimalarial drugs, artemether and lumefantrine, whilst an effective fixed-dose combination treatment to lower the malarial disease burden, are therapeutically hindered by low aqueous solubility and varied bioavailability. This work investigates the plausibility of directly compressed lipid matrix tablets, their role as lipid-based formulations and their future standing as drug delivery systems. Lipid matrix tablets were manufactured from solid lipid dispersions in various lipid:drug ratios employing hot fusion—the melt mixing of highly lipophilic drugs with polymer(s). Sequential biorelevant dissolution media, multiple mathematical models and ex vivo analysis utilizing porcine tissue samples were employed to assess drug release kinetics and more accurately predict in vitro performance. Directly compressed stearic acid tablets in a 0.5:1 lipid:drug ratio were deemed optimal within investigated parameters. Biorelevant media was of immense value for artemether release analysis, with formulation SA0.5C1 (Stearic Acid:double fixed dose in a 0.5:1 ratio (i.e., Stearic acid 70 mg + Lumefantrine 120 mg + Artemether 20 mg); CombiLac® as filler (q.s.); and 1% w/w magnesium stearate) yielding a higher percentage of artemether release (97.21%) than the commercially available product, Coartem® (86.12%). However, dissolution media lacked the specificity to detect lumefantrine. Nonetheless, stearic acid lipid:drug ratios governed drug release mechanisms. This work demonstrates the successful utilization of lipids as pharmaceutical excipients, particularly in the formulation of lipid matrix tablets to augment the dissolution of highly lipophilic drugs, and could thus potentially improve current malarial treatment regimens.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ilie AR, Griffin BT, Vertzoni M, Kuentz M, Cuyckens F, Wuyts K, Kolakovic R, Holm R. Toward simplified oral lipid-based drug delivery using mono-/di-glycerides as single component excipients. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:2051-2060. [PMID: 33124918 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1843475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically explore compositional effects for a series of lipid systems, on the in vitro drug solubilization and in vivo bioavailability of three poorly water-soluble drugs with different physico-chemical properties. SIGNIFICANCE While many lipid-based drug products have successfully reached the market, there is still a level of uncertainty on the design guidelines for such drug products with limited understanding on the influence of composition on in vitro and in vivo performance. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipid-based drug delivery systems were prepared using either single excipient systems based on partially digested triglycerides (i.e. mono- and/or di-glycerides) or increasingly complex systems by incorporating surfactants and/or triglycerides. These lipid systems were evaluated for both in vitro and in vivo behavior. Results indicated that simple single component long chain lipid systems are more beneficial for the absorption of the weak acid celecoxib and the weak base cinnarizine compared to equivalent single component medium chain lipid systems. Similarly, a two-component system produced by incorporating small amount of hydrophilic surfactant yields similar overall pharmacokinetic effects. The lipid drug delivery systems based on medium chain lipid excipients improved the in vivo exposure of the neutral drug JNJ-2A. The higher in vivo bioavailability of long chain lipid systems compared to medium chain lipid systems was in agreement with in vitro dilution and dispersion studies for celecoxib and cinnarizine. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the benefits of using mono-/di-glycerides as single component excipients in LBDDS to streamline formulation screening and improve oral bioavailability for the three tested poorly water-soluble drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Roxana Ilie
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Filip Cuyckens
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Koen Wuyts
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ruzica Kolakovic
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium.,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Campos DP, Silva-Barcellos NM, Marinho FDM, Barbosa GX, Lana VLVV, de Souza J. A sustainable UPLC-UV method for quantification of donepezil hydrochloride in biorelevant media applied to dissolution profile comparison. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1578-1588. [PMID: 32808565 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1810266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Donepezil hydrochloride is one of the most prescribed anti-Alzheimer's drugs, despite being available for more than two decades, chromatographic methods for the quantification of the drug in biorelevant media that mimics pH physiological conditions in vivo (pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8) are not available in the literature. These media are used in the dissolution test, an important tool, for registration and quality control of medicines. Considering the need for methods with this purpose, this work aimed to develop and validate a sustainable UPLC-UV method for quantification of donepezil hydrochloride in tablets, specifically on assay and dissolution profile, with reduced environmental impacts. The proposed method has a run time of 2 min and requires for each run, only 0.8 mL of solvents, providing excellent green analysis. The method proved to be selective, linear, precise, accurate, robust in the range of 2-14 µg/mL. Three products (reference, similar, and generic) were analyzed and showed very rapid dissolution. The average content varied from 100.2 ± 0.6% to 109.5 ± 2.1%. Using dissolution efficiency (DE), the drug release profiles were compared in different biorelevant media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Priscila de Campos
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacqueline de Souza
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh M, Singh D, Mahajan S, Sheikh BA, Bedi N. Polymeric Precipitation Inhibitor Assisted Supersaturable SMEDDS of Efavirenz Based on Experimental Observations and Molecular Mechanics. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:513-530. [PMID: 32735521 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200731165508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supersaturable SMEDDS, a versatile dosage form, was investigated for improving the biopharmaceutical attributes and eradicating the food effect of poorly water soluble drug efavirenz. OBJECTIVE The present research pursues the development of efavirenz loaded Supersaturable Self- Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SS SMEDDS) for improving biopharmaceutical performance. METHODS Preformulation studies were carried out to determine the optimized range of lipid excipients to develop stable supersaturated SMEDDS (ST SMEDDS). The SS SMEDD formulation was prepared by adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a polymeric precipitation inhibitor. The developed SS SMEDDS were evaluated for supersaturation behavior by performing in vitro supersaturation studies and molecular simulations by in silico docking. Dissolution was performed in biorelevant media to simulate fed/fasted conditions in gastrointestinal regions. Absorption behavior was determined through in vivo pharmacokinetics approach. RESULTS The optimized ST SMEDDS formulation containing Maisine® CC, Tween 80 and Transcutol-P exhibited thermodynamic stability with quick rate of emulsification. The optimized SS SMEDDS containing suitable polymeric precipitation inhibitor exhibited enhanced efavirenz concentration in in vitro supersaturation test. The theoretical simulations by molecular docking revealed strong intermolecular interactions with a docking score of -3.004 KJ/mol. The dissolution performance of marketed product in biorelevant dissolution media inferred the existence of food effect in the dissolution of efavirenz. However, in SS SMEDDS, no significant differences in drug release behavior under different fasted/fed conditions signify that the food effect was neutralized. In vivo pharmacokinetics revealed a significant increase in the absorption profile of efavirenz from SS SMEDDS than that of ST SMEDDS and marketed product. CONCLUSION The designed delivery system indicated promising results in developing an effectual EFV formulation for HIV treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Sundar Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Bilal Ahmed Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bukhovets AV, Fotaki N, Khutoryanskiy VV, Moustafine RI. Interpolymer Complexes of Eudragit ® Copolymers as Novel Carriers for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071459. [PMID: 32629765 PMCID: PMC7407155 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpolymer complexes (IPC) based on Eudragit® EPO and Eudragit® S100 were investigated as potential carriers for oral controlled drug delivery to the colon. IPC samples were prepared by mixing copolymer solutions in organic solvents (ethanol, isopropanol:acetone mixture (60:40, % v/v) and tetrahydrofuran). According to the data of elemental analysis, FTIR-spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermal analysis these IPCs have excess of anionic copolymer (Eudragit® S100) in their structure; they are stabilized by hydrogen and ionic intermacromolecular bonds and do not include free copolymer domains. IPC have pH-independent swelling properties in the media mimicking gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions and provide colon-specific delivery of indomethacin in buffer solutions (pH 1.2; 5.8; 6.8; 7.4) and in biorelevant media (fasted state simulated gastric fluid, fasted state simulated intestinal fluid—version 2 and fasted stated simulated colonic fluid).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V. Bukhovets
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.B.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.B.); (V.V.K.)
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG66AD, UK
| | - Rouslan I. Moustafine
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.B.); (V.V.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-843-252-1642
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Denninger A, Westedt U, Rosenberg J, Wagner KG. A Rational Design of a Biphasic DissolutionSetup-Modelling of Biorelevant Kinetics for a Ritonavir Hot-Melt Extruded Amorphous Solid Dispersion. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E237. [PMID: 32155962 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphasic dissolution systems achieved good predictability for the in vivo performance of several formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs by characterizing dissolution, precipitation, re-dissolution, and absorption. To achieve a high degree of predictive performance, acceptor media, aqueous phase composition, and the apparatus type have to be carefully selected. Hence, a combination of 1-decanol and an optimized buffer system are proposed as a new, one-vessel biphasic dissolution method (BiPHa+). The BiPHa+ was developed to combine the advantages of the well-described biorelevance of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatus II coupled with USP apparatus IV and a small-scale, one-vessel method. The BiPHa+ was designed for automated medium addition and pH control of the aqueous phase. In combination with the diode array UV-spectrophotometer, the system was able to determine the aqueous and the organic medium simultaneously, even if scattering or overlapping of spectra occurred. At controlled hydrodynamic conditions, the relative absorption area, the ratio between the organic and aqueous phase, and the selected drug concentrations were identified to be the discriminating factors. The performance of a hot-melt extruded ritonavir-containing amorphous solid dispersion (ritonavir-ASD) was compared in fasted-state dissolution media leading to different dissolution-partitioning profiles depending on the content of bile salts. An advanced kinetic model for ASD-based well described all phenomena from dispersing of the ASD to the partitioning of the dissolved ritonavir into the organic phase.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mantas A, Petit MA, Mihranyan A. Directly Compressed Tablets of Free Acid Ibuprofen with Nanocellulose Featuring Enhanced Dissolution: A Side-by-Side Comparison with Commercial Oral Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12010071. [PMID: 31963396 PMCID: PMC7023118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that heated powder mixtures of ibuprofen (IBU) and high surface area nanocellulose exhibit an enhanced dissolution and solubility of the drug due to IBU amorphization. The goal of the present work was to further elaborate the concept and conduct side-by-side in vitro drug release comparisons with commercial formulations, including film-coated tablets, soft gel liquid capsules, and IBU-lysine conjugate tablets, in biorelevant media. Directly compressed tablets were produced from heated mixtures of 20% w/w IBU and high surface area Cladophora cellulose (CLAD), with 5% w/w sodium croscarmelose (AcDiSol) as superdisintegrant. The side-by side studies in simulated gastric fluid, fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid, and fed-state simulated intestinal fluid corroborate that the IBU-CLAD tablets show more rapid and less variable release in various media compared to three commercial IBU formulations. On the sidelines of the main work, a possibility of the presence of a new meta-crystalline form of IBU in mixture with nanocellulose is discussed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chegireddy M, Hanegave GK, Lakshman D, Urazov A, Sree KN, Lewis SA, Dengale SJ. The Significance of Utilizing In Vitro Transfer Model and Media Selection to Study the Dissolution Performance of Weak Ionizable Bases: Investigation Using Saquinavir as a Model Drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:47. [PMID: 31900686 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the dissolution behavior of BCS class II ionizable weak base Saquinavir and its mesylate salt in the multi-compartment transfer setup employing different composition of dissolution media. The dissolution behavior of Saquinavir was studied by using a two-compartment transfer model representing the transfer of drug from the stomach (donor compartment) to the upper intestine (acceptor compartment). Various buffers like phosphate, bicarbonate, FaSSIF, and FeSSIF were employed. The dissolution was also studied in the concomitant presence of the additional solute, i.e., Quercetin. Further, the dissolution profiles of Saquinavir and its mesylate salt were simulated by GastroPlusTM, and the simulated dissolution profiles were compared against the experimental ones. The formation of in situ HCl salt and water-soluble amorphous phosphate aggregates was confirmed in the donor and acceptor compartments of the transfer setup, respectively. As the consequence of the lower solubility product of HCl salt of Saquinavir, the solubility advantage of mesylate salt was vanished leading to the lower than the predicted dissolution in the acceptor compartment. However, the formation of water-soluble aggregates in the presence of the phosphate salts was observed leading to the higher than the predicted dissolution of the free base in the transfer setup. Interestingly, the formation of such water-soluble aggregates was found to be hindered in the concomitant presence of an ionic solute resulting in the lower dissolution rates. The in situ generation of salts and aggregates in the transfer model lead to the inconsistent prediction of dissolution profiles by GastroPlusTM.
Collapse
|
18
|
Krishna VM, Kumar VB, Dudhipala N. In-situ Intestinal Absorption and Pharmacokinetic Investigations of Carvedilol Loaded Supersaturated Self-emulsifying Drug System. Pharm Nanotechnol 2020; 8:207-224. [PMID: 32416685 DOI: 10.2174/2211738508666200517121637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carvedilol (CD), a non-selective beta-blocker, is indicated for the management of mild to moderate congestive heart failure. After oral administration, CD is rapidly absorbed with an absolute bioavailability of 18-25% because of low solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism. OBJECTIVE The present investigation focused on enhanced oral delivery of CD using supersaturated self-emulsifying drug delivery (SEDDS) system. METHODS Optimized SEDDS consisted of a blend of Oleic acid and Labrafil-M2125 as an oil-phase, Cremophor-RH40, polyethylene glycol-400 and HPMC-E5 as a surfactant, co-surfactant and supersaturation promoter respectively. Formulations were characterized for physical characteristics, invitro release in simulated and biorelevant dissolution media, intestinal permeability and bioavailability studies in Wistar rats. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were used to confirm the crystalline nature and shape of the optimized formulation. RESULTS DSC and XRD, SEM studies showed that the drug was in amorphous form, and droplets were spherical in shape. Dissolution studies clearly showed distinct CD release in compendial and biorelevant dissolution media. The results from permeability and in-vivo studies depicted 2.2-folds and 3.2-folds increase in permeability and bioavailability, respectively from supersaturated SEDDS in comparison with control. CONCLUSION The results conclusively confirmed that the SEDDS formulation could be considered as a new alternative delivery vehicle for the oral supply of CD. Lay Summary: Carvedilol (CD) is a non-selective antihypertensive drug with poor oral bioavailability. Previously, various lipid delivery systems were reported with enhanced oral delivery. We developed suprsaturable SEDDS formulation with immediate onset of action. SEDDS formulation was developed and optimized as per the established protocols. The optimized SEDDS formulation was stable over three months and converted to solid and supersaturated SEDDS. The results from permeability and in-vivo studies demonstrated an enhancement in permeability and bioavailability from supersaturated SEDDS in comparison with control. The results conclusively confirmed that the SEDDS formulation could be considered as a new alternative delivery vehicle for the oral administration of CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi M Krishna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jangaon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jangaon, Warangal, Telangana 506167, India
| | - Vijaya B Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jangaon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jangaon, Warangal, Telangana 506167, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Elkhabaz A, Moseson DE, Brouwers J, Augustijns P, Taylor LS. Interplay of Supersaturation and Solubilization: Lack of Correlation between Concentration-Based Supersaturation Measurements and Membrane Transport Rates in Simulated and Aspirated Human Fluids. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:5042-5053. [PMID: 31638397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Supersaturating formulations are increasingly being used to improve the absorption of orally administered poorly water-soluble drugs. To better predict outcomes in vivo, we must be able to accurately determine the degree of supersaturation in complex media designed to provide a surrogate for the gastrointestinal environment. Herein, we demonstrate that relying on measurements based on consideration of the total dissolved concentration leads to underestimation of supersaturation and consequently membrane transport rates. Crystalline and amorphous solubilities of two compounds, atazanavir and posaconazole, were evaluated in six different media. Concurrently, diffusive flux measurements were performed in a side-by-side diffusion cell to determine the activity-based supersaturation by evaluating membrane transport rates at the crystalline and amorphous solubilities. Solubility values were found to vary in each medium because of different solubilization capacities. Concentration-based supersaturation ratios were also found to vary for the different media. Activity-based measurements, however, were largely independent of the medium, leading to relatively constant values for the estimated supersaturation. These findings have important consequences for modeling and prediction of supersaturation impact on the absorption rate as well as for better defining the thermodynamic driving force for crystallization in complex media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkhabaz
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- Drug Delivery and Disposition , KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 , Belgium
| | | | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maeng HJ, Yoon JH, Chun KH, Kim ST, Jang DJ, Park JE, Kim YH, Kim SB, Kim YC. Metabolic Stability of D-Allulose in Biorelevant Media and Hepatocytes: Comparison with Fructose and Erythritol. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100448. [PMID: 31581594 PMCID: PMC6835332 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
D-allulose, a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, is a rare monosaccharide used as a food ingredient or a sweetener. In the present study, the in vitro metabolic stability of D-allulose was examined in biorelevant media, that is, simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) containing digestive enzymes, and in cryopreserved human and rat hepatocytes. The hepatocyte metabolic stabilities of D-allulose were also investigated and compared with those of fructose and erythritol (a sugar-alcohol with no calorific value). D-allulose was highly stable in SGF (97.8% remained after 60 min) and in FaSSIF (101.3% remained after 240 min), indicating it is neither pH-labile nor degraded in the gastrointestinal tract. D-allulose also exhibited high levels of stability in human and rat hepatocytes (94.5–96.8% remained after 240 min), whereas fructose was rapidly metabolized (43.1–52.6% remained), which suggested these two epimers are metabolized in completely different ways in the liver. The effects of D-allulose on glucose and fructose levels were negligible in hepatocytes. Erythritol was stable in human and rat hepatocytes (102.1–102.9% remained after 240 min). Intravenous pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed D-allulose was eliminated with a mean half-life of 72.2 min and a systemic clearance of 15.8 mL/min/kg. Taken together, our results indicate that D-allulose is not metabolized in the liver, and thus, unlikely to contribute to hepatic energy production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Dong-Jin Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Food Research Institute, CJ CheilJedang Corp., Suwon 16495, Korea.
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Food Research Institute, CJ CheilJedang Corp., Suwon 16495, Korea.
| | - Seong-Bo Kim
- Food Research Institute, CJ CheilJedang Corp., Suwon 16495, Korea.
| | - Yu Chul Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bertoni S, Albertini B, Facchini C, Prata C, Passerini N. Glutathione-Loaded Solid Lipid Microparticles as Innovative Delivery System for Oral Antioxidant Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080364. [PMID: 31357663 PMCID: PMC6723327 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a novel formulation containing glutathione (GSH) as an oral antioxidant therapy for the treatment of oxidative stress-related intestinal diseases. To this purpose, solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) with Dynasan 114 and a mixture of Dynasan 114 and Dynasan 118 were produced by spray congealing technology. The obtained SLMs had main particle sizes ranging from 250 to 355 µm, suitable for oral administration. GSH was efficiently loaded into the SLMs at 5% or 20% w/w and the encapsulation process did not modify its chemico-physical properties, as demonstrated by FT-IR, DSC and HSM analysis. Moreover, in vitro release studies using biorelevant media showed that Dynasan 114-based SLMs could efficiently release GSH in various intestinal fluids, while 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay demonstrated the good radical scavenging activity of this formulation. Dynasan 114-based SLMs exhibited an excellent biocompatibility on intestinal HT-29 cells at concentrations up to 2000 μg/mL. SLMs containing GSH alone or together with another antioxidant agent (catalase) were effective in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Overall, this study indicated that spray congealed SLMs are a promising oral drug delivery system for the encapsulation of one or more biological antioxidant agents for local intestinal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bertoni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Facchini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Verma R, Kaushik D. In vitro Lipolysis as a Tool for the Establishment of IVIVC for Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:688-697. [PMID: 31250755 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190620115716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro lipolysis has emerged as a powerful tool in the development of in vitro in vivo correlation for Lipid-based Drug Delivery System (LbDDS). In vitro lipolysis possesses the ability to mimic the assimilation of LbDDS in the human biological system. The digestion medium for in vitro lipolysis commonly contains an aqueous buffer media, bile salts, phospholipids and sodium chloride. The concentrations of these compounds are defined by the physiological conditions prevailing in the fasted or fed state. The pH of the medium is monitored by a pH-sensitive electrode connected to a computercontrolled pH-stat device capable of maintaining a predefined pH value via titration with sodium hydroxide. Copenhagen, Monash and Jerusalem are used as different models for in vitro lipolysis studies. The most common approach used in evaluating the kinetics of lipolysis of emulsion-based encapsulation systems is the pH-stat titration technique. This is widely used in both the nutritional and the pharmacological research fields as a rapid screening tool. Analytical tools for the assessment of in vitro lipolysis include HPLC, GC, HPTLC, SEM, Cryo TEM, Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) for the characterization of the lipids and colloidal phases after digestion of lipids. Various researches have been carried out for the establishment of IVIVC by using in vitro lipolysis models. The current publication also presents an updated review of various researches in the field of in vitro lipolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arnold YE, Thorens J, Bernard S, Kalia YN. Drug Transport across Porcine Intestine Using an Ussing Chamber System: Regional Differences and the Effect of P-Glycoprotein and CYP3A4 Activity on Drug Absorption. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E139. [PMID: 30901927 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug absorption across viable porcine intestines was investigated using an Ussing chamber system. The apparent permeability coefficients, Papp,pig, were compared to the permeability coefficients determined in humans in vivo, Peff,human. Eleven drugs from the different Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) categories absorbed by passive diffusion with published Peff,human values were used to test the system. The initial experiments measured Papp,pig for each drug after application in a Krebs–Bicarbonate Ringer (KBR) buffer and in biorelevant media FaSSIF V2 and FeSSIF V2, mimicking fasted and fed states. Strong sigmoidal correlations were observed between Peff,human and Papp,pig. Differences in the segmental Papp,pig of antipyrine, cimetidine and metoprolol confirmed the discrimination between drug uptake in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (and colon); the results were in good agreement with human data in vivo. The presence of the P-gp inhibitor verapamil significantly increased Papp,pig across the ileum of the P-gp substrates cimetidine and ranitidine (p < 0.05). Clotrimazole, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, significantly increased Papp,pig of the CYP3A4 substrates midazolam, verapamil and tamoxifen and significantly decreased the formation of their main metabolites. In conclusion, the results showed that this is a robust technique to predict passive drug permeability under fasted and fed states, to identify regional differences in drug permeability and to demonstrate the activity of P-gp and CYP3A4.
Collapse
|
24
|
Mantas A, Mihranyan A. Immediate-Release Nifedipine Binary Dry Powder Mixtures with Nanocellulose Featuring Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution Rate. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E37. [PMID: 30669281 PMCID: PMC6359467 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nifedipine (NIF) is a 1,4-dihydropyridine-based calcium channel blocker with poor solubility, whose bioavailability is highly dependent on the type of formulation. Dry powder mixtures of 20% w/w NIF with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and its high surface area nanocellulose analogue, which is namely Cladophora (CLAD) cellulose, were produced by heating at the melting temperature of the drug for 1 h. Non-heated samples were used as a reference. The solid-state properties of the mixtures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The drug release was studied in biorelevant media, including simulated gastric fluid (SGF), fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSIF) and fed-state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSIF). An enhanced apparent solubility and faster dissolution rate of NIF were observed in the heated mixture of NIF with CLAD-H in all tested biorelevant media (i.e., SGF, FaSIF and FeSIF), which was due to NIF amorphization in the high surface area nanocellulose powder. Ordinary MCC, which is essentially non-porous, did not produce an enhancement of a similar magnitude. The results of the study suggest that dry powder formulation using high surface area nanocellulose is a facile new strategy for formulating calcium channel blocker drugs, which could potentially be a viable alternative to currently used soft gel liquid capsules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Mantas
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kesisoglou F, Vertzoni M, Reppas C. Physiologically Based Absorption Modeling of Salts of Weak Bases Based on Data in Hypochlorhydric and Achlorhydric Biorelevant Media. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2851-2858. [PMID: 29872977 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically based absorption modeling has been attracting increased attention to study the interactions of weakly basic drug compounds with acid-reducing agents like proton-pump inhibitors and H2 blockers. Recently, standardized gastric and intestinal biorelevant media to simulate the achlorhydric and hypochlorhydric stomach were proposed and solubility and dissolution data for two model compounds were generated. In the current manuscript, for the first time, we report the utility of these recently proposed biorelevant media as input into physiologically based absorption modeling. Where needed, data collected with the biorelevant gastrointestinal transfer (BioGIT) system were used for informing the simulations in regard to the precipitation kinetics. Using two model compounds, a HCl salt and a semi-fumarate co-crystal which as expected dissolve to a greater extent in these media (and in gastric and intestinal human aspirates) compared to what the pH-solubility profile of the free form would suggest, we demonstrate successful description of the plasma concentration profiles and correctly predicted the lack of significant interaction after administration with pantoprazole or famotidine, respectively. Thus, the data reported in this manuscript represent an initial step towards defining biorelevant input for such simulations on interactions with acid-reducing agents.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sodhi I, Sangamwar AT. Microarray Plate Method for Estimation of Precipitation Kinetics of Celecoxib under Biorelevant Conditions and Precipitate Characterization. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2423-2436. [PMID: 29746138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Study methodologies of supersaturated state are fast developing as pharmaceutical industry is adopting supersaturating drug delivery systems (SDDS) to overcome the solubility issue of drugs. The "parachute" of sobriquet "spring-and-parachute", which indicates delayed or slowed intraluminal precipitation of drug from SDDS, is of immense importance to formulation scientists since optimal attainment of "parachute" governs the success of SDDS in stabilizing supersaturated state that ensues in enhancement of bioavailability. The studies carried out so far for precipitation assessments have ignored the stochastic nature of nucleation and lack absolute mathematical approach. In the current study, the supersaturated state has been studied in a quantitative manner through microarray plate method with application of the classical nucleation theory (CNT) equation for determination of precipitation kinetics. This microarray plate method is an attempt to pursue the principle of miniaturization in supersaturation assays and involves comprehensive measurements that allows for accounting of the stochastic nature of nucleation. Overcoming the drawbacks of reproducibility and greater material requirement of existing methods, this study aims to quantify the rate of in vivo precipitation through understanding of precipitation profile of model drug, celecoxib, in biorelevant media. Quantification of nucleation rates was made through CNT using tailored criteria and visually represented through temporal precipitation distribution (TPD) plots. Supersaturation stability was also compared through metastable zone width (MSZW). Optical microscopy helped in visualizing the dynamics of precipitation, while solid state characterization assisted in understanding the nature of obtained precipitates. This study identified the short-lived supersaturation of celecoxib and its tendency to precipitate under fasted conditions, which can be correlated with in vivo behavior for formulation design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikjot Sodhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector-67 , S.A.S. Nagar , 160062 , Punjab , India
| | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector-67 , S.A.S. Nagar , 160062 , Punjab , India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Promzeleva M, Volkova T, Proshin A, Siluykov O, Mazur A, Tolstoy P, Ivanov S, Kamilov F, Terekhova I. Improved Biopharmaceutical Properties of Oral Formulations of 1,2,4-Thiadiazole Derivative with Cyclodextrins: in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:491-501. [PMID: 33418739 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesized 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivative displaying biological activity has low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Novel oral formulations of thiadiazole with β- and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins were obtained by grinding and freeze-drying methods with the purpose to improve the aqueous solubility. Complex formation of 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivative with cyclodextrins was confirmed by means of solid-state 13C MAS CP/TOSS NMR. Solubility, dissolution rate and permeability of the solid inclusion complexes were evaluated in different biorelevant media (SGF, FaSSGF, FaSSIF) simulating the conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. It was demonstrated that the content of biorelevant media affects the properties of the inclusion complexes. In particular, solubilizing effect of cyclodextrins became less pronounced when the micelles of taurocholic acid and lecithin are formed in the dissolution media. The inclusion of thiadiazole into cyclodextrin cavity is in competition with its partitioning into the micelles and this should be taken into account when the in vivo behavior is predicted. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments were found to be in agreement and showed the highest solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of the freeze-dried complexes of thiadiazole with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. These complexes can be proposed as more effective dosage forms for oral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Promzeleva
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| | - Tatyana Volkova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| | - Alexey Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Oleg Siluykov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anton Mazur
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Peter Tolstoy
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Felix Kamilov
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450076, Russia
| | - Irina Terekhova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mendes C, Buttchevitz A, Kruger JH, Caon T, de Oliveira Benedet P, Lemos-Senna E, Silva MAS. Self-Nanoemulsified Drug Delivery System of Hydrochlorothiazide for Increasing Dissolution Rate and Diuretic Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2494-2504. [PMID: 28213844 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a class IV drug according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. This study aimed the development of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for HCTZ as an approach to overcome the biopharmaceutical limitations. Pre-formulation screening and ternary phase diagrams were carried out to select the oil phase, the surfactant, and the co-surfactant as the amount of each constituent. The optimized formulations, with reduced amount of surfactant, and composed of medium chain triglycerides, Cremophor EL and Transcutol P did not affect the pH or show drug incompatibilities. The SNEDDS were stabilized by the nanoscale globules and high negative zeta potential. All the physicochemical characterization assays were performed in biorelevant media to better predict the in vivo performance. The enhanced dissolution rate of the SNEDDS reflected in the in vivo diuretic activity, presenting a natriuresis, kaliuresis, and chloriuresis at early stages and an increased volume of total urine compared with HCTZ alone. The designed SNEDDS produced an improvement in the pharmacodynamics due to high dissolution and probable inhibition of intestinal efflux protein by Cremophor EL. The use of SNEDDS demonstrated to be an efficient approach to modulate the absorption of HCTZ and drug therapeutics.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The effects of different formulations and processes on inducing and maintaining the supersaturation of ternary solid dispersions of ezetimibe (EZ) in two biorelevant media fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) and fasted-state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF) at different temperatures (25 °C and 37 °C) were investigated in this work. Ternary solid dispersions of EZ were prepared by adding polymer PVP-K30 and surfactant poloxamer 188 using melt-quenching and spray-drying methods. The resulting solid dispersions were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), modulated DSC, powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. The dissolution of all the ternary solid dispersions was tested in vitro under non-sink conditions. All the prepared solid dispersions were amorphous in nature. In FaSSIF at 25 °C, the melt-quenched (MQ) solid dispersions of EZ were more soluble than the spray-dried (SD) solid dispersions and supersaturation was maintained. However, at 37 °C, rapid and variable precipitation behavior was observed for all the MQ and SD formulations. In FaSSGF, the melting method resulted in better solubility than the spray-drying method at both temperatures. Ternary solid dispersions show potential for improving solubility and supersaturation. However, powder dissolution experiments of these solid dispersions of EZ at 25 °C may not predict the supersaturation behavior at physiologically relevant temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Alhayali
- a Department of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences , Luleå University of Technology , Lulea , Sweden
| | - Staffan Tavellin
- b Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience , Umea University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Sitaram Velaga
- a Department of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences , Luleå University of Technology , Lulea , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shibata H, Yoshida H, Izutsu KI, Goda Y. Use of bicarbonate buffer systems for dissolution characterization of enteric-coated proton pump inhibitor tablets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:467-74. [PMID: 27019275 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the effects of buffer systems (bicarbonate or phosphate at different concentrations) on the in vitro dissolution profiles of commercially available enteric-coated tablets. METHODS In vitro dissolution tests were conducted using an USP apparatus II on 12 enteric-coated omeprazole and rabeprazole tablets, including innovator and generic formulations in phosphate buffers, bicarbonate buffers and a media modified Hanks (mHanks) buffer. KEY FINDINGS Both omeprazole and rabeprazole tablets showed similar dissolution profiles among products in the compendial phosphate buffer system. However, there were large differences between products in dissolution lag time in mHanks buffer and bicarbonate buffers. All formulations showed longer dissolution lag times at lower concentrations of bicarbonate or phosphate buffers. The dissolution rank order of each formulation differed between mHanks buffer and bicarbonate buffers. A rabeprazole formulation coated with a methacrylic acid copolymer showed the shortest lag time in the high concentration bicarbonate buffer, suggesting varied responses depending on the coating layer and buffer components. CONCLUSION Use of multiple dissolution media during in vitro testing, including high concentration bicarbonate buffer, would contribute to the efficient design of enteric-coated drug formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Shibata
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshida
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Izutsu
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
In this manuscript we bring together concepts that are relevant to the solubilization and thermodynamic stability of cocrystals in the presence of drug solubilizing agents. Simple equations are derived that allow calculation of cocrystal solubilization and transition point solubility. Analysis of 10 cocrystals in 6 different solubilizing agents shows that cocrystal solubilization is quantitatively predicted from drug solubilization. Drug solubilizing agents such as surfactants and lipid-based media are also shown to induce cocrystal transition points, where drug and cocrystal solubilities are equal, and above which the cocrystal solubility advantage over drug is eliminated. We have discovered that cocrystal solubility at the transition point (S*) is independent of solubilizing agent, and can be predicted from knowledge of only the aqueous solubilities of drug and cocrystal. For 1:1 cocrystals, S* = (Scocrystal,aq)(2)/Sdrug,aq. S* is a key indicator of cocrystal thermodynamic stability and establishes the upper solubility limit below which cocrystal is more soluble than the constituent drug. These findings have important implications to tailor cocrystal solubility and stability in pharmaceutical formulations from commonly available drug solubility descriptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya P Lipert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
| | - Naír Rodríguez-Hornedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
| |
Collapse
|