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Wilkins CA, du Plessis LH, Viljoen JM. Investigating In Vitro and Ex Vivo Properties of Artemether/Lumefantrine Double-Fixed Dose Combination Lipid Matrix Tablets Prepared by Hot Fusion. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:922. [PMID: 34206248 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly lipophilic antimalarial drugs, artemether and lumefantrine, whilst an effective fixed-dose combination treatment to lower the malarial disease burden, are therapeutically hindered by low aqueous solubility and varied bioavailability. This work investigates the plausibility of directly compressed lipid matrix tablets, their role as lipid-based formulations and their future standing as drug delivery systems. Lipid matrix tablets were manufactured from solid lipid dispersions in various lipid:drug ratios employing hot fusion—the melt mixing of highly lipophilic drugs with polymer(s). Sequential biorelevant dissolution media, multiple mathematical models and ex vivo analysis utilizing porcine tissue samples were employed to assess drug release kinetics and more accurately predict in vitro performance. Directly compressed stearic acid tablets in a 0.5:1 lipid:drug ratio were deemed optimal within investigated parameters. Biorelevant media was of immense value for artemether release analysis, with formulation SA0.5C1 (Stearic Acid:double fixed dose in a 0.5:1 ratio (i.e., Stearic acid 70 mg + Lumefantrine 120 mg + Artemether 20 mg); CombiLac® as filler (q.s.); and 1% w/w magnesium stearate) yielding a higher percentage of artemether release (97.21%) than the commercially available product, Coartem® (86.12%). However, dissolution media lacked the specificity to detect lumefantrine. Nonetheless, stearic acid lipid:drug ratios governed drug release mechanisms. This work demonstrates the successful utilization of lipids as pharmaceutical excipients, particularly in the formulation of lipid matrix tablets to augment the dissolution of highly lipophilic drugs, and could thus potentially improve current malarial treatment regimens.
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Lu M, Xiong D, Sun W, Yu T, Hu Z, Ding J, Cai Y, Yang S, Pan B. Sustained release ivermectin-loaded solid lipid dispersion for subcutaneous delivery: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:622-631. [PMID: 28282989 PMCID: PMC8240974 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1284945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to develop a sustained release solid dispersion of ivermectin (IVM-SD) in a lipid matrix (hydrogenated castor oil, HCO) for subcutaneous delivery. Solvent-melting technology was employed to prepare IVM-SDs using HCO. The physicochemical properties of the IVM-SDs were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The release of IVM from IVM-SDs was evaluated with HPLC in vitro. Pharmacokinetics of IVM was studied in rabbits following a single subcutaneous administration of IVM-SD formulations. The efficacy of IVM-SD against the ear mange mite was evaluated in rabbits. IVM was completely dispersed in HCO in an amorphous state at a drug:carrier ratio lower than 1:3. No chemical interactions between drug and carrier were found besides hydrogen bonding for the amorphous IVM-SDs. The amorphous IVM-SDs formulations exhibited a sustained release of IVM versus physical mixtures (PMs) of IVM and HCO. The drug release decreased as the drug:carrier ratios decreased, and the release kinetics of IVM were controlled via diffusion. Cytotoxicity of IVM-SD to MDCK cells was lower than native IVM. The IVM plasma concentration of SD1:3 remained above 1 ng/mL for 49 d. Higher AUC, MRT, and Tmax values were obtained at a SD1:3 relative to the IVM group. The IVM-SD improved almost 1.1-fold bioavailability of drug compared with IVM in rabbits. IVM-SD could provide longer persistence against rabbit’s ear mites than a commercial IVM injection. This study shows that these solid lipid dispersions are a promising approach for the development of subcutaneous IVM formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Lu
- a The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University , Hai Dian District , Beijing , China
| | - Dan Xiong
- a The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University , Hai Dian District , Beijing , China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- a The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University , Hai Dian District , Beijing , China
| | - Tong Yu
- a The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University , Hai Dian District , Beijing , China
| | - Zixia Hu
- a The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University , Hai Dian District , Beijing , China
| | - Jiafeng Ding
- a The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University , Hai Dian District , Beijing , China
| | - Yunpeng Cai
- a The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University , Hai Dian District , Beijing , China
| | - Shizhuang Yang
- a The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University , Hai Dian District , Beijing , China
| | - Baoliang Pan
- a The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University , Hai Dian District , Beijing , China
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