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Li Y, Yuan K, Deng C, Tang H, Wang J, Dai X, Zhang B, Sun Z, Ren G, Zhang H, Wang G. Biliary stents for active materials and surface modification: Recent advances and future perspectives. Bioact Mater 2024; 42:587-612. [PMID: 39314863 PMCID: PMC11417150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Demand for biliary stents has expanded with the increasing incidence of biliary disease. The implantation of plastic or self-expandable metal stents can be an effective treatment for biliary strictures. However, these stents are nondegradable and prone to restenosis. Surgical removal or replacement of the nondegradable stents is necessary in cases of disease resolution or restenosis. To overcome these shortcomings, improvements were made to the materials and surfaces used for the stents. First, this paper reviews the advantages and limitations of nondegradable stents. Second, emphasis is placed on biodegradable polymer and biodegradable metal stents, along with functional coatings. This also encompasses tissue engineering & 3D-printed stents were highlighted. Finally, the future perspectives of biliary stents, including pro-epithelialization coatings, multifunctional coated stents, biodegradable shape memory stents, and 4D bioprinting, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, 251100, China
| | - Kunshan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, 251100, China
| | - Chengchen Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, 251100, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, 251100, China
| | - Jinxuan Wang
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Information and Health Engineering Medicine (CVIHEM), Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziru Sun
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, 251100, China
- College of materials science and engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 25500, Shandong, China
| | - Guiying Ren
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, 251100, China
- College of materials science and engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 25500, Shandong, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, 251100, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Information and Health Engineering Medicine (CVIHEM), Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Jang SI, Fang S, Nahm JH, Cho JH, Do MY, Lee SY, Jeong S, Lee DH, Lee DK. Preclinical evaluation of endoscopic placement of a steroid-eluting metal stent in an in vivo porcine benign biliary stricture model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8864. [PMID: 35614115 PMCID: PMC9132970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of benign biliary strictures (BBS) using fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) has a high success rate, but recurrence can occur. Corticosteroids may be useful based on their anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the safety and efficacy of corticosteroid-eluting FCSEMS in an animal model. BBSs were created by radiofrequency ablation in 12 mini-pigs. Four weeks later, FCSEMS coated with 0 mg (control), 15 mg (steroid 1 × group), or 30 mg (steroid 2 × group) triamcinolone were inserted endoscopically. The in vitro drug release assay revealed that the optimal stent had 15 mg of triamcinolone and a hydrophilic membrane. No transmural necrosis or perforation occurred in any animal. Fibrous wall thickness tended to decrease macroscopically and microscopically in a triamcinolone dose-dependent manner (control vs. steroid 2 × group: 773.1 vs. 468.5 µm, P = 0.037). Thickness also decreased over time in the steroid 2 × group (3 days vs. 4 weeks: 907.9 vs. 468.5 µm, P = 0.025). Blood parameters tended to improve after stent insertion. In a porcine BBS model, steroid-eluting FCSEMS showed potential as a safe and effective treatment modality to reduce fibrotic tissue. Studies are required to confirm their safety and efficacy in humans with refractory BBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ill Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Nahm
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Young Do
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Don Haeng Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
- Utah-Inha DDS & Advanced Therapeutics Research Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
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Song G, Zhao HQ, Liu Q, Fan Z. A review on biodegradable biliary stents: materials and future trends. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:488-495. [PMID: 35415292 PMCID: PMC8968460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary stricture is defined as the reduction and narrowing of the bile duct lumen, which can be caused by many factors such as cancer and inflammation. Biliary stent placement can effectively alleviate benign and malignant biliary strictures. However, the commonly used plastic or metallic biliary stents are far from ideal and do not satisfy all clinical requirements,although several types of biodegradable biliary stents have been developed and used clinically. In this review, we summarized current development status of biodegradable stents with the emphasis on the stent materials. We also presented the future development trends based on the published literature. Summary of current development status of bioresorbable biliary stents with the emphasis on the stent materials. The future development trends based on the published literature. The advantages of bioresorbable biliary stents compared with metallic and plastic biliary stents.
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Krause J, Brokmann F, Rosenbaum C, Weitschies W. The challenges of drug delivery to the esophagus and how to overcome them. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:119-131. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2033206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Krause
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Brokmann
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Rosenbaum
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Arafat M, Song Y, Brewer K, Fouladian P, Parikh A, Albrecht H, Blencowe A, Garg S. Pharmaceutical Development of 5-Fluorouracil-Eluting Stents for the Potential Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Related Obstructions. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:1495-1507. [PMID: 33859473 PMCID: PMC8043784 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s299401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-eluting gastrointestinal (GI) stents are emerging as promising platforms for the treatment of GI cancers and provide the combined advantages of mechanical support to prevent lumen occlusion and as a reservoir for localized drug delivery to tumors. Therefore, in this work we present a detailed quality assurance study of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) drug-eluting stents (DESs) as potential candidates for the treatment of obstructive GI cancers. METHODS The 5FU DESs were fabricated via a simple two-step sequential dip-coating process of commercial GI self-expanding nitinol stents with a 5FU-loaded polyurethane basecoat and a drug-free protective poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) topcoat. The drug loading, content uniformity and drug stability were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, which is also recommended in the United States Pharmacopeia. In vitro drug release studies were performed in phosphate buffered saline to determine the drug releasing properties of the two 5FU-loaded stents. Gas chromatography (GC) and HPLC were employed to determine total residual tetrahydrofuran and N,N-dimethylformamide in the stents remaining from the manufacturing process. Sterilization of the stents was performed using gamma radiation and stability testing was carried out for 3 months. RESULTS The drug loading analysis revealed excellent uniformity in the distribution of 5FU between and within individual stents. Determination of drug stability in the biorelevant release media confirmed that 5FU remains stable over 100 d. In vitro drug release studies from the stents revealed sustained release of 5FU across two different time scales (161 and 30 d), and mathematical modeling of drug release profiles revealed a diffusion-controlled mechanism for the sustained 5FU release. GC and HPLC analysis revealed that the daily residual solvent leached from the stents was below the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, and therefore, unlikely to cause localized/systemic toxicities. Sterilization of the stents with gamma radiation and accelerated stability tests over a period of 3 months revealed no significant effect on the stability or in vitro release of 5FU. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the 5FU DESs meet relevant quality standards and display favourable drug release characteristics for the potential treatment of GI cancers and related obstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arafat
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Kyle Brewer
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Paris Fouladian
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ankit Parikh
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Hugo Albrecht
- Drug Discovery and Development Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Anton Blencowe
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (PIDG) Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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Das S, Kaur S, Rai VK. Gastro-retentive drug delivery systems: a recent update on clinical pertinence and drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1849-1877. [PMID: 33403646 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gastro-retentive drug delivery systems are some of the best technologies delivered through oral route. These mainly came into picture for their effective local action in the GI region, specifically for the drugs with narrow absorption window. In the recent decades, several technologies have evolved showing different mechanisms for retaining the drug in GI region for longer duration with increased bioavailability. Floatable, mucoadhesive, swelable, magnetic, nanofibrous, high-density, and expandable systems have been investigated extensively as the potential gastro-retentive strategies. The advances in the technologies studied, their clinical pertinence, and methods of drug delivery are described in this review with their immense future utilities. Their entry into the pharmaceutical market is a huge matter to look into as most of the studied strategies are facing problems and hence are underrated to overcome the clinical trials. Their success in the clinical trials are enormously required for gaining their access into the pharmaceutical market. Selection of the right technology for the right purpose through the right mechanism of action is to be done for obtaining the system with desired activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Das
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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Development and In Vitro Evaluation of 5-Fluorouracil-Eluting Stents for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer and Cancer-Related Obstruction. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010017. [PMID: 33374233 PMCID: PMC7823773 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) are currently the gold standard for the localised management of malignant gastrointestinal (GI) stenosis and/or obstructions. Despite encouraging clinical success, in-stent restenosis caused by tumour growth is a significant challenge. Incorporating chemotherapeutic drugs into GI stents is an emerging strategy to provide localised and sustained release of drugs to intestinal malignant tissues to prevent tumour growth. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a local GI stent-based delivery system that provides a controlled release of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) over a course of several weeks to months, for the treatment of colorectal cancer and cancer-related stenosis/obstructions. The 5FU-loaded GI stents were fabricated via sequential dip-coating of commercial GI stents with a drug-loaded polyurethane (PU) basecoat and a drug-free poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) topcoat. For comparison, two types of commercial stents were investigated, including bare and silicone (Si) membrane-covered stents. The physicochemical properties of the 5FU-loaded stents were evaluated using photoacoustic Fourier-transform infrared (PA-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal analysis. In vitro release studies in biological medium revealed that the 5FU-loaded stents provided a sustained release of drug over the period studied (18 d), and cell viability, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis assays showed that the released 5FU had comparable anticancer activity against human colon cancer cells (HCT-116) to pure 5FU. This study demonstrates that dip-coating is a facile and reliable approach for fabricating drug-eluting stents (DESs) that are promising candidates for the treatment of GI obstructions and/or restenosis.
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Xiao JB, Weng JY, Hu YY, Deng GL, Wan XJ. Feasibility and efficacy evaluation of metallic biliary stents eluting gemcitabine and cisplatin for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4589-4606. [PMID: 32884219 PMCID: PMC7445865 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i31.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective endoscopic management is fundamental for the treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). However, current biliary stents that are widely used in clinical practice showed no antitumor effect. Drug-eluting stents (DESs) may achieve a combination of local chemotherapy and biliary drainage to prolong stent patency and improve prognosis.
AIM To develop novel DESs coated with gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CIS)-coloaded nanofilms that can maintain the continuous and long-term release of antitumor agents in the bile duct to inhibit tumor growth and reduce systemic toxicity.
METHODS Stents coated with different drug-eluting components were prepared by the mixed electrospinning method, with poly-L-lactide-caprolactone (PLCL) as the drug-loaded nanofiber membrane and GEM and/or CIS as the antitumor agents. Four different DESs were manufactured with four drug-loading ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), including bare-loaded (PLCL-0), single-drug-loaded (PLCL-GEM and PLCL-CIS), and dual-drug-loaded (PLCL-GC) stents. The drug release property, antitumor activity, and biocompatibility were evaluated in vitro and in vivo to confirm the feasibility and efficacy of this novel DES for ECC.
RESULTS The in vitro drug release study showed the stable, continuous release of both GEM and CIS, which was sustained for over 30 d without an obvious initial burst, and a higher drug-loaded content induced a lower release rate. The drug-loading ratio of 10% was used for further experiments due to its ideal inhibitory efficiency and relatively low toxicity. All drug-loaded nanofilms effectively inhibited the growth of EGI-1 cells in vitro and the tumor xenografts of nude mice in vivo; in addition, the dual-loaded nanofilm (PLCL-GC) had a significantly better effect than the single-drug-loaded nanofilms (P < 0.05). No significant differences in the serological analysis (P > 0.05) or histopathological changes were observed between the single-loaded and drug-loaded nanofilms after stent placement in the normal porcine biliary tract.
CONCLUSION This novel PLCL-GEM and CIS-eluting stent maintains continuous, stable drug release locally and inhibits tumor growth effectively in vitro and in vivo. It can also be used safely in normal porcine bile ducts. We anticipate that it might be considered an alternative strategy for the palliative therapy of ECC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Hospitalist and Internal Medicine Inpatient Department, Shanghai Jiahui International Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun-Yong Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yang-Yang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gui-Long Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xin-Jian Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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Influence of Polymer Composition on the Controlled Release of Docetaxel: A Comparison of Non-Degradable Polymer Films for Oesophageal Drug-Eluting Stents. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050444. [PMID: 32403329 PMCID: PMC7284596 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the huge clinical success of drug-eluting vascular stents, there is a significant interest in the development of drug-eluting stents for other applications, such as the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Central to this process is understanding how particular drugs are released from stent coatings, which to a large extent is controlled by drug-polymer interactions. Therefore, in this study we investigated the release of docetaxel (DTX) from a selection of non-degradable polymer films. DTX-polymer films were prepared at various loadings (1, 5 and 10% w/w) using three commercially available polymers including poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PSi), poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) and Chronosil polyurethane (PU). The formulations were characterised using different techniques such as photoacoustic Fourier-transform infrared (PA-FTIR) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of DTX on the mechanical properties of the films, in-vitro release, and degradation tests were also assessed. For all polymers and DTX loadings, the drug was found to disperse homogenously without crystallisation within the polymer matrix. While no specific interactions were observed between DTX and PSi or PEVA, hydrogen-bonding appeared to be present between DTX and PU, which resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in the Young’s moduli of the films due to disruption of inter-polymeric molecular interactions. In addition, the DTX-PU interactions were found to modulate drug release, providing near-linear release over 30 days, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in degradation products. The results indicate that DTX-loaded PU films are excellent candidates for drug-eluting stents for the treatment of oesophageal cancer.
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Choi SH, Cho IH, Park S. Gemcitabine-incorporated polyurethane films for controlled release of an anticancer drug. Biomater Res 2019; 23:19. [PMID: 31832231 PMCID: PMC6865006 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-019-0169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Local delivery of anti-cancer drugs through a stent is a very promising and anticipated treatment modality for patients who have obstructions in their gastrointestinal tract with malignant tumors. Anticancer drug release via stents, however, needs to be optimized with respect to drug delivery behavior for the stents to be effective for prolonged containment of tumor proliferation and stent re-obstruction. Local stent-based drug delivery has been tested using an effective anti-cancer drug, gemcitabine, but the release from the stent-coated polyurethane films is often too fast and the drug is depleted from the coated film virtually in a day. Methods To moderate the drug release from a polyurethane film, a gemcitabine-incorporated polyurethane film was enveloped with a pure polyurethane film, with no drug loading, and with a silicone film by solution casting after activation of the silicone film surface with plasma treatment. Results The pure polyurethane barrier film was effective; the interface of the two were indistinguishable on scanning electron microscopy, and the initial burst, i.e., the cumulative release in a day, decreased from 90 to 26%. The silicone film barrier, on the other hand, was defective as voids were seen using a scanning electron microscope, and micro-separation of the two layers was observed after the film was immersed in phosphate-buffered saline for 1 day during the in vitro drug release study. Conclusions Enveloping a gemcitabine-releasing polyurethane film with a homo-polymer barrier film was quite effective for moderating the initial burst of gemcitabine, thus, prolonging the release time of the drug. Enveloping the polyurethane film with a silicone film was also possible after plasma treatment of the silicone film surface, but the two films eventually separated in the aqueous environment. More studies are needed to tune the drug release behavior of gemcitabine from the stent covering film before attempting a clinical application of an anti-cancer drug releasing stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Choi
- Inbody Research Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06313 South Korea
| | - Il-Hoon Cho
- 2Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13135 South Korea
| | - Sangsoo Park
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Eulji University, 553 Sanseongdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13135 Republic of Korea
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11
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Arafat M, Fouladian P, Blencowe A, Albrecht H, Song Y, Garg S. Drug-eluting non-vascular stents for localised drug targeting in obstructive gastrointestinal cancers. J Control Release 2019; 308:209-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Štaka I, Cadete A, Surikutchi BT, Abuzaid H, Bradshaw TD, Alonso MJ, Marlow M. A novel low molecular weight nanocomposite hydrogel formulation for intra-tumoural delivery of anti-cancer drugs. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:151-161. [PMID: 31029659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an injectable formulation composed of a low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) based hydrogel and drug-loaded polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) is described. The NCs, made of hyaluronic acid and polyglutamic acid and loaded with C14-Gemcitabine (GEM C14), showed a size of 40 and 80 nm and a encapsulation efficiency >90%. These NCs exhibited a capacity to control the release of the encapsulated drug for >1 month. GEM C14-loaded NCs showed activity against various cancer cell lines in vitro; cell growth inhibition by 50% (GI50) values of 15 ± 6, 10 ± 9, 13 ± 3 and 410 ± 463 nM were obtained in HCT 116, MIA PaCa-2, Panc-1 and Panc-1 GEM resistant cell lines respectively. Nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared using the LMWG - N4-octanoyl-2'-deoxycytidine and loaded for the first time with polymeric NCs. 2% and 4% w/v nanocapsule concentrations as compared to 8% w/v NC concentrations with 2% and 3% w/v gelator concentrations gave mechanically stronger gels as determined by oscillatory rheology. Most importantly, the nanocomposite formulation reformed instantly into a gel after injection through a needle. Based on these properties, the nanocomposite gel formulation has potential for the intratumoural delivery of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Štaka
- CIMUS Research University, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Campus Vida, Spain; Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Boots Science Building, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ana Cadete
- CIMUS Research University, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Campus Vida, Spain
| | | | - Haneen Abuzaid
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maria J Alonso
- CIMUS Research University, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Campus Vida, Spain.
| | - Maria Marlow
- Boots Science Building, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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A Review of Self-Expanding Esophageal Stents for the Palliation Therapy of Inoperable Esophageal Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9265017. [PMID: 31080835 PMCID: PMC6475558 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9265017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a very deadly disease, killing more than 15,000 people in the United States annually. Almost 400,000 new cases happen in the worldwide every year. More than 50% esophageal cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when they need an esophageal stent to open the blocked esophagus for feeding and drinking. Esophageal stents have evolved in stages over the years. Current clinically used stents commonly include stainless steel or nitinol self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) and self-expandable plastic stent (SEPS). There are many choices of different types of stents and sizes, with fierce competition among manufacturers. However, current stent technology, whether uncovered, partially covered, fully covered SEMS or SEPS, has their own advantages to solve the dysphagia, stricture, and fistula problems, but they also cause some clinical complications. The ideal stent remains elusive. New 3D printing technique may bring new promising potential to manufacturing personalized esophageal stents. Drug-eluting stents could be the new avenue to do more than just pry open a stricture or cover a defect in the esophageal lumen, a possibility of proving local anticancer therapy simultaneously. Additionally, the lack of esophageal cancer animal models also hinders the progress of stent development. This paper reviews these topics for a comprehensive understanding of this field. In a conclusion, the ultimate goal of the future esophageal stent would have multifunction to treat the underlying conditions and restore esophageal function to near normal.
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14
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Kim YS, Kim JG. Electrochemical corrosion behavior of a non-vascular, bi-stent combination, surgical esophageal nitinol stent in phosphate-buffered saline solution. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:821-830. [PMID: 30423768 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the corrosion behavior of a bi-stent combination, which is the combination of an uncoated outer stent and silicone-coated body stent, was assessed by the use of electrochemical methods in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C. Although each stent comprising the bi-stent combination showed favorable corrosion properties, the bi-stent combination showed significant decreases in these corrosion properties. Corrosion was concentrated on the uncoated outer stent of the bi-stent combination. The cathodic reaction was activated on the outer stent of the bi-stent combination by the galvanic effect, and the hydrogen generated was detrimental to the surface film on the outer stent. In addition, hydrogen had a synergic effect with chloride and accelerated the corrosion reaction on the outer stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sang Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-Dong, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Gu Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-Dong, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Krishnagopal A, Reddy A, Sen D. Stent-mediated gene and drug delivery for cardiovascular disease and cancer: A brief insight. J Gene Med 2018; 19. [PMID: 28370939 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review concisely recapitulates the different existing modes of stent-mediated gene/drug delivery, their considerable advancement in clinical trials and a rationale for other merging new technologies such as nanotechnology and microRNA-based therapeutics, in addition to addressing the limitations in each of these perpetual stent platforms. Over the past decade, stent-mediated gene/drug delivery has materialized as a hopeful alternative for cardiovascular disease and cancer in contrast to routine conventional treatment modalities. Regardless of the phenomenal recent developments achieved by coronary interventions and cancer therapies that employ gene and drug-eluting stents, practical hurdles still remain a challenge. The present review highlights the limitations that each of the existing stent-based gene/drug delivery system encompasses and therefore provides a vision for the future with respect to discovering an ideal stent therapeutic platform that would circumvent all the practical hurdles witnessed with the existing technology. Further study of the improvisation of next-generation drug-eluting stents has helped to overcome the issue of restenosis to some extent. However, current stent formulations fall short of the anticipated clinically meaningful outcomes and there is an explicit need for more randomized trials aiming to further evaluate stent platforms in favour of enhanced safety and clinical value. Gene-eluting stents may hold promise in contributing new ideas for stent-based prevention of in-stent restenosis through genetic interventions by capitalizing on a wide variety of molecular targets. Therefore, the central consideration directs us toward finding an ideal stent therapeutic platform that would tackle all of the gaps in the existing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aakash Reddy
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Liang PC, Huang KW, Tung CC, Chang MC, Chang FY, Wong JM, Chang YT. A novel photodynamic therapy-based drug delivery system layered on a stent for treating cholangiocarcinoma. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 20:3. [PMID: 29164403 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the drug delivery efficacy and bio-effectiveness of a novel photodynamic therapy (PDT)-matrix drug delivery system for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Metallic stents were coated with polyurethane (PU) as the first layer. A 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA)/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)/benzoyl peroxide (BPO) layer and a poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA)/poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (K30) layer containing various concentrations of Photofrin were then incorporated onto the stent as the second and third layers. After incubating the layered membranes with cultured CCA cell line, the release of Photofrin, cell viability, the intracellular uptake of Photofrin, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis were determined. Using a single-layer diffusion model, the maximum release of Photofrin from the 5 to 10% K30 formulas was 80 and 100%, respectively, after 24 h. When using the multiple-layer diffusion model, the released Photofrin showed an initial burst of the loading dose from the PEVA/PBMA/K30 layer. In the immobilized model, less than 5% of the Photofrin from the 2-HEMA/EGDMA/BPO layer was released over the 24-h period. Cell viability decreased linearly with increasing Photofrin concentrations, and ROS generation and apoptosis were shown to increase significantly with increasing Photofrin concentrations, until the concentration of Photofrin reached a saturation point of 1.5 μg/ml. This new, multiple-layered, PDT-based stent with dual-release mechanisms is a promising treatment for CCA and cancer-related ductal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chin Liang
- Department of Medical Imaging National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Tung
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics & Therapeutics and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fuh-Yu Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Min Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Goto A, Yen HC, Anraku Y, Fukushima S, Lai PS, Kato M, Kishimura A, Kataoka K. Facile Preparation of Delivery Platform of Water-Soluble Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs Based on Polyion Complex Vesicle (PICsome) Encapsulating Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:807-815. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Goto
- Watarase
Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., 1848, Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department
of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Masaru Kato
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation
Center of NanoMedicne, Kawasaki Institute of Industry Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
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18
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Aguilar LE, GhavamiNejad A, Park CH, Kim CS. On-demand drug release and hyperthermia therapy applications of thermoresponsive poly-(NIPAAm-co-HMAAm)/polyurethane core-shell nanofiber mat on non-vascular nitinol stents. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:527-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Shaikh M, Zhang H, Wang H, Guo X, Song Y, Kanwar JR, Garg S. In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Docetaxel Formulation Developed for Esophageal Stents. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:130-137. [PMID: 26895019 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) mostly affects the elderly population and is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are the most popular mode of palliation, but they are associated with reocclusion caused by tumor growth. To overcome this problem, docetaxel (DTX)-loaded polyurethane formulations were prepared for stent application. The films were evaluated against the cancer cell lines, OE-19 and OE-21, and normal esophageal cell line Het-1A. The DTX and the formulations were evaluated in vitro for the cytotoxicity and in vivo in nude mice. It was found that DTX and the formulations have a weak activity against the EC cell lines and an even weaker activity against Het-1A cell line. Preliminary in vivo studies showed skin toxicity in nude mice necessitating modification of the formulation. Reevaluation in a mouse xenograft model resulted in toxicity at high dose formulations while the low dose formulation exhibited modest advantage over commercial IV formulation; however, there was no significant difference between the commercial IV and blank formulation. DTX combination with an anti-cancer agent having complementary mode of action and non-overlapping toxicity could yield better outcome in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Shaikh
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (CPID), School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmei Song
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (CPID), School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jagat Rakesh Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (CPID), School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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20
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Preparation of a Microporous Polyurethane Film with Negative Surface Charge for siRNA Delivery via Stent. INT J POLYM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/2841682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used to prepare a porous stent-covering material for the controlled delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Microporous polymer films were prepared using a blend of polyurethane and water-soluble polyethylene glycol by the solution casting method; the PEG component was extracted in water to make the film microporous. This film was dipped in 2% poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) solution to coat the polymer film with the anionic polyelectrolyte. The chemical components of the film surface were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and its structural morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the negatively charged surface after attachment of a fluorescein isothiocyanate- (FITC-) labeled siRNA-polyethyleneimine complex onto the microporous polyurethane film and the controlled release of the complex from the film was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy showed the PU surface with intense fluorescence by the aggregates of the FITC-labeled-siRNA-PEI complex (measuring up to few microns in size); additionally, the negatively charged PU surface revealed broad and diffuse fluorescence. These results suggest that the construction of negatively charged microporous polyurethane films is feasible and could be applied for enhancing the efficiency of siRNA delivery via a stent-covering polyurethane film.
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21
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22
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Seo J, Lee J, Na K. Polymeric materials for drug release system in drug eluting stents. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Effect of polymer microstructure on the docetaxel release and stability of polyurethane formulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 101:82-9. [PMID: 26829379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PurSil®AL20 (PUS), a copolymer of 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), 1,4-butane diol (BD), poly-tetramethylene oxide (PTMO) and poly-dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) was investigated for stability as a vehicle for Docetaxel (DTX) delivery through oesophageal drug eluting stent (DES). On exposure to stability test conditions, it was found that DTX release rate declined at 4 and 40 °C. In order to divulge reasons underlying this, changes in DTX solid state as well as PUS microstructure were followed. It was found that re-crystallization of DTX in PDMS rich regions was reducing the drug release at both 4 °C and 40 °C samples. So far microstructural features have not been correlated with stability and drug release, and in this study we found that at 40 °C increase in microstructural domain sizes and the inter-domain distances (from ∼85 Å to 129 Å) were responsible for hindering the DTX release in addition to DTX re-crystallization.
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24
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Shatzel J, Kim J, Sampath K, Syed S, Saad J, Hussain ZH, Mody K, Pipas JM, Gordon S, Gardner T, Rothstein RI. Drug eluting biliary stents to decrease stent failure rates: A review of the literature. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 8:77-85. [PMID: 26839648 PMCID: PMC4724033 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v8.i2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary stenting is clinically effective in relieving both malignant and non-malignant obstructions. However, there are high failure rates associated with tumor ingrowth and epithelial overgrowth as well as internally from biofilm development and subsequent clogging. Within the last decade, the use of prophylactic drug eluting stents as a means to reduce stent failure has been investigated. In this review we provide an overview of the current research on drug eluting biliary stents. While there is limited human trial data regarding the clinical benefit of drug eluting biliary stents in preventing stent obstruction, recent research suggests promise regarding their safety and potential efficacy.
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25
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Kim EJ, Kim YJ. Stents for colorectal obstruction: Past, present, and future. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:842-852. [PMID: 26811630 PMCID: PMC4716082 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the development of uncovered self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) in the 1990s, endoscopic stents have evolved dramatically. Application of new materials and new designs has expanded the indications for enteral SEMS. At present, enteral stents are considered the first-line modality for palliative care, and numerous types of enteral stents are under development for extended clinical usage, beyond a merely palliative purpose. Herein, we will discuss the current status and the future development of lower enteral stents.
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26
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Shaikh M, Choudhury NR, Knott R, Garg S. Engineering Stent Based Delivery System for Esophageal Cancer Using Docetaxel. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2305-17. [PMID: 25936529 DOI: 10.1021/mp500851u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer patients are often diagnosed as "advanced" cases. These patients are subjected to palliative stenting using self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) to maintain oral alimentation. Unfortunately, SEMS get reoccluded due to tumor growth, in and over the stent struts. To investigate potential solutions to this problem, docetaxel (DTX) delivery films were prepared using PurSil AL 20 (PUS), which can be used as a covering material for the SEMS. Drug-polymer miscibility and interactions were studied. Bilayer films were prepared by adhering the blank film to the DTX loaded film in order to maintain the unidirectional delivery to the esophagus. In vitro release and the local DTX delivery were studied using in vitro permeation experiments. It was found that DTX and PUS were physically and chemically compatible. The bilayer films exhibited sustained release (>30 days) and minimal DTX permeation through esophageal tissues in vitro. The rate-determining step for the DTX delivery was calculated. It was found that >0.9 fraction of rate control lies with the esophageal tissues, suggesting that DTX delivery can be sustained for longer periods compared to the in vitro release observed. Thus, the bilayer films can be developed as a localized sustained delivery system in combination with the stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Shaikh
- †Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (CPID), School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- ‡Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Robert Knott
- §ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- †Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (CPID), School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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27
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Stents with specialized functions: drug-eluting stents and stents with antireflux devices. GASTROINTESTINAL INTERVENTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gii.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Min D, Jeong D, Choi MG, Na K. Photochemical tissue penetration via photosensitizer for effective drug penetration in a non-vascular tumor. Biomaterials 2015; 52:484-93. [PMID: 25818454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To improve the tissue penetration efficiency (PE%) of hydrophilic-drugs in non-vascular drug eluting stents (DES), we designed photochemical tissue penetration (PTP) invested DES (PTP-DES). The PTP technology was applied to the stent as a covering membrane to generate singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen damages the epithelial layer, so the PE% of released drugs could be improved. To prepare the PTP-DES membrane, chlorin e6 (Ce6, photosensitizer) was incorporated in a gemcitabine (GEM) eluting polyurethane (PU) membrane (Ce6-GEM-PU). Ce6-GEM-PU has smooth surface that is ∼40 μm thick. The photoactivity of Ce6 was maintained for 2 weeks (in vitro GEM releasing period). In a separate cell culture system, both 1.5 folds higher PE% and an improved tumor cell growth inhibition effect were shown after light exposure. Additionally, in tissue penetration experimental system, 2 folds increased in the PE% of GEM was induced by laser exposure at 80 J/cm2. Additionally, improved PE% of hydrophilic molecules (Fluorescein and GEM) was confirmed in colon tumor bearing mice. Consequentially, tumor growth, when implanted with Ce6-GEM-PU, was effectively inhibited without significant side effects. Based on these results, we believe that the PTP-DES system has great potential for improving the therapeutic effect of conventional DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehong Min
- Center for Photomedicine, Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooyong Jeong
- Center for Photomedicine, Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Gyu Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seoucho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Center for Photomedicine, Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Bae BC, Yang SG, Jeong S, Lee DH, Na K, Kim JM, Costamagna G, Kozarek RA, Isayama H, Deviere J, Seo DW, Nageshwar Reddy D. Polymeric photosensitizer-embedded self-expanding metal stent for repeatable endoscopic photodynamic therapy of cholangiocarcinoma. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8487-95. [PMID: 25043500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new therapeutic approach for the palliative treatment of malignant bile duct obstruction. In this study, we designed photosensitizer-embedded self-expanding nonvascular metal stent (PDT-stent) which allows repeatable photodynamic treatment of cholangiocarcinoma without systemic injection of photosensitizer. Polymeric photosensitizer (pullulan acetate-conjugated pheophorbide A; PPA) was incorporated in self-expanding nonvascular metal stent. Residence of PPA in the stent was estimated in buffer solution and subcutaneous implantation on mouse. Photodynamic activity of PDT-stent was evaluated through laserexposure on stent-layered tumor cell lines, HCT-116 tumor-xenograft mouse models and endoscopic intervention of PDT-stent on bile duct of mini pigs. Photo-fluorescence imaging of the PDT-stent demonstrated homogeneous embedding of polymeric Pheo-A (PPA) on stent membrane. PDT-stent sustained its photodynamic activities at least for 2 month. And which implies repeatable endoscopic PDT is possible after stent emplacement. The PDT-stent after light exposure successfully generated cytotoxic singlet oxygen in the surrounding tissues, inducing apoptotic degradation of tumor cells and regression of xenograft tumors on mouse models. Endoscopic biliary in-stent photodynamic treatments on minipigs also suggested the potential efficacy of PDT-stent on cholangiocarcinoma. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed our PDT-stent, allows repeatable endoscopic biliary PDT, has the potential for the combination therapy (stent plus PDT) of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-chan Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Geun Yang
- Department of New Drug Development and NCEED, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jeong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Don Haeng Lee
- Utah-Inha DDS and Advanced Therapeutics, B-404, Meet-You-All Tower, Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of New Drug Development and NCEED, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Guido Costamagna
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Department of Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Radiology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard A Kozarek
- Digestive Disease Institute, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jacques Deviere
- Department of Gastroenterology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dong Wan Seo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Nageshwar Reddy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
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30
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Chen MH, Liang PC, Chang KC, Huang JY, Chang YT, Chang FY, Wong JM, Lin FH. Prototype of biliary drug-eluting stent with photodynamic and chemotherapy using electrospinning. Biomed Eng Online 2014; 13:118. [PMID: 25138739 PMCID: PMC4155126 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-13-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The combination of biliary stent with photodynamic and chemotherapy seemed to be a beneficial palliative treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. However, by intravenous delivery to the target tumor the distribution of the drug had its limitations and caused serious side effect on non-target organs. Therefore, in this study, we are going to develop a localized eluting stent, named PDT-chemo stent, covered with gemcitabine (GEM) and hematoporphyrin (HP). Methods The prototype of PDT-chemo stent was made through electrospinning and electrospraying dual-processes with an electrical charge to cover the stent with a drug-storing membrane from polymer liquid. The design of prototype used PU as the material of the backing layer, and PCL/PEG blends in different molar ratio of 9:1 and of 1:4 were used in two drug-storing layers with GEM and HP loaded respectively. Results The optical microscopy revealed that the backing layer was formed in fine fibers from electrospinning, while drug-storing layers, attributed to the droplets from electrospraying process. The covered membrane, the morphology of which was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), covered the stent surface homogeneously without crack appearances. The GEM had almost 100% of electrosprayed efficiency than 70% HP loaded on the covered membrane due to the different solubility of drug in PEG/PCL blends. Drug release study confirmed the two-phased drug release pattern by regulating in different molar ratio of PEG/PCL blends polymer. Conclusions The result proves that the PDT-chemo stent is composed of a first burst-releasing phase from HP and a later slow-releasing phase from GEM eluting. This two-phase of drug eluting stent may provide a new prospect of localized and controlled release treatment for cholangiocarcinoma disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jau-Min Wong
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No,1, Sec,1, Jen-Ai Rd,, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Non-vascular drug eluting stents as localized controlled drug delivery platform: Preclinical and clinical experience. J Control Release 2013; 172:105-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sarkar S, Geraghty J, Rooney P. Colonic stenting: a practical update. Frontline Gastroenterol 2013; 4:219-226. [PMID: 28839728 PMCID: PMC5369802 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2012-100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonic stenting is part of the UK service provision guidelines for colorectal cancer. However, there are issues about availability and expertise within the UK, and controversies remain regarding various clinical and technical aspects of the technique. Based on the current evidence, this article will provide a practical update on the indications, the clinical and technical considerations and the remaining unanswered questions regarding colonic stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchoy Sarkar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joe Geraghty
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Rooney
- Department of Surgery, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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