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Kali G, Haddadzadegan S, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Cyclodextrins and derivatives in drug delivery: New developments, relevant clinical trials, and advanced products. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121500. [PMID: 37985088 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CD) and derivatives are functional excipients that can improve the bioavailability of numerous drugs. Because of their drug solubility improving properties they are used in many pharmaceutical products. Furthermore, the stability of small molecular drugs can be improved by the incorporation in CDs and an unpleasant taste and smell can be masked. In addition to well-established CD derivatives including hydroxypropyl-β-CD, hydroxypropyl-γ-CD, methylated- β-CD and sulfobutylated- β-CD, there are promising new derivatives in development. In particular, CD-based polyrotaxanes exhibiting cellular uptake enhancing properties, CD-polymer conjugates providing sustained drug release, enhanced cellular uptake, and mucoadhesive properties, and thiolated CDs showing mucoadhesive, in situ gelling, as well as permeation and cellular uptake enhancing properties will likely result in innovative new drug delivery systems. Relevant clinical trials showed various new applications of CDs such as the formation of CD-based nanoparticles, stabilizing properties for protein drugs or the development of ready-to-use injection systems. Advanced products are making use of various benefical properties of CDs at the same time. Within this review we provide an overview on these recent developments and take an outlook on how this class of excipients will further shape the landscape of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Soheil Haddadzadegan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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2
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Pooresmaeil M, Namazi H, Salehi R. Dual anticancer drug delivery of D-galactose-functionalized stimuli-responsive nanogels for targeted therapy of the liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Petitjean M, García-Zubiri IX, Isasi JR. History of cyclodextrin-based polymers in food and pharmacy: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:3465-3476. [PMID: 33907537 PMCID: PMC8062835 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are glucose macrocycles whose inclusional capabilities towards non-polar solutes can be modulated with the help of other macrostructures. The incorporation of cyclodextrin moieties into larger structures produces five types of new materials: crosslinked networks, functionalized chains, amphiphilic cyclodextrins, polyrotaxanes and nanocomposites. This review presents crosslinking and grafting to prepare covalently-attached cyclodextrins, and applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, from an historical point of view. In food science, applications include debittering of juices, retention of aromas and release of preservatives from packaging. In biomedical science, cyclodextrin polymers are applied classically to drug release, and more recently to gene delivery and regenerative medicine. The remarkable points are: 1) epichlorohydrin and diisocyanates have been extensively used as crosslinkers since the 1960s, but during the last two decades more complex cyclodextrin polymeric structures have been designed. 2) The evolution of cyclodextrin polymers matches that of macromolecular materials with regard to complexity, functionality and capabilities. 3) The use of cyclodextrin polymers as sorbents in the food sector came first, but smart packaging is now an active challenge. Cyclodextrins have also been recently used to design treatments against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Petitjean
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - José Ramón Isasi
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Abd El-Alim SH, Kassem AA, Basha M, Salama A. Comparative study of liposomes, ethosomes and transfersomes as carriers for enhancing the transdermal delivery of diflunisal: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2019; 563:293-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yonashiro Marcelino M, Azevedo Borges F, Martins Costa AF, de Lacorte Singulani J, Ribeiro NV, Barcelos Costa-Orlandi C, Garms BC, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ, Herculano RD, Fusco-Almeida AM. Antifungal activity of fluconazole-loaded natural rubber latex against Candida albicans. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:359-367. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This work aimed to produce a membrane based on fluconazole-loaded natural rubber latex (NRL), and study their interaction, drug release and antifungal susceptibility against Candida albicans. Materials & methods: Fluconazole-loaded NRL membrane was obtained by casting method. Results: The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy showed no modifications either in NRL or fluconazole after the incorporation. Mechanical test presented low Young's modulus and high strain, indicating the membranes have sufficient elasticity for biomedical application. The bio-membrane was able to release the drug and inhibit the growth of C. albicans as demonstrated by disk diffusion and macrodilution assays. Conclusion: The biomembrane was able to release fluconazole and inhibit the growth of C. albicans, representing a promising biomaterial for skin application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Yonashiro Marcelino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Azevedo Borges
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Biochemistry & Chemical Technology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Martins Costa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Bioprocesses & Biotechnology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathan Vinícius Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Bioprocesses & Biotechnology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cambraia Garms
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Biochemistry & Chemical Technology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Bioprocesses & Biotechnology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yan L, Pham DT, Clements P, Lincoln SF, Wang J, Guo X, Easton CJ. β-Cyclodextrin- and adamantyl-substituted poly(acrylate) self-assembling aqueous networks designed for controlled complexation and release of small molecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1879-1892. [PMID: 29062407 PMCID: PMC5629389 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three aqueous self-assembling poly(acrylate) networks have been designed to gain insight into the factors controlling the complexation and release of small molecules within them. These networks are formed between 8.8% 6A-(2-aminoethyl)amino-6A-deoxy-6A-β-cyclodextrin, β-CDen, randomly substituted poly(acrylate), PAAβ-CDen, and one of the 3.3% 1-(2-aminoethyl)amidoadamantyl, ADen, 3.0% 1-(6-aminohexyl)amidoadamantyl, ADhn, or 2.9% 1-(12-aminododecyl)amidoadamantyl, ADddn, randomly substituted poly(acrylate)s, PAAADen, PAAADhn and PAAADddn, respectively, such that the ratio of β-CDen to adamantyl substituents is ca. 3:1. The variation of the characteristics of the complexation of the dyes methyl red, methyl orange and ethyl orange in these three networks and by β-cyclodextrin, β-CD, and PAAβ-CDen alone provides insight into the factors affecting dye complexation. The rates of release of the dyes through a dialysis membrane from the three aqueous networks show a high dependence on host–guest complexation between the β-CDen substituents and the dyes as well as the structure and the viscosity of the network as shown by ITC, 1H NMR and UV–vis spectroscopy, and rheological studies. Such networks potentially form a basis for the design of controlled drug release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Duc-Truc Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Philip Clements
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen F Lincoln
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Christopher J Easton
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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7
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Aloisio C, Longhi M. Diloxanide furoate binary complexes with β-, methyl-β-, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins: inclusion mode, characterization in solution and in solid state and in vitro dissolution studies. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:723-731. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1362435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aloisio
- CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcela Longhi
- CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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8
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Sharma A, Taniguchi J. Review: Emerging strategies for antimicrobial drug delivery to the ocular surface: Implications for infectious keratitis. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:670-679. [PMID: 28602948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infectious keratitis is a medical emergency that can cause severe visual morbidity if not treated promptly. Depending upon the causative microorganism, effective management of infectious keratitis requires frequent application of antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral eye drops, which may have low bioavailability, undesirable side effects, and poor patient compliance. Ocular formulations of antimicrobials that can increase corneal permeation and provide extended presence on ocular surface are being developed. Such formulations include nanoparticles, mucoadhesives, in situ forming hydrogels, and contact lenses. Testing of these formulations in in vitro models and ex vivo excised corneas, and in vivo rabbit testing have demonstrated increased bioavailability and extended presence on the cornea. Many of these formulations have also demonstrated success in treating infectious keratitis in animal models. However, the majority of studies have evaluated fluoroquinolone antibacterials, and more studies are needed to test the delivery of antifungal drugs. Moreover, additional efficacy data in animal models and future studies in humans to determine the duration of inhibitory concentrations of these antimicrobials in tear fluid will be required to prove the effectiveness of these formulations for clinical management of infectious keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Taniguchi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
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Electrochemical sensor based on β-cyclodextrin incorporating ion-sensitive membrane for determination of m-cresol. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Wintgens V, Lorthioir C, Dubot P, Sébille B, Amiel C. Cyclodextrin/dextran based hydrogels prepared by cross-linking with sodium trimetaphosphate. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:80-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Abranches PAS, Varejão EVV, da Silva CM, de Fátima Â, Magalhães TFF, da Silva DL, de Resende-Stoianoff MA, Reis S, Nascimento CS, de Almeida WB, Figueiredo IM, Fernandes SA. Complexes of fluconazole with sodium p-sulfonatocalix[n]arenes: characterization, solubility and antifungal activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05423k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at providing new formulations capable of improving the biopharmaceutical properties of fluconazole, we studied the formation of host–guest complexes of this antifungal agent with water-soluble sodium p-sulfonatocalix[n]arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. M. da Silva
- Departamento de Química
- ICEx
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Â. de Fátima
- Departamento de Química
- ICEx
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - T. F. F. Magalhães
- Departamento de Microbiologia
- ICB
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - D. L. da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia
- ICB
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | | | - S. Reis
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNAT)
- Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei
- São João Del Rei
- Brazil
| | - C. S. Nascimento
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNAT)
- Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei
- São João Del Rei
- Brazil
| | - W. B. de Almeida
- Laboratório de Química Computacional (LQC)
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Campus do Valonguinho
| | - I. M. Figueiredo
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas
- Maceió
- Brazil
| | - S. A. Fernandes
- Departamento de Química
- CCE
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa
- Brazil
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12
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Fernández-Ferreiro A, Fernández Bargiela N, Varela MS, Martínez MG, Pardo M, Piñeiro Ces A, Méndez JB, Barcia MG, Lamas MJ, Otero-Espinar F. Cyclodextrin-polysaccharide-based, in situ-gelled system for ocular antifungal delivery. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2903-11. [PMID: 25550757 PMCID: PMC4273241 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluconazole was studied with two different hydrophilic cyclodextrins (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD)) for the formation of inclusion complexes. HPBCD and SBECD showed low cell cytotoxicity in human keratocytes as assessed by the label-free xCELLigence system for real-time monitoring. The fluconazole–HPBCD complex was incorporated into an ion-sensitive ophthalmic gel composed of the natural polysaccharides gellan gum and κ-carrageenan. This system showed good bioadhesive properties and effective control of fluconazole release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 1570, Spain ; Pharmacy Department, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Travesía Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Noelia Fernández Bargiela
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 1570, Spain
| | - María Santiago Varela
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Conxo, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Rua Ramón Baltar s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Maria Gil Martínez
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Conxo, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Rua Ramón Baltar s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Maria Pardo
- Grupo Obesidomica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS-ISCIII), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Antonio Piñeiro Ces
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Conxo, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Rua Ramón Baltar s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - José Blanco Méndez
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 1570, Spain
| | - Miguel González Barcia
- Pharmacy Department, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Travesía Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Lamas
- Pharmacy Department, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Travesía Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - FranciscoJ Otero-Espinar
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 1570, Spain ; Industrial Pharmacy Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Praza Seminario de Estudos Galegos s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15701, Spain
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Canbolat MF, Celebioglu A, Uyar T. Drug delivery system based on cyclodextrin-naproxen inclusion complex incorporated in electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 115:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aloisio C, Gomes de Oliveira A, Longhi M. Characterization, inclusion mode, phase-solubility andin vitrorelease studies of inclusion binary complexes with cyclodextrins and meglumine using sulfamerazine as model drug. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:919-28. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.790408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Kutyła MJ, Boehm MW, Stokes JR, Shaw PN, Davies NM, McGeary RP, Tuke J, Ross BP. Cyclodextrin-crosslinked poly(acrylic acid): adhesion and controlled release of diflunisal and fluconazole from solid dosage forms. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:301-11. [PMID: 23307066 PMCID: PMC3581673 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The controlled release of diflunisal and fluconazole from tablets made of novel polymers, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) crosslinked with either β-cyclodextrin (βCD) or hydroxypropyl-βCD (HPβCD), was investigated and Carbopol 934P (Carbopol) was used as a highly crosslinked PAA for comparison. Diflunisal strongly associates with βCD-PAA and HPβCD-PAA polymers (Ka of 486 and 6,055 M(-1) respectively); thus, it was physically mixed into the conjugates and also precomplexed to identify whether decomplexation has any influence on release kinetics. Fluconazole has poor complexing ability (Ka of 34 M(-1) with HPβCD-PAA); thus, it was only tested as a physical mixture. Swelling and adhesion studies were conducted on all tablet combinations and adhesivity of the CD-PAA polymer tablets was maintained. Diflunisal release was much slower from HPβCD-PAA tablets than from βCD-PAA, suggesting that a higher degree of complexation retards release. The precomplexed diflunisal release was also slower than the physically mixed diflunisal of the corresponding conjugate. The release closely followed zero-order kinetics for HPβCD-PAA, but was more sigmoidal for βCD-PAA and especially Carbopol. Conversely, poorly associating fluconazole released in almost exactly the same way across both polymers and Carbopol, indicating that the release kinetics of poorly associating drugs are not influenced by the presence of cyclodextrins. In view of the varying profiles and release rates shown with diflunisal for the different polymers, the fluconazole data support the concept that adequate complexation can indeed modulate the release kinetics of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite J. Kutyła
- />School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Michael W. Boehm
- />School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Jason R. Stokes
- />School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - P. Nicholas Shaw
- />School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Nigel M. Davies
- />School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Ross P. McGeary
- />School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- />School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Jonathan Tuke
- />School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Ross
- />School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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