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Datta D, Priyanka Bandi S, Colaco V, Dhas N, Siva Reddy DV, Vora LK. Fostering the unleashing potential of nanocarriers-mediated delivery of ocular therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124192. [PMID: 38703931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Ocular delivery is the most challenging aspect in the field of pharmaceutical research. The major hurdle for the controlled delivery of drugs to the eye includes the physiological static barriers such as the complex layers of the cornea, sclera and retina which restrict the drug from permeating into the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Recent years have witnessed inventions in the field of conventional and nanocarrier drug delivery which have shown considerable enhancement in delivering small to large molecules across the eye. The dynamic challenges associated with conventional systems include limited drug contact time and inadequate ocular bioavailability resulting from solution drainage, tear turnover, and dilution or lacrimation. To this end, various bioactive-based nanosized carriers including liposomes, ethosomes, niosomes, dendrimer, nanogel, nanofibers, contact lenses, nanoprobes, selenium nanobells, nanosponge, polymeric micelles, silver nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles among others have been developed to circumvent the limitations associated with the conventional dosage forms. These nanocarriers have been shown to achieve enhanced drug permeation or retention and prolong drug release in the ocular tissue due to their better tissue adherence. The surface charge and the size of nanocarriers (10-1000 nm) are the important key factors to overcome ocular barriers. Various nanocarriers have been shown to deliver active therapeutic molecules including timolol maleate, ampicillin, natamycin, voriconazole, cyclosporine A, dexamethasone, moxifloxacin, and fluconazole among others for the treatment of anterior and posterior eye diseases. Taken together, in a nutshell, this extensive review provides a comprehensive perspective on the numerous facets of ocular drug delivery with a special focus on bioactive nanocarrier-based approaches, including the difficulties and constraints involved in the fabrication of nanocarriers. This also provides the detailed invention, applications, biodistribution and safety-toxicity of nanocarriers-based therapeutcis for the ophthalmic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjan Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
| | - Sony Priyanka Bandi
- Loka Laboratories Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal 500078, Telangana, India.
| | - Viola Colaco
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - D V Siva Reddy
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio TX78227, USA
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
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Vallejo R, Quinteros D, Gutiérrez J, Martínez S, Rodríguez Rojo S, Ignacio Tártara L, Palma S, Javier Arias F. Acetazolamide encapsulation in elastin like recombinamers using a supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process for glaucoma treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124098. [PMID: 38621614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma, the second most common cause of blindness worldwide, requires the development of new and effective treatments. This study introduces a novel controlled-release system utilizing elastin-like recombinamers (ELR) and the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) technique with supercritical CO2. Acetazolamide (AZM), a class IV drug with limited solubility and permeability, is successfully encapsulated in an amphiphilic ELR at three different ELR:AZM ratios, yielding up to 62 %. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals spherical microparticles that disintegrate into monodisperse nanoparticles measuring approximately 42 nm under physiological conditions. The nanoparticles, as observed via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), do not exhibit aggregates, a fact confirmed by the zeta potential displaying a value of -33 mV over a period of 30 days. Transcorneal permeation tests demonstrate a 10 % higher permeation level compared to the control solution, which increases to 30 % after 2 h. Ocular irritation tests demonstrate no adverse effects or damage. Intraocular pressure (IOP) tests conducted on hypertensive rabbits indicate greater effectiveness for all three analyzed formulations, suggesting enhanced drug bioavailability during treatment. Consequently, the combination of recombinant biopolymers and high-pressure techniques represents a promising approach for advancing glaucoma therapy, emphasizing its potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Vallejo
- Smart Devices for Nano Medicine Group, Unidad Excelencia Instituto de BioMedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM) de Valladolid, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain; BioEcoUVa, Research Institute on Bioeconomy, High Pressure Process Group, University of Valladolid, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Mergelina, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniela Quinteros
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Javier Gutiérrez
- Smart Devices for Nano Medicine Group, Unidad Excelencia Instituto de BioMedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM) de Valladolid, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sofía Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Soraya Rodríguez Rojo
- BioEcoUVa, Research Institute on Bioeconomy, High Pressure Process Group, University of Valladolid, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Mergelina, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Ignacio Tártara
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Palma
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Francisco Javier Arias
- Smart Devices for Nano Medicine Group, Unidad Excelencia Instituto de BioMedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM) de Valladolid, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.
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Srivastava N, Mishra V, Mishra Y, Ranjan A, Aljabali AAA, El-Tanani M, Alfagih IM, Tambuwala MM. Development and evaluation of a protease inhibitor antiretroviral drug-loaded carbon nanotube delivery system for enhanced efficacy in HIV treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123678. [PMID: 38065344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to enhance the effectiveness of the protease inhibitor antiretroviral drug by designing a novel delivery system using carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs). To achieve this, Fosamprenavir calcium (FPV), a prodrug of amprenavir known for inhibiting the proteolytic cleavage of immature virions, was selected as the protease inhibitor antiretroviral drug, and loaded onto COOH-MWCNTs using a direct loading method. The structural specificity of the drug-loaded MWCNTs, the percent entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release were rigorously evaluated for the developed formulation, referred to as FPV-MWCNT. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were employed to confirm the structural integrity and specificity of the FPV-MWCNT formulation. The results demonstrated a remarkable entrapment efficiency of 79.57 ± 0.4 %, indicating the successful loading of FPV onto COOH-MWCNTs. FE-SEM and AFM analyses further confirmed the well-dispersed and elongated structure of the FPV-MWCNT formulation, without any signs of fracture, ensuring the stability and integrity of the drug delivery system. Moreover, particle size analysis revealed an average size of 290.1 nm, firmly establishing the nanoscale range of the formulation, with a zeta potential of 0.230 mV, signifying the system's colloidal stability. In vitro drug release studies conducted in methanolic phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 and methanolic acetate buffer at pH 5 demonstrated sustained drug release from the FPV-MWCNT formulation. Over a period of 96 h, the formulation exhibited a cumulative drug release of 91.43 ± 2.3 %, showcasing the controlled and sustained release profile. Furthermore, hemolysis studies indicated a notable reduction in the toxicity of both FPV and MWCNT upon conjugation, although the percent hemolysis increased with higher concentrations, suggesting the need for careful consideration of dosage levels. In conclusion, the findings from this study underscore the potential of the FPV-MWCNT formulation as an effective and promising drug-conjugated system for delivering antiretroviral drugs. The successful encapsulation, sustained drug release, and reduced toxicity make FPV-MWCNT a compelling candidate for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs in the treatment of HIV. The developed delivery system holds great promise for future advancements in HIV treatment and paves the way for further research and development in the field of drug delivery utilizing carbon nanotube-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Abhigyan Ranjan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan; College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh ZIP 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, England, United Kingdom.
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Binkhathlan Z, Ali R, Alomrani AH, Abul Kalam M, Alshamsan A, Lavasanifar A. Role of Polymeric Micelles in Ocular Drug Delivery: An Overview of Decades of Research. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5359-5382. [PMID: 37769017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Local drug delivery to the eye through conventional means has faced many challenges due to three essential barriers: (a) the complex structure of the cornea limiting drug absorption, (b) the capacity of ocular absorptive cells in drug metabolism, and (c) the washing effect of eye tears. Polymeric micelles (PMs) have been the focus of much interest for ocular drug delivery due to several advantages they provide for this application, including the capacity for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs, nonirritability, nanoscopic diameter, and the clarity of their aqueous solution not interfering with vision. The potential to increase the release and residence time of incorporated medication at the site of absorption is also a bonus advantage for these delivery systems. This Review covers research conducted on single or mixed micelles prepared from small amphiphilic molecules, copolymers (diblock, triblock, and graft), and gel systems containing micelles. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the status of micellar ocular delivery systems for different indications, with a focus on preclinical and clinical drug development. In this context, we are discussing the anatomy of the eye, various ocular barriers, different micellar formulations, and their benefits in ocular drug delivery, as well as the role of PMs in the management of ocular diseases both in preclinical models and in clinic. The encouraging preclinical effectiveness findings from experiments conducted in both laboratory settings and live animals have paved the way for the advancement of micellar systems in clinical trials for ocular administration and the first nanomicallar formulation approved for clinical use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (marketed as Cequa by Sun Pharmaceuticals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Binkhathlan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H Alomrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Abul Kalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 V4, Canada
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Nemr AA, El-Mahrouk GM, Badie HA. Enhancement of ocular anti-glaucomic activity of agomelatine through fabrication of hyaluronic acid modified-elastosomes: formulation, statistical optimisation , in vitro characterisation, histopathological study, and in vivo assessment. J Microencapsul 2023; 40:423-441. [PMID: 37192318 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2215326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this manuscript was to fabricate agomelatine (AGM) loaded elastosomes to improve its corneal permeation and ocular bioavailability. AGM is a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II with low water solubility and high membrane permeability. It has a potent agonistic action on melatonin receptors, so it is used for glaucoma treatment. METHODS Elastosomes were made using modified ethanol injection technique according to a 22 × 41 full factorial design. The chosen factors were: edge activators (EAs) type, surfactant percent (SAA %w/w), and cholesterol:surfactant ratio (CH:SAA ratio). The studied responses were encapsulation efficiency percent (EE%), mean diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), percentage of drug released after two hours (Q2h%), and 24 hours (Q24h%). RESULTS The optimum formula with the desirability of 0.752 was composed of Brij98 as EA type, 15%w/w SAA%, and 1:1 CH:SAA ratio. It revealed EE% of 73.22%w/v and mean diameter, PDI, ZP, Q2h%, and Q24h% values of 484.25 nm, 0.31, -30.75 mV, 32.7%w/v, and 75.6%w/v, respectively. It demonstrated acceptable stability for three months and superior elasticity than its conventional liposome. The histopathological study ensured the tolerability of its ophthalmic application. Also, it was proven to be safe from the results of the pH and refractive index tests. The in vivo pharmacodynamic parameters of the optimum formula revealed dominance in a maximum % decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP), the area under the IOP response curve, and mean residence time with the value of 82.73%w/v, 820.69%h, and 13.98 h compared to that of the AGM solution (35.92%w/v, 181.30%h, and 7.52 h). CONCLUSIONS Elastosomes can be a promising option to improve AGM ocular bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ashraf Nemr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Galal Mohamed El-Mahrouk
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hany Abdo Badie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Xie G, Lin S, Wu F, Liu J. Nanomaterial-based ophthalmic drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115004. [PMID: 37433372 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The low bioavailability and side effects of conventional drugs for eye disease necessitate the development of efficient drug delivery systems. Accompanying the developments of nanofabrication techniques, nanomaterials have been recognized as promising tools to overcome these challenges due to their flexible and programmable properties. Given the advances achieved in material science, a broad spectrum of functional nanomaterials capable of overcoming various ocular anterior and posterior segment barriers have been explored to satisfy the demands for ocular drug delivery. In this review, we first highlight the unique functions of nanomaterials suitable for carrying and transporting ocular drugs. Then, various functionalization strategies are emphasized to endow nanomaterials with superior performance in enhanced ophthalmic drug delivery. The rational design of several affecting factors is essential for ideal nanomaterial candidates and is depicted as well. Lastly, we introduce the current applications of nanomaterial-based delivery systems in the therapy of different ocular anterior and posterior segment diseases. The limitations of these delivery systems as well as potential solutions are also discussed. This work will inspire innovative design thinking for the development of nanotechnology-mediated strategies for advanced drug delivery and treatment toward ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Sisi Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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7
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Gabai A, Zeppieri M, Finocchio L, Salati C. Innovative Strategies for Drug Delivery to the Ocular Posterior Segment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1862. [PMID: 37514050 PMCID: PMC10385847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative and new drug delivery systems (DDSs) have recently been developed to vehicle treatments and drugs to the ocular posterior segment and the retina. New formulations and technological developments, such as nanotechnology, novel matrices, and non-traditional treatment strategies, open new perspectives in this field. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight promising strategies reported in the current literature based on innovative routes to overcome the anatomical and physiological barriers of the vitreoretinal structures. The paper also describes the challenges in finding appropriate and pertinent treatments that provide safety and efficacy and the problems related to patient compliance, acceptability, effectiveness, and sustained drug delivery. The clinical application of these experimental approaches can help pave the way for standardizing the use of DDSs in developing enhanced treatment strategies and personalized therapeutic options for ocular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gabai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Lucia Finocchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Mostafa M, Al Fatease A, Alany RG, Abdelkader H. Recent Advances of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Prominence of Ocular Implants for Chronic Eye Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1746. [PMID: 37376194 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic ocular diseases can seriously impact the eyes and could potentially result in blindness or serious vision loss. According to the most recent data from the WHO, there are more than 2 billion visually impaired people in the world. Therefore, it is pivotal to develop more sophisticated, long-acting drug delivery systems/devices to treat chronic eye conditions. This review covers several drug delivery nanocarriers that can control chronic eye disorders non-invasively. However, most of the developed nanocarriers are still in preclinical or clinical stages. Long-acting drug delivery systems, such as inserts and implants, constitute the majority of the clinically used methods for the treatment of chronic eye diseases due to their steady state release, persistent therapeutic activity, and ability to bypass most ocular barriers. However, implants are considered invasive drug delivery technologies, especially those that are nonbiodegradable. Furthermore, in vitro characterization approaches, although useful, are limited in mimicking or truly representing the in vivo environment. This review focuses on long-acting drug delivery systems (LADDS), particularly implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS), their formulation, methods of characterization, and clinical application for the treatment of eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid G Alany
- School of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Tames KT1 2EE, UK
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Hamdy Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
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Li L, Jia F, Wang Y, Liu J, Tian Y, Sun X, Lei Y, Ji J. Trans-corneal drug delivery strategies in the treatment of ocular diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114868. [PMID: 37182700 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The cornea is a remarkable tissue that possesses specialized structures designed to safeguard the eye against foreign objects. However, its unique properties also make it challenging to deliver drugs in a non-invasive manner. This review highlights recent advancements in achieving highly efficient drug transport across the cornea, focusing on nanomaterials. We have classified these strategies into three main categories based on their mechanisms and have analyzed their success and limitations in a systematic manner. The purpose of this review is to examine potential general principles that could improve drug penetration through the cornea and other natural barriers in the eye. We hope it will inspire the development of more effective drug delivery systems that can better treat ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Key Laboratory of Myopia of Ministry of Health, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Fan Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Youxiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Key Laboratory of Myopia of Ministry of Health, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Yi Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Key Laboratory of Myopia of Ministry of Health, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Key Laboratory of Myopia of Ministry of Health, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
| | - Yuan Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Key Laboratory of Myopia of Ministry of Health, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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10
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Han H, Li S, Xu M, Zhong Y, Fan W, Xu J, Zhou T, Ji J, Ye J, Yao K. Polymer- and lipid-based nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery: Current status and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114770. [PMID: 36894134 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ocular diseases seriously affect patients' vision and life quality, with a global morbidity of over 43 million blindness. However, efficient drug delivery to treat ocular diseases, particularly intraocular disorders, remains a huge challenge due to multiple ocular barriers that significantly affect the ultimate therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Recent advances in nanocarrier technology offer a promising opportunity to overcome these barriers by providing enhanced penetration, increased retention, improved solubility, reduced toxicity, prolonged release, and targeted delivery of the loaded drug to the eyes. This review primarily provides an overview of the progress and contemporary applications of nanocarriers, mainly polymer- and lipid-based nanocarriers, in treating various eye diseases, highlighting their value in achieving efficient ocular drug delivery. Additionally, the review covers the ocular barriers and administration routes, as well as the prospective future developments and challenges in the field of nanocarriers for treating ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Li
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyang Zhong
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Fan
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinglian Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Wang J, Li B, Kompella UB, Yang H. Dendrimer and dendrimer gel-derived drug delivery systems: Breaking bottlenecks of topical administration of glaucoma medications. MEDCOMM - BIOMATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 2:e30. [PMID: 38562247 PMCID: PMC10983815 DOI: 10.1002/mba2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Due to high structural flexibility, multidrug carrying capability, and tunable size, dendrimers have been used as suitable carriers for ophthalmic drug delivery. Drug molecules can be either encapsulated or chemically coupled to dendrimers. The nanoscopic size, spheroidal shape, and cationic surface of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers promote their interaction with the cornea and result in prolonged precorneal retention. Dendrimers could be further cross-linked to produce three-dimensional hydrogel networks or dendrimer hydrogels (DH). The properties of the DH can be readily adjusted to maintain both fluidity and adhesiveness, making them suitable for developing topical ocular drug formulations. Micro-/nano-sized DHs, that is, dendrimer micro-/nano-gels, have unique properties such as ease of administration, large specific surface area for adhesion, and drug targeting functionalities, making them attractive for ophthalmic drug delivery. This perspective reports advances in PAMAM dendrimer based drug delivery systems including drug conjugates and micro- and nano-gels to enhance and sustain the delivery of multiple anti-glaucoma drugs, Dendrimer and dendrimer gel-derived drug delivery systems hold great potential as multifunctional topical drug delivery systems for the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Boxuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Uday B. Kompella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hu Yang
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
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12
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Ahmed S, Amin MM, Sayed S. Ocular Drug Delivery: a Comprehensive Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:66. [PMID: 36788150 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human eye is a sophisticated organ with distinctive anatomy and physiology that hinders the passage of drugs into targeted ophthalmic sites. Effective topical administration is an interest of scientists for many decades. Their difficult mission is to prolong drug residence time and guarantee an appropriate ocular permeation. Several ocular obstacles oppose effective drug delivery such as precorneal, corneal, and blood-corneal barriers. Routes for ocular delivery include topical, intravitreal, intraocular, juxtascleral, subconjunctival, intracameral, and retrobulbar. More than 95% of marketed products exists in liquid state. However, other products could be in semi-solid (ointments and gels), solid state (powder, insert and lens), or mixed (in situ gel). Nowadays, attractiveness to nanotechnology-based carries is resulted from their capabilities to entrap both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, enhance ocular permeability, sustain residence time, improve drug stability, and augment bioavailability. Different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo characterization approaches help to predict the outcomes of the constructed nanocarriers. This review aims to clarify anatomy of the eye, various ocular diseases, and obstacles to ocular delivery. Moreover, it studies the advantages and drawbacks of different ocular routes of administration and dosage forms. This review also discusses different nanostructured platforms and their characterization approaches. Strategies to enhance ocular bioavailability are also explained. Finally, recent advances in ocular delivery are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadek Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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13
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Vikash B, Shashi, Pandey NK, Kumar B, Wadhwa S, Goutam U, Alam A, Al-Otaibi F, Chaubey P, Mustafa G, Gupta G, Dua K, Singh SK. Formulation and evaluation of ocular self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of brimonidine tartrate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Osman SK, Yassin TM, Mohammed AM, Alfayomy AM, Abdellatif AA, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Hamd MAE, Sarhan H, Ibrahim MA. A Novel Approach for the Availability and Ocular Delivery of Tenoxicam Potassium: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo Application. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:44. [PMID: 36703092 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenoxicam (TX) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that can be used to control pain in various ophthalmic lesions like cataracts, refractive surgery, and corneal abrasion. TX has a very slightly aqueous solubility of 0.072 mg/mL resulting in difficulty to be formulated in ophthalmic solutions. This study aims to improve TX solubility by converting it into its potassium salt to achieve a target of 10 mg/mL (1%w/v) concentration of TX in the desired aqueous medium for the formulation of aqueous ophthalmic solutions. The synthesized TX salt was characterized by different evaluation parameters such as solubility studies, 1H NMR, IR, and elemental analyses. Different TX potassium solutions were formulated at concentrations of 0.5% and 1% w/v using different viscosity-imparting agents. The prepared solutions were characterized for their physicochemical properties including visual inspection, pH, rheological, in vitro release, and kinetic behavior. Also, the formulations were biologically evaluated in vivo using male albino rabbits. The obtained results showed the successful synthesis of TX salt, as indicated by IR and NMR, and elemental analysis. The solubility study showed that the solubility of TX was improved hugely to 18 mg/mL (250-fold). In addition, the results showed that the prepared formulations showed acceptable physicochemical properties. The highest release rate was obtained with formula F1, which contains no viscosity-imparting agents. While as, the lowest release rate was obtained in the case of formula F9, composed of Pluronic F127 (12% w/v). The in vivo results showed that TX optimized ophthalmic solutions F8 and F9 inhibited the redness and edema in an extended or sustained manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban K Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Taher M Yassin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minofia University, Minofia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M Alfayomy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Hatem Sarhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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15
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Nemr AA, El-Mahrouk GM, Badie HA. Hyaluronic acid-enriched bilosomes: an approach to enhance ocular delivery of agomelatine via D-optimal design: formulation, in vitro characterization, and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation in rabbits. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2343-2356. [PMID: 35869684 PMCID: PMC9477486 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agomelatine (AGO) is a dual-functional drug. It uses as an antidepressant when orally administrated and antiglaucomic when topically applied to the eye. This study aimed to formulate AGO into bilosomal vesicles for glaucoma treatment, as modern studies pointed out the effect of topical AGO on intraocular pressure for the treatment of glaucoma. A modified ethanol injection technique was used for the fabrication of AGO bilosomes according to a D-optimal design. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) to edge activator (EA) ratio, Hyaluronic acid percentage (HA%), and EA type were utilized as independent variables. The measured responses were percent entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), polydispersity index, zeta potential, percentage of drug released after 2 h (Q2h%), and 24 h (Q24h%). The optimal bilosomal formula (OB), with the desirability of 0.814 and the composition of 2:1 PC: EA ratio, 0.26% w/v HA and sodium cholate as EA, was subjected to further in vitro characterizations and in vivo evaluation studies. The OB formula had EE% of 81.81 ± 0.23%, PS of 432.45 ± 0.85 nm, Q2h% of 42.65 ± 0.52%, and Q24h% of 75.14 ± 0.39%. It demonstrated a higher elasticity than their corresponding niosomes with a typical spherical shape of niosomes by using transmission electron microscope. It exhibited acceptable stability over three months. pH and Refractive index measurements together with the histopathological study ensured that the OB formula is safe for the eye and causes no ocular irritation or blurred vision. The OB formula showed superiority in the in vivo pharmacodynamics parameters over the AGO solution, so AGO-loaded bilosome could improve ocular delivery and the bioavailability of agomelatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ashraf Nemr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Galal Mohamed El-Mahrouk
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hany Abdo Badie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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16
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Tawfik M, Chen F, Goldberg JL, Sabel BA. Nanomedicine and drug delivery to the retina: current status and implications for gene therapy. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:1477-1507. [PMID: 36107200 PMCID: PMC9630211 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Blindness affects more than 60 million people worldwide. Retinal disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and glaucoma, are the leading causes of blindness. Finding means to optimize local and sustained delivery of drugs or genes to the eye and retina is one goal to advance the development of new therapeutics. Despite the ease of accessibility of delivering drugs via the ocular surface, the delivery of drugs to the retina is still challenging due to anatomic and physiologic barriers. Designing a suitable delivery platform to overcome these barriers should enhance drug bioavailability and provide a safe, controlled, and sustained release. Current inventions for posterior segment treatments include intravitreal implants and subretinal viral gene delivery that satisfy these criteria. Several other novel drug delivery technologies, including nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, microneedles, liposomes, and nanowires, are now being widely studied for posterior segment drug delivery, and extensive research on gene delivery using siRNA, mRNA, or aptamers is also on the rise. This review discusses the current state of retinal drug/gene delivery and highlights future therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tawfik
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fang Chen
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Bernhard A Sabel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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17
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Kassem AA, Salama A, Mohsen AM. Formulation and optimization of cationic nanoemulsions for enhanced ocular delivery of dorzolamide hydrochloride using Box-Behnken design: In vitro and in vivo assessments. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Formulation Development and Evaluation of Pravastatin-Loaded Nanogel for Hyperlipidemia Management. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020081. [PMID: 35200462 PMCID: PMC8871575 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a crucial risk factor for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, ultimately leading to cardiovascular disease. The nanogel-based nanoplatform has emerged as an extremely promising drug delivery technology. Pravastatin Sodium (PS) is a cholesterol-lowering drug used to treat hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to fabricate Pravastatin-loaded nanogel for evaluation of its effect in hyperlipidemia treatment. Pravastatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PS-CS-NPs) were prepared by the ionic gelation method; then, these prepared NPs were converted to nanogel by adding a specified amount of 5% poloxamer solution. Various parameters, including drug entrapment efficacy, in vitro drug release, and hemolytic activity of the developed and optimized formulation, were evaluated. The in vitro drug release of the nanogel formulation revealed the sustained release (59.63% in 24 h) of the drug. The drug excipients compatibility studies revealed no interaction between the drug and the screened excipients. Higher drug entrapment efficacy was observed. The hemolytic activity showed lesser toxicity in nanoformulation than the pure drug solution. These findings support the prospective use of orally administered pravastatin-loaded nanogel as an effective and safe nano delivery system in hyperlipidemia treatment.
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19
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Asfour MH, Abd El-Alim SH, Awad GEA, Kassem AA. Chitosan/β-glycerophosphate in situ forming thermo-sensitive hydrogel for improved ocular delivery of moxifloxacin hydrochloride. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106041. [PMID: 34655737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current work is to develop a thermo-sensitive hydrogel system of moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX) for improved ocular delivery. Fifteen formulations were prepared at different concentrations of β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (β-GP) 12-20% (w/v) and chitosan (CS) 1.7-1.9% (w/v). The optimized MOX loaded thermo-sensitive hydrogel system (F8), consisting of CS (1.8%, w/v) and β-GP (16%, w/v), showed optimum gelation temperature (35 °C) and gelation time (2 min), thus was selected for further investigations. It showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the zeta potential value compared to CS solution with a favorable pH value (7.1) and confirmed thermoreversible behavior. MOX loaded F8 displayed a porous structure under scanning electron microscopy. Rheological investigation of MOX loaded F8 revealed the presence of a strong hydrogel network with high elasticity along with a small loss factor of 0.08 indicating a great ease of gel formation. The release of MOX from F8 was found to be governed by a combined mechanism of diffusion and relaxation. Biological assessment of two concentrations of MOX loaded F8 (0.25 and 0.5%) was conducted using healthy and infected male albino New Zealand rabbits, where an improved and prolonged antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus compared to plain MOX (0.5%), marketed MOX eye drops (0.5%), was shown. Moreover, histopathological examination of ocular tissues confirmed the antibacterial efficacy of the optimized formulation eight days post topical therapy. Consequently, the developed CS/β-GP thermo-sensitive hydrogel system (F8) reveals a promising potential for enhancing the ocular delivery of MOX for treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hasanein Asfour
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sameh Hosam Abd El-Alim
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ghada Elsayed Ahmed Awad
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alaa Kassem
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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20
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Arroyo-García CM, Quinteros D, Palma SD, Jiménez de los Santos CJ, Moyano JR, Rabasco AM, González-Rodríguez ML. Synergistic Effect of Acetazolamide-(2-hydroxy)propyl β-Cyclodextrin in Timolol Liposomes for Decreasing and Prolonging Intraocular Pressure Levels. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2010. [PMID: 34959292 PMCID: PMC8709067 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design, for the first time, a co-loaded liposomal formulation (CLL) for treatment of glaucoma including timolol maleate (TM) in the lipid bilayer and acetazolamide (Acz)-(2-hydroxy)propyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) complexes (AczHP) solubilized in the aqueous core of liposomes. Formulations with TM (TM-L) and AczHP (AczHP-L), separately, were also prepared and characterized. A preliminary study comprising the Acz/HPβCD complexes and their interaction with cholesterol (a component of the lipid bilayer) was realized. Then, a screening study on formulation factors affecting the quality of the product was carried out following the design of the experiment methodology. In addition, in vitro release and permeation studies and in vivo lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) studies were performed. The results of the inclusion complexation behavior, characterization, and binding ability of Acz with HPβCD showed that HPβCD could enhance the water solubility of Acz despite the weak binding ability of the complex. Ch disturbed the stability and solubility parameters of Acz due to the fact of its competence by CD; thus, Chems (steroid derivative) was selected for further liposome formulation studies. The optimization of the lipid bilayer composition (DDAB, 0.0173 mmol and no double loading) and the extrusion as methods to reduce vesicle size were crucial for improving the physico-chemical properties and encapsulation efficiency of both drugs. In vitro release and permeation studies demonstrated that the CLL formulation showed improvement in in vitro drug release and permeation compared to the liposomal formulations with a single drug (TM-L and AczHP-L) and the standard solutions (TM-S and AczHP-S). CLL showed high efficacy in reducing and prolonging IOP, suggesting that the synergistic effect of TM and Acz on aqueous humor retention and the presence of this cyclodextrin and liposomes as permeation enhancers are responsible for the success of this strategy of co-loading for glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Arroyo-García
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.A.-G.); (C.J.J.d.l.S.); (J.R.M.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Daniela Quinteros
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (D.Q.); (S.D.P.)
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Santiago D. Palma
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (D.Q.); (S.D.P.)
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Cesáreo J. Jiménez de los Santos
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.A.-G.); (C.J.J.d.l.S.); (J.R.M.); (A.M.R.)
| | - José R. Moyano
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.A.-G.); (C.J.J.d.l.S.); (J.R.M.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Antonio M. Rabasco
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.A.-G.); (C.J.J.d.l.S.); (J.R.M.); (A.M.R.)
| | - María Luisa González-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.A.-G.); (C.J.J.d.l.S.); (J.R.M.); (A.M.R.)
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21
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Abstract
Acetazolamide is the drug of choice for glaucoma treatment in an emergency. However, it is not available in any topical formulation and it is available only as systemic tablets. Despite its efficiency as a drug in decreasing intraocular pressure, it has negative systemic effects as renal toxicity and metabolic acidosis. Moreover, it suffers from poor aqueous solubility and low corneal permeability limiting its ocular bioavailability and its use topically. Cubosomes have enormous advantages as a drug delivery system, most importantly, high surface area, thermal stability, and ability to encapsulate hydrophobic, amhiphilic, and hydrophilic molecules. Herein, we have exploited the unique properties of cubosomes as a novel nano-delivery system for acetazolamide as eye drops dosage form for glaucoma treatment. Different acetazolamide-loaded cubosomes have been developed and evaluated. The best-optimized formulation (F5), was cubic shaped structure, with an average particle size of 359.5 ± 2.8 nm, surface charge −10.8 ± 3.2 mV, and 59.8% entrapment efficiency. Ex-vivo corneal permeation studies have revealed a 4-fold increase in acetazolamide permeability coefficient compared to that stated in the literature. F5 showed superior therapeutic efficacy represented by a 38.22% maximum decrease in intraocular pressure vs. 31.14 and 21.99% decrease for the commercial Azopt® eye drops and Cidamex® tablets, respectively. It also exhibited higher (AUC0–10) compared to Azopt® eye drops and Cidamex® tablets by 2.3 and 3 times, respectively. F5 showed mean residence time 4.22 h vs. 2.36 and 2.62 h for Azopt® and Cidamex® with no eye irritation observed according to the modified Draize test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study for developing acetazolamide-loaded cubosomes as the topical delivery system for glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Teba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October, Egypt
| | - Islam A Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October, Egypt
| | - Heba M El Sorogy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October, Egypt
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22
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Zhang J, Jiao J, Niu M, Gao X, Zhang G, Yu H, Yang X, Liu L. Ten Years of Knowledge of Nano-Carrier Based Drug Delivery Systems in Ophthalmology: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Future Prospective. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6497-6530. [PMID: 34588777 PMCID: PMC8473849 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s329831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex drug delivery barrier in the eye reduces the bioavailability of many drugs, resulting in poor therapeutic effects. It is necessary to investigate new drugs through appropriate delivery routes and vehicles. Nanotechnology has utilized various nano-carriers to develop potential ocular drug delivery techniques that interact with the ocular mucosa, prolong the retention time of drugs in the eye, and increase permeability. Additionally, nano-carriers such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nano-suspensions, nano-micelles, and nano-emulsions have grown in popularity as an effective theranostic application to combat different microbial superbugs. In this review, we summarize the nano-carrier based drug delivery system developments over the last decade, particularly review the biology, methodology, approaches, and clinical applications of nano-carrier based drug delivery system in the field of ocular therapeutics. Furthermore, this review addresses upcoming challenges, and provides an outlook on potential future trends of nano-carrier-based drug delivery approaches in ophthalmology, and hopes to eventually provide successful applications for treating ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, 261041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Department of Retina, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital, Hohhot, 010050, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
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23
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Mohsen AM. Cationic Polymeric Nanoparticles for Improved Ocular Delivery and Antimycotic Activity of Terconazole. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:458-468. [PMID: 34547306 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Terconazole (TCZ) is a broad-spectrum antifungal triazole that is particularly active against Candida species, but its poor water solubility hinders its ocular absorption and restricts its application. This study aims to fabricate TCZ-loaded cationic polymeric nanoparticles to enhance the ocular delivery and antimycotic activity of terconazole. TCZ-loaded nanoparticles were developed by nanoprecipitation method employing Eudragit RLPO®. They were characterized by entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). In-vitro antimycotic activity was evaluated by measuring zone of inhibition (ZI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The developed nanoparticles were spherical with moderate to high EE% (44.03-71.14%), a nanometric PS (49.41-78.72 nm), and a positively charged ZP (≥ +21.47). In-vitro release studies revealed sustained release of drug up to 24 h. FT-IR of TCZ-loaded nanoparticles revealed distinctive peaks for Eudragit RLPO® and Poloxamer-188, with disappearance of the TCZ characteristic peaks. XRPD revealed the amorphous state of TCZ within the polymer matrix. Mucoadhesive studies proved the mucoadhesive property of the developed TCZ nanoparticles. In-vitro antimycotic studies, assessed by ZI, MIC and MFC, revealed enhanced antimycotic activity of TCZ-loaded nanoparticles against Candida albicans, relative to plain TCZ. No irritation or abnormal changes to the rabbits' eyes for plain and medicated polymeric nanoparticles were found by the in-vivo Draize test. These findings reveal that the cationic polymeric nanoparticles can be regarded as a potential drug delivery system for enhancing the ocular antimycotic activity of TCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohamed Mohsen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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24
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Jounaki K, Makhmalzadeh BS, Feghhi M, Heidarian A. Topical ocular delivery of vancomycin loaded cationic lipid nanocarriers as a promising and non-invasive alternative approach to intravitreal injection for enhanced bacterial endophthalmitis management. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:105991. [PMID: 34517103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin (VCM) is a drug of choice for treating infections caused by Staphylococcus species, reported being the most causative agent of bacterial endophthalmitis. However, the ocular bioavailability of topically applied VCM is low due to its high molecular weight and hydrophilicity. The current study sought to explore whether the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) fabricated via cold homogenization technique could improve ocular penetration and prolong the ophthalmic residence of VCM. A 23 full factorial design was adopted to evaluate the influence of different process and formulation variables on VCM-loaded NLC formulae. The optimized formula with the particle size of 96.4 ± 0.71 nm and narrow size distribution showed spherical morphology obtained by AFM and represented sustained drug release up to 67% in 48 h fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with probably non-Fickian diffusion kinetic. FTIR studies visualized the drug-carrier interactions in great detail. High encapsulation of VCM (74.8 ± 4.3% w/w) in NLC has been established in DSC and PXRD analysis. The optimal positively charged (+ 29.7 ± 0.47 mV) colloidal dispersion was also stable for 12 weeks at both 4 °C and 25 °C. According to in vivo studies, incorporation of VCM in NLC resulted in a nearly 3-fold increase in the intravitreal concentration of VCM after eye-drop instillation over control groups. Besides, microbiological evaluation admitted its therapeutic effect within five days is comparable to intravitreal injection of VCM. Further, the optimized formula was found to be nonirritant and safe for ophthalmic administration in RBC hemolytic assay. Also, fluorescent tracking of NLCs on rabbit's cornea showed an increase in corneal penetration of nanoparticles. Thus, it is possible to infer that the evolved NLCs are promising drug delivery systems with superior attainments for enhanced Vancomycin ophthalmic delivery to the eye's posterior segment and improved bacterial endophthalmitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Jounaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behzad Sharif Makhmalzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Feghhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Asghar Heidarian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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25
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Jansook P, Hnin HM, Loftsson T, Stefánsson E. Cyclodextrin-based formulation of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for ocular delivery - A review. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120955. [PMID: 34332063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are used as systemic and topical agents for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma. Owing to the wide distribution of CAs and their physiological functions in various tissues, systemic administration of CAIs may lead to unwanted side effects. Thus, exploration of drugs targeting the specific CA isoenzyme in ocular tissues and application of the same as topical eye drops would be desirable. However, the anatomical and physiological barriers of the eyes can limit drug availability at the site. The very low aqueous solubility of CAI agents can further hamper drug bioavailability, consequently resulting in insufficient therapeutic efficacy. Solubilization of drugs using cyclodextrin (CD) complexes can enhance both solubility and permeability of the drugs. The use of CD for such purposes and development and testing of topical CAI eye drops containing CD have been discussed in detail. Further, pharmaceutical nanotechnology platforms were discussed in terms of investigation of their IOP-lowering efficacies. Future prospects in drug discovery and the use of CD nanoparticles and CD-based nanocarriers to develop potential topical CAI formulations have also been described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatsawee Jansook
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Hay Marn Hnin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Einar Stefánsson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, National University Hospital, University of Iceland, Landspitalinn, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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26
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Silva B, São Braz B, Delgado E, Gonçalves L. Colloidal nanosystems with mucoadhesive properties designed for ocular topical delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120873. [PMID: 34246741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last years, the scientific interest about topical ocular delivery targeting the posterior segment of the eye has been increasing. This is probably due to the fact that this is a non-invasive administration route, well tolerated by patients and with fewer local and systemic side effects. However, it is a challenging task due to the external ocular barriers, tear film clearance, blood flow in the conjunctiva and choriocapillaris and due to the blood-retinal barriers, amongst other features. An enhanced intraocular bioavailability of drugs can be achieved by either improving corneal permeability or by improving precorneal retention time. Regarding this last option, increasing residence time in the precorneal area can be achieved using mucoadhesive polymers such as xyloglucan, poly(acrylate), hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and carbomers. On the other hand, colloidal particles can interact with the ocular mucosa and enhance corneal and conjunctival permeability. These nanosystems are able to deliver a wide range of drugs, including macromolecules, providing stability and improving ocular bioavailability. New pharmaceutical approaches based on nanotechnology associated to bioadhesive compounds have emerged as strategies for a more efficient treatment of ocular diseases. Bearing this in mind, this review provides an overview of the current mucoadhesive colloidal nanosystems developed for ocular topical administration, focusing on their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Berta São Braz
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Esmeralda Delgado
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Lídia Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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27
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Moin A, Rizvi SMD, Hussain T, Gowda DV, Subaiea GM, Elsayed MMA, Ansari M, Alanazi AS, Yadav H. Current Status of Brain Tumor in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Application of Nanobiotechnology for Its Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:421. [PMID: 34063122 PMCID: PMC8148129 DOI: 10.3390/life11050421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain tumors are the most challenging of all tumors and accounts for about 3% of all cancer allied deaths. The aim of the present review is to examine the brain tumor prevalence and treatment modalities available in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of the application of various nanotechnology-based products for brain cancer treatments along with their prospective future advancements. METHODS A literature review was performed to identify and summarize the current status of brain cancer in Saudi Arabia and the scope of nanobiotechnology in its treatment. RESULTS Depending upon the study population data analysis, gliomas, astrocytoma, meningioma, and metastatic cancer have a higher incidence rate in Saudi Arabia than in other countries, and are mostly treated in accordance with conventional treatment modalities for brain cancer. Due to the poor prognosis of cancer, it has an average survival rate of 2 years. Conventional therapy includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and a combination thereof, but these do not control the disease's recurrence. Among the various nanomaterials discussed, liposomes and polymeric nanoformulations have demonstrated encouraging outcomes for facilitated brain cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS Nanomaterials possess the capacity to overcome the shortcomings of conventional therapies. Polymer-based nanomaterials have shown encouraging outcomes against brain cancer when amalgamated with other nano-based therapies. Nonetheless, nanomaterials could be devised that possess minimal toxicity towards normal cells or that specifically target tumor cells. In addition, rigorous clinical investigations are warranted to prepare them as an efficient and safe modality for brain cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.A.E.)
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.A.E.)
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - D. V. Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Gehad M. Subaiea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mustafa M. A. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.A.E.)
| | - Mukhtar Ansari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abulrahman Sattam Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Hemant Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates;
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28
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Bose S, Sharma P, Mishra V, Patial S, Saraogi GK, Tambuwala MM, Dua K. Comparative in vitro evaluation of glimepiride containing nanosuspension drug delivery system developed by different techniques. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Zhai Z, Cheng Y, Hong J. Nanomedicines for the treatment of glaucoma: Current status and future perspectives. Acta Biomater 2021; 125:41-56. [PMID: 33601065 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the global leading cause of irreversible blindness. It is a chronic progressive disorder and, therefore, often requires long-term management with drugs on patients' discretion. However, there is a shortage of antiglaucoma drugs in the current market due to their low bioavailability. This is because there are multiple biological barriers of the human eyes, thereby leading to increased demands for frequent dosage regimen per day of these drugs, which could result in concomitant side effects and eventually reduced patient compliance. Recently, nanomedicines have become optimized alternatives to conventional ophthalmic formulations due to advantages of improved barrier permeability, sustained drug release, tissue targeting, and lowered systemic absorption of instilled medications. These merits provide the active ingredients in these nanomedicines an effective manner to reach the ideal concentrations at sites of damaged nerves, offering a promising platform for neuroprotective treatment of these conditions. In this study, nanomedicines and nanomedicine-based novel strategies for pharmacotherapy of glaucoma were reviewed, including liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, and dendrimers. This article intends to offer a comprehensive review of frontier progresses as well as hotspots and issues that appeared in the field of nanomedicines, which may enable a practical flourish in the future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recent novel pharmaceutical strategies toward glaucoma, a chronic blinding ocular disease that currently requires frequent daily dosage regimen, based on nanomedicines and nanomaterials have been comprehensively reviewed in this manuscript. The collection of field hotspots and issues in the late years should offer a quick grasp of the general concept and up-to-date threads upon the refinement of existing treatment patterns for glaucoma. Meanwhile, the Conclusion and Future Perspective section given at the end of the text brings out the possible shortages and opinions in terms of ideal research direction, which hopefully could facilitate a future practical flourish in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Allam A, Elsabahy M, El Badry M, Eleraky NE. Betaxolol-loaded niosomes integrated within pH-sensitive in situ forming gel for management of glaucoma. Int J Pharm 2021; 598:120380. [PMID: 33609725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Blindness and impaired vision are considered as the most troublesome health conditions leading to significant socioeconomic strains. The current study focuses on development of nanoparticulate systems (i.e., niosomes) as drug vehicles to enhance the ocular availability of betaxolol hydrochloride for management of glaucoma. Betaxolol-loaded niosomes were further laden into pH-responsive in situ forming gels to further extend precorneal retention of the drug. The niosomes were evaluated in terms of vesicle size, morphology, size distribution, surface charge and encapsulation efficiency. The optimized niosomes, comprised of Span® 40 and cholesterol at a molar ratio of 4:1, displayed particle size of 332 ± 7 nm, zeta potential of -46 ± 1 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 69 ± 5%. The optimal nanodispersion was then incorporated into a pH-triggered in situ forming gel comprised of Carbopol® 934P and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The formed gels were translucent, pseudoplastic, mucoadhesive, and displayed a sustained in vitro drug release pattern. Upon instillation of the betaxolol-loaded niosomal gel into rabbits' eyes, a prolonged intraocular pressure reduction and significant enhancement in the relative bioavailability of betaxolol (280 and 254.7%) in normal and glaucomatous rabbits, were attained compared to the marketed eye drops, respectively. Hence, the developed pH-triggered nanoparticulate gelling system might provide a promising carrier for ophthalmic drug delivery and for improved augmentation of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Allam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Science Academy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud El Badry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Nermin E Eleraky
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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31
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Morais M, Coimbra P, Pina ME. Comparative Analysis of Morphological and Release Profiles in Ocular Implants of Acetazolamide Prepared by Electrospinning. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:260. [PMID: 33671936 PMCID: PMC7919046 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual impairment that often leads to blindness causes a higher morbidity rate. The goal of this work is to create a novel biodegradable polymeric implant obtained from coaxial fibers containing the dispersed drug-acetazolamide-in order to achieve sustained drug release and increase patient compliance, which is of the highest importance. Firstly, during this work, uncoated implants were produced by electrospinning, and rolled in the shape of small cylinders that were composed of uniaxial and coaxial fibers with immobilized drug inside. The fibers were composed by PCL (poly ε-caprolactone) and Lutrol F127 (poly (oxyethylene-b-oxypropylene-b-oxyethylene)). The prepared implants exhibited a fast rate of drug release, which led to the preparation of new implants incorporating the same formulation but with an additional coating film prepared by solvent casting and comprising PCL and Lutrol F127 or PCL and Luwax EVA 3 ((poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)). Implants were characterized and in vitro release profiles of acetazolamide were obtained in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C. The release profile of the acetazolamide from coated implant containing Luwax EVA 3 is considerably slower than what was observed in case of coated implants containing Lutrol F127, allowing a sustained release and an innovation relatively to other ocular drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Morais
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Coimbra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II—Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal;
- FFUC, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, University Coimbra, CIEPQPF, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Eugénia Pina
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- FFUC, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, University Coimbra, CIEPQPF, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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32
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Abdelmonem R, Elhabal SF, Abdelmalak NS, El-Nabarawi MA, Teaima MH. Formulation and Characterization of Acetazolamide/Carvedilol Niosomal Gel for Glaucoma Treatment: In Vitro, and In Vivo Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020221. [PMID: 33562785 PMCID: PMC7915822 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetazolamide (ACZ) is a diuretic used in glaucoma treatment; it has many side effects. Carvedilol (CAR) is a non-cardioselective beta-blocker used in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure; it is subjected to the first-pass metabolism and causes fluids accumulation leading to edema. This study focuses on overcoming previous side effects by using a topical formula of a combination of the two previous drugs. Sixty formulations of niosomes containing Span 20, Span 60, Tween 20, and Tween 60 with two different ratios were prepared and characterized. Formulation with the lowest particle size (416.30 ± 0.23), the highest zeta potential (72.04 ± 0.43 mv), and the highest apparent coefficient of corneal permeability (0.02 ± 0.29 cm/h) were selected. The selected formula was incorporated into the gel using factorial design 23. Niosomes (acetazolamide/carvedilol) consisting of Span 60 and cholesterol in the molar ratio (7:6), HMPC, and carbopol with two different ratios were used. The selected formula was subjected to an in vivo study of intraocular pressure in ocular hypertensive rabbits for 60 h. The sustained gel formula of the combination decreased (IOP) to normal after 1 h and sustained efficacy for 4 days. Histological analysis of rabbit eyeballs treated with the selected formula showed improvement in glaucomatous eye retinal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Abdelmonem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt;
| | - Sammar F. Elhabal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo 11571, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-010-088-56536
| | - Nevine S. Abdelmalak
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (N.S.A.); (M.A.E.-N.); (M.H.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Km 22 Cairo-Alex Road, Giza 12256, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (N.S.A.); (M.A.E.-N.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Mahmoud H. Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (N.S.A.); (M.A.E.-N.); (M.H.T.)
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33
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Khiev D, Mohamed ZA, Vichare R, Paulson R, Bhatia S, Mohapatra S, Lobo GP, Valapala M, Kerur N, Passaglia CL, Mohapatra SS, Biswal MR. Emerging Nano-Formulations and Nanomedicines Applications for Ocular Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010173. [PMID: 33445545 PMCID: PMC7828028 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ocular diseases can deteriorate vision to the point of blindness and thus can have a major impact on the daily life of an individual. Conventional therapies are unable to provide absolute therapy for all ocular diseases due to the several limitations during drug delivery across the blood-retinal barrier, making it a major clinical challenge. With recent developments, the vast number of publications undergird the need for nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems in treating ocular diseases. The tool of nanotechnology provides several essential advantages, including sustained drug release and specific tissue targeting. Additionally, comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested a better uptake of nanoparticles across ocular barriers. Nanoparticles can overcome the blood-retinal barrier and consequently increase ocular penetration and improve the bioavailability of the drug. In this review, we aim to summarize the development of organic and inorganic nanoparticles for ophthalmic applications. We highlight the potential nanoformulations in clinical trials as well as the products that have become a commercial reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawin Khiev
- MSPN Graduate Programs, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.K.); (Z.A.M.); (R.V.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Zeinab A. Mohamed
- MSPN Graduate Programs, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.K.); (Z.A.M.); (R.V.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Riddhi Vichare
- MSPN Graduate Programs, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.K.); (Z.A.M.); (R.V.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Ryan Paulson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Sofia Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Glenn P. Lobo
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Mallika Valapala
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA;
| | - Nagaraj Kerur
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | | | - Shyam S. Mohapatra
- MSPN Graduate Programs, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.K.); (Z.A.M.); (R.V.); (S.S.M.)
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Manas R. Biswal
- MSPN Graduate Programs, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.K.); (Z.A.M.); (R.V.); (S.S.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (R.P.); (S.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-974-8333
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Donia M, Osman R, Awad GAS, Mortada N. Polypeptide and glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide as stabilizing polymers in nanocrystals for a safe ocular hypotensive effect. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1699-1710. [PMID: 32777429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Improved ocular delivery of a poorly soluble anti-glaucoma drug, acetazolamide (ACZ), in a stable nanosuspension (NS) was the main target of the study. The anionic polypeptide, poly-γ-glutamic acid (PG) and the glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid, were used to stabilize ACZ-NS prepared using the antisolvent precipitation (AS-PT) coupled with sonication technique. To endue in site biocompatibility with high tolerability, soya lecithin (SL) phospholipid has been also combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). NS with uniform PS in the range 100-300 nm, high ζ > ±20 mV, and enhanced saturation solubility were produced. Targeting solvent removal with control on future particle growth, post-production processing of NS was done using spray drying. The carriers' composition and amount relative to ACZ-NS were optimized to allow for the production of a redispersible dry crystalline powder. Particles crystallinity was confirmed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in liquid and spray dried NS. The modified Draize test proved the safety and tolerability following application to rabbit eyes accompanying an efficient ocular hypotensive activity using a steroid glaucoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Donia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African organization unity street, P.O. Box 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rihab Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African organization unity street, P.O. Box 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehanne A S Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African organization unity street, P.O. Box 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahed Mortada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African organization unity street, P.O. Box 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Kesavan K, Mohan P, Gautam N, Sheffield VC. Topical Ocular Delivery of Nanocarriers: A Feasible Choice for Glaucoma Management. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5518-5532. [PMID: 32938345 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200916145609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Topical ocular delivery is an acceptable and familiar approach for the treatment of common ocular diseases. Novel strategies for the treatment of inherited eye diseases include new pharmacologic agents, gene therapy and genome editing, which lead to the expansion of new management options for eye disorders. The topical ocular delivery of nanocarriers is a technique, which has the potential to facilitate novel treatments. Nanocarrier- based strategies have proven effective for site-targeted delivery. This review summarizes recent development in the area of topical delivery of different nanocarriers (Polymer, Vesicular and dispersed systems) for the management of glaucoma, a group of ocular disorders characterized by progressive and accelerated degeneration of the axons of retinal ganglion cells, which make up the optic nerve. Unique cellular targets for glaucoma treatment, primarily the trabecular meshwork of the anterior segment of the eye, make glaucoma facilitated by the use of nanocarriers an ideal disorder for novel molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Kesavan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, C.G. 495009, India
| | - Parasuraman Mohan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, C.G. 495009, India
| | - Nivedita Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, C.G. 495009, India
| | - Val C Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA, 52242, United States
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Fabrication of Transgelosomes for Enhancing the Ocular Delivery of Acetazolamide: Statistical Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and In Vivo Study. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050465. [PMID: 32443679 PMCID: PMC7284610 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetazolamide (ACZ) is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of glaucoma. Its oral administration causes various undesirable side effects. This study aimed to formulate transgelosomes (TGS) for enhancing the ocular delivery of ACZ. ACZ-loaded transfersomes were formulated by the ethanol injection method, using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and different edge activators, including Tween 80, Span 60, and Cremophor RH 40. The effects of the ratio of lipid to surfactant and type of surfactant on % drug released after 8 h (Q8h) and entrapment efficiency (EE%) were investigated by using Design-Expert software. The optimized formula was formulated as TGS, using poloxamers as gelling agents. In vitro and in vivo characterization of ACZ-loaded TGS was performed. According to optimization study, F8 had the highest desirability value and was chosen as the optimized formula for preparing TGS. F8 appeared as spherical elastic nanovesicles with Q8h of 93.01 ± 3.76% and EE% of 84.44 ± 2.82. Compared to a free drug, TGS exhibited more prolonged drug release of 71.28 ± 0.46% after 8 h, higher ex vivo permeation of 66.82 ± 1.11% after 8 h and a significant lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP) for 24 h. Therefore, TGS provided a promising technique for improving the corneal delivery of ACZ.
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Fathalla D, Fouad EA, Soliman GM. Latanoprost niosomes as a sustained release ocular delivery system for the management of glaucoma. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:806-813. [PMID: 32281424 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1755305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Whereas latanoprost is one of the most effective drugs in glaucoma treatment, its eye drops need frequent application leading to lack of patient adherence. This study aimed to develop a patient-friendly niosome-in-gel system for the sustained ocular delivery of latanoprost.Methods: Niosomes were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation technique and optimized for different formulation parameters, such as cholesterol/surfactant and drug/surfactant ratios. Selected niosomal formulations were incorporated into different gels and their viscosity and drug release kinetics were evaluated. Optimal niosomal gel was evaluated in vivo in rabbits' eyes for irritation potential and ability to reduce intraocular pressure.Results: FT-IR studies showed that there were nonspecific interactions between latanoprost and different niosomal components leading to drug encapsulation efficiency ≥88%. Latanoprost encapsulation efficiency increased with the drug/surfactant ratio and encapsulation efficiency ∼98% was obtained at a ratio of 50%. Pluronic® F127 had the best ability to sustain drug release from the niosomes. In rabbits' eyes, this gel was free of toxic and irritant effects and reduced intraocular pressure over a period of three days, which was significantly longer than that of commercial latanoprost eye drops.Conclusion: Latanoprost niosomal Pluronic® F127 gel may find applications in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Fathalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ehab A Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ghareb M Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Lazaridou M, Christodoulou E, Nerantzaki M, Kostoglou M, Lambropoulou DA, Katsarou A, Pantopoulos K, Bikiaris DN. Formulation and In-Vitro Characterization of Chitosan-Nanoparticles Loaded with the Iron Chelator Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFO). Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E238. [PMID: 32156022 PMCID: PMC7150847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) for slow release of this iron-chelating drug. Drug nanoencapsulation was performed via ionic gelation of chitosan using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as cross-linker. Nanoparticles with a size ranging between 150 and 400 nm were prepared for neat CS/TPP with a 2/1 molar ratio while their yield was directly dependent on the applied stirring rate during the preparation process. DFO at different content (20, 45 and 75 wt %) was encapsulated into these nanoparticles. We found that drug loading correlates with increasing DFO content while the entrapment efficiency has an opposite behavior due to the high solubility of DFO. Hydrogen-bonding between amino and hydroxyl groups of DFO with reactive groups of CS were detected using FT-IR spectroscopy while X-ray diffraction revealed that DFO was entrapped in amorphous form in the CS nanoparticles. DFO release is directly dependent on the content of loaded drug, while model analysis revealed that the release mechanism of DFO for the CS/TPP nanoparticles is by diffusion. Treatment of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages with nanoencapsulated DFO promoted an increased expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) mRNA, a typical homeostatic response to iron deficiency. These data provide preliminary evidence for release of pharmacologically active DFO from the chitosan nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lazaridou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (E.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (E.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Maria Nerantzaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (E.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Margaritis Kostoglou
- Laboratory of General and Inorganic Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitra A. Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Angeliki Katsarou
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (E.C.); (M.N.)
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Suri R, Beg S, Kohli K. Target strategies for drug delivery bypassing ocular barriers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Even though significant advances have been made in its management, currently available antiglaucoma therapies suffer from considerable drawbacks. Typically, the success and efficacy of glaucoma medications are undermined by their limited bioavailability to target tissues and the inadequate adherence demonstrated by patients with glaucoma. The latter is due to a gradual decrease in tolerability of lifelong topical therapies and the significant burden to patients of prescribed stepwise antiglaucoma regimens with frequent dosing which impact quality of life. On the other hand, glaucoma surgery is restricted by the inability of antifibrotic agents to efficiently control the wound healing process without causing severe collateral damage and long-term complications. Evolution of the treatment paradigm for patients with glaucoma will ideally include prevention of retinal ganglion cell degeneration by the successful delivery of neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory drugs, and gene therapies. Nanotechnology-based treatments may surpass the limitations of currently available glaucoma therapies through optimized targeted drug delivery, increased bioavailability, and controlled release. This review addresses the recent advances in glaucoma treatment strategies employing nanotechnology, including medical and surgical management, neuroregeneration, and neuroprotection.
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Emad Eldeeb A, Salah S, Ghorab M. Proniosomal gel-derived niosomes: an approach to sustain and improve the ocular delivery of brimonidine tartrate; formulation, in-vitro characterization, and in-vivo pharmacodynamic study. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:509-521. [PMID: 31090464 PMCID: PMC6534210 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1609622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brimonidine tartrate (BRT) is a hydrophilic α2 adrenergic agonist used for the treatment of glaucoma. Glaucoma is an ocular disease affecting the anterior segment of the eye requiring lifetime treatment. Owing to the obstacles facing ocular delivery systems and hydrophilicity of BRT, frequent administration of the eye drops is required. Niosomes have been widely used to improve the ocular bioavailability of the topically applied drugs and to enhance the ocular residence time. However, they have drawbacks as physical instability, aggregation, and loss of the entrapped drug. For this reason, BRT proniosomes were prepared to overcome niosomal instability issues. A D-optimal design was utilized to determine the optimum conditions for preparation of the proniosomal gels. Independent variables were amount of surfactant, surfactant:cholesterol ratio, and type of surfactant used. The dependent variables were entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size, percentage of drug released after 2 h (Q2h), and percentage of drug released after 24 h (Q24h). The optimum formula was suggested with desirability 0.732 and the composition of 540 mg Span 60 and 10:1 surfactant:cholesterol ratio. The results obtained after reconstitution were; EE% of 79.23 ± 1.12% particle size of 810.95 ± 16.758 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.6785 ± 0.213, zeta potential 59.1 ± 0.99 mV, Q2h40.98 ± 1.29%, Q8h 63.35 ± 6.07%, and Q24h = 91.11 ± 1.76%. Transmission electron microscope imaging of the formula showed the typical spherical shape of niosomes. In-vivo pharmacodynamic study assured the improved ocular bioavailability of BRT selected formula when compared with Alphagan®P with relative AUC0-24 of 5.024 and 7.90 folds increase in the mean residence time (MRT). Lack of ocular irritation of the formula was assured by Draize test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Emad Eldeeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa Salah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ghorab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Supuran CT, Altamimi ASA, Carta F. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition and the management of glaucoma: a literature and patent review 2013-2019. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:781-792. [PMID: 31596641 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1679117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Glaucoma affects more than 70 million people worldwide. One of the major therapeutic options for its management is based on the inhibition of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). CA inhibitors (CAIs) diminish ocular hypertension in glaucomatous patients by reducing the rate of bicarbonate formation and thus, the secretion of the aqueous humor. Areas covered: This review is intended to cover the major contributions in terms of patent literature reports for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases by means of CAIs in a time frame spanning from 2013 to date. Expert opinion: The patent literature is dominated by innovative pharmaceutical formulations including a CAI alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents. Very few novelties within drug discovery are currently present and they mainly account for new CAI moieties and classical CAIs merged into scaffolds bearing additional chemical functionalities beneficial for the pharmacological treatment of the disease. It is reasonable to expect that in the near future the so-called 'old drugs' will achieve pharmacological performances in the management of ocular hypertension beyond any expectations and thus open a new era of drug repurposing merely based on material science advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) , Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) , Italy
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Khattab A, Marzok S, Ibrahim M. Development of optimized mucoadhesive thermosensitive pluronic based in situ gel for controlled delivery of Latanoprost: Antiglaucoma efficacy and stability approaches. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Eldeeb AE, Salah S, Ghorab M. Formulation and evaluation of cubosomes drug delivery system for treatment of glaucoma: Ex-vivo permeation and in-vivo pharmacodynamic study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Gómez-Ballesteros M, Andrés-Guerrero V, Parra FJ, Marinich J, de-Las-Heras B, Molina-Martínez IT, Vázquez-Lasa B, San Román J, Herrero-Vanrell R. Amphiphilic Acrylic Nanoparticles Containing the Poloxamer Star Bayfit® 10WF15 as Ophthalmic Drug Carriers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1213. [PMID: 31331090 PMCID: PMC6680529 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical application of drops containing ocular drugs is the preferred non-invasive route to treat diseases that affect the anterior segment of the eye. However, the formulation of eye drops is a major challenge for pharmacists since the access of drugs to ocular tissues is restricted by several barriers. Acetazolamide (ACZ) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used orally for the treatment of ocular hypertension in glaucoma. However, large ACZ doses are needed which results in systemic side effects. Recently, we synthesized copolymers based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and a functionalized three-arm poloxamer star (Bayfit-MA). The new material (HEMA/Bayfit-MA) was engineered to be transformed into nanoparticles without the use of surfactants, which represents a significant step forward in developing new ophthalmic drug delivery platforms. Acetazolamide-loaded nanocarriers (ACZ-NPs) were prepared via dialysis (224 ± 19 nm, -17.2 ± 0.4 mV). The in vitro release rate of ACZ was constant over 24 h (cumulative delivery of ACZ: 83.3 ± 8.4%). Following standard specifications, ACZ-NPs were not cytotoxic in vitro in cornea, conjunctiva, and macrophages. In normotensive rabbits, ACZ-NPs generated a significant intraocular pressure reduction compared to a conventional solution of ACZ (16.4% versus 9.6%) with the same dose of the hypotensive drug (20 µg). In comparison to previously reported studies, this formulation reduced intraocular pressure with a lower dose of ACZ. In summary, HEMA:Bayfit-MA nanoparticles may be a promising system for ocular topical treatments, showing an enhanced ocular bioavailability of ACZ after a single instillation on the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gómez-Ballesteros
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Andrés-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Jesús Parra
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, and CIBER-BBN, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Marinich
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de-Las-Heras
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Teresa Molina-Martínez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Vázquez-Lasa
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, and CIBER-BBN, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio San Román
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, and CIBER-BBN, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero-Vanrell
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Obiedallah MM, Abdel-Mageed AM, Elfaham TH. Ocular administration of acetazolamide microsponges in situ gel formulations. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:909-920. [PMID: 30416345 PMCID: PMC6218851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the antiglaucoma drug, acetazolamide, was formulated as microsponges in situ gel for ocular drug delivery aiming an improved therapeutic efficacy and reduction in the systemic side effects of oral acetazolamide. The microsponges were prepared by the quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method and were incorporated into 25% pluronic F-127 in situ gel. Ethyl cellulose polymer in different proportions with drug was used to prepare the microsponges. Different parameters were evaluated to select the best formulation. The formula S2 with drug to polymer ratio (2:1) showed high entrapment efficiency of about 82% and mean particle size of about 10 µm with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.22, which are suitable characters for ocular delivery. The in situ gels were evaluated for physicochemical properties (pH, gelling capacity, gelation time and rheological properties) and in vivo studies. S2 formulation showed higher therapeutic efficacy compared to free drug in gel. It was non irritant to the rabbit's eye. These results indicated that acetazolamide microsponges in situ gel have potential ability for ophthalmic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar M Obiedallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - A M Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tahani H Elfaham
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zeng Y, Chen J, Li Y, Huang J, Huang Z, Huang Y, Pan X, Wu C. Thermo-sensitive gel in glaucoma therapy for enhanced bioavailability: In vitro characterization, in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics study. Life Sci 2018; 212:80-86. [PMID: 30268857 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glaucoma is a chronic ophthalmic disease, which has become one of the leading causes to progressive and irreversible blindness. Current ophthalmic drug delivery to treat glaucoma is mostly eyedrop, whose rapid elimination on corneal surface can lead to poor bioavailability. The present study was aimed to develop a timolol maleate loaded thermo-sensitive gel (TM-TSG) with improved bioavailability to treat glaucoma. MAIN METHODS TM-TSG was prepared by homogeneously dispersing 0.3% (w/v) timolol maleate, 24.25% (w/v) poloxamer 407 (P407) and 1.56% (w/v) poloxamer 188 (P188) into phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4) and the formulated TM-TSG was characterized. KEY FINDINGS TM-TSG was stored in liquid form at room temperature (25 °C) and transited to semisolid gel at physiological temperature (32 °C). The rheological property of TM-TSG was in favor of uniform distribution of drug. TM-TSG showed good stability at different conditions including centrifugation, autoclaving and different temperature. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies indicated that TM-TSG could enhance absorption of TM in aqueous humor and improve the ocular bioavailability in comparison of commercial TM eyedrops. In vivo experiment result showed that TM-TSG had greater effect in treating glaucoma than TM eyedrops by sustainably lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) for a week. Moreover, slit lamp test and histopathological analysis demonstrated that TM-TSG had excellent biocompatibility. SIGNIFICANCE TM-TSG could be a promising ophthalmic delivery system for glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmei Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jintian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yanrong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jiayuan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Lancina MG, Wang J, Williamson GS, Yang H. DenTimol as A Dendrimeric Timolol Analogue for Glaucoma Therapy: Synthesis and Preliminary Efficacy and Safety Assessment. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2883-2889. [PMID: 29767982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of DenTimol, a dendrimer-based polymeric timolol analog, as a glaucoma medication. A timolol precursor ( S)-4-[4-(oxiranylmethoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl]morpholine (OTM) was reacted with the heterobifunctional amine polyethylene glycol acetic acid (amine-PEG-acetic acid, Mn = 2000 g/mol) via a ring opening reaction of an epoxide by an amine to form the OTM-PEG conjugate. OTM-PEG was then coupled to an ethylenediamine (EDA) core polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3 to generate DenTimol using the N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)- N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/ N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) coupling reaction. MALDI mass spectrometry, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and HPLC were applied to characterize the intermediate and final products. Ex vivo corneal permeation of DenTimol was assessed using the Franz diffusion cell system mounted with freshly extracted rabbit cornea. The cytotoxicity of DenTimol was assessed using the WST-1 assay. Our results show that DenTimol is nontoxic up to an OTM equivalent concentration of 100 μM. DenTimol is efficient at crossing the cornea. About 8% of the dendrimeric drug permeated through the cornea in 4 h. Its IOP-lowering effect was observed in normotensive adult Brown Norway male rats. Compared to the undosed eye, an IOP reduction by an average of 7.3 mmHg (∼30% reduction from baseline) was observed in the eye topically treated with DenTimol (2 × 5 μL, 0.5% w/v timolol equivalent) in less than 30 min. Daily dosing of DenTimol for a week did not cause any irritation or toxicity as confirmed by the histological examination of ocular tissues, including the cornea, ciliary body, and retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Lancina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Chemical & Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States
| | - Geoffrey S Williamson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical & Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States.,Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
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E. Ibrahim K, O. Bakhiet A, Khan A, A. Khan H. Recent Trends in Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.13005/bbra/2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been enormous developments in utilizing the potential of nanotechnology in different fields including biomedical sciences. The most remarkable biomedical applications of nanoparticles (NPs) are in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Functionalization of NPs renders them unique properties so that they can be used as contrast agent for dual or triple modal imaging. The design and synthesis of new generation NPs aiming at targeted drug delivery has revolutionized the safe and effective therapies for complex and difficult to treat diseases. The theranostic NPs possess the dual capabilities for disease diagnosis and treatment. This review highlights the biomedical applications of NPs based on recent reports published in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid E. Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ayaat Khan
- Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Janagam DR, Wu L, Lowe TL. Nanoparticles for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 122:31-64. [PMID: 28392306 PMCID: PMC6057481 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available ocular drug delivery systems are effective but less efficacious to manage diseases/disorders of the anterior segment of the eye. Recent advances in nanotechnology and molecular biology offer a great opportunity for efficacious ocular drug delivery for the treatments of anterior segment diseases/disorders. Nanoparticles have been designed for preparing eye drops or injectable solutions to surmount ocular obstacles faced after administration. Better drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, non-specific toxicity, immunogenicity, and biorecognition can be achieved to improve drug efficacy when drugs are loaded in the nanoparticles. Despite the fact that a number of review articles have been published at various points in the past regarding nanoparticles for drug delivery, there is not a review yet focusing on the development of nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. This review fills in the gap and summarizes the development of nanoparticles as drug carriers for improving the penetration and bioavailability of drugs to the anterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep R Janagam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Linfeng Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tao L Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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