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Rattan A, Malemnganba T, Sagar, Prajapati VK. Exploring structural engineering approach to formulate and characterize next-generation adjuvants. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:59-90. [PMID: 38762280 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
It is critical to emphasize the importance of vaccination as it protects us against harmful pathogens. Despite significant progress in vaccine development, there is an ongoing need to develop vaccines that are not only safe but also highly effective in protecting against severe infections. Subunit vaccines are generally safe, but they frequently fail to elicit strong immune responses. As a result, there is a need to improve vaccine effectiveness by combining them with adjuvants, which have the potential to boost the immune system many folds. The process of developing these adjuvants requires searching for molecules capable of activating the immune system, combining these promising compounds with an antigen, and then testing this combination using animal models before approving it for clinical use. Liposomal adjuvants work as delivery adjuvants and its activity depends on certain parameters such as surface charge, vesicle size, surface modification and route of administration. Self-assembly property of peptide adjuvants and discovery of hybrid peptides have widened the scope of peptides in vaccine formulations. Since most pathogenic molecules are not peptide based, phage display technique allows for screening peptide mimics for such pathogens that have potential as adjuvants. This chapter discusses about peptide and liposome-based adjuvants focusing on their properties imparting adjuvanticity along with the methods of formulating them. Methods of adjuvant characterization important for an adjuvant to be approved for clinical trials are also discussed. These include assays for cytotoxicity, T-lymphocyte proliferation, dendritic cell maturation, cytokine and antibody production, toll-like receptor dependent signaling and adjuvant half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Rattan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Takhellambam Malemnganba
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
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Kristensen S, Hassan K, Andersen NS, Steiniger F, Kuntsche J. Feasibility of the preparation of cochleate suspensions from naturally derived phosphatidylserines. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:1241368. [PMID: 37745179 PMCID: PMC10512065 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.1241368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cochleates are cylindrical particles composed of dehydrated phospholipid bilayers. They are typically prepared by addition of calcium ions to vesicles composed of negatively charged phospholipids such as phosphatidylserines (PS). Due to their high physical and chemical stability, they provide an interesting alternative over other lipid-based drug formulations for example to improve oral bioavailability or to obtain a parenteral sustained-release formulation. Methods In the present study, the feasibility to prepare cochleate suspensions from soy lecithin-derived phosphatidylserines (SPS) was investigated and compared to the "gold standard" dioleoyl-phosphatidylserine (DOPS) cochleates. The SPS lipids covered a large range of purities between 53 and >96% and computer-controlled mixing was evaluated for the preparation of the cochleate suspensions. Electron microscopic investigations were combined with small-angle x-ray diffraction (SAXD) and Laurdan generalized polarization (GP) analysis to characterize particle structure and lipid organization. Results Despite some differences in particle morphology, cochleate suspensions with similar internal lipid structure as DOPS cochleates could be prepared from SPS with high headgroup purity (≥96%). Suspensions prepared from SPS with lower purity still revealed a remarkably high degree of lipid dehydration and well-organized lamellar structure. However, the particle shape was less defined, and the typical cochleate cylinders could only be detected in suspensions prepared with higher amount of calcium ions. Finally, the study proves the feasibility to prepare suspensions of cochleates or cochleate-like particles directly from a calcium salt of soy-PS by dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Kristensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Khadeija Hassan
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Frank Steiniger
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Judith Kuntsche
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Nair VV, Cabrera P, Ramírez-Lecaros C, Jara MO, Brayden DJ, Morales JO. Buccal delivery of small molecules and biologics: Of mucoadhesive polymers, films, and nanoparticles - An update. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122789. [PMID: 36868332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Buccal delivery of small and large molecules is an attractive route of administration that has been studied extensively over the past few decades. This route bypasses first-pass metabolism and can be used to deliver therapeutics directly to systemic circulation. Moreover, buccal films are efficient dosage forms for drug delivery due to their simplicity, portability, and patient comfort. Films have traditionally been formulated using conventional techniques, including hot-melt extrusion and solvent casting. However, newer methods are now being exploited to improve the delivery of small molecules and biologics. This review discusses recent advances in buccal film manufacturing, using the latest technologies, such as 2D and 3D printing, electrospraying, and electrospinning. This review also focuses on the excipients used in the preparation of these films, with emphasis on mucoadhesive polymers and plasticizers. Along with advances in manufacturing technology, newer analytical tools have also been used for the assessment of permeation of the active agents across the buccal mucosa, the most critical biological barrier and limiting factor of this route. Additionally, preclinical and clinical trial challenges are discussed, and some small molecule products already on the market are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha V Nair
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pablo Cabrera
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile; Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | | | - Miguel O Jara
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Javier O Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile; Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago 8380492, Chile; Drug Delivery Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.
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Rawas-Qalaji M, Thu HE, Hussain Z. Oromucosal delivery of macromolecules: Challenges and recent developments to improve bioavailability. J Control Release 2022; 352:726-746. [PMID: 36334858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their biological diversity, high potency, good tolerability, low immunogenicity, site-specific activity, and great efficacy, macromolecular drugs (i.e., proteins and peptides, antibodies, hormones, nucleic acids, vaccines, etc.) are extensively used as diagnostics, prophylactics, and therapeutics in various diseases. To overcome drawbacks associated with parenteral (invasive) delivery of macromolecules as well as to preserve their therapeutic integrity, oromucosal route (sublingual and buccal) has been proven efficient alternate port of delivery. This review aims to summarize challenges associated with oromucosal route and overtime developments in conventional delivery systems with special emphasis on most recent delivery strategies. Over the past few decades, significant efforts have been made for improving the oromucosal absorption of macromolecules by employing chemical penetration enhancers (CPE), enzyme inhibitors, chemical modification of drug structure (i.e., lipidation, PEGylation, etc.), and mucoadhesive materials in the form of buccal tablets, films (or patches), sprays, fast disintegrating tablets, and microneedles. Adaptation of adjunct strategies (e.g., iontophoresis in conjunction with CPE) has shown significant improvement in oromucosal absorption of macromolecules; however, these approaches were also associated with many drawbacks. To overcome these shortcomings and to further improve therapeutic outcomes, specialized delivery devices called "hybrid nanosystems" have been designed in recent times. This newer intervention showed promising potential for promoting oromucosal absorption and absolute bioavailability of macromolecules along with improved thermostability (cold chain free storage), enabling self-administration, site-specific activity, improving therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. We anticipate that tailoring of hybrid nanosystems to clinical trials as well as establishing their short- and long-term safety profile would substantiate their therapeutic value as pharmaceutical devices for oromucosal delivery of macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33326, USA.
| | - Hnin Ei Thu
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zahid Hussain
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Arredondo-Ochoa T, Silva-Martínez GA. Microemulsion Based Nanostructures for Drug Delivery. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.753947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the active pharmaceutical compounds are often prone to display low bioavailability and biological degradation represents an important drawback. Due to the above, the development of a drug delivery system (DDS) that enables the introduction of a pharmaceutical compound through the body to achieve a therapeutic effect in a controlled manner is an expanding application. Henceforth, new strategies have been developed to control several parameters considered essential for enhancing delivery of drugs. Nanostructure synthesis by microemulsions (ME) consist of enclosing a substance within a wall material at the nanoscale level, allowing to control the size and surface area of the resulting particle. This nanotechnology has shown the importance on targeted drug delivery to improve their stability by protecting a bioactive compound from an adverse environment, enhanced bioavailability as well as controlled release. Thus, a lower dose administration could be achieved by minimizing systemic side effects and decreasing toxicity. This review will focus on describing the different biocompatible nanostructures synthesized by ME as controlled DDS for therapeutic purposes.
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Cochleate drug delivery systems: An approach to their characterization. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121225. [PMID: 34710542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cochleate systems formed from phospholipids have very useful properties as drug delivery systems with sustained release capabilities, which are able to improve bioavailability and efficacy, reduce toxicity and increase the shelf-life of encapsulated molecules. These nanometric or micrometric structures are usually obtained after interaction of negatively charged liposomes with a positively charged bridging agent. Many different methods are now available to prepare cochleates and there are also numerous techniques that can be used to characterize them, some of which can be easily applied while others require more sophisticated equipment or analysis. The present review describes the important features of this drug delivery system; including their structural properties and potential applications, as well as a brief account of methods for their preparation and an extensive description of the techniques used for their characterization. This information could guide formulators in their choice of methods of characterization that would be best suited to their needs in terms of time, precision and technological difficulty.
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Qi Y, Fox CB. Development of thermostable vaccine adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:497-517. [PMID: 33724133 PMCID: PMC8292183 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1902314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of vaccine thermostability has been discussed in the literature. Nevertheless, the challenge of developing thermostable vaccine adjuvants has sometimes not received appropriate emphasis. Adjuvants comprise an expansive range of particulate and molecular compositions, requiring innovative thermostable formulation and process development approaches. AREAS COVERED Reports on efforts to develop thermostable adjuvant-containing vaccines have increased in recent years, and substantial progress has been made in enhancing the stability of the major classes of adjuvants. This narrative review summarizes the current status of thermostable vaccine adjuvant development and looks forward to the next potential developments in the field. EXPERT OPINION As adjuvant-containing vaccines become more widely used, the unique challenges associated with developing thermostable adjuvant formulations merit increased attention. In particular, more focused efforts are needed to translate promising proof-of-concept technologies and formulations into clinical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Qi
- Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), 1616 Eastlake
Ave E, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher B. Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), 1616 Eastlake
Ave E, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
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Aluminum Nanoparticles Acting as a Pulmonary Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System (VADS) Able to Safely Elicit Robust Systemic and Mucosal Immunity. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020; 30:4203-4217. [PMID: 32395098 PMCID: PMC7210793 DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Vulnerability of respiratory mucosa to invasions of airborne pathogens, such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and avian viruses which sometimes cause a life-threatening epidemic and even pandemic, underscores significance of developing a pulmonary vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS). Herein, 30-nm aluminum nanoparticles (ANs), unlike the mostly used adjuvant alum which is unsuitable for delivering pulmonary vaccines due to side effects, proved able to act as a VADS fitting inhalation immunization to elicit wide-spread anti-antigen immunity. In vitro ANs facilitated cellular uptake of their cargos and, after pulmonary vaccination, induced mouse production of high levels of anti-antigen IgG in serum and IgA in saliva, nasal, bronchoalveolar and also vaginal fluids. Besides, IFN-γ and anti-antigen IgG2a enriched in immunized mice which meanwhile showed no obvious lung inflammation indicated balanced Th1/Th2 responses were safely induced. These outcomes suggest ANs may be an efficient pulmonary VADS for defending against pathogens, especially, the ones invading hosts via respiratory system. Graphic Abstract
Aluminum nanoparticles can safely induce humoral and cellular immunity at systemic and mucosal level through pulmonary vaccination to contrast the conventional adjuvant alum.![]()
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Covering Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles with Biocompatible Materials to Efficiently Deliver Subunit Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7020052. [PMID: 31212955 PMCID: PMC6631575 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit vaccines have advantages of good safety, minimal reactogenicity, and high specificity. However, subunit vaccines also show a crucial disadvantage of poor immunogenicity and, therefore, are often formulated with an adjuvant carrier to form a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) to enhance their efficacies. Alums, the coarse aggregates of the insoluble aluminum salts, are the conventional adjuvants and have been widely used in clinical vaccines for a long time. Unfortunately, alums also show two main drawbacks of low potency in eliciting cellular immunity, and high reactogenicity to cause unwanted inflammations. Therefore, herein the phospholipid bilayer-coated aluminum oxide nanoparticles (PLANs) and the PEGylated PLANs (PEG-PLANs) were engineered as a VADS to overcome the drawbacks of both subunit vaccines and coarse alums, while synergizing their functions. In vitro experiments demonstrated that, unlike the micron-sized alums, the nanosized PLANs and PEG-PLANs loaded with model antigen of ovalbumin (OVA) showed a high safety profile and were able to promote APC (antigen-presenting cell) uptake and engender lysosome escape for enhancing the MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-I-antigen display. Subcutaneously administered to mice, PLANs and, especially, PEG-PLANs smoothly trafficked into the draining lymph nodes, wherein the densely clustered immune cells were activated in substantial numbers, leading to robust immunoresponses and efficient production of the anti-antigen antibodies and CD8+ T cells. Thus, the aluminum-based nanocarriers, especially the PEG-PLANs, are a promising VADS possessing the potential of eliciting strong and comprehensive immunity against pathogens.
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10
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Wang N, Chen M, Wang T. Liposomes used as a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system: From basics to clinical immunization. J Control Release 2019; 303:130-150. [PMID: 31022431 PMCID: PMC7111479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely utilized as a carrier to improve therapeutic efficacy of agents thanks to their merits of high loading capacity, targeting delivery, reliable protection of agents, good biocompatibility, versatile structure modification and adjustable characteristics, such as size, surface charge, membrane flexibility and the agent loading mode. In particular, in recent years, through modification with immunopotentiators and targeting molecules, and in combination with innovative immunization devices, liposomes are rapidly developed as a multifunctional vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) that has a high capability in inducing desired immunoresponses, as they can target immune cells and even cellular organelles, engender lysosome escape, and promote Ag cross-presentation, thus enormously enhancing vaccination efficacy. Moreover, after decades of development, several products developed on liposome VADS have already been authorized for clinical immunization and are showing great advantages over conventional vaccines. This article describes in depth some critical issues relevant to the development of liposomes as a VADS, including principles underlying immunization, physicochemical properties of liposomes as the immunity-influencing factors, functional material modification to enhance immunostimulatory functions, the state-of-the-art liposome VADSs, as well as the marketed vaccines based on a liposome VADS. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive reference to the development of novel liposome vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tun Brook Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Minnan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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Kour P, Rath G, Sharma G, Goyal AK. Recent advancement in nanocarriers for oral vaccination. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S1102-S1114. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1533842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Gazal Sharma
- Department of Food Engineering,Inder Kumar Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
| | - Amit Kumar Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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Morales JO, Brayden DJ. Buccal delivery of small molecules and biologics: of mucoadhesive polymers, films, and nanoparticles. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 36:22-28. [PMID: 28800417 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Buccal delivery of macromolecules (biologics) sets a great challenge for researchers. Although several niche small molecule products have been approved as simple sprays, tablets and oral films, it is not simply a case of adapting existing technologies to biologics. Buccal delivery of insulin has reached clinical trials with two approaches: oromucosal sprays of the peptide with permeation enhancers, and embedded gold nanoparticles in a dissolvable film. However, neither of these approaches have led to FDA approvals likely due to poor efficacy, submaximal peptide loading in the dosage form, and to wide intra-subject variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It is likely however that printed film designs with lower molecular weight stable biotech payloads including lipophilic glucagon-like 1 (GLP-1) agonists and macrocycles with long half-lives will generate greater efficacy than was achieved to date for insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O Morales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile; Pharmaceutical Biomaterial Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden.
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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13
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Dispersion and stabilization of cochleate nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:270-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Preparation of Multifunctional Liposomes as a Stable Vaccine Delivery-Adjuvant System by Procedure of Emulsification-Lyophilization. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1404:635-649. [PMID: 27076327 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have been proven to be useful carriers for vaccine antigens and can be modified as a versatile vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS). To fulfill efficiently both functions of adjuvant and delivery, the liposomes are often modified with different functional molecules, such as lipoidal immunopotentiators, APC (antigen-presenting cell) targeting ligands, steric stabilization polymers, and charged lipids. Also, to overcome the weakness of instability, vaccines are often lyophilized as a dry product. In this chapter the procedure of emulsification-lyophilization (PEL) is introduced as an efficient method for preparing a stable anhydrous precursor to the multifunctional liposomes which bear dual modifications with APC targeting molecule of the mannosylated cholesterol and the adjuvant material of monophosphoryl lipid A. The techniques and procedures for synthesis of APC targeting molecule, i.e., the mannosylated cholesterol, and for characterization of the multifunctional liposomes are also described.
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Wang N, Zhen Y, Jin Y, Wang X, Li N, Jiang S, Wang T. Combining different types of multifunctional liposomes loaded with ammonium bicarbonate to fabricate microneedle arrays as a vaginal mucosal vaccine adjuvant-dual delivery system (VADDS). J Control Release 2016; 246:12-29. [PMID: 27986552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To develop effective mucosal vaccines, two types of multifunctional liposomes, the mannosylated lipid A-liposomes (MLLs) with a size of 200nm and the stealth lipid A-liposomes (SLLs) of 50nm, both loaded with a model antigen and NH4HCO3, were fabricated together into microneedles, forming the proSLL/MLL-constituted microneedle array (proSMMA), which upon rehydration dissolved rapidly recovering the initial MLLs and SLLs. Mice vaccinated with proSMMAs by vaginal mucosa patching other than conventional intradermal administration established robust antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity at both systemic and mucosal levels, especially, in the reproductive and intestinal ducts. Further exploration demonstrated that the MLLs reconstituted from the administered proSMMAs were mostly taken up by vaginal mucosal dendritic cells, whereas the recovered SLLs trafficked directly to draining lymph nodes wherein to be picked up by macrophages. Moreover, the antigens delivered by either liposomes were also cross-presented for MHC-I displaying by APCs thanks to lysosome escape and ROS (reactive oxygen species) stimulation, both of which occurred when lysosomal acidifying the liposome-released NH4HCO3 into CO2 and NH4+/NH3 to rupture lysosomes by gas expansion and to cause ROS production by excessive ammonia induction, resulting in a mixed Th1/Th2 type response which was also promoted by liposomal lipid A via activation of TLR4. In addition, vaginal vaccination of the engineered HSV2 antigen gD-loaded proSMMAs successfully protected mice from the virus challenge. Thus, the proSMMAs are in fact a vaccine adjuvant-dual delivery system capable of eliciting robust humoral and cellular immunity against the invading pathogens, especially, the sexually transmitted ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tun Brook Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Shaohong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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Nagarsekar K, Ashtikar M, Steiniger F, Thamm J, Schacher FH, Fahr A. Micro-spherical cochleate composites: method development for monodispersed cochleate system. J Liposome Res 2016; 27:32-40. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2016.1149865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpa Nagarsekar
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany,
| | - Mukul Ashtikar
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany,
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany,
| | - Jana Thamm
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany,
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany, and
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alfred Fahr
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany,
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Wang X, Wang N, Li N, Zhen Y, Wang T. Multifunctional particle-constituted microneedle arrays as cutaneous or mucosal vaccine adjuvant-delivery systems. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2075-2089. [PMID: 27159879 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1158368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome drawbacks of current injection vaccines, such as causing needle phobia, needing health professionals for inoculation, and generating dangerous sharps wastes, researchers have designed novel vaccines that are combined with various microneedle arrays (MAs), in particular, with the multifunctional particle-constructed MAs (MPMAs). MPMAs prove able to enhance vaccine stability through incorporating vaccine ingredients in the carrier, and can be painlessly inoculated by minimally trained workers or by self-administration, leaving behind no metal needle pollution while eliciting robust systemic and mucosal immunity to antigens, thanks to delivering vaccines to cutaneous or mucosal compartments enriched in professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Especially, MPMAs can be easily integrated with functional molecules fulfilling targeting vaccine delivery or controlling immune response toward a Th1 or Th2 pathway to generate desired immunity against pathogens. Herein, we introduce the latest research and development of various MPMAs which are a novel but promising vaccine adjuvant delivery system (VADS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Ning Wang
- b School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , China
| | - Ning Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhen
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Ting Wang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
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19
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Li N, Wang N, Wang X, Zhen Y, Wang T. Microneedle arrays delivery of the conventional vaccines based on nonvirulent viruses. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3234-3247. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1165311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, and
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, and
| | - Yuanyuan Zhen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, and
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, and
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Preparation of the Multifunctional Liposome-Containing Microneedle Arrays as an Oral Cavity Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1404:651-667. [PMID: 27076328 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the multifunctional liposome-constituted microneedle arrays (LiposoMAs) have been proven to be an interesting vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) that are stable and can be vaccinated via oral cavity mucosal route. When given to mice at oral mucosa, the LiposoMAs can effectively eliminate the ingredient loss caused by chewing, swallowing, and saliva flowing and can, thus, elicit robust systemic as well as mucosal immunoresponses against the loaded antigens. In addition, the LiposoMAs can induce a mixed Th1/Th2 immunoresponse and strong cellular/humoral immunity due to special adjuvanticity and targeting delivery functions of the nanoparticulate VADS. In this chapter, the preparation, characterization as well as mucosal vaccination of the LiposoMAs are introduced. In addition, the methods for sampling mouse organs, tissues, and cells and for evaluation of the immunization efficacy are mainly included.
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Multifunctional liposomes constituting microneedles induced robust systemic and mucosal immunoresponses against the loaded antigens via oral mucosal vaccination. Vaccine 2015; 33:4330-40. [PMID: 25858854 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To develop effective, convenient and stable mucosal vaccines, mannose-PEG-cholesterol (MPC)/lipid A-liposomes (MLLs) entrapping model antigen bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared by the procedure of emulsification-lyophilization and used to constitute microneedles, forming the proMLL-filled microneedle arrays (proMMAs). The proMMAs were rather stable and hard enough to pierce porcine skin and, upon rehydration, dissolved rapidly recovering the MLLs without size and entrapment change. The proMMAs given to mice via oral mucosal (o.m.) route, rather than routine intradermal administration, elicited robust systemic and mucosal immunoresponses against the loaded antigens as evidenced by high levels of BSA-specific IgG in the sera and IgA in the salivary, intestinal and vaginal secretions of mice. Enhanced levels of IgG2a and IFN-γ in treated mice revealed that proMMAs induced a mixed Th1/Th2 immunoresponse. Moreover, a significant increase in CD8(+) T cells confirmed that strong cellular immunity had also been established by the immunization of the proMMAs. Thus, the proMMAs can be immunized via o.m. route to set up an effective multiple defense against pathogen invasion and may be an effective vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) applicable in the controlled temperature chain.
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Wang T, Zhen Y, Ma X, Wei B, Li S, Wang N. Mannosylated and lipid A-incorporating cationic liposomes constituting microneedle arrays as an effective oral mucosal HBV vaccine applicable in the controlled temperature chain. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:520-30. [PMID: 25612819 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To develop an effective, convenient and stable mucosal vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV), the mannose-PEG-cholesterol/lipid A-liposomes (MLLs) loaded with HBsAg were prepared by the procedure of emulsification-lyophilization and, subsequently, filled into the microholes of microneedle array reverse molds and dried to form the proHBsAg-MLLs microneedle arrays (proHMAs). The proHMAs were stable even at 40 °C for up to 3 days and hard enough to pierce porcine skin but, upon rehydration, rapidly dissolved recovering the HBsAg-MLLs without obvious changes in size and antigen association efficiency. Notably, immunization of mice only once with the proHMAs at oral mucosa induced robust systemic and widespread mucosal immunoresponses, as evidenced by the high levels of HBsAg-specific IgG in the sera and IgA in the salivary, intestinal and vaginal secretions. In addition, a strong cellular immunity against HBV had been established through a mixed Th1/Th2 response, as confirmed by a significant increase in CD8(+) T cells as well as the enhanced levels of IgG2a and IFN-γ in the treated mice. Thus, the proHMAs can be conveniently vaccinated via oral mucosal route to set up a multiple immune defense against HBV invasion and, in addition, may be a stable HBV vaccine applicable in the controlled temperature chain for wide distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Biao Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China.
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