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Bonaccorso A, Ortis A, Musumeci T, Carbone C, Hussain M, Di Salvatore V, Battiato S, Pappalardo F, Pignatello R. Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery and Physico-Chemical Properties of Nanosystems: Analysis and Correlation Studies of Data from Scientific Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5619-5636. [PMID: 38882536 PMCID: PMC11179666 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s452316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the last few decades, nose-to-brain delivery has been investigated as an alternative route to deliver molecules to the Central Nervous System (CNS), bypassing the Blood-Brain Barrier. The use of nanotechnological carriers to promote drug transfer via this route has been widely explored. The exact mechanisms of transport remain unclear because different pathways (systemic or axonal) may be involved. Despite the large number of studies in this field, various aspects still need to be addressed. For example, what physicochemical properties should a suitable carrier possess in order to achieve this goal? To determine the correlation between carrier features (eg, particle size and surface charge) and drug targeting efficiency percentage (DTE%) and direct transport percentage (DTP%), correlation studies were performed using machine learning. Methods Detailed analysis of the literature from 2010 to 2021 was performed on Pubmed in order to build "NANOSE" database. Regression analyses have been applied to exploit machine-learning technology. Results A total of 64 research articles were considered for building the NANOSE database (102 formulations). Particle-based formulations were characterized by an average size between 150-200 nm and presented a negative zeta potential (ZP) from -10 to -25 mV. The most general-purpose model for the regression of DTP/DTE values is represented by Decision Tree regression, followed by K-Nearest Neighbors Regressor (KNeighbor regression). Conclusion A literature review revealed that nose-to-brain delivery has been widely investigated in neurodegenerative diseases. Correlation studies between the physicochemical properties of nanosystems (mean size and ZP) and DTE/DTP parameters suggest that ZP may be more significant than particle size for DTP/DTE predictability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bonaccorso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ortis
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Mazhar Hussain
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Battiato
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Pappalardo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
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Waqar M, Zaman M, Hameed H, Jamshaid M, Irfan A, Shazly GA, Paiva-Santos AC, Bin Jardan YA. Formulation, Characterization, and Evaluation of β-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Hypericin Loaded Nanocarriers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38191-38203. [PMID: 37867680 PMCID: PMC10586443 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
St. John's wort in western Europe has been extensively utilized for the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Hypericin, a red pigment, is found to be responsible for its antidepressant activity. The aim of the current study was to prepare a nanoemulsion (O/W) of hypericin designed for immediate delivery of the drug to the brain for the treatment of depression. The nanoemulsion was prepared by means of a homogenization technique, and that was followed by its physicochemical evaluation. Tween-80, Span-80, β-cyclodextrin, ethanol, and eucalyptus oil were utilized for the manufacturing of the nanoemulsion. Morphological studies have revealed globular structures of nanosize that were confirmed by the zeta analysis. The consistency of particles was revealed by the low polydispersity values. pH values of all formulations lay within the range of nasal pH. The viscosity of the prepared formulations was affected by the increase in concentrations of β-cyclodextrin. After passing from the centrifugation and freeze-thaw studies, the prepared formulations showed good stability. Formulation F2 having a composition of oil phase (0.125 mL), aqueous phase (1.25 mL), and β-cyclodextrin (8%) showed the best results out of all the formulations, and F2 had a pH of 5.7, 5.35 cP viscosity, 1.332 refractive index, 148.8 globule size, and -10.8 zeta potential. The mean percentage drug release and in vitro and ex vivo percentage drug permeations were observed to be 71.75, 76, and 75.07%, respectively. Meanwhile, formulation F2 showed the maximum drug release and permeation. In vivo behavior studies including the open field test, elevated plus maze test, and tail suspension test were conducted to see the antidepressant effect of hypericin along with comparison with a commercially available treatment. In conclusion, the prepared formulation shows good efficacy as an antidepressant and can be considered as a natural alternative over synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Ahsan Waqar
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Hameed
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamshaid
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Gamal A. Shazly
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University
of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University
of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Arif ST, Khan MA, Zaman SU, Sarwar HS, Raza A, Sarfraz M, Bin Jardan YA, Amin MU, Sohail MF. Enhanced Antidepressant Activity of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Containing Levosulpiride in Behavioral Despair Tests in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1220. [PMID: 37765028 PMCID: PMC10535960 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of levosulpiride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (LSP-NLCs) for enhanced antidepressant and anxiolytic effects was evaluated in the current study. A forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were carried out to determine the antidepressant effect whereas anxiolytic activity was investigated using light-dark box and open field tests. Behavioral changes were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-induced depressed animals. The access of LSP to the brain to produce therapeutic effects was estimated qualitatively by using fluorescently labeled LSP-NLCs. The distribution of LSP-NLCs was analyzed using ex vivo imaging of major organs after oral and intraperitoneal administration. Acute toxicity studies were carried out to assess the safety of LSP-NLCs in vivo. An improved antidepressant effect of LSP-NLCs on LPS-induced depression showed an increase in swimming time (237 ± 51 s) and struggling time (226 ± 15 s) with a reduction in floating (123 ± 51 s) and immobility time (134 ± 15 s) in FST and TST. The anxiolytic activity in the light-dark box and open field tests exhibited superiority over LSP dispersion. Near-infrared images of fluorescently labeled LSP-NLCs demonstrated the presence of coumarin dye in the brain after 1 h of administration. An acute toxicity study revealed no significant changes in organ-to-body weight ratio, serum biochemistry or tissue histology of major organs. It can be concluded that nanostructured lipid carriers can efficiently deliver LSP to the brain for improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Tabassam Arif
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.T.A.); (M.A.K.); (S.u.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Ayub Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.T.A.); (M.A.K.); (S.u.Z.)
| | - Shahiq uz Zaman
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.T.A.); (M.A.K.); (S.u.Z.)
| | - Hafiz Shoaib Sarwar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Abida Raza
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), PIEAS, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Umair Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Muhammad Farhan Sohail
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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4
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Xinchen Y, Jing T, Jiaoqiong G. Lipid-based nanoparticles via nose-to-brain delivery: a mini review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1214450. [PMID: 37675144 PMCID: PMC10477605 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1214450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system disorders significantly affect the lives and health of millions of people worldwide. Despite many therapeutic drugs are available that could potentially target central nervous system disorders, their clinical utility is severely constrained by their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Fortunately, nanotechnology has been advanced to offers a solution to allow drugs reaching the targeted brain regions safely, efficiently, and precisely through nasal drug delivery system (NDDS), bypassing the BBB completely. This strategy can promote the drug accumulated in the targeted brain region, improve drug bioavailability, and minimal side effects and mucociliary clearance effectively. In this review, we elaborate recent advances in the use of lipid-based nanoparticles, involving liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanostructured lipid carriers, and solid lipid nanoparticles. Besides, we particularly introduced the nasal cavity physiological structure, and further summarized the nose-to-brain drug delivery pathways, including olfactory, trigeminal, and blood circulation pathway. Moreover, the mechanism and route of NDDS by various types of nanoparticles are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xinchen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tan Jing
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Jiaoqiong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Elkomy MH, Abo El-Ela FI, Zaki RM, Alsaidan OA, Elmowafy M, Zafar A, Shalaby K, Abdelgawad MA, Omar HA, Salama R, Eid HM. Intranasal Nanotransferosomal Gel for Quercetin Brain Targeting: II. Antidepressant Effect in an Experimental Animal Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2095. [PMID: 37631309 PMCID: PMC10457845 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious mental disorder and the most prevalent cause of disability and suicide worldwide. Quercetin (QER) demonstrated antidepressant effects in rats exhibiting anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. In an attempt to improve QER's antidepressant activity, a QER-loaded transferosome (QER-TFS) thermosensitive gel for intranasal administration was formulated and optimized. The therapeutic effectiveness of the optimized formulation was assessed in a depressed rat model by conducting a behavioral analysis. Behavioral study criteria such as immobility, swimming, climbing, sucrose intake, number of crossed lines, rearing, active interaction, and latency to feed were all considerably enhanced by intranasal treatment with the QER-TFS in situ gel in contrast to other formulations. A nasal histopathological study indicated that the QER-TFS thermosensitive gel was safe for the nasal mucosa. An immunohistochemical analysis showed that the animals treated with the QER-TFS thermosensitive gel had the lowest levels of c-fos protein expression, and brain histopathological changes in the depressed rats were alleviated. According to pharmacodynamic, immunohistochemical, and histopathological experiments, the intranasal administration of the QER-TFS thermosensitive gel substantially alleviated depressive symptoms in rats. However, extensive preclinical investigations in higher animal models are needed to anticipate its effectiveness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.A.); (M.E.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Fatma I. Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Randa Mohammed Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Omar A. Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.A.); (M.E.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.A.); (M.E.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.A.); (M.E.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Khaled Shalaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.A.); (M.E.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany A. Omar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rania Salama
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Hussein M. Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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6
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van Vliet EF, Knol MJ, Schiffelers RM, Caiazzo M, Fens MHAM. Levodopa-loaded nanoparticles for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Control Release 2023; 360:212-224. [PMID: 37343725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) resulting in dopamine (DA) deficiency, which manifests itself in motor symptoms including tremors, rigidity and bradykinesia. Current PD treatments aim at symptom reduction through oral delivery of levodopa (L-DOPA), a precursor of DA. However, L-DOPA delivery to the brain is inefficient and increased dosages are required as the disease progresses, resulting in serious side effects like dyskinesias. To improve PD treatment efficacy and to reduce side effects, recent research focuses on the encapsulation of L-DOPA into polymeric- and lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs). These formulations can protect L-DOPA from systemic decarboxylation into DA and improve L-DOPA delivery to the central nervous system. Additionally, NPs can be modified with proteins, peptides and antibodies specifically targeting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thereby reducing required dosages and free systemic DA. Alternative delivery approaches for NP-encapsulated L-DOPA include intravenous (IV) administration, transdermal delivery using adhesive patches and direct intranasal administration, facilitating increased therapeutic DA concentrations in the brain. This review provides an overview of the recent advances for NP-mediated L-DOPA delivery to the brain, and debates challenges and future perspectives on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile F van Vliet
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Knol
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Massimiliano Caiazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marcel H A M Fens
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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7
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Du L, Chen L, Liu F, Wang W, Huang H. Nose-to-brain drug delivery for the treatment of CNS disease: New development and strategies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 171:255-297. [PMID: 37783558 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Delivering drugs to the brain has always been a challenging task due to the restrictive properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Intranasal delivery is therefore emerging as an efficient method of administration, making it easy to self-administration and thus provides a non-invasive and painless alternative to oral and parenteral administration for delivering therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, drug formulations have been developed to further enhance this nose-to-brain transport, primarily using nanoparticles (NPs). Therefore, the purposes of this review are to highlight and describe the anatomical basis of nasal-brain pathway and provide an overview of drug formulations and current drugs for intranasal administration in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Biotherapeutic Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Wenya Wang
- Biotherapeutic Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China,.
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Institute of Neurorestoratology, Third Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, P.R. China.
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8
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Antunes JL, Amado J, Veiga F, Paiva-Santos AC, Pires PC. Nanosystems, Drug Molecule Functionalization and Intranasal Delivery: An Update on the Most Promising Strategies for Increasing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030998. [PMID: 36986859 PMCID: PMC10054777 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are high incidence and debilitating psychiatric disorders, usually treated by antidepressant or anxiolytic drug administration, respectively. Nevertheless, treatment is usually given through the oral route, but the low permeability of the blood-brain barrier reduces the amount of drug that will be able to reach it, thus consequently reducing the therapeutic efficacy. Which is why it is imperative to find new solutions to make these treatments more effective, safer, and faster. To overcome this obstacle, three main strategies have been used to improve brain drug targeting: the intranasal route of administration, which allows the drug to be directly transported to the brain by neuronal pathways, bypassing the blood-brain barrier and avoiding the hepatic and gastrointestinal metabolism; the use of nanosystems for drug encapsulation, including polymeric and lipidic nanoparticles, nanometric emulsions, and nanogels; and drug molecule functionalization by ligand attachment, such as peptides and polymers. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic in vivo studies' results have shown that intranasal administration can be more efficient in brain targeting than other administration routes, and that the use of nanoformulations and drug functionalization can be quite advantageous in increasing brain-drug bioavailability. These strategies could be the key to future improved therapies for depressive and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica L Antunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Amado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia C Pires
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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9
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Padilla-Godínez FJ, Ruiz-Ortega LI, Guerra-Crespo M. Nanomedicine in the Face of Parkinson's Disease: From Drug Delivery Systems to Nanozymes. Cells 2022; 11:3445. [PMID: 36359841 PMCID: PMC9657131 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The complexity and overall burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) require new pharmacological approaches to counteract the symptomatology while reducing the progressive neurodegeneration of affected dopaminergic neurons. Since the pathophysiological signature of PD is characterized by the loss of physiological levels of dopamine (DA) and the misfolding and aggregation of the alpha-synuclein (α-syn) protein, new proposals seek to restore the lost DA and inhibit the progressive damage derived from pathological α-syn and its impact in terms of oxidative stress. In this line, nanomedicine (the medical application of nanotechnology) has achieved significant advances in the development of nanocarriers capable of transporting and delivering basal state DA in a controlled manner in the tissues of interest, as well as highly selective catalytic nanostructures with enzyme-like properties for the elimination of reactive oxygen species (responsible for oxidative stress) and the proteolysis of misfolded proteins. Although some of these proposals remain in their early stages, the deepening of our knowledge concerning the pathological processes of PD and the advances in nanomedicine could endow for the development of potential treatments for this still incurable condition. Therefore, in this paper, we offer: (i) a brief summary of the most recent findings concerning the physiology of motor regulation and (ii) the molecular neuropathological processes associated with PD, together with (iii) a recapitulation of the current progress in controlled DA release by nanocarriers and (iv) the design of nanozymes, catalytic nanostructures with oxidoreductase-, chaperon, and protease-like properties. Finally, we conclude by describing the prospects and knowledge gaps to overcome and consider as research into nanotherapies for PD continues, especially when clinical translations take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Padilla-Godínez
- Neurosciences Division, Cell Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Leonardo I. Ruiz-Ortega
- Institute for Physical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Magdalena Guerra-Crespo
- Neurosciences Division, Cell Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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10
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Application of Intranasal Administration in the Delivery of Antidepressant Active Ingredients. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102070. [PMID: 36297505 PMCID: PMC9611373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a mental disease in modern society, depression shows an increasing occurrence, with low cure rate and high recurrence rate. It has become the most disabling disease in the world. At present, the treatment of depression is mainly based on drug therapy combined with psychological therapy, physical therapy, and other adjuvant therapy methods. Antidepressants are primarily administered peripherally (oral and intravenous) and have a slow onset of action. Antidepressant active ingredients, such as neuropeptides, natural active ingredients, and some chemical agents, are limited by factors such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB), first-pass metabolism, and extensive adverse effects caused by systemic administration. The potential anatomical link between the non-invasive nose–brain pathway and the lesion site of depression may provide a more attractive option for the delivery of antidepressant active ingredients. The purpose of this article is to describe the specific link between intranasal administration and depression, the challenges of intranasal administration, as well as studies of intranasal administration of antidepressant active ingredients.
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11
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Zha S, Wong K, All AH. Intranasal Delivery of Functionalized Polymeric Nanomaterials to the Brain. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102610. [PMID: 35166052 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous delivery of nanomaterials containing therapeutic agents and various cargos for treating neurological disorders is often constrained by low delivery efficacy due to difficulties in passing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles (NPs) administered intranasally can move along olfactory and trigeminal nerves so that they do not need to pass through the BBB, allowing non-invasive, direct access to selective neural pathways within the brain. Hence, intranasal (IN) administration of NPs can effectively deliver drugs and genes into targeted regions of the brain, holding potential for efficacious disease treatment in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, current methods for delivering conjugated NPs to the brain are primarily discussed. Distinctive potential mechanisms of therapeutic nanocomposites delivered via IN pathways to the brain are then discussed. Recent progress in developing functional NPs for applications in multimodal bioimaging, drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics is also reviewed. This review is then concluded by discussing existing challenges, new directions, and future perspectives in IN delivery of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zha
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Angelo H. All
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
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12
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Thermoresponsive in situ gel of curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticle: Design, optimization and in vitro characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Alshawwa SZ, Kassem AA, Farid RM, Mostafa SK, Labib GS. Nanocarrier Drug Delivery Systems: Characterization, Limitations, Future Perspectives and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:883. [PMID: 35456717 PMCID: PMC9026217 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing demand for the development of nanocarriers targeting multiple diseases with a broad range of properties. Due to their tiny size, giant surface area and feasible targetability, nanocarriers have optimized efficacy, decreased side effects and improved stability over conventional drug dosage forms. There are diverse types of nanocarriers that have been synthesized for drug delivery, including dendrimers, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymersomes, polymer-drug conjugates, polymeric nanoparticles, peptide nanoparticles, micelles, nanoemulsions, nanospheres, nanocapsules, nanoshells, carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles, etc. Several characterization techniques have been proposed and used over the past few decades to control and predict the behavior of nanocarriers both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we describe some fundamental in vitro, ex vivo, in situ and in vivo characterization methods for most nanocarriers, emphasizing their advantages and limitations, as well as the safety, regulatory and manufacturing aspects that hinder the transfer of nanocarriers from the laboratory to the clinic. Moreover, integration of artificial intelligence with nanotechnology, as well as the advantages and problems of artificial intelligence in the development and optimization of nanocarriers, are also discussed, along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Zuhair Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Abeer Ahmed Kassem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21523, Egypt; (R.M.F.); (G.S.L.)
| | - Ragwa Mohamed Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21523, Egypt; (R.M.F.); (G.S.L.)
| | - Shaimaa Khamis Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt;
| | - Gihan Salah Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21523, Egypt; (R.M.F.); (G.S.L.)
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14
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Nguyen TTL, Maeng HJ. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intranasal Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Nose-to-Brain Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030572. [PMID: 35335948 PMCID: PMC8948700 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nose-to-brain drug delivery has been of great interest for the treatment of many central nervous system (CNS) diseases and psychiatric disorders over past decades. Several nasally administered formulations have been developed to circumvent the blood-brain barrier and directly deliver drugs to the CNS through the olfactory and trigeminal pathways. However, the nasal mucosa’s drug absorption is insufficient and the volume of the nasal cavity is small, which, in combination, make nose-to-brain drug delivery challenging. These problems could be minimized using formulations based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) or nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), which are effective nose-to-brain drug delivery systems that improve drug bioavailability by increasing drug solubility and permeation, extending drug action, and reducing enzymatic degradation. Various research groups have reported in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SLNs and NLCs nose-to-brain delivery systems. This review was undertaken to provide an overview of these studies and highlight research performed on SLN and NLC-based formulations aimed at improving the treatment of CNS diseases such neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. We discuss the efficacies and brain targeting efficiencies of these formulations based on considerations of their pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicities, point out some gaps in current knowledge, and propose future developmental targets.
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15
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Abo El-Enin HA, Elkomy MH, Naguib IA, Ahmed MF, Alsaidan OA, Alsalahat I, Ghoneim MM, Eid HM. Lipid Nanocarriers Overlaid with Chitosan for Brain Delivery of Berberine via the Nasal Route. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030281. [PMID: 35337079 PMCID: PMC8955068 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to design, optimize, and evaluate berberine-laden nanostructured lipid carriers overlaid with chitosan (BER-CTS-NLCs) for efficient brain delivery via the intranasal route. The nanostructured lipid carriers containing berberine (BER-NLCs) were formulated via hot homogenization and ultrasonication strategy and optimized for the influence of a variety of causal variables, including the amount of glycerol monostearate (solid lipid), poloxamer 407 (surfactant) concentration, and oleic acid (liquid lipid) amount, on size of the particles, entrapment, and the total drug release after 24 h. The optimal BER-NLCs formulation was then coated with chitosan. Their diameter, in vitro release, surface charge, morphology, ex vivo permeability, pH, histological, and in vivo (pharmacokinetics and brain uptake) parameters were estimated. BER-CTS-NLCs had a size of 180.9 ± 4.3 nm, sustained-release properties, positive surface charge of 36.8 mV, and augmented ex-vivo permeation via nasal mucosa. The histopathological assessment revealed that the BER-CTS-NLCs system is safe for nasal delivery. Pharmacokinetic and brain accumulation experiments showed that animals treated intranasally with BER-CTS-NLCs had substantially greater drug levels in the brain. The ratios of BER brain/blood levels at 30 min, AUCbrain/AUCblood, drug transport percentage, and drug targeting efficiency for BER-CTS-NLCs (IN) were higher compared to BER solution (IN), suggesting enhanced brain targeting. The optimized nanoparticulate system is speculated to be a successful approach for boosting the effect of BER in treating CNS diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, through intranasal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadel A. Abo El-Enin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.H.E.); (I.A.N.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.H.E.); (I.A.N.)
| | - Marwa F. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Omar A. Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Izzeddin Alsalahat
- Complement Biology Group, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hussein M. Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
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16
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Patel RB, Rao HR, Thakkar DV, Patel MR. Comprehending the potential of metallic, lipid, and polymer-based nanocarriers for treatment and management of depression. Neurochem Int 2021; 153:105259. [PMID: 34942308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) ranked depression as the third leading cause of global burden of disease in 2004, and it is predicted to overtake it and move to first place by 2030. It is a mental disorder that causes significant changes in the mood and day-to-day activity of an individual. Various approaches already exist for treating depression but, none of them are completely successful in treating depression. At present, discovering a new medication or delivery mechanism that can manage depression safely and efficiently is a huge challenge. Conventional formulations used in the management of depression have drawbacks like limited penetration, frequent dosing, toxicity, patient compliance concerns as well as brain barriers which are a big hurdle for antidepressant drugs to reach the brain through conventional formulations. Nano-based formulations are gaining popularity as one of the possibilities to overcome the limitations of conventional formulations by reducing the dose and dosing frequency, increasing the efficacy as well as proving it to be safe and effective means of treating depression. This review targets the neurochemistry and pathophysiological concerns of depression, strategies and problems of conventional therapies, and also recent advances in the metallic, lipid, and polymer-based nanoformulations for a variety of antidepressants. A detailed discussion of the expediency of various nanoformulations like liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, ethosomes, nanocapsules, dendrimer, gold and silver nanoparticles are addressed in the current review. In essence, nanoformulations hold great promises for the treatment of depression as they provide a platform with high penetration potential, targeted transmission, and improved protection and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmin B Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT - Campus, Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Hiteshree R Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT - Campus, Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinesh V Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, A.R. College of Pharmacy & G. H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidya Nagar, 388120, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Mrunali R Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT - Campus, Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India.
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17
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Goel H, Kalra V, Verma SK, Dubey SK, Tiwary AK. Convolutions in the rendition of nose to brain therapeutics from bench to bedside: Feats & fallacies. J Control Release 2021; 341:782-811. [PMID: 34906605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain, a subtle organ of multifarious nature presents plethora of physiological, metabolic and bio-chemical convolutions that impede the delivery of biomolecules and thereby resulting in truncated therapeutic outcome in pathological conditions of central nervous system (CNS). The absolute bottleneck in the therapeutic management of such devastating CNS ailments is the BBB. Another pitfall is the lack of efficient technological platforms (due to high cost and low approval rates) as well as limited clinical trials (due to failures of neuro‑leads in late-stage pipelines) for CNS disorders which has become a literal brain drain with poorest success rates compared to other therapeutic areas, owing to time consuming processes, tremendous convolutions and conceivable adverse effects. With the advent of intranasal delivery (via direct N2B or indirect nose to blood to brain), several novel drug delivery carriers viz. unmodified or surface modified nanoparticle based carriers, lipid based colloidal nanocarriers and drysolid/liquid/semisolid nanoformulations or delivery platforms have been designed as a means to deliver therapeutic agents (small and large molecules, peptides and proteins, genes) to brain, bypassing BBB for disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, schizophrenia and CNS malignancies primarily glioblastomas. Intranasal application offers drug delivery through both direct and indirect pathways for the peripherally administered psychopharmacological agents to CNS. This route could also be exploited for the repurposing of conventional drugs for new therapeutic uses. The limited clinical translation of intranasal formulations has been primarily due to existence of barriers of mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity, enzyme degradation and low permeability of the nasal epithelium. The present review literature aims to decipher the new paradigms of nano therapeutic systems employed for specific N2B drug delivery of CNS drugs through in silico complexation studies using rationally chosen mucoadhesive polymers (exhibiting unique physicochemical properties of nanocarrier's i.e. surface modification, prolonging retention time in the nasal cavity, improving penetration ability, and promoting brain specific delivery with biorecognitive ligands) via molecular docking simulations. Further, the review intends to delineate the feats and fallacies associated with N2B delivery approaches by understanding the physiological/anatomical considerations via decoding the intranasal drug delivery pathways or critical factors such as rationale and mechanism of excipients, affecting the permeability of CNS drugs through nasal mucosa as well as better efficacy in terms of brain targeting, brain bioavailability and time to reach the brain. Additionally, extensive emphasis has also been laid on the innovative formulations under preclinical investigation along with their assessment by means of in vitro /ex vivo/in vivo N2B models and current characterization techniques predisposing an efficient intranasal delivery of therapeutics. A critical appraisal of novel technologies, intranasal products or medical devices available commercially has also been presented. Finally, it could be warranted that more reminiscent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships or validated computational models are mandated to obtain effective screening of molecular architecture of drug-polymer-mucin complexes for clinical translation of N2B therapeutic systems from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honey Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
| | - Vinni Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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18
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Preparation, Characterization, and Anti-Cancer Activity of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Containing Imatinib. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071086. [PMID: 34371776 PMCID: PMC8309103 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most widespread malignancy in women worldwide. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have proven effective in the treatment of cancer. NLCs loaded with imatinib (IMA) (NANIMA) were prepared and evaluated for their in vitro efficacy in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The hot homogenization method was used for the preparation of NANIMAs. An aqueous solution of surfactants (hot) was mixed with a molten mixture of stearic acid and sesame oil (hot) under homogenization. The prepared NANIMAs were characterized and evaluated for size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, release studies, stability studies, and MTT assay (cytotoxicity studies). The optimized NANIMAs revealed a particle size of 104.63 ± 9.55 d.nm, PdI of 0.227 ± 0.06, and EE of 99.79 ± 0.03. All of the NANIMAs revealed slow and sustained release behavior. The surfactants used in the preparation of the NANIMAs exhibited their effects on particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, stability studies, and release studies. The cytotoxicity studies unveiled an 8.75 times increase in cytotoxicity for the optimized NANIMAs (IC50 = 6 µM) when compared to IMA alone (IC50 = 52.5 µM) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In the future, NLCs containing IMA will possibly be employed to cure breast cancer. A small amount of IMA loaded into the NLCs will be better than IMA alone for the treatment of breast cancer. Moreover, patients will likely exhibit less adverse effects than in the case of IMA alone. Consequently, NANIMAs could prove to be useful for effective breast cancer treatment.
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Zhou H, Sun F, Ou M, Zhang Y, Lin M, Song L, Yu Y, Liao H, Fan W, Xing H, Li M, Zhao K, Wu X, Sun Y, Liang C, Cai Y, Cui L. Prior nasal delivery of antagomiR-122 prevents radiation-induced brain injury. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3465-3483. [PMID: 34174438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury is a major adverse event in head and neck tumor treatment, influencing the quality of life for the more than 50% of patients who undergo radiation therapy and experience long-term survival. However, no effective treatments are available for these patients, and preventative drugs and effective drug-delivery methods must be developed. Based on our results, miR-122-5p was upregulated in the mouse radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) model and patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who received radiation therapy. Intranasal administration of a single antagomiR-122-5p dose before irradiation effectively alleviated radiation-induced cognitive impairment, neuronal injury, and neuroinflammation in the mouse RBI model. Results further indicated that miR-122-5p inhibition in microglia reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and enhanced the phagocytic function to protect against radiation-induced neuronal injury in cell models. Further, we profiled transcriptome data and verified that Tensin 1 (TNS1) may be the target of miR-122-5p in RBI. In summary, our results reveal a distinct role for miR-122-5p in regulating neuroinflammation in RBI, indicating that a non-invasive strategy for intranasal miR-122-5p administration may be an attractive therapeutic target in RBI, providing new insights for clinical trials. Further systematic safety assessment, optimization of drug administration, and clarity of mechanism will accelerate the process into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Furong Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Mingqian Ou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Luoding People's Hospital, Luoding 527200, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Meijun Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Zhanjiang Central People's Hospital, Zhanjiang 524037, China
| | - Liqin Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yangsheng Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Department of Neurology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Puning People's Hospital, Jieyang 522000, China
| | - Haojie Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Department of Neurology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Weihao Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Department of Neurology, Shantou University Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan 512000, China
| | - Huaijie Xing
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571000, China
| | - Minhua Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Xiaolian Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yuanhong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China.
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China.
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20
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Wang H, Hong W, Li X, Jin Q, Yea W, Feng Y, Huang B, Tai Z, Chen L, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Gao C, Gong W, Yang M. Optimization of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers of Fenofibrate Using a Box-Behnken Design for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:773-787. [PMID: 33902411 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210423110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fenofibrate (FNB) is a commonly used hypolipidemic agent. However, the oral bioavailability of FNB is limited by slow dissolution due to its low solubility. Thus, investigations on novel FNB formulations are necessary for their use. OBJECTIVE To enhance the oral bioavailability of FNB using optimized Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) formulations. METHODS Hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication was used to prepare FNB-NLCs. These formulations were optimized using a Box-Behnken design, where the amount of FNB (X1), a ratio of solid lipid/liquid lipid (X2), and the percentage of emulsifier (X3), were set as independent variables, while the particle size (Y1), and Entrapment Efficiency (EE%) (Y2), were used as dependent factors. An in vitro dissolution test was then performed using a paddle method, while an in vivo pharmacokinetic study of FNB-NLC formulation was performed in rats. RESULTS FNB-NLCs were successfully prepared and optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The particle size and EE% of the FNB-NLC had less than 5% difference from predicted values. The in vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability of the FNB-NLC were both higher than those of raw FNB. CONCLUSION A Box-Behnken design was successfully applied to optimize FNB-NLC formulation for the enhancement of the dissolution and bioavailability of FNB, a poorly water-soluble drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Wei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Weifeng Yea
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yumiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Biyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhongjia Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
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21
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Makeen HA, Mohan S, Al-Kasim MA, Attafi IM, Ahmed RA, Syed NK, Sultan MH, Al-Bratty M, Alhazmi HA, Safhi MM, Ali R, Intakhab Alam M. Gefitinib loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: characterization, evaluation and anti-human colon cancer activity in vitro. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:622-631. [PMID: 32329374 PMCID: PMC7241461 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1754526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
NLC containing Gefitinib (NANOGEF) was prepared using stearic acid, sesame oil and surfactants (sodium lauryl sulfate and tween 80). NANOGEFs were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index (PdI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE), stability, release studies and cytotoxicity studies (MTT assay). The optimized NANOGEF exhibited particle size of 74.06 ± 9.73 d.nm, PdI of 0.339 ± 0.029 and EE of 99.76 ± 0.015%. The TEM study revealed spherical shape of NANOGEF formulations. The slow and sustained release behavior was exhibited by all NANOGEFs. The effects of surfactants were observed not only on particle size but also on zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, stability and release studies. The MTT assay revealed 4.5 times increase in cytotoxicity for optimized NANOGEF (IC50 = 4.642 µM) when compared with Gefitinib alone (IC50 = 20.88 µM in HCT-116 cells). Thus NANOGEF may be considered as a potential drug delivery system for the cure of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz A Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ibraheem M Attafi
- Poison Control and Medical Forensic Chemistry Centre, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeel Kashan Syed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Hadi Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Safhi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Intakhab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad J, Rizwanullah M, Amin S, Warsi MH, Ahmad MZ, Barkat MA. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs): Nose-to-Brain Delivery and Theranostic Application. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:1136-1143. [PMID: 32682366 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200719003304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are in high demand in the existing pharmaceutical domain due to its high versatility. It is the newer generation of lipid nanoparticulate systems having a solid matrix and greater stability at room temperature. OBJECTIVE To review the evidence related to the current state of the art of the NLCs system and its drug delivery perspectives to the brain. METHODS Scientific data search, review of the current state of the art and drug delivery perspectives to the brain for NLCs were undertaken to assess the applicability of NLCs in the management of neurological disorders through an intranasal route of drug administration. RESULTS NLCs are designed to fulfill all the industrial needs like simple technology, low cost, scalability, and quantifications. Biodegradable and biocompatible lipids and surfactants used for NLCs have rendered them acceptable from regulatory perspectives as well. Apart from these, NLCs have unique properties of high drug payload, modulation of drug release profile, minimum drug expulsion during storage, and incorporation in various dosage forms like gel, creams, granules, pellets, powders for reconstitution and colloidal dispersion. Ease of surface- modification of NLCs enhances targeting efficiency and reduces systemic toxicity by providing site-specific delivery to the brain through the intranasal route of drug administration. CONCLUSION The present review encompasses the in-depth discussion over the current state of the art of NLCs, nose-to-brain drug delivery perspectives, and its theranostic application as useful tools for better management of various neurological disorders. Further, pharmacokinetic consideration and toxicity concern is also discussed specifically for the NLCs system exploited in nose-to-brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Rizwanullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Saima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif-Al-Haweiah 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
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Xu J, Tao J, Wang J. Design and Application in Delivery System of Intranasal Antidepressants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:626882. [PMID: 33409272 PMCID: PMC7779764 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.626882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major reasons why depressed patients fail their treatment course is the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents drugs from being delivered to the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, nasal drug delivery has achieved better systemic bioavailability and activity in low doses in antidepressant treatment. In this review, we focused on the latest strategies for delivery carriers (or formation) of intranasal antidepressants. We began this review with an overview of the nasal drug delivery systems, including nasal drug delivery route, absorption mechanism, advantages, and limitations in the nasal drug delivery route. Next, we introduced the development of nasal drug delivery devices, such as powder devices, liquid-based devices, and so on. Finally, intranasal delivery carriers of antidepressants in clinical studies, including nanogels, nanostructured lipid, liposomes nanoparticles, nanoemulsions/microemulsion, were summarized. Moreover, challenges and future perspectives on recent progress of intranasal delivery carriers in antidepressant treatments were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Xu
- School of Marxism, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Mental Health Service Center, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jiangang Tao
- School of Marxism, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Mental Health Service Center, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jidong Wang
- Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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Zorkina Y, Abramova O, Ushakova V, Morozova A, Zubkov E, Valikhov M, Melnikov P, Majouga A, Chekhonin V. Nano Carrier Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Advantages and Limitations. Molecules 2020; 25:E5294. [PMID: 33202839 PMCID: PMC7697162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases are one of the main causes of disability, affecting millions of people. Various drugs are used for its treatment, although no effective therapy has been found yet. The blood brain barrier (BBB) significantly complicates drugs delivery to the target cells in the brain tissues. One of the problem-solving methods is the usage of nanocontainer systems. In this review we summarized the data about nanoparticles drug delivery systems and their application for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Firstly, we described and characterized types of nanocarriers: inorganic nanoparticles, polymeric and lipid nanocarriers, their advantages and disadvantages. We discussed ways to interact with nerve tissue and methods of BBB penetration. We provided a summary of nanotechnology-based pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder and Alzheimer's disease, where development of nanocontainer drugs derives the most active. We described various experimental drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease that include vector nanocontainers targeted on β-amyloid or tau-protein. Integrally, nanoparticles can substantially improve the drug delivery as its implication can increase BBB permeability, the pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of applied drugs. Thus, nanotechnology is anticipated to overcome the limitations of existing pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders and to effectively combine various treatment modalities in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zorkina
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Valeriya Ushakova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Zubkov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Marat Valikhov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Pavel Melnikov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Alexander Majouga
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Salem LH, El-Feky GS, Fahmy RH, El Gazayerly ON, Abdelbary A. Coated Lipidic Nanoparticles as a New Strategy for Enhancing Nose-to-Brain Delivery of a Hydrophilic Drug Molecule. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2237-2251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Asha Spandana K, Bhaskaran M, Karri V, Natarajan J. A comprehensive review of nano drug delivery system in the treatment of CNS disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Zhang L, Pang L, Zhu S, Ma J, Li R, Liu Y, Zhu L, Zhuang X, Zhi W, Yu X, Du L, Zuo H, Jin Y. Intranasal tetrandrine temperature-sensitive in situ hydrogels for the treatment of microwave-induced brain injury. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119384. [PMID: 32371003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the most sensitive organ to microwave radiation. However, few effective drugs are available for the treatment of microwave-induced brain injury due to the poor drug permeation into the brain. Here, intranasal tetrandrine (TET) temperature-sensitive in situ hydrogels (ISGs) were prepared with poloxamers 407 and 188. Its characteristics were evaluated, including rheological properties, drug release in vitro, and mucosal irritation. The pharmacodynamics and brain-targeting effects were also studied. The highly viscous ISGs remained in the nasal cavity for a long time with the sustained release of TET and no obvious ciliary toxicity. Intranasal temperature-sensitive TET ISGs markedly improved the spatial memory and spontaneous exploratory behavior induced by microwave with the Morris water maze (MWM) and the open field test (OFT) compared to the model. The ISGs alleviated the microwave-induced brain damage and inhibited the certain mRNA expressions of calcium channels in the brain. Intranasal temperature-sensitive TET ISGs was rapidly absorbed with a shorter Tmax (4.8 h) compared to that of oral TET (8.4 h). The brain targeting index of intranasal temperature-sensitive TET ISGs was as 2.26 times as that of the oral TET. Intranasal temperature-sensitive TET ISGs are a promising brain-targeted medication for the treatment of microwave-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lulu Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jinqiu Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ruiteng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- Beijing Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, No. 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Agrawal M, Saraf S, Saraf S, Dubey SK, Puri A, Patel RJ, Ajazuddin, Ravichandiran V, Murty US, Alexander A. Recent strategies and advances in the fabrication of nano lipid carriers and their application towards brain targeting. J Control Release 2020; 321:372-415. [PMID: 32061621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In last two decades, the lipid nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for their drug targeting efficiency towards the critical areas of the human body like CNS, cardiac region, tumor cells, etc. Owing to the flexibility and biocompatibility, the lipid-based nanocarriers, including nanoemulsion, liposomes, SLN, NLC etc. have gained much attention among various other nanocarrier systems for brain targeting of bioactives. Across different lipid nanocarriers, NLC remains to be the safest, stable, biocompatible and cost-effective drug carrier system with high encapsulation efficiency. Drug delivery to the brain always remains a challenging issue for scientists due to the complex structure and various barrier mechanisms surrounding the brain. The application of a suitable nanocarrier system and the use of any alternative route of drug administration like nose-to-brain drug delivery could overcome the hurdle and improves the therapeutic efficiency of CNS acting drugs thereof. NLC, a second-generation lipid nanocarrier, upsurges the drug permeation across the BBB due to its unique structural properties. The biocompatible lipid matrix and nano-size make it an ideal drug carrier for brain targeting. It offers many advantages over other drug carrier systems, including ease of manufacturing and scale-up to industrial level, higher drug targeting, high drug loading, control drug release, compatibility with a wide range of drug substances, non-toxic and non-irritant behavior. This review highlights recent progresses towards the development of NLC for brain targeting of bioactives with particular reference to its surface modifications, formulations aspects, pharmacokinetic behavior and efficacy towards the treatment of various neurological disorders like AD, PD, schizophrenia, epilepsy, brain cancer, CNS infection (viral and fungal), multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, and cerebral malaria. This work describes in detail the role and application of NLC, along with its different fabrication techniques and associated limitations. Specific emphasis is given to compile a summary and graphical data on the area explored by scientists and researchers worldwide towards the treatment of neurological disorders with or without NLC. The article also highlights a brief insight into two prime approaches for brain targeting, including drug delivery across BBB and direct nose-to-brain drug delivery along with the current global status of specific neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, USA
| | - Ravish J Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy (RPCP), Charotar University of Sciences and Technology (CHARUSAT), Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chunilal Bhawan 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Lombardo SM, Schneider M, Türeli AE, Günday Türeli N. Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:866-883. [PMID: 32551212 PMCID: PMC7277618 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system diseases are a heavy burden on society and health care systems. Hence, the delivery of drugs to the brain has gained more and more interest. The brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective barrier formed by the endothelial cells of the cerebral microvessels, which at the same time acts as a bottleneck for drug delivery by preventing the vast majority of drugs to reach the brain. To overcome this obstacle, drugs can be loaded inside nanoparticles that can carry the drug through the BBB. However, not all particles are able to cross the BBB and a multitude of factors needs to be taken into account when developing a carrier system for this purpose. Depending on the chosen pathway to cross the BBB, nanoparticle material, size and surface properties such as functionalization and charge should be tailored to fit the specific route of BBB crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Lombardo
- MyBiotech GmbH; Industriestraße 1B, 66802 Überherrn, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Akif E Türeli
- MyBiotech GmbH; Industriestraße 1B, 66802 Überherrn, Germany
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Rehman S, Nabi B, Zafar A, Baboota S, Ali J. Intranasal delivery of mucoadhesive nanocarriers: a viable option for Parkinson's disease treatment? Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1355-1366. [PMID: 31663382 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1684895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Intranasal drug delivery is a largely unexplored, promising approach for the treatment of various neurological disorders. However, due to the challenging constraints available in the pathway of nose-to-brain delivery, finding an effective treatment for Parkinsonism is still an impending mission for research workers. This warrants development of novel treatment alternatives for Parkinson's disease (PD). Intranasal delivery of mucoadhesive nanocarriers is one such novel approach which might help in curbing the glitches associated with the currently available therapy.Areas covered: This review summarizes the evidences supporting nose-to-brain delivery of polymer-based mucoadhesive nanocarriers for the treatment of PD. A concise insight into the lipid-based mucoadhesive nanocarriers has also been presented. The recent researches have been compiled pertaining to the use of mucoadhesive nanocarrriers for improving the treatment outcomes of PD via intranasal drug delivery.Expert opinion: Although the use of nanocarrier-based strategies for site-specific delivery via intranasal route has proven effective, the magnitude of improvement remains moderate resulting in limited translation from industry to the market. Comprehensive understanding of the mucoadhesive polymer, its characteristics and mechanisms involved for an effective nose-to-brain uptake of the drug is a promising avenue to develop novel formulations for effective management of Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bushra Nabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Vitorino C, Silva S, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Antidepressants and nose-to-brain delivery: drivers, restraints, opportunities and challenges. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1911-1923. [PMID: 31181188 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Why is nose-to-brain delivery considered to be a strategy that directly allows the access of antidepressants to the brain? In which circumstances can the intranasal pathway be applicable? Are there any requirements to follow? What triggers the antidepressant market? Which constraints are imposed during discovery programs? What opportunities can arise and what is their current status of development? Are they already translated into clinical practice? Which challenges are expected from recent development strategies? This review aims at providing a critical appraisal of nose-to-brain delivery of antidepressants, framed within a comprehensive analysis of drivers, restraints, opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Soraia Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Sathe P, Saka R, Kommineni N, Raza K, Khan W. Dithranol-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier-based gel ameliorate psoriasis in imiquimod-induced mice psoriatic plaque model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:826-838. [PMID: 30764674 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1576722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to formulate nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of dithranol-loaded in gel for ease of application and to evaluate its anti-psoriatic efficacy vis-a-vis conventional ointment formulation. SIGNIFICANCE This study will provide an insight about the use of nanocarriers, esp. NLCs loaded with dithranol for the effective treatment of psoriasis. METHODS Dithranol-loaded NLCs were prepared by hot melt homogenization method and characterized for particle size and percentage entrapment efficiency. The optimized NLCs were loaded into gel and evaluated for drug release, spreadability, rheological behavior, and staining. Anti-psoriatic efficacy of the NLC gel was evaluated in imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriatic plaque model in comparison with prepared conventional ointment formulation (1.15% w/w dithranol). RESULTS NLCs were prepared with particle size below 300 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) below 0.3 and percentage entrapment efficiency of ∼100%. The prepared NLC gel was then compared with the ointment for drug release, staining property, and efficacy. Topical application of dithranol-loaded NLC gel on IMQ-induced psoriatic plaque model reduced the symptoms of psoriasis assessed by both Psoriasis area severity index (PASI) scoring and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There was a significant reduction in disease severity and cytokines like Interleukins-17, 22, 23 and Tumor necrosis factor-α by the developed system in comparison to the negative control. CONCLUSIONS To conclude dithranol-loaded NLCs in gel base was efficacious in management of psoriasis at the same drug concentration and also offer less cloth staining to that of the ointment product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Sathe
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) , Hyderabad , India
| | - Raju Saka
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) , Hyderabad , India
| | - Nagavendra Kommineni
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) , Hyderabad , India
| | - Kaisar Raza
- b Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
| | - Wahid Khan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) , Hyderabad , India
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Optimization of rivastigmine nanoemulsion for enhanced brain delivery: in-vivo and toxicity evaluation. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abouhussein DM, Khattab A, Bayoumi NA, Mahmoud AF, Sakr TM. Brain targeted rivastigmine mucoadhesive thermosensitive In situ gel: Optimization, in vitro evaluation, radiolabeling, in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Selvaraj K, Gowthamarajan K, Karri VVSR. Nose to brain transport pathways an overview: potential of nanostructured lipid carriers in nose to brain targeting. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:2088-2095. [PMID: 29282995 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1420073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Many of the therapeutics used for the treatment of brain disorders are not effective and not delivered to the brain due to the complex structure and its barriers. In recent years, many advanced approaches have emerged for the brain drug delivery. Intranasal drug delivery is one of non-invasive approach has gained interest because of direct transport of drugs circumventing the brain barriers through olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. Eventhough through these pathways the therapeutics have direct access to the brain, the main limitations of this approach are only limited drug absorption, and nasal permeability. To overcome the issues related to the brain targeting via nasal drug delivery encourage the development of novel drug delivery by combining with nanotechnology. This article will discuss pathways of drug transport form nose to brain, toxicity of nanoparticles role and need of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and recent advance in combination of NLCs with intranasal drug delivery for targeting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousalya Selvaraj
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy , JSS University , Ootacamund , India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy , JSS University , Ootacamund , India
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Pires PC, Santos AO. Nanosystems in nose-to-brain drug delivery: A review of non-clinical brain targeting studies. J Control Release 2017; 270:89-100. [PMID: 29199063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders remains a challenge in medical research. Several strategies have been developed over the years, either to overcome the blood-brain barrier or to achieve a safer or faster brain delivery, one of them being intranasal (IN) administration. The possibility of direct nose-to-brain transport offers enhanced targeting and reduced systemic side effects. Nevertheless, labile, low soluble, low permeant and/or less potent drugs might need a formulation other than the common solutions or suspensions. For that, the formulation of nanosystems is considered to be a promising approach, since it can protect drugs from chemical and/or metabolic degradation, enhance their solubility, or offer transport through biological membranes. However, the understanding of the factors promoting efficient brain targeting when using nanosystems through the nasal route is currently patchy and incomplete. The main purpose of the present review was to evaluate the association between brain delivery efficacy (in terms of brain targeting, brain bioavailability and time to reach the brain) and nanosystem type. For that, we performed a systematic bibliographic search and analysis. Furthermore, study designs, nanosystem properties, and reporting quality were also analyzed and discussed. It was found a high heterogeneity in how pre-clinical brain targeting studies have been conducted, analyzed and reported in scientific literature, which surely originates a significant degree of bias and data dispersion. This review attempts to provide some systematization recommendations, which may be useful for researchers entering the field, and assist in increasing the uniformity of future reports. The analysis of literature data confirmed that there is evidence of the advantage of the IN route (when compared to the intravenous route) and in using carrier nanosystems (when compared to IN solutions) for brain delivery of a large set of drugs. Among the most represented nanosystem classes, microemulsions had some of the lowest pharmacokinetic ratios values, while polymeric micelles had some of the best. Nevertheless, brain targeting efficacy comparisons between nanosystem groups had little statistical significance, and the superiority of the polymeric micelles group disappeared when nanosystems were compared to the respective IN drug solutions. In fact, some drugs reached the brain so efficiently, even as drug solutions, that further benefit from formulating them into nanosystems became less evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia C Pires
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Adriana O Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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Ucar E, Teksoz S, Ichedef C, Kilcar AY, Medine EI, Ari K, Parlak Y, Sayit Bilgin BE, Unak P. Synthesis, characterization and radiolabeling of folic acid modified nanostructured lipid carriers as a contrast agent and drug delivery system. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 119:72-79. [PMID: 27866122 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are the new generation of solid lipid drug delivery systems. Their suitability as contrast agents for gamma scintigraphy is an attracting major attention. The aim of current study was to prepare surface modified nanostructured lipid carrier system for paclitaxel (PTX) with active targeting and imaging functions. In accordance with the purpose of study, PTX loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) prepared, modified with a folate derivative and radiolabeled with technetium-99m tricarbonyl complex (99mTc(CO)3+). Cellular incorporation ratios of radiolabeled nanoparticles (99mTc(CO)3-PTX-NLC) were investigated in vitro on three cancer cell lines. Additionally in vivo animal studies conducted to evaluate biological behavior of 99mTc(CO)3-PTX-NLC on female Wistar Albino rats. Biodistribution results showed that the folate derivative modified 99mTc(CO)3-PTX-NLC had considerably higher uptake in folate receptor positive organs. The data obtained from present study could be useful in the design of biodegradable drug carriers of PTX and folate receptor based tumor imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eser Ucar
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Teksoz
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Ichedef
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Yurt Kilcar
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - E Ilker Medine
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kadir Ari
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Parlak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - B Elvan Sayit Bilgin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Perihan Unak
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
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Warnken ZN, Smyth HD, Watts AB, Weitman S, Kuhn JG, Williams RO. Formulation and device design to increase nose to brain drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pandey YR, Kumar S, Gupta BK, Ali J, Baboota S. Intranasal delivery of paroxetine nanoemulsion via the olfactory region for the management of depression: formulation, behavioural and biochemical estimation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:025102. [PMID: 26629830 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/2/025102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and is used for the treatment of depression and anxiety problems, but suffers from the drawback of poor oral bioavailability (less than 50%) due to its extensive first pass metabolism. The objective of the present study was to develop a paroxetine loaded nanoemulsion (o/w type) for direct nose-to-brain delivery. Nanoemulsions were prepared by the spontaneous emulsification technique using Capmul MCM, Solutol HS 15 and propylene glycol as oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively, for delivery of drug directly to the brain through the nasal route for better management of depression. Formulations were studied for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), percentage transmittance, refractive index, viscosity, zeta potential, surface morphology and in vitro permeation study. TEM images of optimized formulation showed spherical droplets with a mean diameter of 58.47 ± 3.02 nm, PDI of 0.339 ± 0.007 and zeta potential values of -33 mV. The formulation showed good results for transmittance (100.60 ± 0.577%), refractive index (1.412 ± 0.003) and viscosity (40.85 ± 6.40 cP). Permeation studies revealed a 2.57-fold enhancement in permeation as compared to the paroxetine suspension. Behavioural studies such as the forced swimming test and locomotor activity test were done on Wistar rats to study the antidepressant effect of the optimized formulation. Treatment of depressed rats with paroxetine nanoemulsion (administered intranasally) significantly improved the behavioural activities in comparison to paroxetine suspension (orally administered). Biochemical estimation results revealed that the prepared nanoemulsion was effective in enhancing the depressed levels of glutathione and decreasing the elevated levels of TBARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Raj Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
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Dening TJ, Rao S, Thomas N, Prestidge CA. Oral nanomedicine approaches for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses. J Control Release 2015; 223:137-156. [PMID: 26739547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric illnesses are a leading cause of disability and morbidity globally. However, the preferred orally dosed pharmacological treatment options available for depression, anxiety and schizophrenia are often limited by factors such as low drug aqueous solubility, food effects, high hepatic first-pass metabolism effects and short half-lives. Furthermore, the discovery and development of more effective psychotropic agents has stalled in recent times, with the majority of new drugs reaching the market offering similar efficacy, but suffering from the same oral delivery concerns. As such, the application of nanomedicine formulation approaches to currently available drugs is a viable option for optimizing oral drug delivery and maximizing treatment efficacy. This review focuses on the various delivery challenges encountered by psychotropic drugs, and the ability of nanomedicine formulation strategies to overcome these. Specifically, we critically review proof of concept in vitro and in vivo studies of nanoemulsions/microemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers and nanosuspensions, and provide new insight into the various mechanisms for improved drug performance. The advantages and limitations of current oral nanomedicine approaches for psychotropic drugs are discussed, which will provide guidance for future research directions and assist in fostering the translation of such delivery systems to the clinical setting. Accordingly, emphasis has been placed on correlating the in vitro/in vivo performance of these nanomedicine approaches with their potential clinical outcomes and benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahnee J Dening
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Shasha Rao
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Gartziandia O, Egusquiaguirre SP, Bianco J, Pedraz JL, Igartua M, Hernandez RM, Préat V, Beloqui A. Nanoparticle transport across in vitro olfactory cell monolayers. Int J Pharm 2015; 499:81-89. [PMID: 26721725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug access to the CNS is hindered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the intranasal route has risen as a non-invasive route to transport drugs directly from nose-to-brain avoiding the BBB. In addition, nanoparticles (NPs) have been described as efficient shuttles for direct nose-to-brain delivery of drugs. Nevertheless, there are few studies describing NP nose-to-brain transport. Thus, the aim of this work was (i) to develop, characterize and validate in vitro olfactory cell monolayers and (ii) to study the transport of polymeric- and lipid-based NPs across these monolayers in order to estimate NP access into the brain using cell penetrating peptide (CPPs) moieties: Tat and Penetratin (Pen). All tested poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulations were stable in transport buffer and biocompatible with the olfactory mucosa cells. Nevertheless, 0.7% of PLGA NPs was able to cross the olfactory cell monolayers, whereas 8% and 22% of NLC and chitosan-coated NLC (CS-NLC) were transported across them, respectively. Moreover, the incorporation of CPPs to NLC surface significantly increased their transport, reaching 46% of transported NPs. We conclude that CPP-CS-NLC represent a promising brain shuttle via nose-to-brain for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Gartziandia
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susana Patricia Egusquiaguirre
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - John Bianco
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium; Integrated Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ana Beloqui
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium.
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Md S, Mustafa G, Baboota S, Ali J. Nanoneurotherapeutics approach intended for direct nose to brain delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 41:1922-34. [PMID: 26057769 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1052081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Brain disorders remain the world's leading cause of disability, and account for more hospitalizations and prolonged care than almost all other diseases combined. The majority of drugs, proteins and peptides do not readily permeate into brain due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus impeding treatment of these conditions. OBJECTIVE Attention has turned to developing novel and effective delivery systems to provide good bioavailability in the brain. METHODS Intranasal administration is a non-invasive method of drug delivery that may bypass the BBB, allowing therapeutic substances direct access to the brain. However, intranasal administration produces quite low drug concentrations in the brain due limited nasal mucosal permeability and the harsh nasal cavity environment. Pre-clinical studies using encapsulation of drugs in nanoparticulate systems improved the nose to brain targeting and bioavailability in brain. However, the toxic effects of nanoparticles on brain function are unknown. RESULT AND CONCLUSION This review highlights the understanding of several brain diseases and the important pathophysiological mechanisms involved. The review discusses the role of nanotherapeutics in treating brain disorders via nose to brain delivery, the mechanisms of drug absorption across nasal mucosa to the brain, strategies to overcome the blood brain barrier, nanoformulation strategies for enhanced brain targeting via nasal route and neurotoxicity issues of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU) , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- b College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , and.,c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi , India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi , India
| | - Javed Ali
- c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi , India
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Abdelrahman FE, Elsayed I, Gad MK, Badr A, Mohamed MI. Investigating the cubosomal ability for transnasal brain targeting: In vitro optimization, ex vivo permeation and in vivo biodistribution. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:281-91. [PMID: 26026251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to enhance the risperidone delivery to the brain through the transnasal route via optimization of cubosomal gel. Cubosomes were prepared using glycerol mono-oleate (GMO), Pluronic F127 (PF127) and Tween 80 (T80). The prepared formulae were characterized by testing their particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and transmission electron microscopy. Central composite design was planned for the formulae optimization and the selected formula (containing PF127 with concentration 15 mg/g GMO and T80 with concentration of 20mg/L) was re-prepared in presence of gelling polymer (gellan gum or polyox). The optimal cubosomal gel (containing 0.4% w/v polyox) had been subjected to ex-vivo permeation, histopathological evaluation and in vivo biodistribution studies. It showed significantly higher transnasal permeation and better distribution to the brain, when compared to the used control (drug solution and/or suspension). Finally, the cubosomal gel could be considered as a promising carrier for brain targeting of CNS acting drugs through the transnasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mary Kamal Gad
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Badr
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdi Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yasir M, Sara UVS. Solid lipid nanoparticles for nose to brain delivery of haloperidol: in vitro drug release and pharmacokinetics evaluation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:454-63. [PMID: 26579417 PMCID: PMC4629108 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, haloperidol (HP)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared to enhance the uptake of HP to brain via intranasal (i.n.) delivery. SLNs were prepared by a modified emulsification–diffusion technique and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and stability. All parameters were found to be in an acceptable range. In vitro drug release was found to be 94.16±4.78% after 24 h and was fitted to the Higuchi model with a very high correlation coefficient (R2=0.9941). Pharmacokinetics studies were performed on albino Wistar rats and the concentration of HP in brain and blood was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The brain/blood ratio at 0.5 h for HP-SLNs i.n., HP sol. i.n. and HP sol. i.v. was 1.61, 0.17 and 0.031, respectively, indicating direct nose-to-brain transport, bypassing the blood–brain barrier. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in brain achieved from i.n. administration of HP-SLNs (329.17±20.89 ng/mL, Tmax 2 h) was significantly higher than that achieved after i.v. (76.95±7.62 ng/mL, Tmax 1 h), and i.n. (90.13±6.28 ng/mL, Tmax 2 h) administration of HP sol. The highest drug-targeting efficiency (2362.43%) and direct transport percentage (95.77%) was found with HP-SLNs as compared to the other formulations. Higher DTE (%) and DTP (%) suggest that HP-SLNs have better brain targeting efficiency as compared to other formulations.
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Rationale employment of cell culture versus conventional techniques in pharmaceutical appraisal of nanocarriers. J Control Release 2014; 194:92-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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