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Homayoonfal M, Aminianfar A, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. Application of Nanoparticles for Efficient Delivery of Quercetin in Cancer Cells. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1107-1141. [PMID: 36856173 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230301121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (Qu, 3,5,7,3', 4'-pentahydroxyflavanone) is a natural polyphenol compound abundantly found in health food or plant-based products. In recent decades, Qu has gained significant attention in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutic industries owning to its wide beneficial therapeutic properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Despite the favorable roles of Qu in cancer therapy due to its numerous impacts on the cell signaling axis, its poor chemical stability and bioavailability, low aqueous solubility as well as short biological half-life have limited its clinical application. Recently, drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology have been developed to overcome such limitations and enhance the Qu biodistribution following administration. Several investigations have indicated that the nano-formulation of Qu enjoys more remarkable anticancer effects than its free form. Furthermore, incorporating Qu in various nano-delivery systems improved its sustained release and stability, extended its circulation time, enhanced its accumulation at target sites, and increased its therapeutic efficiency. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the anticancer properties of various Qu nano-formulation to augment their effects on different malignancies. Various targeting strategies for improving Qu delivery, including nanoliposomes, lipids, polymeric, micelle, and inorganic nanoparticle NPs, have been discussed in this review. The results of the current study illustrated that a combination of appropriate nano encapsulation approaches with tumor-oriented targeting delivery might lead to establishing QU nanoparticles that can be a promising technique for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Khan R, Mirza MA, Aqil M, Hassan N, Zakir F, Ansari MJ, Iqbal Z. A Pharmaco-Technical Investigation of Thymoquinone and Peat-Sourced Fulvic Acid Nanoemulgel: A Combination Therapy. Gels 2022; 8:733. [PMID: 36354641 PMCID: PMC9689985 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone has a multitude of pharmacological effects and has been researched for a wide variety of indications, but with limited clinical success. It is associated with pharmaco-technical caveats such as hydrophobicity, high degradation, and a low oral bioavailability. A prudent approach warrants its usage through an alternative dermal route in combination with functional excipients to harness its potential for treating dermal afflictions, such as psoriasis. Henceforth, the present study explores a nanoformulation approach for designing a fulvic acid (peat-sourced)-based thymoquinone nanoemulsion gel (FTQ-NEG) for an enhanced solubility and improved absorption. The excipients, surfactant/co-surfactant, and oil selected for the o/w nanoemulsion (FTQ-NE) are Tween 80/Transcutol-P and kalonji oil. The formulation methodology includes high-energy ultrasonication complemented with a three-dimensional/factorial Box-Behnken design for guided optimization. The surface morphology assessment through scanning/transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed a 100 nm spherical, globule-like structure of the prepared nanoemulsion. Furthermore, the optimized FTQ-NE had a zeta potential of -2.83 ± 0.14 Mv, refractive index of 1.415 ± 0.036, viscosity of 138.5 ± 3.08 mp, and pH of 5.8 ± 0.16, respectively. The optimized FTQ-NE was then formulated as a gel using Carbopol 971® (1%). The in vitro release analysis of the optimized FTQ-NEG showed a diffusion-dominant drug release (Higuchi model) for 48 h. The drug permeation flux observed for FTQ-NEG (3.64 μg/cm2/h) was much higher compared to that of the pure drug (1.77 mg/cm2/h). The results were further confirmed by confocal microscopy studies, which proved the improved penetration of thymoquinone through mice skin. Long-term stability studies of the purported formulation were also conducted and yielded satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmuddin Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Aamir Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nazia Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Foziyah Zakir
- Department of B. Pharm (Ayurveda), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Cheng F, Pan Q, Gao W, Pu Y, Luo K, He B. Reversing Chemotherapy Resistance by a Synergy between Lysosomal pH-Activated Mitochondrial Drug Delivery and Erlotinib-Mediated Drug Efflux Inhibition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29257-29268. [PMID: 34130450 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial drug delivery has attracted increasing attention in various mitochondrial dysfunction-associated disorders such as cancer owing to the important role of energy production. Herein, we report a lysosomal pH-activated mitochondrial-targeting polymer nanoparticle to overcome drug resistance by a synergy between mitochondrial delivery of doxorubicin (DOX, an anticancer drug) and erlotinib-mediated inhibition of drug efflux. The obtained nanoparticles, DE-NPs could maintain negative charge and have long blood circulation while undergoing charge reversal at lysosomal pH after internalization by cancer cells. Thereafter, the acidity-activated polycationic and hydrophobic polypeptide domains boost lysosomal escape and mitochondrial-targeting drug delivery, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP suppression, and cell apoptosis. Moreover, the suppressed ATP supply and erlotinib enabled dual inhibition of drug efflux by DOX-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells, leading to significantly augmented intracellular DOX accumulation and a synergistic anticancer effect with a 17-fold decrease of IC50 relative to DOX. In vivo antitumor study demonstrates that DE-NPs efficiently suppressed the tumor burden in MCF-7/ADR tumor-bearing mice and led to negligible toxicity. This work establishes that a combination of mitochondrial drug delivery and drug efflux inhibition could be a promising strategy for combating multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23219, Virginia, United States
| | - Qingqing Pan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenxia Gao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Drug Resistance in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Tumor Targeted Nanomedicine to the Rescue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094673. [PMID: 33925129 PMCID: PMC8125767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, specifically metastatic breast, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. This is mainly due to relapse and reoccurrence of tumor. The primary reason for cancer relapse is the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) hampering the treatment and prognosis. MDR can occur due to a multitude of molecular events, including increased expression of efflux transporters such as P-gp, BCRP, or MRP1; epithelial to mesenchymal transition; and resistance development in breast cancer stem cells. Excessive dose dumping in chemotherapy can cause intrinsic anti-cancer MDR to appear prior to chemotherapy and after the treatment. Hence, novel targeted nanomedicines encapsulating chemotherapeutics and gene therapy products may assist to overcome cancer drug resistance. Targeted nanomedicines offer innovative strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy while permitting enhanced selectivity to cancer cells. Targeted nanotheranostics permit targeted drug release, precise breast cancer diagnosis, and importantly, the ability to overcome MDR. The article discusses various nanomedicines designed to selectively target breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, and breast cancer stem cells. In addition, the review discusses recent approaches, including combination nanoparticles (NPs), theranostic NPs, and stimuli sensitive or “smart” NPs. Recent innovations in microRNA NPs and personalized medicine NPs are also discussed. Future perspective research for complex targeted and multi-stage responsive nanomedicines for metastatic breast cancer is discussed.
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Zang X, Cheng M, Zhang X, Chen X. Quercetin nanoformulations: a promising strategy for tumor therapy. Food Funct 2021; 12:6664-6681. [PMID: 34152346 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00851j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals as dietary constituents are being widely explored for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Quercetin, a major constituent of various dietary products, has attracted extensive interest due to its anti-proliferative capability, reversal of multidrug resistance, autophagy promotion and tumor microenvironment modulation on different cancer types. Although quercetin has shown potent medical value, its application as an antitumor drug is limited. Problems like poor solubility, bioavailability and stability, short half-life and weak tumor-targeting biodistribution make quercetin an unreliable candidate for cancer therapy. Nanoparticle based platforms have shown a number of advantages in delivering a hydrophobic drug like quercetin to diseased tissues. Quercetin nanoparticles have demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency, stability, sustained release, prolonged circulation time, improved accumulation at tumor sites and therapeutic efficiency. Moreover, a combination of quercetin with other diagnostic or therapeutic agents in one nanocarrier has achieved enhancements in detecting or treating tumors. In this review, we have tried to summarize the pharmacological activities of quercetin with regard to tumor cells and microenvironments in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, various nanoformulations have been highlighted for quercetin delivery for cancer treatment. These results suggest that quercetin nanoparticles may be a promising antitumor therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Zang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, PR China.
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Zafar S, Akhter S, Garg N, Selvapandiyan A, Kumar Jain G, Ahmad FJ. Co-encapsulation of docetaxel and thymoquinone in mPEG-DSPE-vitamin E TPGS-lipid nanocapsules for breast cancer therapy: Formulation optimization and implications on cellular and in vivo toxicity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:10-26. [PMID: 31923585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designed combination nano-therapy approaches have emerged as a promising strategy for resistant breast cancer treatment. This research reports the combination of Docetaxel (DTX) and Thymoquinone (THQ) co-encapsulated within long circulating sub-100 nm mPEG-DSPE-Vitamin E TPGS-Lipid nanocapsules (DxTq-LNCs). DxTq-LNCs with sufficient drug loading exhibited controlled drug release, enhanced protein binding resistance (confirming its long circulation in physiological environment and suitability for iv application) and retained the antioxidant effects of THQ. DxTq-LNCs were further subjected to cytotoxicity analysis against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231). The presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agents; Vitamin E TPGS and THQ, along with the nanoencapsulation, re-sensitized the resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to the anticancer effects of DTX. Greater inhibition of cell migration indicated improved anti-metastatic effects. Drastic changes in cellular morphology indicated by nuclear fragmentation (the hall marks of apoptosis), were observed upon DxTq-LNCs treatment to the breast cancer cells. In vivo toxicity studies indicated no substantial blood biochemical and histological changes with near normal appearance of kidney and liver tissue sections upon DxTq-LNCs treatment in contrast to free drug that showed parenchymal degeneration, areas of interstitial haemorrhage, glomerular atrophy and other histological changes, indicating hepato- and nephro-protective potential of DxTq-LNCs. Furthermore, enhanced antitumor efficacy was observed with DxTq-LNCs treatment to mice bearing ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Thus, nanocapsules presents a simple yet effective approach for successful combination chemotherapy with reduced unwanted toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobiya Zafar
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, 110062 New Delhi, India
| | - Sohail Akhter
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, 110062 New Delhi, India; Nucleic Acids Transfer by Non-viral Methods, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; LE STUDIUM® Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre-Val de Loire Region, France; Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nupur Garg
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, 110062 New Delhi, India
| | | | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, 110062 New Delhi, India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, 110062 New Delhi, India.
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Improved chemotherapeutic efficacy against resistant human breast cancer cells with co-delivery of Docetaxel and Thymoquinone by Chitosan grafted lipid nanocapsules: Formulation optimization, in vitro and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 186:110603. [PMID: 31846892 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, multi-targeted chemotherapeutic combinations have received considerable attention in solid tumor chemotherapy. Here, we optimized low-molecular-weight chitosan (CS)-grafted lipid nanocapsules (LNCs, referred to as CLNCs) for the co-delivery of docetaxel (DTX) and thymoquinone (THQ) to treat drug-resistant breast cancer. We first screened size reduction techniques (homogenization vs ultrasonication), and then the 33-Box-Behnken design was employed to determine optimal conditions of the final LNCs with the desired quality attributes. Uncoated LNCs had a particle size of 141.7 ± 2.8 nm (Polydispersity index, PdI: 0.17 ± 0.02) with entrapment efficiency (%EE) of 66.1 ± 3.5 % and 85.3 ± 3.1 % for DTX and THQ, respectively. The CS functionalization of LNCs improved the uptake and endosomal escape effect, and led to a significantly higher cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. Furthermore, an enhanced antiangiogenic effect was observed with DTX- and THQ-carrying CLNCs in the Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.
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Ristroph KD, Prud'homme RK. Hydrophobic ion pairing: encapsulating small molecules, peptides, and proteins into nanocarriers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4207-4237. [PMID: 33442667 PMCID: PMC7771517 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00308h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic ion pairing has emerged as a method to modulate the solubility of charged hydrophilic molecules ranging in class from small molecules to large enzymes. Charged hydrophilic molecules are ionically paired with oppositely-charged molecules that include hydrophobic moieties; the resulting uncharged complex is water-insoluble and will precipitate in aqueous media. Here we review one of the most prominent applications of hydrophobic ion pairing: efficient encapsulation of charged hydrophilic molecules into nano-scale delivery vehicles - nanoparticles or nanocarriers. Hydrophobic complexes are formed and then encapsulated using techniques developed for poorly-water-soluble therapeutics. With this approach, researchers have reported encapsulation efficiencies up to 100% and drug loadings up to 30%. This review covers the fundamentals of hydrophobic ion pairing, including nomenclature, drug eligibility for the technique, commonly-used counterions, and drug release of encapsulated ion paired complexes. We then focus on nanoformulation techniques used in concert with hydrophobic ion pairing and note strengths and weaknesses specific to each. The penultimate section bridges hydrophobic ion pairing with the related fields of polyelectrolyte coacervation and polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexation. We then discuss the state of the art and anticipated future challenges. The review ends with comprehensive tables of reported hydrophobic ion pairing and encapsulation from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D. Ristroph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA
| | - Robert K. Prud'homme
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA
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Cabazitaxel and silibinin co-encapsulated cationic liposomes for CD44 targeted delivery: A new insight into nanomedicine based combinational chemotherapy for prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:803-817. [PMID: 30554119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the promising targets for cancer chemotherapy that cannot be eliminated by conventional chemotherapy. In this study cationic liposomes of cabazitaxel (CBX) and silibinin (SIL) were prepared with an aim to kill cancer cells and CSCs for prostate cancer. CBX act as cancer cell inhibitor and SIL as CSC inhibitor. Hyaluronic acid (HA), an endogenous anionic polysaccharide was coated on cationic liposomes for targeting CD44 receptors over expressed on CSCs. Liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection method with particle size below 100 nm and entrapment efficiency of more than 90% at 10% w/w drug loading. Liposomes were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Liposomes were evaluated for their anticancer action in androgen independent human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and DU-145). HA coated liposomes showed potential cytotoxicity over other groups with low IC50, significantly inhibited cell migration and induced apoptosis. Synergistic cytotoxic effect was also observed with HA coated liposomes that resulted in colony formation inhibition and G2/M phase arrest. Proficient cytotoxicity against CD44+ cells (14.87 ± 0.41% in PC-3 and 33.95 ± 0.68% in DU-145 cells) indicated the efficiency of HA coated liposomes towards CSC targeting. Hence, the outcome of this combinational therapy with CD44 targeting indicates the suitability of HA coated CBX and SIL co-loaded liposomes as a potential approach for eradicating prostate cancer and herein might provide a insight for future studies.
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Pardeshi CV, Belgamwar VS. N,N,N‑trimethyl chitosan modified flaxseed oil based mucoadhesive neuronanoemulsions for direct nose to brain drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2560-2571. [PMID: 30201564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we fabricated flaxseed oil-based neuronanoemulsions (NNEs) which were further surface-modified with a mucoadhesive polymer, N,N,N‑trimethyl chitosan (TMC) to form mucoadhesive neuronanoemulsions (mNNEs). The NNEs were loaded with high partitioning ropinirole-dextran sulfate (ROPI-DS) nanoplex and fabricated using hot high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique. NNEs were optimized using Central Composite experimental design. TMC modified mNNE have not been prepared yet for direct nose to brain drug delivery. Here, an objective to provide controlled drug release with prolonged residence on the nasal mucosa for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is at prime consideration. Enhanced brain targeting through BBB bypass drug delivery, improved therapeutic efficacy through enhanced retention of mNNE formulation over nasal mucosal membrane, reduced dose and frequency of administration, and safety were further expected outcomes of this experiment. The mNNE formulation was subjected to 6 month stability assessment. The mNNE formulation was administered to the Swiss albino mice model via intranasal route and both, the plasma and brain pharmacokinetics were estimated. The in vivo studies performed on mice exhibited high brain targeting efficiency of mNNE formulation through nose to brain delivery via olfactory pathway. The prepared intranasal mNNEs could be on the clinics, if investigated more for behavioral and neurotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakantsing V Pardeshi
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Veena S Belgamwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, 110 033, Maharashtra, India
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Ahmed S, Gull A, Alam M, Aqil M, Sultana Y. Ultrasonically tailored, chemically engineered and "QbD" enabled fabrication of agomelatine nanoemulsion; optimization, characterization, ex-vivo permeation and stability study. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:213-226. [PMID: 29137746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of present study was to develop a nanoemulsion formulation of agomelatine (BCS class II drug) for the solubility enhancement. Capmul MCM, Tween 80 and PEG-400 were selected as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively. The high energy ultrasonication method was used for the preparation of nanoemulsion. Three-factor three-level central composite design was employed to get the best formulation. The independent variables selected for the optimization were % oil, %Smix and sonication time (second). Based on the constraints applied to independent and dependent variables, the optimized formulation was selected with 2% oil, 10% Smix and 45s sonication time. The experimental values for dependent variables such as hydrodynamic diameter (nm), % transmittance and % CDR were found to be 73.72±2.53nm, 98.2±0.42%, 84.71±4.05% respectively. TEM and AFM-assisted morphological characterization of optimized Ago-NE was done and it was found with a spherical shape. The PDI, Zeta potential and the refractive index of optimized Ago-NE were found to be 0.137±0.016, -7.40±0.12mV and 1.423±0.045 respectively. The viscosity, pH and drug content of optimized Ago-NE were found as 25.12±0.67cP, 6.4±0.17 and 97.83±1.03% respectively. The ex-vivo permeation profile of optimized Ago-NE and agomelatine suspension through goat nasal mucosa were compared till 12h and % cumulative drug permeated was found to be 90% and 40% respectively. The higher drug permeation profile of optimized Ago-NE confirmed that the solubility of agomelatine has been improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeeb Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Azka Gull
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahtab Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India.
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Muheem A, Shakeel F, Warsi MH, Jain GK, Ahmad FJ. A Combinatorial Statistical Design Approach to Optimize the Nanostructured Cubosomal Carrier System for Oral Delivery of Ubidecarenone for Management of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: In Vitro–In Vivo Investigations. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3050-3065. [PMID: 28552692 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bhardwaj AK, Shukla A, Mishra RK, Singh SC, Mishra V, Uttam KN, Singh MP, Sharma S, Gopal R. Power and Time Dependent Microwave Assisted Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Decorated Cotton (SNDC) Fibers for Bacterial Decontamination. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:330. [PMID: 28316594 PMCID: PMC5334347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver and gold have fascinating optical properties due to their enhanced optical sensitivity at a wavelength corresponding to their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption. Present work deals with the fabrication of silver nanoparticles decorated cotton (SNDC) fibers as a cheap and efficient point of contact disinfectant. SNDC fibers were fabricated by a simple microwave assisted route. The microwave power and irradiation time were controlled to optimize size and density of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on textile fibers. As prepared cotton fabric was characterized for ATR-FTIR, UV-VIS diffuse reflectance, SEM and TEM investigations. Size of SNPs as well as total density of silver atoms on fabric gets increased with the increase of microwave power from 100 W to 600 W. The antibacterial efficacy of SNPs extracted from SNDC fibers was found to be more effective against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria with MIC 38.5 ± 0.93 μg/mL against Salmonella typhimurium MTCC-98 and 125 ± 2.12 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC-737, a linear correlation coefficient with R2 ranging from ∼0.928–0.935 was also observed. About >50% death cells were observed through Propidium Iodide (PI) internalization after treatment of SNPs extracted from SNDC fibers with concentration 31.25 μg/mL. Generation of ROS and free radical has also been observed which leads to cell death. Excellent Escherichia coli deactivation efficacy suggested that SNDC fibers could be used as potentially safe disinfectants for cleaning of medical equipment, hand, wound, water and preservation of food and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K Bhardwaj
- Centre for Environmental Science, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India; Laser Spectroscopy and Nanomaterials Lab., Department of Physics, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Abhishek Shukla
- Laser Spectroscopy and Nanomaterials Lab., Department of Physics, University of Allahabad Allahabad, India
| | - Rohit K Mishra
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India
| | - S C Singh
- Laser Spectroscopy and Nanomaterials Lab., Department of Physics, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India; High-Intensity Femtosecond Laser Laboratory, The Institute of Optics, University of RochesterRochester, NY, USA
| | - Vani Mishra
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India
| | - K N Uttam
- Laser Spectroscopy and Nanomaterials Lab., Department of Physics, University of Allahabad Allahabad, India
| | - Mohan P Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad Allahabad, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India
| | - R Gopal
- Laser Spectroscopy and Nanomaterials Lab., Department of Physics, University of Allahabad Allahabad, India
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15
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Bar-Zeev M, Livney YD, Assaraf YG. Targeted nanomedicine for cancer therapeutics: Towards precision medicine overcoming drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 31:15-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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17
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Lee WH, Loo CY, Leong CR, Young PM, Traini D, Rohanizadeh R. The achievement of ligand-functionalized organic/polymeric nanoparticles for treating multidrug resistant cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:937-957. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1247804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Hin Lee
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ching-Yee Loo
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chean-Ring Leong
- Section of Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UNIKL) MICET, Alor Gajah, Malaysia
| | - Paul M. Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Pradhan L, Thakur B, Srivastava R, Ray P, Bahadur D. Assessing Therapeutic Potential of Magnetic Mesoporous Nanoassemblies for Chemo-Resistant Tumors. Theranostics 2016; 6:1557-72. [PMID: 27446490 PMCID: PMC4955055 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart drug delivery system with strategic drug distribution is the future state-of-the-art treatment for any malignancy. To investigate therapeutic potential of such nanoparticle mediated delivery system, we examined the efficacy of dual drug-loaded, pH and thermo liable lipid coated mesoporous iron oxide-based magnetic nanoassemblies (DOX:TXL-LMMNA) in mice bearing both drug sensitive (A2780(S)) and drug resistant (A2780-CisR) ovarian cancer tumor xenografts. In presence of an external AC magnetic field (ACMF), DOX:TXL-LMMNA particles disintegrate to release encapsulated drug due to hyperthermic temperatures (41-45 ºC). In vivo bio distribution study utilizing the optical and magnetic properties of DOX:TXL-LMMNA particles demonstrated minimum organ specific toxicity. Noninvasive bioluminescence imaging of mice bearing A2780(S) tumors and administered with DOX-TXL-LMMNA followed by the application of ACMF revealed 65% less luminescence signal and 80% mice showed complete tumor regression within eight days. A six months follow-up study revealed absence of relapse in 70% of the mice. Interestingly, the A2780-CisR tumors which did not respond to drug alone (DOX:TXL) showed 80% reduction in luminescence and tumor volume with DOX:TXL-LMMNA after thermo-chemotherapy within eight days. Cytotoxic effect of DOX:TXL-LMMNA particles was more pronounced in A2780-CisR cells than in their sensitive counterpart. Thus these novel stimuli sensitive nanoassemblies hold great promise for therapy resistant malignancies and future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Pradhan
- 1. Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Sciences, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076,India
- 4. Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 India
| | - Bhushan Thakur
- 2. Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- 3. Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- 2. Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Dhirendra Bahadur
- 4. Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 India
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19
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Zhang HY, Firempong CK, Wang YW, Xu WQ, Wang MM, Cao X, Zhu Y, Tong SS, Yu JN, Xu XM. Ergosterol-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles with enhanced in vitro antitumor activity and oral bioavailability. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:834-44. [PMID: 27133301 PMCID: PMC4954769 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Ergosterol is a plant sterol with anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities, but is poorly soluble. In this study, we attempted to enhance its anti-tumor action and oral bioavailability via poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticle encapsulation. METHODS Ergosterol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NPs/Erg) were prepared using the emulsion/solvent evaporation technique. Their physicochemical properties were characterized, and their cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines was evaluated with MTT assay. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of NPs/Erg were investigated in rats and mice, respectively. RESULTS NPs/Erg were spherical in shape with a particle size of 156.9±4.8 nm and a Zeta potential of -19.27±1.13 mV, and had acceptable encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity. NPs/Erg exerted much stronger cytotoxicity against human cancer cells than the free ergosterol, and showed significantly reduced IC50 values (14.69±0.48 μg/mL in glioma U251 cells; 9.43±0.52 μg/mL in breast cancer MCF-7 cells; 4.70±0.41 μg/mL in hepatoma HepG2 cells). After oral administration of a single dose in rats, NPs/Erg displayed a prolonged plasma circulation with a 4.9-fold increase of oral bioavailability compared with the free ergosterol. After mice received NPs/Erg, the ergosterol in NPs/Erg was rapidly distributed in stomach, kidneys, liver, brain, spleen, and virtually non-existent in heart and lungs. The presence of NPs/Erg in brain was particularly improved compared with the free ergosterol. CONCLUSION The PLGA nanoparticles serve as a promising carrier for the poorly soluble ergosterol and significantly improve its bioavailability, biodistribution and in vitro anti-tumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Caleb Kesse Firempong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yuan-Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wen-Qian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Miao-Miao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shan-Shan Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xi-Ming Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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20
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Pardeshi CV, Belgamwar VS. Ropinirole-dextran sulfate nanoplex for nasal administration against Parkinson's disease: in silico molecular modeling and in vitro-ex vivo evaluation. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:635-648. [PMID: 27068140 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1167703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dextran sulfate sodium (DS) was allowed to interact ionically with ropinirole hydrochloride (ROPI HCl, an anti-Parkinsonian agent) to synthesize self-assembled ROPI-DS nanoplex. The preliminary objective behind ROPI-DS complexation was to enhance the partitioning of ROPI HCl and thereby its encapsulation into nanocarriers and to improve the nasal membrane permeability. Molecular interactions were computed using in silico molecular modeling. Nanoplex were characterized for physicochemical and partitioning behavior. Optimized ROPI-DS nanoplex was further characterized by spectroscopic and thermal analysis, diffraction studies, morphological and histopathological analysis. In summary, ROPI-DS nanoplex represents a promising nanocarrier material for intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakantsing Vijaysing Pardeshi
- a Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics , R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Shirpur , Maharashtra , India
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21
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Muntimadugu E, Kumar R, Saladi S, Rafeeqi TA, Khan W. CD44 targeted chemotherapy for co-eradication of breast cancer stem cells and cancer cells using polymeric nanoparticles of salinomycin and paclitaxel. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:532-546. [PMID: 27045981 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This combinational therapy is mainly aimed for complete eradication of tumor by killing both cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Salinomycin (SLM) was targeted towards cancer stem cells whereas paclitaxel (PTX) was used to kill cancer cells. Drug loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method using cationic stabilizer. Size of the nanoparticles (below 150nm) was determined by dynamic light scattering technique and transmission electron microscopy. In vitro release study confirmed the sustained release pattern of SLM and PTX from nanoparticles more than a month. Cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7 cells revealed the toxicity potential of nanoparticles over drug solutions. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was coated onto the surface of SLM nanoparticles for targeting CD44 receptors over expressed on cancer stem cells and they showed the highest cytotoxicity with minimum IC50 on breast cancer cells. Synergistic cytotoxic effect was also observed with combination of nanoparticles. Cell uptake studies were carried out using FITC loaded nanoparticles. These particles showed improved cellular uptake over FITC solution and HA coating further enhanced the effect by 1.5 folds. CD44 binding efficiency of nanoparticles was studied by staining MDA-MB-231 cells with anti CD44 human antibody and CD44(+) cells were enumerated using flow cytometry. CD44(+) cell count was drastically decreased when treated with HA coated SLM nanoparticles indicating their efficiency towards cancer stem cells. Combination of HA coated SLM nanoparticles and PTX nanoparticles showed the highest cytotoxicity against CD44(+) cells. Hence combinational therapy using conventional chemotherapeutic drug and cancer stem cell inhibitor could be a promising approach in overcoming cancer recurrence due to resistant cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eameema Muntimadugu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- UGC Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles, and Nanocomposites, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shantikumar Saladi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Towseef Amin Rafeeqi
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine (CRIUM), Hyderabad 500038, India
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India.
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Dosio F, Arpicco S, Stella B, Fattal E. Hyaluronic acid for anticancer drug and nucleic acid delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:204-36. [PMID: 26592477 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely used in anticancer drug delivery, since it is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic; moreover, HA receptors are overexpressed on many tumor cells. Exploiting this ligand-receptor interaction, the use of HA is now a rapidly-growing platform for targeting CD44-overexpressing cells, to improve anticancer therapies. The rationale underlying approaches, chemical strategies, and recent advances in the use of HA to design drug carriers for delivering anticancer agents, are reviewed. Comprehensive descriptions are given of HA-based drug conjugates, particulate carriers (micelles, liposomes, nanoparticles, microparticles), inorganic nanostructures, and hydrogels, with particular emphasis on reports of preclinical/clinical results.
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23
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Yang CH, Wang LS, Chen SY, Huang MC, Li YH, Lin YC, Chen PF, Shaw JF, Huang KS. Microfluidic assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticle-chitosan composite microparticles for antibacterial applications. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:493-500. [PMID: 26780124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticle (Ag NP)-loaded chitosan composites have numerous biomedical applications; however, fabricating uniform composite microparticles remains challenging. This paper presents a novel microfluidic approach for single-step and in situ synthesis of Ag NP-loaded chitosan microparticles. This proposed approach enables obtaining uniform and monodisperse Ag NP-loaded chitosan microparticles measuring several hundred micrometers. In addition, the diameter of the composites can be tuned by adjusting the flow on the microfluidic chip. The composite particles containing Ag NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectra and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry data. The characteristic peaks of Ag NPs in the UV-vis spectra and the element mapping or pattern revealed the formation of nanosized silver particles. The results of antibacterial tests indicated that both chitosan and composite particles showed antibacterial ability, and Ag NPs could enhance the inhibition rate and exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial ability. Because of the properties of Ag NPs and chitosan, the synthesized composite microparticles can be used in several future potential applications, such as bactericidal agents for water disinfection, antipathogens, and surface plasma resonance enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Shuo Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan; The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Chen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan; The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hua Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan; The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chul Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan; The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan; The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Jei-Fu Shaw
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan.
| | - Keng-Shiang Huang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Taiwan.
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