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Bachawala S, Lagare RB, Delaney AB, Nagy ZK, Reklaitis GV, Gonzalez M. Rational Function-Based Approach for Integrating Tableting Reduced-Order Models with Upstream Unit Operations: Dry Granulation Case Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1158. [PMID: 39338321 PMCID: PMC11434797 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a systematic and automatic approach for integrating tableting reduced-order models with upstream unit operations. The approach not only identifies the upstream critical material attributes and process parameters that describe the coupling to the first order and, possibly, the second order, but it also selects the mathematical form of such coupling and estimates its parameters. Specifically, we propose that the coupling can be generally described by normalized bivariate rational functions. We demonstrate this approach for dry granulation, a unit operation commonly used to enhance the flowability of pharmaceutical powders by increasing granule size distribution, which, inevitably, negatively impacts tabletability by reducing the particle porosity and imparting plastic work. Granules of different densities and size distributions are made with a 10% w/w acetaminophen and 90% w/w microcrystalline cellulose formulation, and tablets with a wide range of relative densities are fabricated. This approach is based on product and process understanding, and, in turn, it is not only essential to enabling the end-to-end integration, control, and optimization of dry granulation and tableting processes, but it also offers insight into the granule properties that have a dominant effect on each of the four stages of powder compaction, namely die filling, compaction, unloading, and ejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunidhi Bachawala
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Rexonni B Lagare
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Abigail B Delaney
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zoltan K Nagy
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gintaras V Reklaitis
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Marcial Gonzalez
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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2
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Lyytikäinen J, Kyllönen S, Ervasti T, Komulainen E, Pekarek T, Slunečková J, Leskinen J, Ketolainen J, Kubelka T, Stasiak P, Korhonen O. Challenges encountered in the transfer of atorvastatin tablet manufacturing - commercial batch-based production as a basis for small-scale continuous tablet manufacturing tests. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123509. [PMID: 37832703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
As is the case with batch-based tableting processes, continuous tablet manufacturing can be conducted by direct compression or with a granulation step such as dry or wet granulation included in the production procedure. In this work, continuous manufacturing tests were performed with a commercial tablet formulation, while maintaining its original material composition. Challenges were encountered with the feeding performance of the API during initial tests which required designing different powder pre-blend compositions. After the pre-blend optimization phase, granules were prepared with a roller compactor. Tableting was conducted with the granules and an additional brief continuous direct compression run was completed with some ungranulated mixture. The tablets were assessed with off-line tests, applying the quality requirements demanded for the batch-manufactured product. Chemical maps were obtained by Raman mapping and elemental maps by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Large variations in both tablet weights and breaking forces were observed in all tested samples, resulting in significant quality complications. It was suspected that the API tended to adhere to the process equipment, accounting for the low API content in the powder mixture and tablets. These results suggest that this API or the tablet composition was unsuitable for manufacturing in a continuous line; further testing could be continued with different materials and changes in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Lyytikäinen
- School of Pharmacy, PromisLab, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Saini Kyllönen
- School of Pharmacy, PromisLab, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tuomas Ervasti
- School of Pharmacy, PromisLab, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Eelis Komulainen
- School of Pharmacy, PromisLab, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | - Jari Leskinen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jarkko Ketolainen
- School of Pharmacy, PromisLab, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | - Ossi Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, PromisLab, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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3
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Velez-Silva NL, Drennen JK, Anderson CA. Influence of powder stream density on near infrared measurements upon scale-up of a simulated continuous process. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123354. [PMID: 37647977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a powerful process analytical tool for monitoring chemical constituents in continuous pharmaceutical processes. However, the density variation introduced when quantitative NIR measurements are performed on powder streams at different flow rates is a potential source of a lack of model robustness. Since different flow rates are often required to meet the production requirements (e.g., during scale-up) of a continuous process, the development of efficient strategies to characterize, understand, and mitigate the impact of powder density on NIR measurements is highly desirable. This study focused on assessing the effect of powder physical variation on NIR by enabling the in-line characterization of powder stream density in a simulated continuous system. The in-line measurements of powder stream density were facilitated through a unique analytical interface to a flowing process. Powder streams delivered at various design levels of flow rate and tube angle were monitored simultaneously by NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, live imaging, and dynamic mass characterization. Statistical analysis and multivariate modeling confirmed powder density as a significant source of spectral variability due to flow rate. Besides providing broader process understanding, results elucidated potential mitigation strategies to facilitate effective continuous process scale-up while ensuring NIR model robustness against density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Velez-Silva
- Duquesne University Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States; Duquesne Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - James K Drennen
- Duquesne University Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States; Duquesne Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Duquesne University Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States; Duquesne Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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4
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Wei K, Bin J, Wang F, Kang C. On-Line Monitoring of the Tobacco Leaf Composition during Flue-Curing by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Deep Transfer Learning. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2046021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kesu Wei
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Academician Workstation of Microbiology and Health, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Bin
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Academician Workstation of Microbiology and Health, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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5
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Velez NL, Drennen JK, Anderson CA. Challenges, opportunities and recent advances in near infrared spectroscopy applications for monitoring blend uniformity in the continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2022; 615:121462. [PMID: 35026317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been widely recognized as a powerful PAT tool for monitoring blend uniformity in continuous manufacturing (CM) processes. However, the dynamic nature of the powder stream and the fast rate at which it moves, compared to batch processes, introduces challenges to NIR quantitative methods for monitoring blend uniformity. For instance, defining the effective sample size interrogated by NIR, selecting the best sampling location for blend monitoring, and ensuring NIR model robustness against influential sources of variability are challenges commonly reported for NIR applications in CM. This article reviews the NIR applications for powder blend monitoring in the continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms, with a particular focus on the challenges, opportunities for method optimization and recent advances with respect three main aspects: effective sample size measured by NIR, probe location and method robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Velez
- Duquesne University Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States; Duquesne Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
| | - James K Drennen
- Duquesne University Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States; Duquesne Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Duquesne University Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States; Duquesne Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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6
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Wright CJ, Wilkinson PJ, Gaulter SE, Fossey D, Burn AO, Gill PP. Is ResonantAcoustic Mixing® (RAM) a Game Changer for Manufacturing Solid Composite Rocket Propellants? PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J. Wilkinson
- Centre for Defence Chemistry Cranfield University Defence Academy of the United Kingdom Shrivenham SN6 8LA UK
| | - Sally E. Gaulter
- Centre for Defence Chemistry Cranfield University Defence Academy of the United Kingdom Shrivenham SN6 8LA UK
| | - Donald Fossey
- The Falcon Project Ltd Westcott, Aylesbury HP18 0XB UK
| | | | - Philip P. Gill
- ROXEL (UK Rocket Motors) Ltd Summerfield Ln Kidderminster DY11 7RZ UK
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7
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Sacher S, Poms J, Rehrl J, Khinast JG. PAT implementation for advanced process control in solid dosage manufacturing - A practical guide. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121408. [PMID: 34952147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing requires advanced control strategies rather than traditional end product testing or an operation within a small range of controlled parameters. A high level of automation based on process models and hierarchical control concepts is desired. The relevant tools that have been developed and successfully tested in academic and industrial environments in recent years are now ready for utilization on the commercial scale. To date, the focus in Process Analytical Technology (PAT) has mainly been on achieving process understanding and quality control with the ultimate goal of real-time release testing (RTRT). This work describes the workflow for the development of an in-line monitoring strategy to support PAT-based real-time control actions and its integration into solid dosage manufacturing. All stages are discussed in this paper, from process analysis and definition of the monitoring task to technology assessment and selection, its process integration and the development of data acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sacher
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Johannes Poms
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jakob Rehrl
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes G Khinast
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13/2, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
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8
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Arai H, Nagato T, Koide T, Yonemochi E, Yamamoto H, Sugiyama H. Tablet Quality-Prediction Model Using Quality Material Attributes: Toward Flexible Switching Between Batch and Continuous Granulation. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Fathollahi S, Kruisz J, Sacher S, Rehrl J, Escotet-Espinoza MS, DiNunzio J, Glasser BJ, Khinast JG. Development of a Controlled Continuous Low-Dose Feeding Process. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:247. [PMID: 34642863 PMCID: PMC8510936 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a feed rate control strategy for a novel volumetric micro-feeder, which can accomplish low-dose feeding of pharmaceutical raw materials with significantly different powder properties. The developed feed-forward control strategy enables a constant feed rate with a minimum deviation from the set-point, even for materials that are typically difficult to accurately feed (e.g., due to high cohesion or low density) using conventional continuous feeders. Density variations observed during the feeding process were characterized via a displacement feed factor profile for each powder. The characterized effective displacement density profile was applied in the micro-feeder system to proactively control the feed rate by manipulating the powder displacement rate (i.e., computing the feed rate from the powder displacement rate). Based on the displacement feed factor profile, the feed rate can be predicted during the feeding process and at any feed rate set-point. Three pharmaceutically relevant materials were used for the micro-feeder evaluation: di-calcium phosphate (large-particle system, high density), croscarmellose sodium (small-particle system, medium density), and barium sulfate (very small-particle <10 μm, high density). A significant improvement in the feeding performance was achieved for all investigated materials. The feed rate deviation from the set-point and its relative standard deviation were minimal compared to operations without the control strategy.
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10
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Prediction of dairy powder functionality attributes using diffuse reflectance in the visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) region. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Nandi U, Trivedi V, Ross SA, Douroumis D. Advances in Twin-Screw Granulation Processing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050624. [PMID: 33925577 PMCID: PMC8146340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin-screw granulation (TSG) is a pharmaceutical process that has gained increased interest from the pharmaceutical industry for its potential for the development of oral dosage forms. The technology has evolved rapidly due to the flexibility of the equipment design, the selection of the process variables and the wide range of processed materials. Most importantly, TSG offers the benefits of both batch and continuous manufacturing for pharmaceutical products, accompanied by excellent process control, high product quality which can be achieved through the implementation of Quality by Design (QbD) approaches and the integration of Process Analytical Tools (PAT). Here, we present basic concepts of the various twin-screw granulation techniques and present in detail their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we discuss the detail of the instrumentation used for TSG and how the critical processing paraments (CPP) affect the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the produced granules. Finally, we present recent advances in TSG continuous manufacturing including the paradigms of modelling of continuous granulation process, QbD approaches coupled with PAT monitoring for granule optimization and process understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttom Nandi
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
- CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Vivek Trivedi
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Medway Campus, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Steven A. Ross
- CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
- Cubi-Tech Extrusion: 3, Sextant Park, Neptune Cl, Rochester ME2 4LU, UK
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
- CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-2083318440
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12
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Galata DL, Mészáros LA, Ficzere M, Vass P, Nagy B, Szabó E, Domokos A, Farkas A, Csontos I, Marosi G, Nagy ZK. Continuous blending monitored and feedback controlled by machine vision-based PAT tool. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 196:113902. [PMID: 33486449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In a continuous powder blending process machine vision is utilized as a Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tool. While near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy are reliable methods in this field, measurements become challenging when concentrations below 2 w/w% are quantified. However, an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with an intense color might be quantified in even lower quantities by images recorded with a digital camera. Riboflavin (RI) was used as a model API with orange color, its Limit of Detection was found to be 0.015 w/w% and the Limit of Quantification was 0.046 w/w% using a calibration based on the pixel value of images. A calibration for in-line measurement of RI concentration was prepared in the range of 0.2-0.45 w/w%, validation with UV/VIS spectrometry showed great accuracy with a relative error of 2.53 %. The developed method was then utilized for a residence time distribution (RTD) measurement in order to characterize the dynamics of the blending process. Lastly, the technique was applied in real-time feedback control of a continuous powder blending process. Machine vision based direct or indirect API concentration determination is a promising and fast method with a great potential for monitoring and control of continuous pharmaceutical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorián László Galata
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Lilla Alexandra Mészáros
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Máté Ficzere
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Panna Vass
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Edina Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - András Domokos
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - István Csontos
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - György Marosi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Kristóf Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary.
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13
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Shi G, Lin L, Liu Y, Chen G, Luo Y, Wu Y, Li H. Pharmaceutical application of multivariate modelling techniques: a review on the manufacturing of tablets. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8323-8345. [PMID: 35423324 PMCID: PMC8695199 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08030f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tablet manufacturing process is a complex system, especially in continuous manufacturing (CM). It includes multiple unit operations, such as mixing, granulation, and tableting. In tablet manufacturing, critical quality attributes are influenced by multiple factorial relationships between material properties, process variables, and interactions. Moreover, the variation in raw material attributes and manufacturing processes is an inherent characteristic and seriously affects the quality of pharmaceutical products. To deepen our understanding of the tablet manufacturing process, multivariable modeling techniques can replace univariate analysis to investigate tablet manufacturing. In this review, the roles of the most prominent multivariate modeling techniques in the tablet manufacturing process are discussed. The review mainly focuses on applying multivariate modeling techniques to process understanding, optimization, process monitoring, and process control within multiple unit operations. To minimize the errors in the process of modeling, good modeling practice (GMoP) was introduced into the pharmaceutical process. Furthermore, current progress in the continuous manufacturing of tablets and the role of multivariate modeling techniques in continuous manufacturing are introduced. In this review, information is provided to both researchers and manufacturers to improve tablet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Longfei Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Gongsen Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yanqiu Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
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14
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Review of sensing technologies for measuring powder density variations during pharmaceutical solid dosage form manufacturing. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Pino-Torres C, Maspoch S, Castillo-Felices R, Pérez-Rivera M, Aranda-Bustos M, Peña-Farfal C. Evaluation of NIR and Raman spectroscopies for the quality analytical control of a solid pharmaceutical formulation with three active ingredients. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Vanhoorne V, Vervaet C. Recent progress in continuous manufacturing of oral solid dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119194. [PMID: 32135231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Continuous drug product manufacturing is slowly being implemented in the pharmaceutical industry. Although the benefits related to the quality and cost of continuous manufacturing are widely recognized, several challenges hampered the widespread introduction of continuous manufacturing of drug products. Current review presents an overview of state-of-the art research, equipment, process analytical technology implementations and advanced control strategies. Additionally, guidelines and regulatory viewpoints on implementation of continuous manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University
| | - C Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University.
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17
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Hu C, Testa CJ, Wu W, Shvedova K, Shen DE, Sayin R, Halkude BS, Casati F, Hermant P, Ramnath A, Born SC, Takizawa B, O'Connor TF, Yang X, Ramanujam S, Mascia S. An automated modular assembly line for drugs in a miniaturized plant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1026-1029. [PMID: 31854390 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06945c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report here a fully automated, end-to-end, integrated continuous manufacturing process for a small-molecule generic medication with built-in quality assurance. The entire process fits into a box of 30.7 m2 modular footprint and a total residence time of less than 30 h, with a throughput up to 40.3 × 106 tablets per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntian Hu
- CONTINUUS Pharmaceuticals, 25R Olympia Ave, Woburn, MA 01801, USA.
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18
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Partial Least Squares Regression-Based Robust Forward Control of the Tableting Process. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12010085. [PMID: 31968698 PMCID: PMC7022652 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we established a robust feed-forward control model for the tableting process by partial least squares regression using the near-infrared (NIR) spectra and physical attributes of the granules to be compressed. The NIR spectra of granules are rich in information about chemical attributes, such as the compositions of any ingredients and moisture content. Polymorphism and pseudo-polymorphism can also be quantitatively evaluated by NIR spectra. We used the particle size distribution, flowability, and loose and tapped density as the physical attributes of the granules. The tableting process was controlled by the lower punch fill depth and the minimum distance between the upper and lower punches at compression, which were specifically related to the tablet weight and thickness, respectively. The feed-forward control of the process would be expected to provide some advantages for automated and semi-automated continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing. As a result, our model, using a combination of NIR spectra and the physical attributes of granules to control the distance between punches, resulted in respectable agreement between the predicted process parameters and actual settings to produce tablets of the desired thickness.
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19
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Szabó E, Démuth B, Galata DL, Vass P, Hirsch E, Csontos I, Marosi G, Nagy ZK. Continuous Formulation Approaches of Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Significance of Powder Flow Properties and Feeding Performance. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E654. [PMID: 31817454 PMCID: PMC6955740 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation and formulation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are becoming more and more popular in the pharmaceutical field because the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs can be effectively improved this way, which can lead to increased bioavailability in many cases. During downstream processing of ASDs, technologists need to keep in mind both traditional challenges and the newest trends. In the last decade, the pharmaceutical industry began to display considerable interest in continuous processing, which can be explained with their potential advantages such as smaller footprint, easier scale-up, and more consistent product, better quality and quality assurance. Continuous downstream processing of drug-loaded ASDs opens new ways for automatic operation. Therefore, the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs may be more effective and safe. However, developments can be challenging due to the poor flowability and feeding properties of ASDs. Consequently, this review pays special attention to these characteristics since the feeding of the components greatly influences the content uniformity in the final dosage form. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize the most important steps of the possible ASD-based continuous downstream processes in order to give a clear overview of current course lines and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zsombor K. Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), Műegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.); (B.D.); (D.L.G.); (P.V.); (E.H.); (I.C.); (G.M.)
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20
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Razuc M, Grafia A, Gallo L, Ramírez-Rigo MV, Romañach RJ. Near-infrared spectroscopic applications in pharmaceutical particle technology. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1565-1589. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1641510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Razuc
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - A. Grafia
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - L. Gallo
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - M. V. Ramírez-Rigo
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - R. J. Romañach
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Structured Organic Particulate Systems, University of Puerto Rico – Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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21
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Korasa K, Vrečer F. A study on the applicability of multiple process analysers in the production of coated pellets. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:261-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Development of near infrared spectroscopic calibration models for in-line determination of low drug concentration, bulk density, and relative specific void volume within a feed frame. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:211-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Stranzinger S, Faulhammer E, Li J, Dong R, Khinast JG, Zeitler JA, Markl D. Measuring bulk density variations in a moving powder bed via terahertz in-line sensing. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Stranzinger S, Faulhammer E, Li J, Dong R, Zeitler JA, Biserni S, Calzolari V, Khinast JG, Markl D. Predicting capsule fill weight from in-situ powder density measurements using terahertz reflection technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2019; 1:100004. [PMID: 31517269 PMCID: PMC6733302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2018.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The manufacturing of the majority of solid oral dosage forms is based on the densification of powder. A good understanding of the powder behavior is therefore essential to assure high quality drug products. This is particularly relevant for the capsule filling process, where the powder bulk density plays an important role in controlling the fill weight and weight variability of the final product. In this study we present a novel approach to quantitatively measure bulk density variations in a rotating container by means of terahertz reflection technology. The terahertz reflection probe was used to measure the powder density using an experimental setup that mimics a lab-scale capsule filling machine including a static sampling tool. Three different grades of α-lactose monohydrate excipients specially designed for inhalation application were systematically investigated at five compression stages. Relative densities predicted from terahertz reflection measurements were correlated to off-line weight measurements of the collected filled capsules. The predictions and the measured weights of the powder in the capsules were in excellent agreement, where the relative density measurements of Lactohale 200 showed the strongest correlation with the respective fill weight (R2=0.995). We also studied how the density uniformity of the powder bed was impacted by the dosing process and the subsequent filling of the holes (with excipient powder), which were introduced in the powder bed after the dosing step. Even though the holes seemed to be filled with new powder (by visual inspection), the relative density in these specific segments were found to clearly differ from the undisturbed powder bed state prior to dosing. The results demonstrate that it is feasible to analyze powder density variations in a rotating container by means of terahertz reflection measurements and to predict the fill weight of collected capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Stranzinger
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Graz University of Technology, Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Faulhammer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
| | - Runqiao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefano Biserni
- MG2, Via del Savena, 18. I-40065 Pian di Macina di Pianoro, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calzolari
- MG2, Via del Savena, 18. I-40065 Pian di Macina di Pianoro, Bologna, Italy
| | - Johannes G Khinast
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Graz University of Technology, Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Markl
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, UK.,EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, UK
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25
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Pereira GC, Muddu SV, Román-Ospino AD, Clancy D, Igne B, Airiau C, Muzzio FJ, Ierapetritou M, Ramachandran R, Singh R. Combined Feedforward/Feedback Control of an Integrated Continuous Granulation Process. J Pharm Innov 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-018-9347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Chattoraj S, Daugherity P, McDermott T, Olsofsky A, Roth WJ, Tobyn M. Sticking and Picking in Pharmaceutical Tablet Compression: An IQ Consortium Review. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2267-2282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Ko SJ, Lee JH, Kang CY, Park JB. Granulation development in batch-to-batch and continuous processes from a quality by design perspective. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Matsunami K, Miyano T, Arai H, Nakagawa H, Hirao M, Sugiyama H. Decision Support Method for the Choice between Batch and Continuous Technologies in Solid Drug Product Manufacturing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Matsunami
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyano
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1, Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Arai
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1, Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1, Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hirao
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sugiyama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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29
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Nicolaï N, De Leersnyder F, Copot D, Stock M, Ionescu CM, Gernaey KV, Nopens I, De Beer T. Liquid‐to‐solid ratio control as an advanced process control solution for continuous twin‐screw wet granulation. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Nicolaï
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT)Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460Ghent 9000 Belgium
- Dept. of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, BIOMATH, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University, Coupure Links 653Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Fien De Leersnyder
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT)Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Dana Copot
- Dept. of Electrical Energy, Metals, Mechanical Constructions and Systems, Research Group on Dynamical Systems and ControlGhent University, Technologiepark 914Zwijnaarde 9052 Belgium
| | - Michiel Stock
- Dept. of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, KERMIT, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University, Coupure Links 653Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Clara M. Ionescu
- Dept. of Electrical Energy, Metals, Mechanical Constructions and Systems, Research Group on Dynamical Systems and ControlGhent University, Technologiepark 914Zwijnaarde 9052 Belgium
| | - Krist V. Gernaey
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, CAPEC‐PROCESS Research CenterTechnical University of Denmark, Building 229Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Ingmar Nopens
- Dept. of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, BIOMATH, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University, Coupure Links 653Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT)Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460Ghent 9000 Belgium
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30
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Process analytical technology in continuous manufacturing of a commercial pharmaceutical product. Int J Pharm 2018; 538:167-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Calvo NL, Maggio RM, Kaufman TS. Characterization of pharmaceutically relevant materials at the solid state employing chemometrics methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:538-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Industrial Scale Experiments towards the Development of Process Evaluation Models for Continuous Pharmaceutical Tablet Manufacturing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64235-6.50288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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33
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Singh R. Implementation of control system into continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing pilot plant (powder to tablet). COMPUTER AIDED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63963-9.00018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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34
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A Validated Model for Design and Evaluation of Control Architectures for a Continuous Tablet Compaction Process. Processes (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/pr5040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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35
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García-Muñoz S, Butterbaugh A, Leavesley I, Manley LF, Slade D, Bermingham S. A flowsheet model for the development of a continuous process for pharmaceutical tablets: An industrial perspective. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Slade
- Process Systems Enterprise Ltd; 26-28 Hammersmith Grove, London W6 7HA U.K
| | - Sean Bermingham
- Process Systems Enterprise Ltd; 26-28 Hammersmith Grove, London W6 7HA U.K
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36
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Li Z, Zhao L, Lin X, Shen L, Feng Y. Direct compaction: An update of materials, trouble-shooting, and application. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:543-556. [PMID: 28720538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Direct compaction (DC) is the preferred choice for tablet manufacturing; however, only less than 20% of active pharmaceutical ingredients could be compacted via DC as its high requirement for functional properties of materials. Materials with improper functionalities could lead to serious troubles during DC manufacturing, such as content non-uniformity, sticking, and capping, all of which profoundly affect the properties of final products and, thus, severely restrict the practical application of DC. With undoubted importance, these seem to be unexpectedly ignored by reviewers but not researchers in terms of many original research articles published recently. Therefore, as an informative supplement and update, this review mainly focused on trouble-shooting and application situation of DC, together with several newly reported materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - LiJie Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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37
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Blackshields CA, Crean AM. Continuous powder feeding for pharmaceutical solid dosage form manufacture: a short review. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:554-560. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1339197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A. Blackshields
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Abina M. Crean
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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38
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Alam MA, Shi Z, Drennen JK, Anderson CA. In-line monitoring and optimization of powder flow in a simulated continuous process using transmission near infrared spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:199-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Kim DW, Park JB, Lee SH, Weon KY. Development of a Process Analytical Technology(PAT) method using near-infrared spectroscopy system for evaluating an active coating process for a low-dose drug. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Hattori Y, Otsuka M. Modeling of feed-forward control using the partial least squares regression method in the tablet compression process. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:407-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Haas NT, Ierapetritou M, Singh R. Advanced Model Predictive Feedforward/Feedback Control of a Tablet Press. J Pharm Innov 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-017-9276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Sensitivity analysis of a pharmaceutical tablet production process from the control engineering perspective. Int J Pharm 2017; 517:373-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Colón YM, Vargas J, Sánchez E, Navarro G, Romañach RJ. Assessment of Robustness for a Near-Infrared Concentration Model for Real-Time Release Testing in a Continuous Manufacturing Process. J Pharm Innov 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-016-9265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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44
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Wan B, Zordan CA, Lu X, McGeorge G. In-line ATR-UV and Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring API Dissolution Process During Liquid-Filled Soft-Gelatin Capsule Manufacturing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:1173-81. [PMID: 26604007 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is critical in the manufacturing of liquid-filled soft-gelatin capsules (SGC). Attenuated total reflectance UV spectroscopy (ATR-UV) and Raman spectroscopy have been investigated for in-line monitoring of API dissolution during manufacturing of an SGC product. Calibration models have been developed with both techniques for in-line determination of API potency. Performance of both techniques was evaluated and compared. The ATR-UV methodology was found to be able to monitor the dissolution process and determine the endpoint, but was sensitive to temperature variations. The Raman technique was also capable of effectively monitoring the process and was more robust to the temperature variation and process perturbations by using an excipient peak for internal correction. Different data preprocessing methodologies were explored in an attempt to improve method performance.
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45
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Near infrared spectroscopic calibration models for real time monitoring of powder density. Int J Pharm 2016; 512:61-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Zhang L, Mao S. Application of quality by design in the current drug development. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016; 12:1-8. [PMID: 32104308 PMCID: PMC7032183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes, FDA generalized Quality by Design (QbD) in the field of pharmacy, which is based on the thorough understanding of how materials and process parameters affect the quality profile of final products. The application of QbD in drug formulation and process design is based on a good understanding of the sources of variability and the manufacture process. In this paper, the basic knowledge of QbD, the elements of QbD, steps and tools for QbD implementation in pharmaceutics field, including risk assessment, design of experiment, and process analytical technology (PAT), are introduced briefly. Moreover, the concrete applications of QbD in various pharmaceutical related unit operations are summarized and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shirui Mao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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47
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Rehrl J, Kruisz J, Sacher S, Khinast J, Horn M. Optimized continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing via model-predictive control. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:100-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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