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Tai W, Yau GTY, Arnold JC, Chan HK, Kwok PCL. High-loading cannabidiol powders for inhalation. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124370. [PMID: 38906498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Limited attempts have been made previously to develop high-loading CBD inhalable powders, which are essential for high dose delivery. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and characterise inhalable powders with ≥ 95 % w/w CBD by wet ball milling. The effects of magnesium stearate (2 % and 5 %) and inhaler resistance (low-resistance and high-resistance RS01 inhalers) on aerosol performance were also compared. Wet ball milling produced CBD powders with > 50 % production yield. The milled particles showed irregular shapes. The powders were crystalline with minimal amorphous content, low residual solvent level (<1%), and low moisture sorption (<4%). Magnesium stearate improved both the emitted and fine particle fractions. The aerodynamic particle size distribution of the formulations differed between the low-resistance and high-resistance RS01 inhalers. The latter decreased throat deposition but increased inhaler retention. The dissolution profiles showed that all three formulations released CBD steadily and plateaued at 30 min. The best scenario was CBD with 5 % magnesium stearate dispersed from the high resistance RS01 inhaler, showing the highest FPF with the lowest throat deposition. This combination may be tested in vivo in the future to investigate its pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waiting Tai
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Grace Tsz Yan Yau
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathon Carl Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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2
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Tai W, Arnold JC, Chan HK, Kwok PCL. Spray freeze dried cannabidiol with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) for inhalation and solubility enhancement. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124235. [PMID: 38762165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery is an efficient route of administration to deliver cannabidiol (CBD) due to the high bioavailability and fast onset of action. The major formulation challenge is the poor aqueous solubility of CBD. This study aimed to produce inhalable CBD powders with enhanced solubility and characterise their solid-state properties. CBD was spray freeze dried with mannitol or trehalose dihydrate with and without dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). All four powders had acceptable yields at > 70 % with porous and spherical particles. The two crystalline mannitol powders contained less residual solvent than both amorphous trehalose ones. The addition of DPPC did not affect the crystallinity and residual solvent level of the powders. Instead, DPPC made the particles more porous, decreased the particle size from 19-23 µm to 11-13 µm, and increased CBD solubility from 0.36 µg/mL to over 2 µg/mL. The two DPPC powders were dispersed from a low resistance RS01 inhaler, showing acceptable aerosol performance with emitted fractions at 91-93 % and fine particle fractions < 5 µm at 34-43 %. These formulations can be used as a platform to deliver CBD and other cannabinoids by inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waiting Tai
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathon Carl Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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3
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Zheng M, Zhu W, Gao F, Zhuo Y, Zheng M, Wu G, Feng C. Novel inhalation therapy in pulmonary fibrosis: principles, applications and prospects. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:136. [PMID: 38553716 PMCID: PMC10981316 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) threatens millions of people worldwide with its irreversible progression. Although the underlying pathogenesis of PF is not fully understood, there is evidence to suggest that the disease can be blocked at various stages. Inhalation therapy has been applied for lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its application for treating PF is currently under consideration. New techniques in inhalation therapy, such as the application of microparticles and nanoparticles, traditional Chinese medicine monomers, gene therapy, inhibitors, or agonists of signaling pathways, extracellular vesicle interventions, and other specific drugs, are effective in treating PF. However, the safety and effectiveness of these therapeutic techniques are influenced by the properties of inhaled particles, biological and pathological barriers, and the type of inhalation device used. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological, pharmaceutical, technical, preclinical, and clinical experimental aspects of novel inhalation therapy for treating PF and focus on therapeutic methods that significantly improve existing technologies or expand the range of drugs that can be administered via inhalation. Although inhalation therapy for PF has some limitations, the advantages are significant, and further research and innovation about new inhalation techniques and drugs are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu Zhuo
- Department of Medical Oncology Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Mo Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Guanghao Wu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Cuiling Feng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China.
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100032, China.
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4
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Cai X, Dong J, Milton-McGurk L, Lee A, Shen Z, Chan HK, Kourmatzis A, Cheng S. Understanding the effects of inhaler resistance on particle deposition behaviour - A computational modelling study. Comput Biol Med 2023; 167:107673. [PMID: 37956626 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Understanding the impact of inhaler resistance on particle transport and deposition in the human upper airway is essential for optimizing inhaler designs, thereby contributing to the enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled drug delivery. This study demonstrates the potential effects of inhaler resistance on particle deposition characteristics in an anatomically realistic human oropharynx and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) throat using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). METHOD Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on a healthy volunteer biting on a small mockup inhaler mouthpiece. Three-dimensional geometry of the oropharynx and mouthpiece were reconstructed from the MR images. CFD simulations coupled with discrete phase modelling were conducted. Inhaled polydisperse particles under two different transient flow profiles with peak inspiratory flow rates (PIFR) of 30 L/min and 60 L/min were investigated. The effect of inhaler mouthpiece resistance was modelled as a porous medium by varying the initial resistance (Ri) and viscous resistance (Rv). Three resistance values, 0.02 kPa0.5minL-1, 0.035 kPa0.5minL-1 and 0.05 kPa0.5 minL-1, were simulated. The inhaler outlet velocity was set to be consistent across all models for both flow rate conditions to enable a meaningful comparison of models with different inhaler resistances. RESULT The results from this study demonstrate that investigating the effect of inhaler resistance by solely relying on the USP throat model may yield misleading results. For the geometrically realistic oropharyngeal model, both the pressure and kinetic energy profiles at the mid-sagittal plane of the airway change dramatically when connected to a higher-resistance inhaler. In addition, the geometrically realistic oropharyngeal model appears to have a resistance threshold. When this threshold is surpassed, significant changes in flow dynamics become evident, which is not observed in the USP throat model. Furthermore, this study also reveals that the impact of inhaler resistance in a geometrically realistic throat model extends beyond the oral cavity and affects particle deposition downstream of the oral cavity, including the oropharynx region. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest that key mechanisms underpinning the working principles of inhaler resistance are intricately connected to their complex interaction with the pharynx geometry, which affects the local pressure, local variation in velocity and kinetic energy profile in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Cai
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Jingliang Dong
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia; First Year College, Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia.
| | - Liam Milton-McGurk
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Ann Lee
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Agisilaos Kourmatzis
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Australia
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Wang Y, Khanal D, Alreja AB, Yang H, Yk Chang R, Tai W, Li M, Nelson DC, Britton WJ, Chan HK. Bacteriophage endolysin powders for inhaled delivery against pulmonary infections. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122679. [PMID: 36738804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endolysins are bacteriophage-encoded enzymatic proteins that have great potential to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Bacteriophage endolysins Cpl-1 and ClyJ-3 have shown promising antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, which causes pneumonia in humans. This is the first study to investigate the feasibility of spray-dried endolysins Cpl-1 and ClyJ-3 with excipients to produce inhalable powders. The two endolysins were individually tested with leucine and sugar (lactose or trehalose) for spray drying method followed by characterization of biological and physico-chemical properties. A complete loss of ClyJ-3 bioactivity was observed after atomization of the liquid feed solution(before the drying process), while Cpl-1 maintained its bioactivity in the spray-dried powders. Cpl-1 formulations containing leucine with lactose or trehalose showed promising physico-chemical properties (particle size, crystallinity, hygroscopicity, etc.) and aerosol performances (fine particle fraction values above 65%). The results indicated that endolysin Cpl-1 can be formulated as spray dried powders suitable for inhaled delivery to the lungs for the potential treatment of pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Wang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dipesh Khanal
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adit B Alreja
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rachel Yk Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Waiting Tai
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mengyu Li
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel C Nelson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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6
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Zellnitz-Neugebauer S, Lanzinger M, Schroettner H, Naderi M, Guo M, Paudel A, Gruber-Woelfler H, Neugebauer P. Temperature cycling-induced formation of crystalline coatings. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122577. [PMID: 36596318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The surface of particles is the hotspot of interaction with their environment and is therefore a major target for particle engineering. Particles with tailored coatings are greatly desired for a range of different applications. Amorphous coatings applied via film coating or microencapsulation have frequently been described in the pharmaceutical context and usually result in homogeneous surfaces. In the present study we have been exploring the feasibility of coating core particles with crystalline substances, a matter that has rarely been investigated. The expansion of the range of possible coating materials to include small organic molecules enables completely new product properties to be achieved. We present an approach based on temperature cycles performed in a tubular crystallizer to result in engineered crystalline coatings on excipient core particles. By manipulating the process settings and by the choice of coating substance we are able to tailor surface roughness, topography as well as surface chemistry. Benefits of our approach are demonstrated by using resulting particles as carriers in dry-powder-inhaler formulations. Depending on the resulting surface chemistry and surface roughness, coated carrier particles show varying fitness for delivering the model API salbutamol sulphate to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Lanzinger
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Hartmuth Schroettner
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria; Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Majid Naderi
- Surface Measurement Systems Ltd., London HA0 4PE, United Kingdom
| | - Meishan Guo
- Surface Measurement Systems Ltd., London HA0 4PE, United Kingdom
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Peter Neugebauer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria.
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7
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Munir M, Setiawan H, Awaludin R, Kett VL. Aerosolised micro and nanoparticle: formulation and delivery method for lung imaging. Clin Transl Imaging 2023; 11:33-50. [PMID: 36196096 PMCID: PMC9521863 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-022-00527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The application of contrast and tracing agents is essential for lung imaging, as indicated by the wide use in recent decades and the discovery of various new contrast and tracing agents. Different aerosol production and pulmonary administration methods have been developed to improve lung imaging quality. This review details and discusses the ideal characteristics of aerosol administered via pulmonary delivery for lung imaging and the methods for the production and pulmonary administration of dry or liquid aerosol. Methods We explored several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, while preparing this review to discover and obtain the abstracts, reports, review articles, and research papers related to aerosol delivery for lung imaging and the formulation and pulmonary delivery method of dry and liquid aerosol. The search terms used were "dry aerosol delivery", "liquid aerosol delivery", "MRI for lung imaging", "CT scan for lung imaging", "SPECT for lung imaging", "PET for lung imaging", "magnetic particle imaging", "dry powder inhalation", "nebuliser", and "pressurised metered-dose inhaler". Results Through the literature review, we found that the critical considerations in aerosol delivery for lung imaging are appropriate lung deposition of inhaled aerosol and avoiding toxicity. The important tracing agent was also found to be Technetium-99m (99mTc), Gallium-68 (68Ga) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION), while the essential contrast agents are gold, iodine, silver gadolinium, iron and manganese-based particles. The pulmonary delivery of such tracing and contrast agents can be performed using dry formulation (graphite ablation, spark ignition and spray dried powder) and liquid aerosol (nebulisation, pressurised metered-dose inhalation and air spray). Conclusion A dual-imaging modality with the combination of different tracing or contrast agents is a future development of aerosolised micro and nanoparticles for lung imaging to improve diagnosis success. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Miftakul Munir
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, 15345 Indonesia
| | - Herlan Setiawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, 15345 Indonesia
| | - Rohadi Awaludin
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, 15345 Indonesia
| | - Vicky L. Kett
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
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8
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A review of upper airway physiology relevant to the delivery and deposition of inhalation aerosols. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114530. [PMID: 36152685 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective oral inhaled drug delivery treatment strategies for respiratory diseases necessitates a thorough knowledge of the respiratory system physiology, such as the differences in the airway channel's structure and geometry in health and diseases, their surface properties, and mechanisms that maintain their patency. While respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma and their implications on the lower airways have been the core focus of most of the current research, the role of the upper airway in these diseases is less known, especially in the context of inhaled drug delivery. This is despite the fact that the upper airway is the passageway for inhaled drugs to be delivered to the lower airways, and their replicas are indispensable in current standards, such as the cascade impactor experiments for testing inhaled drug delivery technology. This review provides an overview of upper airway collapsibility and their mechanical properties, the effects of age and gender on upper airway geometry, and surface properties. The review also discusses how COPD and asthma affect the upper airway and the typical inhalation flow characteristics exhibited by the patients with these diseases.
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9
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Son YJ, Miller DP, Weers JG. Optimizing Spray-Dried Porous Particles for High Dose Delivery with a Portable Dry Powder Inhaler. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091528. [PMID: 34575603 PMCID: PMC8470347 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript critically reviews the design and delivery of spray-dried particles for the achievement of high total lung doses (TLD) with a portable dry powder inhaler. We introduce a new metric termed the product density, which is simply the TLD of a drug divided by the volume of the receptacle it is contained within. The product density is given by the product of three terms: the packing density (the mass of powder divided by the volume of the receptacle), the drug loading (the mass of drug divided by the mass of powder), and the aerosol performance (the TLD divided by the mass of drug). This manuscript discusses strategies for maximizing each of these terms. Spray drying at low drying rates with small amounts of a shell-forming excipient (low Peclet number) leads to the formation of higher density particles with high packing densities. This enables ultrahigh TLD (>100 mg of drug) to be achieved from a single receptacle. The emptying of powder from capsules is directly proportional to the mass of powder in the receptacle, requiring an inhaled volume of about 1 L for fill masses between 40 and 50 mg and up to 3.2 L for a fill mass of 150 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoen-Ju Son
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | | | - Jeffry G. Weers
- Cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, CA 94010, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-650-339-3832
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10
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Eedara BB, Alabsi W, Encinas-Basurto D, Polt R, Mansour HM. Spray-Dried Inhalable Powder Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:185. [PMID: 34143327 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Innovations in biochemical engineering and understanding of the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases resulted in the development of many therapeutic proteins and peptide drugs with high specificity and potency. Currently, protein and peptide drugs are mostly administered by injections due to their large molecular size, poor oral absorption, and labile physicochemical properties. However, parenteral administration has several limitations such as frequent dosing due to the short half-life of protein and peptide in blood, pain on administration, sterility requirement, and poor patient compliance. Among various noninvasive routes of administrations, the pulmonary route has received a great deal of attention and is a better alternative to deliver protein and peptide drugs for treating respiratory diseases and systemic diseases. Among the various aerosol dosage forms, dry powder inhaler (DPI) systems appear to be promising for inhalation delivery of proteins and peptides due to their improved stability in solid state. This review focuses on the development of DPI formulations of protein and peptide drugs using advanced spray drying. An overview of the challenges in maintaining protein stability during the drying process and stabilizing excipients used in spray drying of proteins and peptide drugs is discussed. Finally, a summary of spray-dried DPI formulations of protein and peptide drugs, their characterization, various DPI devices used to deliver protein and peptide drugs, and current clinical status are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanth Babu Eedara
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Wafaa Alabsi
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0207, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David Encinas-Basurto
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Heidi M Mansour
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0207, USA. .,The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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11
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Yaqoubi S, Chan HK, Nokhodchi A, Dastmalchi S, Alizadeh AA, Barzegar-Jalali M, Adibkia K, Hamishehkar H. A quantitative approach to predicting lung deposition profiles of pharmaceutical powder aerosols. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120568. [PMID: 33812969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPI) are widely used systems for pulmonary delivery of therapeutics. The inhalation performance of DPIs is influenced by formulation features, inhaler device and inhalation pattern. The current review presents the affecting factors with great focus on powder characteristics which include particle size, shape, surface, density, hygroscopicity and crystallinity. The properties of a formulation are greatly influenced by a number of physicochemical factors of drug and added excipients. Since available particle engineering techniques result in particles with a set of modifications, it is difficult to distinguish the effect of an individual feature on powder deposition behavior. This necessitates developing a predictive model capable of describing all influential factors on dry powder inhaler delivery. Therefore, in the current study, a model was constructed to correlate the inhaler device properties, inhalation flow rate, particle characteristics and drug/excipient physicochemical properties with the resultant fine particle fraction. The r2 value of established correlation was 0.74 indicating 86% variability in FPF values is explained by the model with the mean absolute errors of 0.22 for the predicted values. The authors believe that this model is capable of predicting the lung deposition pattern of a formulation with an acceptable precision when the type of inhaler device, inhalation flow rate, physicochemical behavior of active and inactive ingredients and the particle characteristics of DPI formulations are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Yaqoubi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Newman SP, Chan HK. In vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVCs) of deposition for drugs given by oral inhalation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:135-147. [PMID: 32593641 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conventional in vitro tests to assess the aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD) from inhaler devices use simple right-angle inlets ("mouth-throats", MTs) to cascade impactors, and air is drawn through the system at a fixed flow for a fixed time. Since this arrangement differs substantially from both human oropharyngeal airway anatomy and the patterns of air flow when patients use inhalers, the ability of in vitro tests to predict in vivo deposition of pharmaceutical aerosols has been limited. MTs that mimic the human anatomy, coupled with simulated breathing patterns, have yielded estimates of lung dose from in vitro data that closely match those from in vivo gamma scintigraphic or pharmacokinetic studies. However, different models of MTs do not always yield identical data, and selection of an anatomical MT and representative inhalation profiles remains challenging. Improved in vitro - in vivo correlations (IVIVCs) for inhaled drug products could permit increased reliance on in vitro data when developing new inhaled drug products, and could ultimately result in accelerated drug product development, together with reduced research and development spending.
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Sahakijpijarn S, Moon C, Ma X, Su Y, Koleng JJ, Dolocan A, Williams RO. Using thin film freezing to minimize excipients in inhalable tacrolimus dry powder formulations. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119490. [PMID: 32603840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of preparing high-potency tacrolimus dry powder for inhalation using thin film freezing (TFF). We found that using ultra-rapid freezing can increase drug loading up to 95% while maintaining good aerosol performance. Drug loading affected the specific surface area and moisture sorption of TFF formulations, but it did not affect the chemical stability, physical stability, and dissolution of tacrolimus. Tacrolimus remained amorphous after storage at 40 °C/75% RH, and 25 °C/60% RH for up to 6 months. Lactose functioned as a bulking agent, and it had little to no effect as a stabilizer for amorphous tacrolimus due to a lack of interaction between the drug and excipient. Additionally, the aerosol performance of TFF tacrolimus/lactose (95/5) did not significantly change after six months of storage at 25 °C/60% RH. For processing parameters, the solids content and the processing temperature did not affect the aerosol performance of tacrolimus. Furthermore, both low- and high-resistance RS01 showed optimal and consistent aerosol performance over the 1-4 kPa pressure drop range. In conclusion, TFF is a suitable technology for producing inhalable powder that contain high drug loading and have less flow rate dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawittree Sahakijpijarn
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chaeho Moon
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA; TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - Andrei Dolocan
- The University of Texas at Austin, Texas Materials Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA.
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In Vitro Effect of Flow Velocity on Aerodynamic Parameters of a Cromospir Metered Dose Inhaler. Pharm Chem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-019-02022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Mehta P, Bothiraja C, Kadam S, Pawar A. Effect of USP Induction Ports, Glass Sampling Apparatus, and Inhaler Device Resistance on Aerodynamic Patterns of Fluticasone Propionate-Loaded Engineered Mannitol Microparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:197. [PMID: 31123855 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation is to study the effect of two different induction ports (IP), i.e., USP IP and USP-modified IP equipped with andersen cascade impactor on in vitro aerodynamic performance along with the impact of USP-modified glass sampling apparatus on delivered dose uniformity of fluticasone propionate (FP) dry powder inhaler (DPI). FP DPI was fabricated by spray drying technique using engineered mannitol microparticles (EMP) with different force controlling agents, i.e., leucine and magnesium stearate. Additionally, commercially available two DPI inhaler devices namely Handihaler® and Breezhaler® were used to aerosolize the FP blends. Spherical smooth surface of EMP showed good powder flow properties and acceptable percentage content uniformity (> 95%). Amounts of FP deposited in cascade assembly using USP-modified IP with the Breezhaler® device was significantly higher (1.32-fold) as compared with the Handihaler® device. Moreover, USP-modified IP showed better deposition as compared with USP IP. Additionally, both inhaler devices showed a satisfactory delivered dose (> 105%) for FP using modified glass sampling apparatus at a flow rate of 60 L/min for 2 s. It was interesting to note that not only formulation properties but also IP geometry and device resistance have significant impact on DPI deposition pattern. This study is a first detailed account of aerodynamic performance of FP using USP-modified IP and USP-modified glass sampling apparatus. Thus, it can be of potential importance for both the academic and industry perspective.
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Kwok PCL, Wallin M, Dolovich MB, Chan HK. Studies of Radioaerosol Deposition in the Respiratory Tract. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 49:62-70. [PMID: 30545519 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of aerosols in the respiratory tract can be quantitatively and qualitatively studied by scintigraphy. The most commonly used radionuclide for this purpose is technetium-99m. The effects of various factors on particle deposition have been investigated by using radiolabeled aerosols in the past decade. Most of these studies were in vivo but some were in vitro or ex vivo. The factors examined include particle size, formulation, inhaler design, inhalation flowrate, body posture, and gravity. They have been shown to influence pulmonary deposition, nasal high flow nebulization, and intranasal delivery. A thorough understanding of the various factors is required for the advancement of respiratory-drug delivery. Scintigraphy is a powerful technique that can assist in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Wallin
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myrna B Dolovich
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Mehta P, Bothiraja C, Kadam S, Pawar A. Probing the influence of lactose fines, a USP modified induction port and modified DDU apparatus on the aerodynamic behavior of a fluticasone propionate dry powder inhaler. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01747j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand the effects of lactose fines, a USP modified induction port (IP) and USP modified glass sampling apparatus (DDU apparatus) on the aerodynamic behavior of a fluticasone propionate (FP) dry powder inhaler (DPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Mehta
- Department of Quality Assurance
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Bharati Vidyapeeth University
- Pune 411038
- India
| | - C. Bothiraja
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Bharati Vidyapeeth University
- Pune 411038
- India
| | - Shivajirao Kadam
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Bhavan
- Bharati Vidyapeeth University
- Pune 411030
- India
| | - Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Bharati Vidyapeeth University
- Pune 411038
- India
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18
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Performance indicators for carrier-based DPIs: Carrier surface properties for capsule filling and API properties for in vitro aerosolisation. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:326-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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