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Liu Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Lv J, Wang K, Tang Z. Hindering the unlimited proliferation of tumor cells synergizes with destroying tumor blood vessels for effective cancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1294-1306. [PMID: 38258411 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01858j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The rational combination of chemotherapy drugs can improve the curative effect of cancer treatment. As two early recognized tumor hallmarks, the limitless replicative potential of tumor cells is essential for the development of their malignant growth state, and sustained angiogenesis is a prerequisite to the rapid growth of tumors. Based on this, we propose a combination therapy that hinders the unlimited proliferation of tumor cells and destroys tumor blood vessels. Herein, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), a typical topoisomerase I inhibitor, was bonded to poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLG) to prepare the nanodrug SN38-NPs, which hinders the unlimited proliferation of tumor cells. A poly(L-glutamic acid)-combretastatin A4 conjugate (CA4-NPs), a representative vascular disrupting agent (VDA), was used to selectively disrupt the tumor blood vessels, cutting off the necessary nutrients and oxygen for the proliferation of tumor cells. In the 4T1 tumor model with an initial volume of about 400 mm3, the combined treatment of SN38-NPs and CA4-NPs showed an excellent cancer treatment effect with a tumor suppression rate of 94.3% and a synergistic interaction (Q = 1.25). Our study provides a new combination therapy approach for chemotherapy, with the hope of further improving the curative effect of anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yajun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jianlin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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2
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El-Readi MZ, Abdulkarim MA, Abdellatif AAH, Elzubeir ME, Refaat B, Althubiti M, Almaimani RA, Mukhtar MH, Al-Moraya IS, Eid SY. Doxorubicin-sanguinarine nanoparticles: formulation and evaluation of breast cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38180322 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2302557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic resistance fails cancer treatment. Drug-nanoparticle combinations overcome resistance. Sanguinarine-conjugated nanoparticles may boost sanguinarine's anticancer effects. METHODS Sanguinarine, HPMC-NPs, and doxorubicin were tested on Adriamycin-resistant MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells, parent-sensitive MCF-7, and MCR-5 normal cells (DX). RESULTS Regular distribution, 156 nm diameter, <1 μm average size, 100% intensity-SN is therapeutic. Furthermore, the obtained NPs showed PDI = 0.145, zeta-potential=-37.6, and EE%=90.5%. DX sensitized MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 1.4 μM) more than MCF-7/ADR cells (IC50 = 27 μM) with RR = 19.3. SA and SN were more toxic to MCF-7/ADR cells (overexpressed with P-gp) than their sensitive parent MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 4 μM, RR = 0.6 and 0.6 μM, RR = 0.7). MCR-5 normal lung cells were more resistant to SA (IC50 = 7.2 μM) and SN (IC50 = 1.6 μM) with a selection index > 2. Synergistic cytotoxic interactions reduced the IC50 from 27 μM to 1.6 (CI = 0.1) and 0.9 (CI = 0.4) after DX and nontoxic dosages (IC20) of SA and SN. DS and SN killed 27.1% and 39.4% more cells than DX (7.7%), SA (4.9%), SN (5.5%), or untreated control (0.3%). DS and DSN lowered CCND1 and survival in MCF-7/ADR cells while raising p21 and Casp3 gene and protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Cellular and molecular studies suggested adjuvant chemosensitizers SA and SN to reverse MDR in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Abdurhman Abdulkarim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Sulaiman Alhabab Hospital, Alqassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Elzubeir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Althubiti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Adnan Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Issa Saad Al-Moraya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Center, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa Yehia Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Nagao M, Ranneh AH, Iwao Y, Yamamoto K, Ikeda Y. Preparation of Cubosomes with Improved Colloidal and Structural Stability Using a Gemini Surfactant. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5066-5077. [PMID: 37726201 PMCID: PMC10548465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Cubosomes are nanoparticles with bicontinuous cubic internal nanostructures that have been considered for use in drug delivery systems (DDS). However, their low structural stability is a crucial concern for medical applications. Herein, we investigated the use of a gemini surfactant, sodium dilauramidoglutamide lysine (DLGL), which is composed of two monomeric surfactants linked with a spacer to improve the structural stability of cubosomes prepared with phytantriol (PHY). Uniform nanosuspensions comprising a specific mixing ratio of DLGL and PHY in water prepared via ultrasonication were confirmed by using dynamic light scattering. Small-angle X-ray scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of Pn3̅m cubosomes in a range of DLGL/PHY solid ratios between 1 and 3% w/w. By contrast, cubosome formation was not observed at DLGL/PHY solid ratios of 5% w/w or higher, suggesting that excess DLGL interfered with cubosome formation and caused them to transform into small unilamellar vesicles. The addition of phosphate-buffered saline to the nanosuspension caused aggregation when the solid ratio of DLGL/PHY was less than 5% w/w. However, Im3̅m cubosomes were obtained at solid ratios of DLGL/PHY of 6, 7.5, and 10% w/w. The lattice parameters of the Pn3̅m and Im3̅m cubosomes were approximately 7 and 11-13 nm, respectively. The lattice parameters of Im3̅m cubosomes were affected by the concentration of DLGL. Pn3̅m cubosomes were surprisingly stable for 4 weeks at both 25 and 5 °C. In conclusion, DLGL, a gemini surfactant, was found to act as a new stabilizer for PHY cubosomes at specific concentrations. Cubosomes composed of DLGL are stable under low-temperature storage conditions, such as in refrigerators, making them a viable option for heat-sensitive DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nagao
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba
University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Japan
Manufacturing, Global Vaccine Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, 4720 Takeda, Mitsui, Hikari 743-8502, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Abdul-Hackam Ranneh
- Analytical
Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwao
- Department
of Physical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichiban-cho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yamamoto
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba
University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Analytical
Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ikeda
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba
University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Analytical
Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, Japan
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4
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Palma AS, Casadei BR, Lotierzo MC, de Castro RD, Barbosa LRS. A short review on the applicability and use of cubosomes as nanocarriers. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:553-567. [PMID: 37681099 PMCID: PMC10480096 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Cubosomes are nanostructured lipid-based particles that have gained significant attention in the field of drug delivery and nanomedicine. These unique structures consist of a three-dimensional cubic lattice formed by the self-assembly of lipid molecules. The lipids used to construct cubosomes are typically nonionic surfactants, such as monoolein, which possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, allowing them to form stable, water-dispersible nanoparticles. One of the key advantages of cubosomes is their ability to encapsulate and deliver hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic drugs. The hydrophobic regions of the lipid bilayers provide an ideal environment for incorporating lipophilic drugs, while the hydrophilic regions can encapsulate water-soluble drugs. This versatility makes cubosomes suitable for delivering a wide range of therapeutic agents, including small molecules, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. The unique structure of cubosomes also offers stability and controlled release benefits. The lipid bilayers provide a protective barrier, shielding the encapsulated drugs from degradation and improving their stability. Moreover, the cubic lattice arrangement enables the modulation of drug release kinetics by varying the lipid composition and surface modifications. This allows for the development of sustained or triggered drug release systems, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. Furthermore, cubosomes can be easily modified with targeting ligands or surface modifications to achieve site-specific drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic selectivity and reducing off-target effects. In conclusion, cubosomes offer a versatile and promising platform for the delivery of therapeutic agents. In this manuscript, we will highlight some of these applications. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Santos Palma
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100 Brazil
| | - Bruna Renata Casadei
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Mayra Cristina Lotierzo
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Raphael Dias de Castro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Leandro Ramos Souza Barbosa
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100 Brazil
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5
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Wu D, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhao Z, Ji W, Liu H, Yang G. Gold nanorods-loaded chitosan-based nanomedicine platform enabling an effective tumor regression in vivo. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122561. [PMID: 36586640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The clinical utility of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) is hampered by its low water solubility and reduced bioactivity at neutral or alkaline conditions. The rational design of an effective drug delivery system that can significantly enhance the therapeutic index of SN-38 and achieve complete tumor regression still remains a challenge. Herein, chitosan-based hybrid nanoparticles system co-loading with chemotherapeutic drug SN-38 and gold nanorods (AuNRs) was engineered for effective combinational photothermal-chemotherapy. To increase the solubility of SN-38, soluble polymeric prodrug poly (l-glutamic acid)-SN38 (l-PGA-SN38) was firstly synthesized and then complexed with chitosan to form stable nanomedicine via a mild and facile way without using any organic solvent or surfactant. Upon introducing AuNRs into chitosan-based nanomedicine by coordination interaction between the amine group of chitosan and AuNRs, the hybrid nanoparticles exhibited distinct synergistic therapeutic effect compared with single chemotherapy or photothermal treatment in vitro and in vivo. Almost complete tumor regression was achieved after 21-day treatment of the developed hybrid nanoparticles and showed no recurrence for at least 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Wangyang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zejing Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Weili Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Gensheng Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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6
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Pramanik A, Xu Z, Ingram N, Coletta PL, Millner PA, Tyler AII, Hughes TA. Hyaluronic-Acid-Tagged Cubosomes Deliver Cytotoxics Specifically to CD44-Positive Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4601-4611. [PMID: 35938983 PMCID: PMC9727730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of chemotherapy drugs specifically to cancer cells raises local drug doses in tumors and therefore kills more cancer cells while reducing side effects in other tissues, thereby improving oncological and quality of life outcomes. Cubosomes, liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles, are potential vehicles for delivery of chemotherapy drugs, presenting the advantages of biocompatibility, stable encapsulation, and high drug loading of hydrophobic or hydrophilic drugs. However, active targeting of drug-loaded cubosomes to cancer cells, as opposed to passive accumulation, remains relatively underexplored. We formulated and characterized cubosomes loaded with potential cancer drug copper acetylacetonate and functionalized their surfaces using click chemistry coupling with hyaluronic acid (HA), the ligand for the cell surface receptor CD44. CD44 is overexpressed in many cancer types including breast and colorectal. HA-tagged, copper-acetylacetonate-loaded cubosomes have an average hydrodynamic diameter of 152 nm, with an internal nanostructure based on the space group Im3m. These cubosomes were efficiently taken up by two CD44-expressing cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and HT29, representing breast and colon cancer) but not by two CD44-negative cell lines (MCF-7 breast cancer and HEK-293 kidney cells). HA-tagged cubosomes caused significantly more cell death than untargeted cubosomes in the CD44-positive cells, demonstrating the value of the targeting. CD44-negative cells were equally relatively resistant to both, demonstrating the specificity of the targeting. Cell death was characterized as apoptotic. Specific targeting and cell death were evident in both 2D culture and 3D spheroids. We conclude that HA-tagged, copper-acetylacetonate-loaded cubosomes show great potential as an effective therapeutic for selective targeting of CD44-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Pramanik
- School
of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom,
| | - Zexi Xu
- School
of Food Science and Nutrition, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Ingram
- School
of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul A Millner
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Arwen I I Tyler
- School
of Food Science and Nutrition, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom,
| | - Thomas A Hughes
- School
of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom,
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7
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Anti-tumor effects and mechanism of a novel camptothecin derivative YCJ100. Life Sci 2022; 311:121105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Rajesh S, Leiske MN, Leitch V, Zhai J, Drummond CJ, Kempe K, Tran N. Lipidic poly(2-oxazoline)s as PEG replacement steric stabilisers for cubosomes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.158
expr 856459513 + 838290945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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9
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10
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Jiang X, Han W, Liu J, Mao J, Lee MJ, Rodriguez M, Li Y, Luo T, Xu Z, Yang K, Bissonnette M, Weichselbaum RR, Lin W. Tumor-Activatable Nanoparticles Target Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor to Enhance Drug Delivery and Antitumor Efficacy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201614. [PMID: 35748191 PMCID: PMC9404402 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The binding of plasma proteins to nanomedicines is widely considered detrimental to their delivery to tumors. Here, the design of OxPt/SN38 nanoparticle containing a hydrophilic oxaliplatin (OxPt) prodrug in a coordination polymer core and a hydrophobic cholesterol-conjugated SN38 prodrug on the lipid shell for active tumor targeting is reported. OxPt/SN38 hitchhikes on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, concentrates in tumors via LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis, and selectively releases SN38 and OxPt in acidic, esterase-rich, and reducing tumor microenvironments, leading to 6.0- and 4.9-times higher accumulations in tumors over free drugs. By simultaneously crosslinking DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase I, OxPt/SN38 achieved 92-98% tumor growth inhibition in five colorectal cancer tumor models and prolonged mouse survival by 58-80 days compared to free drug controls in three human colorectal cancer tumor models without causing serious side effects. The study has uncovered a novel nanomedicine strategy to co-deliver combination chemotherapies to tumors via active targeting of the LDL receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Wenbo Han
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Jianqiao Liu
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Jianming Mao
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Morten J. Lee
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Megan Rodriguez
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Taokun Luo
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Ziwan Xu
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Kaiting Yang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis ResearchThe University of Chicago5758S Maryland AveChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of MedicineDivision of Biological SciencesThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Ralph R. Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis ResearchThe University of Chicago5758S Maryland AveChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis ResearchThe University of Chicago5758S Maryland AveChicagoIL60637USA
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11
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Abdellatif AAH, Tolba NS, Alsharidah M, Al Rugaie O, Bouazzaoui A, Saleem I, Ali AT. PEG-4000 formed polymeric nanoparticles loaded with cetuximab downregulate p21 &stathmin-1 gene expression in cancer cell lines. Life Sci 2022; 295:120403. [PMID: 35176277 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cetuximab (CTX) is known to have cytotoxic effects on several human cancer cells in vitro; however, as CTX is poorly water soluble, there is a need for improved formulations can reach cancer cells at high concentrations with low side effects. We developed (PEG-4000) polymeric nanoparticles (PEGNPs) loaded with CTX and evaluated their in vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer properties against human lung (A549) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. CTX-PEGNPs were formulated using the solvent evaporation technique, and their morphological properties were evaluated. Further, the effects of CTX-PEGNPs on cell viability using the MTT assay and perform gene expression analysis, DNA fragmentation measurements, and the comet assay. CTX-PEGNP showed uniformly dispersed NPs of nano-size range (253.7 ± 0.3 nm), and low polydispersity index (0.16) indicating the stability and uniformity of NPs. Further, the zeta potential of the preparations was -17.0 ± 1.8 mv. DSC and FTIR confirmed the entrapping of CTX in NPs. The results showed IC50 values of 2.26 μg/mL and 1.83 μg/mL for free CTX and CTX-PEGNPs on the A549 cancer cell line, respectively. Moreover, CTX-PEGNPs had a lower IC50 of 1.12 μg/mL in MCF-7 cells than that of free CTX (2.28 μg/mL). The expression levels of p21 and stathmin-1 were significantly decreased in both cell lines treated with CTX-PEGNPs compared to CTX alone. The CTX-PEGNP-treated cells also showed increased DNA fragmentation rates in both cancer cell lines compared with CTX alone. The results indicated that CTX-PEGNP was an improved formulation than CTX alone to induce apoptosis and DNA damage and inhibit cell proliferation through the downregulation of P21 and stathmin-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Nahla Sameh Tolba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sadat City University, Monufia 32897, Egypt.
| | - Mansour Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, P.O. Box 991, Al Qassim 51911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.; Medical Clinic, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Imran Saleem
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Asmaa T Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt.
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Rahman KMM, Thapa P, Hurst R, Woo S, You Y. Singlet Oxygen Activatable Prodrugs of Paclitaxel, SN-38, MMC, and CA4: Non-mitochondria Targeted Prodrugs. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:389-399. [PMID: 34970997 DOI: 10.1111/php.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We established a light-activatable prodrug strategy that produces the combination effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and site-specific chemotherapy. Prodrugs are activated by singlet oxygen (SO), generated from PS and visible or near IR light, in either intra- or inter-molecular manner. The goal of this study is to evaluate cytotoxic effects of non-mitochondria targeted prodrugs of a number of anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action. They were tested in both 2D and 3D in vitro conditions via inter-molecular activation of prodrugs by SO generated in mitochondria by protoporphyrin IX-PDT (PpIX-PDT). Prodrugs of anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, SN-38, combrestatin A4, and mitomycin C) were synthesized using facile and high yielding reactions. Non-mitochondria targeted prodrugs showed limited dark toxicity while all of them showed greatly enhanced phototoxicity compared to PpIX-PDT in the 2D culture model. Prodrugs generated up to about 95% cell killing at 2.5 μM when administered with hexyl-aminolevulinate (HAL) to produce Protoporphyrin IX in cancer cells in both 2D monolayer and 3D spheroids model. The data demonstrate that mitochondria-targeting of prodrugs is not fully essential for our inter-molecular activation prodrug strategy. The prodrug strategy also worked for anticancer drugs with diverse MOAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Md Mahabubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Pritam Thapa
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Robert Hurst
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
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13
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Stability of cubic phase and curvature tuning in the lyotropic system of branched chain galactose-based glycolipid by amphiphilic additives. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Lewińska A, Kulbacka J, Domżał-Kędzia M, Witwicki M. Antiradical Properties of N-Oxide Surfactants-Two in One. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158040. [PMID: 34360806 PMCID: PMC8346996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are molecules that lower surface or interfacial tension, and thus they are broadly used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, or dispersants. However, for modern applications, substances that can perform more than one function are desired. In this study we evaluated antioxidant properties of two homological series of N-oxide surfactants: monocephalic 3-(alkanoylamino)propyldimethylamine-N-oxides and dicephalic N,N-bis[3,3′-(dimethylamino)propyl]alkylamide di-N-oxides. Their antiradical properties were tested against stable radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The experimental investigation was supported by theoretical density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio modeling of the X–H bonds dissociation enthalpies, ionization potentials, and Gibbs free energies for radical scavenging reactions. The evaluation was supplemented with a study of biological activity. We found that the mono- and di-N-oxides are capable of scavenging reactive radicals; however, the dicephalic surfactants are more efficient than their linear analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (M.W.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Domżał-Kędzia
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (M.W.)
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15
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Wu M, Feng Z, Deng Y, Zhong C, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhao X, Fu Y. Liquid antisolvent precipitation: an effective method for ocular targeting of lutein esters. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2667-2681. [PMID: 31043780 PMCID: PMC6472282 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s194068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lutein ester (LE) is an important carotenoid fatty acid ester. It is a form in which lutein is present in nature and is produced by free non-esterification and fatty acid esterification. LE is one of the safe sources of lutein. Increasing lutein intake can prevent and treat age-related macular degeneration. In addition, it can effectively inhibit gastric cancer, breast cancer, and esophageal cancer. However, the poor aqueous solubility of LE has impeded its clinical applications. Objective The objective of this study was to prepare lutein ester nanoparticles (LE-NPs) by liquid antisolvent precipitation techniques to improve the bioavailability of LE in vivo and improve eye delivery efficiency. Materials and methods The physical characterization of LE-NPs was performed, and their in vitro dissolution rate, in vitro antioxidant capacity, in vivo bioavailability, tissue distribution, and ocular pharmacokinetics were studied and evaluated. Results The LE freeze-dried powder obtained under the optimal conditions possessed a particle size of ~164.1±4.3 nm. The physical characterization analysis indicated the amorphous form of LE-NPs. In addition, the solubility and dissolution rate of LE-NPs in artificial gastric juice were 12.75 and 9.65 times that of the raw LE, respectively. The bioavailability of LE-NPs increased by 1.41 times compared with that of the raw LE. The antioxidant capacity of LE-NPs was also superior to the raw LE. The concentration of lutein in the main organs of rats treated with the LE-NPs was higher than that in rats treated with the raw LE. The bioavailability of LE-NPs in rat eyeballs was found to be 2.34 times that of the original drug. Conclusion LE-NPs have potential application as a new oral pharmaceutical formulation and could be a promising eye-targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China, ;
| | - Ziqi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China, ;
| | - Yiping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China, ;
| | - Chen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China, ;
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China, ;
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China, ;
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China, ;
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Ni H, Xu S, Gu P, wusiman A, Zhang Y, Qiu T, Liu Z, Ni H, Hu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Wang D. Optimization of preparation conditions for CTAB-modified Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide cubosomes using the response surface methodology and their effects on splenic lymphocytes. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:410-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Itai S. Development of Novel Functional Formulations Based on Pharmaceutical Technologies. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:419-435. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Itai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Ranneh A, Takemoto H, Sakuma S, Awaad A, Nomoto T, Mochida Y, Matsui M, Tomoda K, Naito M, Nishiyama N. An Ethylenediamine‐based Switch to Render the Polyzwitterion Cationic at Tumorous pH for Effective Tumor Accumulation of Coated Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul‐Hackam Ranneh
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Takemoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Shunya Sakuma
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Aziz Awaad
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Sohag University The University Street Naser City Sohag 82524 Egypt
| | - Takahiro Nomoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yuki Mochida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion 3-25-14 Tonomachi Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki 212-0821 Japan
| | - Makoto Matsui
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Keishiro Tomoda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Naito
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion 3-25-14 Tonomachi Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki 212-0821 Japan
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Ranneh AH, Takemoto H, Sakuma S, Awaad A, Nomoto T, Mochida Y, Matsui M, Tomoda K, Naito M, Nishiyama N. An Ethylenediamine-based Switch to Render the Polyzwitterion Cationic at Tumorous pH for Effective Tumor Accumulation of Coated Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5057-5061. [PMID: 29512262 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyzwitterions are employed as coating polymers for biomaterials to induce an antifouling property on the surface. Fine-tuning the betaine structure switches the antifouling property to be interactive with anionic tissue constituents in response to a tumorous pH gradient. The ethylenediamine moiety in the carboxybetaine enabled stepwise protonation and initiated the di-protonation process around tumorous pH (6.5). The net charge of the developed polyzwitterion (PGlu(DET-Car)) was thus neutral at pH 7.4 for antifouling, but was cationic at pH 6.5 for interaction with anionic constituents. Quantum dots coated with PGlu(DET-Car) exhibited comparable stealth and enhanced tumor accumulation relative to the PEG system. The present study provides a novel design of smart switchable polyzwitterion based on a precise control of the net charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hackam Ranneh
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Takemoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shunya Sakuma
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Aziz Awaad
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, The University Street, Naser City, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Takahiro Nomoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Mochida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 212-0821, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsui
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keishiro Tomoda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Naito
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan.,Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 212-0821, Japan
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Astolfi P, Giorgini E, Gambini V, Rossi B, Vaccari L, Vita F, Francescangeli O, Marchini C, Pisani M. Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline Nanosystems as Drug Delivery Agents for 5-Fluorouracil: Structure and Cytotoxicity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12369-12378. [PMID: 29023126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lyotropic cubic liquid-crystalline systems have received increasing attention due to their unique microstructural and physicochemical properties as efficient nanocarriers for drug delivery. We report the preparation and characterization of bulk phases and cubosome dispersions of phytantriol loaded with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil, in neutral and anionic forms. In both cases, a Pn3m cubic phase was observed. The phytantriol phase behavior can be influenced by the addition of ionic agents, and, to this purpose, a positively charged lipid, such as N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride salt (DOTAP), was included in the studied formulations. It was found to induce a variation of the spontaneous membrane curvature of the phytantriol lipid bilayer, generating a transition from the Pn3m to the Im3m cubic phase. When 5-fluorouracil, in its anionic form (5-FUs), was encapsulated in these latter systems, a further transition to the HII hexagonal phase was observed as a consequence of the formation of a complex phytantriol/DOTAP/5-FUs. The physicochemical characterization was performed with various complementary techniques including synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared and UV resonance Raman spectroscopies. Encapsulation of 5-fluorouracil in the corresponding nanodispersions was evaluated, and their in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed in MDA-MB-231 cell line. Phytantriol cubosomes containing 5-fluorouracil showed a higher toxicity compared with the bare drug solution, and hence they represent potential nanocarriers in the delivery of 5-fluorouracil for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Astolfi
- Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche , via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Dipartimento DISVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche , via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Gambini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Biotecnologie, Università di Camerino , Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Vita
- Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche , via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriano Francescangeli
- Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche , via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Biotecnologie, Università di Camerino , Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Michela Pisani
- Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche , via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Endocytic pathways of optimized resveratrol cubosomes capturing into human hepatoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:561-569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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