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Shi C, Zhao H, Fang Y, Shen L, Zhao L. Lactose in tablets: Functionality, critical material attributes, applications, modifications and co-processed excipients. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103696. [PMID: 37419210 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Lactose is one of the most widespread excipients used in the pharmaceutical industry. Because of its water solubility and acceptable flowability, lactose is generally added into tablet formulation to improve wettability and undesirable flowability. Based on Quality by Design, a better understanding of the critical material attributes (CMAs) of raw materials is beneficial in guiding the improvement of tablet quality and the development of lactose. Additionally, the modifications and co-processing of lactose can introduce more-desirable characteristics to the resulting particles. This review focuses on the functionality, CMAs, applications, modifications and co-processing of lactose in tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuting Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Haiyue Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ying Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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Gao X, Jasti BR, Huang M, Wang X, Mahalingam R, Li X. Design and preparation of nanostructures based on Krafft point of nonionic amphiphiles for delivery of poorly water-soluble compounds. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119789. [PMID: 32822777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Micellar solubilization can effectively dissolve low water-soluble compounds in aqueous environment, however, the micellar systems are not able to withstand dilution and maintain solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs below critical micelle concentration. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional micellar solubilization, nonionic polyoxyethylated surfactants with Krafft points at or higher than body temperature were chosen to create novel micelle-based nanostructures as a delivery vehicle for poorly water-soluble compounds. A technique "thermo-spray process" was developed for the preparation of the nanostructures-containing formulation, in which the drug-containing micelle solution was first prepared and maintained at the elevated temperature above the Krafft point of the surfactant, then spray dried to solidify the obtained micelle-like nanostructure at room temperature. Lactose was used as an excipient to embed the nanostructures in the thermo-spray products. Water insoluble spherical nanoparticles with size range from 80 to 250 nm were obtained after reconstitution of the product at the temperature lower than Krafft point. When paclitaxel was used as model drug, the micelle-like nanostructures exhibited similar drug entrapment efficiency, solubility enhancement and drug release facilitation as conventional micelles, but provided lower critical micellar concentration at body temperature, and good encapsulation stability upon storage and dilution. These findings indicated that the developed thermo-spray product can serve as a promising delivery platform for drugs with low aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bhaskara R Jasti
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
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Investigation of the Compressibility and Compactibility of Titanate Nanotube-API Composites. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122582. [PMID: 30567364 PMCID: PMC6315882 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims to reveal the pharma-industrial benefits of the use of hydrothermally synthesised titanate nanotube (TNT) carriers in the manufacturing of nano-sized active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Based on this purpose, the compressibility and compactibility of various APIs (diltiazem hydrochloride, diclofenac sodium, atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide) and their 1:1 composites formed with TNTs were investigated in a comparative study, using a Lloyd 6000R uniaxial press instrumented with a force gauge and a linear variable differential transformer extensometer. The tablet compression was performed without the use of any excipients, thus providing the precise energetic characterisation of the materials’ behaviour under pressure. In addition to the powder functionality test, the post-compressional properties of the tablets were also determined and evaluated. The results of the energetic analysis demonstrated that the use of TNTs as drug carriers is beneficial in every step of the tabletting process: besides providing better flowability and more favourable particle rearrangement, it highly decreases the elastic recovery of the APIs and results in ideal plastic deformation. Moreover, the post-compressional properties of the TNT–API composites were found to be exceptional (e.g., great tablet hardness and tensile strength), affirming the above results and proving the potential in the use of TNT carriers for drug manufacturing.
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Ojarinta R, Saarinen J, Strachan CJ, Korhonen O, Laitinen R. Preparation and characterization of multi-component tablets containing co-amorphous salts: Combining multimodal non-linear optical imaging with established analytical methods. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:112-126. [PMID: 30248394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Co-amorphous mixtures have rarely been formulated as oral dosage forms, even though they have been shown to stabilize amorphous drugs in the solid state and enhance the dissolution properties of poorly soluble drugs. In the present study we formulated tablets consisting of either spray dried co-amorphous ibuprofen-arginine or indomethacin-arginine, mannitol or xylitol and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP). Experimental design was used for the selection of tablet compositions, and the effect of tablet composition on tablet characteristics was modelled. Multimodal non-linear imaging, including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and sum frequency/second harmonic generation (SFG/SHG) microscopies, as well as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the tablets. The tablets possessed sufficient strength, but modelling produced no clear evidence about the compaction characteristics of co-amorphous salts. However, co-amorphous drug-arginine mixtures resulted in enhanced dissolution behaviour, and the PVP in the tableting mixture stabilized the supersaturation. The co-amorphous mixtures were physically stable during compaction, but the excipient selection affected the long term stability of the ibuprofen-arginine mixture. CARS and SFG/SHG proved feasible techniques in imaging the component distribution on the tablet surfaces, but possibly due to the limited imaging area, recrystallization detected with x-ray diffraction was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Ojarinta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jukka Saarinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clare J Strachan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Liu Y, Xiao H, Xie J, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Yue P, Yang M. The Shielding Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose on Drug Nanocrystal Particles During Compaction. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2488-2498. [PMID: 29948978 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the compaction behavior of drug nanocrystals based composite particles (NP) during tabletting, the compaction behavior of binary mixtures of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystal particles was investigated. The force-displacement correlation of mixtures containing different ratios of MCC and micronized NP was studied in order to explain the nature on densification of NP during compaction, and the resultant compaction curves (pressure as function of in-die thickness) were systemically analyzed to elucidate the most important mechanisms of volume reduction for MCC and NP in different stages of compaction. The results showed that the close compaction of individual MCC was relatively quickly achieved, and the drug NP particles could slide into the intrinsic void spaces between MCC microparticles. This was the reason that the particles size of MCC used in this study was significantly larger compared to that of drug NP. This interstitial rearrangement phenomenon of NP occurred on a typical time scale and was strongly dependent on the speed of compaction. This migration behavior occurred on void spaces of MCC inter-particles might be identified as an elastic stress relaxation mechanism and be helpful to dissolution of NP. MCC can effectively shield the NP from significant aggregation during compaction process.
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