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Mishra I, Mishra R, Dubey A, Dhakad PK. A Perspective on Various Facets of Nanoemulsions and its Commercial Utilities. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:97-117. [PMID: 38489509 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a captivating contemporary technology owing to its extensive range of potential applications. This study emphasizes nanomaterials, substances with a size <100 nm, offering better qualities than coarse particles. Nanoparticles have several advantages compared with conventional drug delivery methods, including enhanced bioavailability and a larger surface area because of their smaller particle size. These characteristics make the nanoparticles a viable clinical candidate. Controlled-release drug delivery systems and targeted drug delivery systems rely heavily on nanoparticles. Because traditional drug delivery methods fail to achieve targeted drug delivery, resulting in toxicity, low bioavailability, poor therapeutic outcomes, and so on, these drug nanoparticles excel in all these areas. Researchers are already interested in developing drug delivery systems such as niosomes, bilosomes, and dendrimers. Nanoemulsion is one of these technologies; nanoemulsions outperform traditional emulsions in terms of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Nanoemulsion effectively surpasses the constraints of standard emulsions, primarily by offering enhanced bioavailability, reduced toxicity, improved absorption, and the potential to be used in targeted drug delivery or controlled-release drug delivery systems. This particular work explores several aspects of nanoemulsions, including their constituents, classification, techniques for preparation, criteria for assessment, commercial applications, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mishra
- Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghav Mishra
- Lloyd School of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Czerniel J, Gostyńska A, Jańczak J, Stawny M. A critical review of the novelties in the development of intravenous nanoemulsions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:36-56. [PMID: 37586663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions have gained increasing attention in recent years as a drug delivery system due to their ability to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. This systematic review aimed to collect and critically analyze recent novelties in developing, designing, and optimizing intravenous nanoemulsions appearing in articles published between 2017 and 2022. The applied methodology involved searching two electronic databases PubMed and Scopus, using the keyword "nanoemulsion" in combination with "intravenous" or "parenteral". The resulting original articles were classified by the method of preparation into different categories. An overview of the current methods used for the preparation of such formulations, including high- and low-energy emulsification, was provided. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were discussed, as well as their potential impact on the properties of the developed intravenous nanoemulsions. The problem of inconsistency in intravenous nanoemulsion terminology may lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations of their properties and applications was also undertaken. Finally, the regulatory aspects of intravenous nanoemulsions, the state of the art in the field of intravenous emulsifiers, and the future perspectives were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czerniel
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka, 60 - 780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gostyńska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka, 60 - 780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Julia Jańczak
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka, 60 - 780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Stawny
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka, 60 - 780 Poznan, Poland
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3
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Pathak R, Sachan N, Kabra A, Alanazi AS, Alanazi MM, Alsaif NA, Chandra P. Isolation, characterization, development and evaluation of phytoconstituent based formulation for diabetic neuropathy. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101687. [PMID: 37448840 PMCID: PMC10336832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Morus alba Linn, referred to as white mulberry, is a potential traditional medicine for diabetes and neuroprotection. Aim Isolation, characterization, development and evaluation of phytoconstituent based formulation for diabetic neuropathy. Material and methods The stem Bark of M. alba was peeled and subjected to extraction. A phytoconstituent was then isolated by column chromatography and characterized using Mass spectroscopy, FTIR, and NMR. The isolated phytoconstituent was used to formulate a nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion was also characterized for viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, pH, and particle size. Selected nanoemulsion formulations were then tested for acute oral toxicity and diabetic neuropathy, including behavioral, hematological, histopathological, and biomarker examinations. Results The spectral analysis affirmed that the isolated compound was found to be chrysin. A nanoemulsion formulation was made using the chrysin and was characterized and found to be stable during the stability testing and fulfilled all other testing parameters. Then acute oral toxicity study of the formulations was found to be safe. Formulations were found to possess significant results against diabetic neuropathy in rats. Biomarkers were analyzed for their mechanistic involvement in reducing neuropathy in rats, and it was found that the oxidative pathway was considerably restored, suggesting that chrysin causes these effects via this pathway. Conclusions Results suggests that isolated phytoconstituent (chrysin) from the bark of Morus alba derived nanoemulsion has protective and beneficial effects by diminishing the oxidative damage against alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy, Invertis University, Bareilly-243123, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neetu Sachan
- Maharana Pratap College of Pharmacy, Mandhana, Kanpur-209217, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, 140301 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Phool Chandra
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad-244001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Filipić B, Pantelić I, Nikolić I, Majhen D, Stojić-Vukanić Z, Savić S, Krajišnik D. Nanoparticle-Based Adjuvants and Delivery Systems for Modern Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1172. [PMID: 37514991 PMCID: PMC10385383 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since the development of the first vaccine, vaccination has had the great impact on global health, leading to the decrease in the burden of numerous infectious diseases. However, there is a constant need to improve existing vaccines and develop new vaccination strategies and vaccine platforms that induce a broader immune response compared to traditional vaccines. Modern vaccines tend to rely on certain nanotechnology platforms but are still expected to be readily available and easy for large-scale manufacturing and to induce a durable immune response. In this review, we present an overview of the most promising nanoadjuvants and nanoparticulate delivery systems and discuss their benefits from tehchnological and immunological standpoints as well as their objective drawbacks and possible side effects. The presented nano alums, silica and clay nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, adenoviral-vectored systems, adeno-associated viral vectors, vesicular stomatitis viral vectors, lentiviral vectors, virus-like particles (including bacteriophage-based ones) and virosomes indicate that vaccine developers can now choose different adjuvants and/or delivery systems as per the requirement, specific to combatting different infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Filipić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Pantelić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ines Nikolić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Savić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danina Krajišnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhang Y, Zhong C, Wang Q, Zhang J, Zhao H, Huang Y, Zhao D, Yang J. Nanoemulsions of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A for Enhancing Physicochemical and In Vivo Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108658. [PMID: 37240000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke was always a disease that threatened human life and health worldwide. We reported the synthesis of a new type of hyaluronic acid-modified multi-walled carbon nanotube. Then, we produced hydroxysafflor yellow A-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin phospholipid complex water-in-oil nanoemulsion with hyaluronic acid-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes and chitosan (HC@HMC) for oral treatment of an ischemic stroke. We measured the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of HC@HMC in rats. We found that the intestinal absorption and the pharmacokinetic behavior of HC@HMC was superior to that of HYA. We measured intracerebral concentrations after oral administration of HC@HMC and found that more HYA crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of HC@HMC in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R)-injured mice. In MCAO/R mice, oral administration of HC@HMC demonstrated significant protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Furthermore, we found HC@HMC may exert a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through the COX2/PGD2/DPs pathway. These results suggest that oral administration of HC@HMC may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cailing Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuru Huang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dezhang Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Ferreira MD, Duarte J, Veiga F, Paiva-Santos AC, Pires PC. Nanosystems for Brain Targeting of Antipsychotic Drugs: An Update on the Most Promising Nanocarriers for Increased Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020678. [PMID: 36840000 PMCID: PMC9959474 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Orally administered antipsychotic drugs are the first-line treatment for psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nevertheless, adverse drug reactions jeopardize clinical outcomes, resulting in patient non-compliance. The design formulation strategies for enhancing brain drug delivery has been a major challenge, mainly due to the restrictive properties of the blood-brain barrier. However, recent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic in vivo assays confirmed the advantage of the intranasal route when compared to oral and intravenous administration, as it allows direct nose-to-brain drug transport via neuronal pathways, reducing systemic side effects and maximizing therapeutic outcomes. In addition, the incorporation of antipsychotic drugs into nanosystems such as polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric mixed micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, nanoemulgels, nanosuspensions, niosomes and spanlastics, has proven to be quite promising. The developed nanosystems, having a small and homogeneous particle size (ideal for nose-to-brain delivery), high encapsulation efficiency and good stability, resulted in improved brain bioavailability and therapeutic-like effects in animal models. Hence, although it is essential to continue research in this field, the intranasal delivery of nanosystems for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other related disorders has proven to be quite promising, opening a path for future therapies with higher efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniela Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Duarte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.P.-S.); or (P.C.P.)
| | - Patrícia C. Pires
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.P.-S.); or (P.C.P.)
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Parenteral Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for CNS Disorders: Integrating Various Facets of Preclinical Evaluation towards More Effective Clinical Translation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020443. [PMID: 36839768 PMCID: PMC9966342 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary trends in combinatorial chemistry and the design of pharmaceuticals targeting brain disorders have favored the development of drug candidates with increased lipophilicity and poorer water solubility, with the expected improvement in delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The growing availability of innovative excipients/ligands allowing improved brain targeting and controlled drug release makes the lipid nanocarriers a reasonable choice to overcome the factors impeding drug delivery through the BBB. However, a wide variety of methods, study designs and experimental conditions utilized in the literature hinder their systematic comparison, and thus slows the advances in brain-targeting by lipid-based nanoparticles. This review provides an overview of the methods most commonly utilized during the preclinical testing of liposomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers intended for the treatment of various CNS disorders via the parenteral route. In order to fully elucidate the structure, stability, safety profiles, biodistribution, metabolism, pharmacokinetics and immunological effects of such lipid-based nanoparticles, a transdisciplinary approach to preclinical characterization is mandatory, covering a comprehensive set of physical, chemical, in vitro and in vivo biological testing.
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A Promising Ultra-Small Unilamellar Carrier System for Enhanced Skin Delivery of α-Mangostin as an Anti-Age-Spot Serum. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122741. [PMID: 36559235 PMCID: PMC9782589 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
If it can be effectively delivered to its site of action, α-mangostin has potential in development of novel cosmeceuticals due to its melanogenesis-blocking activity. The aim of this study was to develop an ultra-small unilamellar carrier system for α-mangostin and to evaluate its effect as an anti-age-spot serum on humans in vivo. The ultra-small unilamellar carrier bases were optimized using a 25 factorial design, with five factors (virgin coconut oil, soy lecithin, Tween 80, and stirring duration and speed) and two levels (low and high); response of droplet size was analyzed using Design Expert 12®. The anti-spot examination was conducted via capturing digital images of the human skin after topical application of an α-mangostin-loaded ultra-small unilamellar carrier at night for two consecutive weeks. The results thereof were analyzed using Motic Live Imaging 3.0 and a standard red, green, and blue score. The optimized serum formula was confirmed with a composition of 2.3% virgin coconut oil, 1% lecithin, and 28.3% Tween 80 (polysorbate 80) at a stirring speed of 1500 revolutions per minute for 15 min. Incorporation of 3% α-mangostin to the optimized base formula produced an ultra-small unilamellar carrier globule size of 16.5 nm, with zeta potential of −25.8 mV and a polydispersion index of 0.445. Physical characterization of an α-mangostin-loaded ultra-small unilamellar carrier comprised 90.94% transmittance, a pH value of 6.5, a viscosity of 38 cP, specific gravity of 1.042 g/mL and 72.46% entrapment efficiency. A transmission electron microscope confirmed spherical nanosized droplets in the system. Topical application of an α-mangostin-loaded ultra-small unilamellar carrier at night for 2 consecutive weeks demonstrated anti-age-spot activity shown through a significant reduction in intensity and area of spots in human volunteers (p < 0.05).
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Jadhav S, Yenorkar N, Bondre R, Karemore M, Bali N. Nanomedicines encountering HIV dementia: A guiding star for neurotherapeutics. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Applications of innovative technologies to the delivery of antipsychotics. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:401-421. [PMID: 34601123 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis is a high-incidence pathology associated with a profound alteration in the perception of reality. The limitations of drugs available on the market have stimulated the search for alternative solutions to achieve effective antipsychotic therapies. In this review, we evaluate innovative formulations of antipsychotic drugs developed through the application of modern pharmaceutical technologies, including classes of micro and nanocarriers, such as lipid formulations, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), solid dispersions, and cyclodextrins (CDs). We also consider alternative routes of administration to the oral and parenteral ones currently used. Improved solubility, stability of preparations, and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters confirm the potential of these new formulations in the treatment of psychotic disorders.
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Ma HL, Varanda LC, Perussi JR, Carrilho E. Hypericin-loaded oil-in-water nanoemulsion synthesized by ultrasonication process enhances photodynamic therapy efficiency. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 223:112303. [PMID: 34509718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin (Hy) is a hydrophobic photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy for cancer therapeutic. In this study, Hy-loaded oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions (NEs) were produced by the ultrasonication method combing different biocompatible oils and surfactants to enhance Hy aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Experimental parameters were optimized by the characterization of droplet size, zeta potential, and physicochemical properties. In vitro studies based on the release profile, cytotoxicity, cell morphology, and Hy intracellular accumulation were assayed. Hy at 100 mg L-1 was incorporated into the low viscosity (~0.005 Pa s) NEs with spherical droplets averaging 20-40 nm in size and polydispersity index <0.02. Hy release from the NE was significantly higher (4-fold) than its suspension (p < 0.001). The NEs demonstrated good physical stability during storage at 5 °C for at least six months. The Hy-loaded NEs exhibited an IC50 value 6-fold lower than Hy suspension during PDT against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). Cell microscopy imaging confirmed the increased cytotoxic effects of Hy-loaded NEs, showing damaged and apoptotic cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy evidenced greater Hy delivery through NE into MCF-7 cells followed by improved intracellular ROS generation. Our results suggest that the Hy-loaded NEs can improve hypericin efficacy and assist Hy-PDT's preclinical development as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Ma
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica - INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Laudemir Carlos Varanda
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica - INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Youssef AAA, Cai C, Dudhipala N, Majumdar S. Design of Topical Ocular Ciprofloxacin Nanoemulsion for the Management of Bacterial Keratitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:210. [PMID: 33802394 PMCID: PMC7998883 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis (BK) is a critical ocular infection that can lead to serious visual disability. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), moxifloxacin (MOX), and levofloxacin (LFX) have been accepted as monotherapies by the US Food and Drug Administration for BK treatment. CIP is available commercially at 0.3% w/v concentration as an ophthalmic solution and as an ointment for ocular delivery. Because of solubility issues at physiological pH, CIP precipitation can occur at the corneal surface post instillation of the solution dosage form. Consequently, the ocular bioavailability of CIP is reduced. The ointment dosage form is associated with side effects such as blurred vision, itching, redness, eye discomfort, and eye dryness. This study aimed to design a CIP loaded nanoemulsion (NE; CIP-NE) to facilitate drug penetration into the corneal layers for improved therapeutic outcomes as well as to overcome the drawbacks of the current commercial ophthalmic formulations. CIP-NE formulations were prepared by hot homogenization and ultrasonication, using oleic acid (CIP-O-NE) and Labrafac® Lipophile WL 1349 (CIP-L-NE) as the oily phase, and Tween® 80 and Poloxamer 188 as surfactants. Optimized CIP-NE was further evaluated with respect to in vitro release, ex vivo transcorneal permeation, and moist heat sterilization process, using commercial CIP ophthalmic solution as a control. Optimized CIP-O-NE formulation showed a globule size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 121.6 ± 1.5 nm, 0.13 ± 0.01, and -35.1 ± 2.1 mV, respectively, with 100.1 ± 2.0% drug content and was spherical in shape. In vitro release and ex vivo transcorneal permeation studies exhibited sustained release and a 2.1-fold permeation enhancement, respectively, compared with commercial CIP ophthalmic solution. Autoclaved CIP-O-NE formulation was found to be stable for one month (last time-point tested) at refrigerated and room temperature. Therefore, CIP-NE formulation could serve as an effective delivery system for CIP and could improve treatment outcomes in BK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Chuntian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Narendar Dudhipala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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Fernandes F, Dias-Teixeira M, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. Critical Review of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as Carriers of Neuroprotective Drugs and Extracts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:563. [PMID: 33668341 PMCID: PMC7996241 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biggest obstacle to the treatment of diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS) is the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a physical barrier that regulates the entry of substances into the brain and ensures the homeostasis of the CNS. This review summarizes current research on lipid-based nanoparticles for the nanoencapsulation of neuroprotective compounds. A survey of studies on nanoemulsions (NEs), nanoliposomes/nanophytosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)/nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) was carried out and is discussed herein, with particular emphasis upon their unique characteristics, the most important parameters influencing the formulation of each one, and examples of neuroprotective compounds/extracts nanoencapsulated using these nanoparticles. Gastrointestinal absorption is also discussed, as it may pose some obstacles for the absorption of free and nanoencapsulated neuroprotective compounds into the bloodstream, consequently hampering drug concentration in the brain. The transport mechanisms through which compounds or nanoparticles may cross BBB into the brain parenchyma, and the potential to increase drug bioavailability, are also discussed. Additionally, factors contributing to BBB disruption and neurodegeneration are described. Finally, the advantages of, and obstacles to, conventional and unconventional routes of administration to deliver nanoencapsulated neuroprotective drugs to the brain are also discussed, taking into account the avoidance of first-pass metabolism, onset of action, ability to bypass the BBB and concentration of the drug in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
- NICiTeS—Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
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Pandey P, Gulati N, Makhija M, Purohit D, Dureja H. Nanoemulsion: A Novel Drug Delivery Approach for Enhancement of Bioavailability. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 14:276-293. [PMID: 32496999 DOI: 10.2174/1872210514666200604145755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor bioavailability and solubility of drugs in aqueous phase are the most important problems of newly developed chemical entities that can be improved by nanoemulsion. OBJECTIVES BCS class II and IV which are poorly soluble in water demonstrate various problems in conventional dosage forms. For the improvement of solubility, bioavailability and getting the best therapeutic effect of poorly soluble drugs nanoemulsion is the best solution. METHODS Nanoemulsion are thermodynamically unstable isotropic system with droplet size 1-100 nm in which two immiscible fluids are combined together to form one phase by using an emulsifying agent. Nanoemulsion can be designed to promote the bioavailability of API by trapping them inside. RESULTS Nanoemulsion can be developed in many dosage forms such as oral, parenteral, topical, ophthalmic dosage form in large scale using common operation at a very low cost. Large range of lipophilic drugs can be easily incorporated in nanoemulsion. CONCLUSION In this review, attention is focused on the type of nanoemulsions, their advantages over other dosage form, method for their preparation, characterization, applications and patents in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Pandey
- Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak - 124001, India
| | - Nisha Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - 124001, India
| | - Manish Makhija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari - 123401, India
| | - Deepika Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari - 123401, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - 124001, India
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Lactoferrin coated or conjugated nanomaterials as an active targeting approach in nanomedicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1527-1543. [PMID: 33212102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A successful drug delivery to a specific site relies on two essential factors including; efficient entrapment of the drug within the carrier and successful delivery of drug- loaded nanocarrier to the target site without opsonisation or drug release in the circulation before reaching the organ of interest. Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin (TF) family which can bind to TF receptors (TFRs) and LF membrane internalization receptors (LFRs) highly expressed on the cell surface of both highly proliferating cancer cells and blood brain barrier (BBB), which in turn can facilitate its accessibility to the cell nucleus. This merit could be exploited to develop actively targeted drug delivery systems that can easily cross the BBB or internalize into tumor cells. In this review, the most recent advances of utilizing LF as an active targeting ligand for different types of nanocarriers including: inorganic nanoparticles, dendrimers, synthetic biodegradable polymers, lipid nanocarriers, natural polymers, and nanoemulstions will be highlighted. Collectively, LF seems to be a promising targeting ligand in the field of nanomedicine.
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Zorkina Y, Abramova O, Ushakova V, Morozova A, Zubkov E, Valikhov M, Melnikov P, Majouga A, Chekhonin V. Nano Carrier Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Advantages and Limitations. Molecules 2020; 25:E5294. [PMID: 33202839 PMCID: PMC7697162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases are one of the main causes of disability, affecting millions of people. Various drugs are used for its treatment, although no effective therapy has been found yet. The blood brain barrier (BBB) significantly complicates drugs delivery to the target cells in the brain tissues. One of the problem-solving methods is the usage of nanocontainer systems. In this review we summarized the data about nanoparticles drug delivery systems and their application for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Firstly, we described and characterized types of nanocarriers: inorganic nanoparticles, polymeric and lipid nanocarriers, their advantages and disadvantages. We discussed ways to interact with nerve tissue and methods of BBB penetration. We provided a summary of nanotechnology-based pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder and Alzheimer's disease, where development of nanocontainer drugs derives the most active. We described various experimental drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease that include vector nanocontainers targeted on β-amyloid or tau-protein. Integrally, nanoparticles can substantially improve the drug delivery as its implication can increase BBB permeability, the pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of applied drugs. Thus, nanotechnology is anticipated to overcome the limitations of existing pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders and to effectively combine various treatment modalities in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zorkina
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Valeriya Ushakova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Zubkov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Marat Valikhov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Pavel Melnikov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Alexander Majouga
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (V.U.); (A.M.); (E.Z.); (M.V.); (P.M.); (V.C.)
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Fan W, Yu Z, Peng H, He H, Lu Y, Qi J, Dong X, Zhao W, Wu W. Effect of particle size on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of parenteral nanoemulsions. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Pavoni L, Perinelli DR, Ciacciarelli A, Quassinti L, Bramucci M, Miano A, Casettari L, Cespi M, Bonacucina G, Palmieri GF. Properties and stability of nanoemulsions: How relevant is the type of surfactant? J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sharma S, Dang S. Neuropsychological Disorders and their Nanocarriers. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2247-2256. [PMID: 32091327 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200224111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychological disorders are now growing rapidly worldwide among the people of diverse backgrounds irrespective of age, gender, and geographical region. Such disorders not only disturb the normal life and functionality of an individual but also impact the social relationships of the patient and the people associated with them, and if not treated in time, it may also result in mortality in severe conditions. Various antipsychotic drugs have been developed but their use is often limited by issues related to effective drug delivery at the site of action i.e. brain, mainly because of the blood-brain barrier. To resolve these issues, researchers and scientists have been working to develop a more effective drug delivery system where drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain in more effective concentrations. Drugs have been modified and formulated into nano-carriers and experimental studies for efficient and targeted delivery of drugs have been conducted. This review focuses on certain common neuropsychological diseases and their nanocarriers developed for drug delivery in the brain and are discussed with a brief description of various experimental in vitro and in vivo studies. This review also focuses on the intranasal route for the delivery of antipsychotic drugs and constraints faced due to the blood-brain barrier by the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Noida, U.P., 201309, India
| | - Shweta Dang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Noida, U.P., 201309, India
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20
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In vitro evaluation of stearylamine cationic nanoemulsions for improved ocular drug delivery. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:621-634. [PMID: 31639085 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oil-in-water nanoemulsions (NEs) represent one of the formulation approaches to improve eye-related bio-availability of lipophilic drugs. The potential of cationic NEs is pronounced due to the electrostatic interaction of positively charged droplets with negatively charged mucins present in the tear film, providing prolonged formulation residence at the ocular surface. The aim of this study was to develop a cationic ophthalmic NE with cationic lipid stearylamine (SA) as a carrier of a positive charge. The addition of a nonionic surfactant provided the dual electro-steric stabilization of NEs and enabled tuning of SA concentration to achieve an optimal balance between its interaction with mucins and biocompatibility. Physicochemical characterization, stability profile, in vitro mucoadhesion study and biocompatibility study employing 3D HCE-T cell-based model of corneal epithelium pointed out the NE with 0.05 % (m/m) SA as the leading formulation. Minimizing SA content while retaining droplet/mucin interactions is of great importance for efficacy and safety of future ophthalmic drug products.
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21
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Green Micro- and Nanoemulsions for Managing Parasites, Vectors and Pests. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091285. [PMID: 31505756 PMCID: PMC6781030 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The management of parasites, insect pests and vectors requests development of novel, effective and eco-friendly tools. The development of resistance towards many drugs and pesticides pushed scientists to look for novel bioactive compounds endowed with multiple modes of action, and with no risk to human health and environment. Several natural products are used as alternative/complementary approaches to manage parasites, insect pests and vectors due to their high efficacy and often limited non-target toxicity. Their encapsulation into nanosystems helps overcome some hurdles related to their physicochemical properties, for instance limited stability and handling, enhancing the overall efficacy. Among different nanosystems, micro- and nanoemulsions are easy-to-use systems in terms of preparation and industrial scale-up. Different reports support their efficacy against parasites of medical importance, including Leishmania, Plasmodium and Trypanosoma as well as agricultural and stored product insect pests and vectors of human diseases, such as Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Overall, micro- and nanoemulsions are valid options for developing promising eco-friendly tools in pest and vector management, pending proper field validation. Future research on the improvement of technical aspects as well as chronic toxicity experiments on non-target species is needed.
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Samal J, Rebelo AL, Pandit A. A window into the brain: Tools to assess pre-clinical efficacy of biomaterials-based therapies on central nervous system disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:68-145. [PMID: 30710594 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic conveyance into the brain is a cardinal requirement for treatment of diverse central nervous system (CNS) disorders and associated pathophysiology. Effectual shielding of the brain by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) sieves out major proportion of therapeutics with the exception of small lipophilic molecules. Various nano-delivery systems (NDS) provide an effective solution around this obstacle owing to their small size and targeting properties. To date, these systems have been used for several pre-clinical disease models including glioma, neurodegenerative diseases and psychotic disorders. An efficacy screen for these systems involves a test battery designed to probe into the multiple facets of therapeutic delivery. Despite their wide application in redressing various disease targets, the efficacy evaluation strategies for all can be broadly grouped into four modalities, namely: histological, bio-imaging, molecular and behavioural. This review presents a comprehensive insight into all of these modalities along with their strengths and weaknesses as well as perspectives on an ideal design for a panel of tests to screen brain nano-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Samal
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ana Lucia Rebelo
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Nanoformulation properties, characterization, and behavior in complex biological matrices: Challenges and opportunities for brain-targeted drug delivery applications and enhanced translational potential. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:146-180. [PMID: 30797956 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers (synthetic/cell-based have attracted enormous interest for various therapeutic indications, including neurodegenerative disorders. A broader understanding of the impact of nanomedicines design is now required to enhance their translational potential. Nanoformulations in vivo journey is significantly affected by their physicochemical properties including the size, shape, hydrophobicity, elasticity, and surface charge/chemistry/morphology, which play a role as an interface with the biological environment. Understanding protein corona formation is crucial in characterizing nanocarriers and evaluating their interactions with biological systems. In this review, the types and properties of the brain-targeted nanocarriers are discussed. The biological factors and nanocarriers properties affecting their in vivo behavior are elaborated. The compositional description of cell culture and biological matrices, including proteins potentially relevant to protein corona built-up on nanoformulation especially for brain administration, is provided. Analytical techniques of characterizing nanocarriers in complex matrices, their advantages, limitations, and implementation challenges in industrial GMP environment are discussed. The uses of orthogonal complementary characterization approaches of nanocarriers are also covered.
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Kadakia E, Harpude P, Parayath N, Bottino D, Amiji M. Challenging the CNS Targeting Potential of Systemically Administered Nanoemulsion Delivery Systems: a Case Study with Rapamycin-Containing Fish Oil Nanoemulsions in Mice. Pharm Res 2019; 36:134. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mathematical Modeling and Simulation to Investigate the CNS Transport Characteristics of Nanoemulsion-Based Drug Delivery Following Intranasal Administration. Pharm Res 2019; 36:75. [PMID: 30923914 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite encouraging preclinical results, mechanisms of CNS drug delivery following intranasal dosing of nanoemulsions remain incompletely understood. Herein, the transport characteristics of intranasally administered nanoemulsions are investigated using mathematical modeling and simulation. METHODS A compartmental model was developed to describe systemic and brain pharmacokinetics of drug solutions following intranasal dosing in rodents. The association between transport processes and CNS drug delivery was predicted using sensitivity analysis. Published pharmacokinetic data for four drugs; dosed as a nanoemulsion and aqueous solution were modeled to characterize differences in transport processes across formulations. RESULTS The intranasal model structure performed in a drug agnostic fashion. Sensitivity analysis suggested that though the extent of CNS drug delivery depends on nasal bioavailability, the CNS targeting efficiency is only sensitive to changes in drug permeability across the nasal epithelium. Modeling results indicated that nanoemulsions primarily improve nasal bioavailability and drug permeability across the olfactory epithelium, with minimal effect on drug permeability across the non-olfactory epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Using mathematical modeling we outlined dominant transport pathways following intranasal dosing, predicted the association between transport pathways and CNS drug delivery, predicted human CNS delivery after accounting for inter-species differences in nasal anatomy, and quantified the CNS delivery potential of different formulations in rodents.
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Nanoemulsions in CNS drug delivery: recent developments, impacts and challenges. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1104-1115. [PMID: 30914298 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite enormous efforts, treatment of CNS diseases remains challenging. One of the main issues causing this situation is limited CNS access for the majority of drugs used as part of the therapeutic regimens against life-threatening CNS diseases. Regarding the inarguable position of the nanocarrier systems in neuropharmacokinetic enhancement of the CNS drugs, this review discusses the latest findings on nanoemulsions (NEs) as one of the most promising candidates of this type, to overcome the challenges of CNS drug delivery. Future development of NE-based CNS drug delivery needs to consider so many aspects not only from a physicochemical point of view but also related to the biointerface of these very small droplets before achieving clinical value.
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Karami Z, Saghatchi Zanjani MR, Rezaee S, Rostamizadeh K, Hamidi M. Neuropharmacokinetic evaluation of lactoferrin-treated indinavir-loaded nanoemulsions: remarkable brain delivery enhancement. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:736-744. [PMID: 30640551 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1569039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Indinavir (IDV), an antiretroviral protease inhibitor used in treatment of HIV infection, has limited entry into brain due to efflux by the P-glycoprotein presented in blood-brain barrier. The aim of present study was to develop lactoferrin-treated nanoemulsion containing indinavir (Lf-IDV-NEs) for delivery to brain. METHODS Indinavir-loaded nanoemulsions (IDV-NEs) were prepared by high-speed homogenization method, and then lactoferrin was coupled to IDV-NEs by water soluble EDC method. RESULTS The hydrodynamic diameters, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of IDV-NEs were 112 ± 3.5 nm, 0.20 ± 0.02, and -33.2 ± 2.6 mV, respectively. From in vivo studies in animal model of rats, the AUC0-4 h of brain concentration-time profile of IDV-NEs and Lf-IDV-NEs were 1.6 and 4.1 times higher than free drug, respectively. The brain uptake clearance of IDV-NEs and Lf-IDV-NEs were, interestingly, 393- and 420-times higher than the free drug. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that applying both lactoferrin-treated and non-treated nanoemulsions clearly leads to significant brain penetration enhancement of indinavir, an effect which is more pronounced in the case of Lf-IDV-NEs with the higher drug residence time in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karami
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.,b Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saghatchi Zanjani
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.,b Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.,c Department of Clinical Sciences , Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Saeed Rezaee
- b Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.,d Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Kobra Rostamizadeh
- b Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.,e Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.,b Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
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Krajišnik D, Ilić T, Nikolić I, Savić S. Established and advanced adjuvants in vaccines' formulation: Mineral adsorbents, nanoparticulate carriers and microneedle delivery systems. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1906420k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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