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Chandra P, Kaleem M, Sachan N, Pathak R, Alanazi AS, Alsaif NA, Alsanea S, Alsuwayt B, Alanazi MM, Kabra A. Gastroprotective evaluation of Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) on diabetic rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101815. [PMID: 37860685 PMCID: PMC10582054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional uses for the plant Medicago sativa (M. sativa) (Alfalfa) (Family: Fabaceae) include liver protection, antioxidant activity, and the treatment of bleeding and digestive issues. This study aims to assess the effect of ethanol extract of M. sativa (EEMS) on experimental-induced ulcers in diabetic rats. By pylorus ligation and ethanol administration, gastric ulcers were induced in diabetic rats. Five groups each consisting of six rats in each model were used. All other groups except Group I were made diabetic by giving rats alloxan (140 mg/kg i.p.). Vehicles were given to Group I (normal control) and Group II (diabetes control) rats. Group III (positive control) received ranitidine 50 mg/kg, and Group IV and V received EEMS at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. In the pylorus ligation and ethanol-induced stomach ulcer model of rats, the findings demonstrated that EEMS (100 mg/kg) showed a decreased ulcer index of 2.01 ± 0.41 and was found statistically significant against the diabetes control group (p < 0.001) as well as, an ulcer index of 0.68 ± 0.22 by EEMS (400 mg/kg) with a significant reduction in the ulcer index (p < 0.001). EEMS (100 and 400 mg/kg) reduce free acidity by 13.16 ± 0.65 mEq/L and 9.83 ± 0.30 mEq/L, respectively. EEMS also showed a protective impact on the liver and kidneys of diabetic rats. Antihyperglycemic action was also discovered in diabetic animals. The findings of the current investigation demonstrated that ethanolic extract of M. sativa possesses anti-ulcer activity in diabetic rats. Ethanolic extract of M. sativa may be a treatment option for stomach ulcers that also have diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phool Chandra
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, U.P. 244001, India
| | - Mohammad Kaleem
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road (NH-24), Moradabad 244 102, U.P., India
| | - Neetu Sachan
- Maharana Pratap College of Pharmacy, Mandhana, Kanpur 209217, U.P., India
| | - Rashmi Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy, Invertis University, Bareilly 243123, U.P., India
| | - Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sary Alsanea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alsuwayt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140301, Punjab, India
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Pathak R, Sachan N, Kabra A, Alanazi AS, Alanazi MM, Alsaif NA, Chandra P. Isolation, characterization, development and evaluation of phytoconstituent based formulation for diabetic neuropathy. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101687. [PMID: 37448840 PMCID: PMC10336832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Morus alba Linn, referred to as white mulberry, is a potential traditional medicine for diabetes and neuroprotection. Aim Isolation, characterization, development and evaluation of phytoconstituent based formulation for diabetic neuropathy. Material and methods The stem Bark of M. alba was peeled and subjected to extraction. A phytoconstituent was then isolated by column chromatography and characterized using Mass spectroscopy, FTIR, and NMR. The isolated phytoconstituent was used to formulate a nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion was also characterized for viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, pH, and particle size. Selected nanoemulsion formulations were then tested for acute oral toxicity and diabetic neuropathy, including behavioral, hematological, histopathological, and biomarker examinations. Results The spectral analysis affirmed that the isolated compound was found to be chrysin. A nanoemulsion formulation was made using the chrysin and was characterized and found to be stable during the stability testing and fulfilled all other testing parameters. Then acute oral toxicity study of the formulations was found to be safe. Formulations were found to possess significant results against diabetic neuropathy in rats. Biomarkers were analyzed for their mechanistic involvement in reducing neuropathy in rats, and it was found that the oxidative pathway was considerably restored, suggesting that chrysin causes these effects via this pathway. Conclusions Results suggests that isolated phytoconstituent (chrysin) from the bark of Morus alba derived nanoemulsion has protective and beneficial effects by diminishing the oxidative damage against alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy, Invertis University, Bareilly-243123, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neetu Sachan
- Maharana Pratap College of Pharmacy, Mandhana, Kanpur-209217, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, 140301 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Phool Chandra
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad-244001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Anwar S, Rehman W, Hussain R, Khan S, Alanazi MM, Alsaif NA, Khan Y, Iqbal S, Naz A, Hashmi MA. Investigation of Novel Benzoxazole-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Effective Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:909. [PMID: 37513821 PMCID: PMC10384982 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological illness that is distinguished clinically by cognitive and memory decline and adversely affects the people of old age. The treatments for this disease gained much attention and have prompted increased interest among researchers in this field. As a springboard to explore new anti-Alzheimer's chemical prototypes, the present study was carried out for the synthesis of benzoxazole-oxadiazole analogues as effective Alzheimer's inhibitors. In this research work, we have focused our efforts to synthesize a series of benzoxazole-oxadiazole (1-19) and evaluating their anti-Alzheimer properties. In addition, the precise structures of synthesized derivatives were confirmed with the help of various spectroscopic techniques including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HREI-MS. To find the anti-Alzheimer potentials of the synthesized compounds (1-19), in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), inhibitory activities were performed using Donepezil as the reference standard. From structure-activity (SAR) analysis, it was confirmed that any variation found in inhibitory activities of both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes were due to different substitution patterns of substituent(s) at the variable position of both acetophenone aryl and oxadiazole aryl rings. The results of the anti-Alzheimer assay were very encouraging and showed moderate to good inhibitory potentials with IC50 values ranging from 5.80 ± 2.18 to 40.80 ± 5.90 µM (against AChE) and 7.20 ± 2.30 to 42.60 ± 6.10 µM (against BuChE) as compared to standard Donepezil drug (IC50 = 33.65 ± 3.50 µM (for AChE) and 35.80 ± 4.60 µM (for BuChE), respectively. Specifically, analogues 2, 15 and 16 were identified to be significantly active, even found to be more potent than standard inhibitors with IC50 values of 6.40 ± 1.10, 5.80 ± 2.18 and 6.90 ± 1.20 (against AChE) and 7.50 ± 1.20, 7.20 ± 2.30 and 7.60 ± 2.10 (against BuChE). The results obtained were compared to standard drugs. These findings reveal that benzoxazole-oxadiazole analogues act as AChE and BuChE inhibitors to develop novel therapeutics for treating Alzheimer's disease and can act as lead molecules in drug discovery as potential anti-Alzheimer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22020, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Adeela Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
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Alanazi AS, Mirgany TO, Alsaif NA, Alsfouk AA, Alanazi MM. Design, synthesis, antitumor evaluation, and molecular docking of novel pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine as multi-kinase inhibitors. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:989-997. [PMID: 37234342 PMCID: PMC10205775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last twenty years, protein kinases have been identified as important targets for cancer therapy. In order to prevent unexpected toxicity, medicinal chemists have always focused on discovering selective protein kinase inhibitors. However, cancer is a multifactorial process and its formation and progression depend on different stimuli. Therefore, it is imperative to develop anticancer therapy that targets multiple kinases associated cancer progression. In this research a series of hybrid compounds was designed and synthesized successfully with the aim of producing anticancer activity through the induction of multiple protein kinase inhibition. The designed derivatives comprise isatin and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds in their structures with a hydrazine linking the two pharmacophores. Antiproliferative and kinase inhibition assays revealed promising anticancer and multi-kinase inhibitory effects of compound 7 with comparable results with the reference standards. Moreover, compound 7 suppressed cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Finally, molecular docking simulation was performed to investigate the potential types of interactions between the protein kinase enzymes and the designed hybrid compounds. The results of this research indicated the promising anticancer effect of compound 7 through the inhibition of a number of protein kinase receptors and the suppression of cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tebyan O. Mirgany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha A. Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alanazi AS, Mirgany TO, Alsfouk AA, Alsaif NA, Alanazi MM. Antiproliferative Activity, Multikinase Inhibition, Apoptosis- Inducing Effects and Molecular Docking of Novel Isatin-Purine Hybrids. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:medicina59030610. [PMID: 36984611 PMCID: PMC10051310 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The traditional single-treatment strategy for cancer is frequently unsuccessful due to the complexity of cellular signaling. However, suppression of multiple targets is vital to defeat tumor cells. In this research, new compounds for the treatment of cancer were developed successfully as novel hybrid anticancer agents. Based on a molecular hybridization strategy, we designed hybrid agents that target multiple protein kinases to fight cancer cells. The proposed hybrid agents combined purine and isatin moieties in their structures with 4-aminobenzohydrazide and hydrazine as different linkers. Having those two moieties in one molecule enabled the capability to inhibit multiple kinases, such as human epidermal receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Anticancer activity was evaluated by performing cytotoxicity assays, kinase inhibition assays, cell cycle analysis, and BAX, Bcl-2, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 protein level determination assays. The results showed that the designed hybrids tackled the cancer by inhibiting both cell proliferation and metastasis. A molecular docking study was performed to predict possible binding interactions in the active site of the investigated protein kinase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwag S Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tebyan O Mirgany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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El-Azab AS, Abdel-Aziz AAM, Ghabbour HA, Bua S, Nocentini A, Alkahtani HM, Alsaif NA, Al-Agamy MHM, Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition Activities of Schiff's Bases Based on Quinazoline-Linked Benzenesulfonamide. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227703. [PMID: 36431826 PMCID: PMC9697198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) (hCA) isoforms I, II, IX, and XII were investigated for their inhibitory activity with a series of new Schiff's bases based on quinazoline scaffold 4-27. The hCA I isoform was efficiently inhibited by Schiff's bases 4-6, 10-19, 22-27 and had an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 52.8-991.7 nM compared with AAZ (Ki, 250 nM). Amongst the quinazoline derivatives, the compounds 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 16, 18, 24, 26, and 27 were proven to be effective hCA II inhibitors, with Ki values of 10.8-52.6 nM, measuring up to AAZ (Ki, 12 nM). Compounds 2-27 revealed compelling hCA IX inhibitory interest with Ki values of 10.5-99.6 nM, rivaling AAZ (Ki, 25.0 nM). Quinazoline derivatives 3, 10, 11, 13, 15-19, and 24 possessed potent hCA XII inhibitory activities with KI values of 5.4-25.5 nM vs. 5.7 nM of AAZ. Schiff's bases 7, 8, 9, and 21 represented attractive antitumor hCA IX carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) with KI rates (22.0, 34.8, 49.2, and 45.3 nM, respectively). Compounds 5, 7, 8, 9, 14, 18, 19, and 21 showed hCA I inhibitors on hCA IX with a selectivity index of 22.46-107, while derivatives 12, 14, and 18 showed selective hCA I inhibitors on hCA XII with a selectivity profile of 45.04-58.58, in contrast to AAZ (SI, 10.0 and 43.86). Compounds 2, 5, 7-14, 19-23, and 25 showed a selectivity profile for hCA II inhibitors over hCA IX with a selectivity index of 2.02-19.67, whereas derivatives 5, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21, and 22 showed selective hCA II inhibitors on hCA XII with a selectivity profile of 4.84-26.60 balanced to AAZ (SI, 0.48 and 2.10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel S. El-Azab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.S.E.-A.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Alaa A.-M. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem A. Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. M. Al-Agamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.E.-A.); (C.T.S.)
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Saeed A, Ejaz SA, Khalid A, Channar PA, Aziz M, Abbas Q, Wani TA, Alsaif NA, Alanazi MM, Al-Hossaini AM, Altwaijry N, Zargar S, Elhadi M, Hökelek T. Acetophenone-Based 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-Thione as Potential Inhibitor of Tyrosinase and Ribonucleotide Reductase: Facile Synthesis, Crystal Structure, In-Vitro and In-Silico Investigations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13164. [PMID: 36361953 PMCID: PMC9658835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The acetophenone-based 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione was synthesized by the reaction of 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one (1), 4-acetyl aniline (2) and potassium thiocyanate. The spectroscopic analysis including: FTIR, 1H-NMR, and single crystal analysis proved the structure of synthesized compound (4), with the six-membered nonplanar ring in envelope conformation. In crystal structure, the intermolecular N-H ⋯ S and C-H ⋯ O hydrogen bonds link the molecule in a two-dimensional manner which is parallel to (010) the plane enclosing R22 (8) and R22 (10) ring motifs. After that, the Hirshfeld surfaces and their related two-dimensional fingerprint plots were used for thorough investigation of intermolecular interactions. According to Hirshfeld surface analysis, the most substantial contributions to the crystal packing are from H ⋯ H (59.5%), H ⋯ S/S ⋯ H (16.1%), and H ⋯ C/C ⋯ H (13.1%) interactions. The electronic properties and stability of the compound were investigated through density functional theory (DFT) studies using B3LYP functional and 6-31G* as a basis set. The compound 4 displayed the high chemical reactivity with chemical softness of 2.48. In comparison to the already reported known tyrosinase inhibitor, the newly synthesized derivatives exhibited almost seven-fold better inhibition of tyrosinase (IC50 = 1.97 μM), which was further supported by molecular docking studies. The compound 4 inside the active pocket of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) exhibited a binding energy of -19.68 kJ/mol, and with mammalian deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) it acts as an effective DNA groove binder with a binding energy of -21.32 kJ/mol. The results suggested further exploration of this compound at molecular level to synthesize more potential leads for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Pervaiz Ali Channar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of of Information Science and Humanities, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq 32038, Bahrain
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, 56 Gongjudehak-Ro, Gongju 314-701, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nojood Altwaijry
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muawya Elhadi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Ed Dawadmi, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tuncer Hökelek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Bhat MA, Tüzün B, Alsaif NA, Ali Khan A, Naglah AM. Synthesis, characterization, molecular modeling against EGFR target and ADME/T analysis of novel purine derivatives of sulfonamides. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zargar S, Wani TA, Alsaif NA, Khayyat AIA. A Comprehensive Investigation of Interactions between Antipsychotic Drug Quetiapine and Human Serum Albumin Using Multi-Spectroscopic, Biochemical, and Molecular Modeling Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082589. [PMID: 35458787 PMCID: PMC9029314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quetiapine (QTP) is a short-acting atypical antipsychotic drug that treats schizophrenia or manic episodes of bipolar disorder. Human serum albumin (HSA) is an essential transport protein that transports hormones and various other ligands to their intended site of action. The interactions of QTP with HSA and their binding mechanism in the HSA-QTP system was studied using spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques. The UV-Vis absorption study shows hyperchromicity in the spectra of HSA on the addition of QTP, suggesting the complex formation and interactions between QTP and HSA. The results of intrinsic fluorescence indicate that QTP quenched the fluorescence of HSA and confirmed the complex formation between HSA and QTP, and this quenching mechanism was a static one. Thermodynamic analysis of the HSA-QTP system confirms the involvement of hydrophobic forces, and this complex formation is spontaneous. The competitive displacement and molecular docking experiments demonstrated that QTP is preferentially bound to HSA subdomain IB. Furthermore, the CD experiment results showed conformational changes in the HSA-QTP system. Besides this, the addition of QTP does not affect the esterase-like activity of HSA. This study will help further understand the credible mechanism of transport and delivery of QTP via HSA and design new QTP-based derivatives with greater efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.Z.); (A.I.A.K.)
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arwa Ishaq A. Khayyat
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.Z.); (A.I.A.K.)
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Alanazi MM, Elkady H, Alsaif NA, Obaidullah AJ, Alanazi WA, Al-Hossaini AM, Alharbi MA, Eissa IH, Dahab MA. Discovery of new quinoxaline-based derivatives as anticancer agents and potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and in silico study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Wani TA, Alanazi MM, Alsaif NA, Bakheit AH, Zargar S, Alsalami OM, Khan AA. Interaction Characterization of a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Erlotinib with a Model Transport Protein in the Presence of Quercetin: A Drug-Protein and Drug-Drug Interaction Investigation Using Multi-Spectroscopic and Computational Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041265. [PMID: 35209054 PMCID: PMC8874853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between erlotinib (ERL) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied in the presence of quercetin (QUR), a flavonoid with antioxidant properties. Ligands bind to the transport protein BSA resulting in competition between different ligands and displacing a bound ligand, resulting in higher plasma concentrations. Therefore, various spectroscopic experiments were conducted in addition to in silico studies to evaluate the interaction behavior of the BSA-ERL system in the presence and absence of QUR. The quenching curve and binding constants values suggest competition between QUR and ERL to bind to BSA. The binding constant for the BSA-ERL system decreased from 2.07 × 104 to 0.02 × 102 in the presence of QUR. The interaction of ERL with BSA at Site II is ruled out based on the site marker studies. The suggested Site on BSA for interaction with ERL is Site I. Stability of the BSA-ERL system was established with molecular dynamic simulation studies for both Site I and Site III interaction. In addition, the analysis can significantly help evaluate the effect of various quercetin-containing foods and supplements during the ERL-treatment regimen. In vitro binding evaluation provides a cheaper alternative approach to investigate ligand-protein interaction before clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ommalhasan Mohammed Alsalami
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Attwa MW, Abdelhameed AS, Alsaif NA, Kadi AA, AlRabiah H. A validated LC-MS/MS analytical method for the quantification of pemigatinib: metabolic stability evaluation in human liver microsomes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20387-20394. [PMID: 35919584 PMCID: PMC9277622 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemigatinib (PMB) is a small molecule inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), FGFR2 and FGFR3. On April 17, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval for PMB for the treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable metastatic or locally advanced cholangiocarcinoma with a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion or other rearrangement. PMB is considered the first targeted treatment for cholangiocarcinoma approved in the US. In this study, in silico prediction of PMB metabolic stability was done using the WhichP450 module of the StarDrop software package. Further, an LC-MS/MS analytical method was developed for PMB quantification in human liver microsomes (HLM) to experimentally assess metabolic stability. PMB and flavopiridol (FVL), used as an internal standard IS, were resolved using an isocratic mobile phase and a C18 stationary phase. The LC-MS/MS method showed linearity in the range of 5 to 500 ng mL−1 in an HLM matrix (R2 = 0.9995). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5 ng mL−1, indicating sensitivity. The inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision were within a variability of 10, confirming the reproducibility of the method. The measured in vitro half-life and intrinsic clearance of PMB were 27.29 min and 25.40 μL min−1 mg−1, respectively. PMB showed a moderate extraction ratio suggesting good bioavailability. The developed analytical method is the first LC-MS/MS method specific for PMB quantification with application to metabolic stability assessment. PMB showed a moderate extraction ratio suggesting good bioavailability. The developed analytical method is the first LC-MS/MS method specific for PMB quantification with application to metabolic stability assessment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Alsaif NA, Mahdy HA, Alanazi MM, Obaidullah AJ, Alkahtani HM, Al-Hossaini AM, Al-Mehizi AA, Elwan A, Taghour MS. Targeting VEGFR-2 by new quinoxaline derivatives: Design, synthesis, antiproliferative assay, apoptosis induction, and in silico studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100359. [PMID: 34862634 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Twelve new triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-based compounds are reported as anticancer agents with potential effects against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), using sorafenib as a reference molecule. With sorafenib as the positive control, the antiproliferative effects of the synthesized compounds against MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, as well as their VEGFR-2-inhibitory activities, were assessed. The most powerful VEGFR-2 inhibitor was compound 14a, which had an IC50 value of 3.2 nM, which is very close to that of sorafenib (IC50 = 3.12 nM). Furthermore, compounds 14c and 15d showed potential inhibitory activity against VEGFR-2, with IC50 values of 4.8 and 5.4 nM, respectively. Compound 14a caused apoptosis in HepG2 cells and stopped the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. In HepG2 cells, it also increased the levels of the proteases caspase-3 and caspase-9, as well as the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In silico ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) and toxicity experiments revealed that the synthesized agents had acceptable drug-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Al-Mehizi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Egypt
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14
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Alanazi MM, Alaa E, Alsaif NA, Obaidullah AJ, Alkahtani HM, Al-Mehizia AA, Alsubaie SM, Taghour MS, Eissa IH. Discovery of new 3-methylquinoxalines as potential anti-cancer agents and apoptosis inducers targeting VEGFR-2: design, synthesis, and in silico studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1732-1750. [PMID: 34325596 PMCID: PMC8330740 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1945591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to design new anticancer agents that can prevent cancer cell proliferation even with minimal side effects. Accordingly, two new series of 3-methylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one and 3-methylquinoxaline-2-thiol derivatives were designed to act as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The designed derivatives were synthesised and evaluated in vitro as cytotoxic agents against two human cancer cell lines namely, HepG-2 and MCF-7. Also, the synthesised derivatives were assessed for their VEGFR-2inhibitory effect. The most promising member 11e were further investigated to reach a valuable insight about its apoptotic effect through cell cycle and apoptosis analyses. Moreover, deep investigations were carried out for compound 11e using western-plot analyses to detect its effect against some apoptotic and apoptotic parameters including caspase-9, caspase-3, BAX, and Bcl-2. Many in silico investigations including docking, ADMET, toxicity studies were performed to predict binding affinity, pharmacokinetic, drug likeness, and toxicity of the synthesised compounds. The results revealed that compounds 11e, 11g, 12e, 12g, and 12k exhibited promising cytotoxic activities (IC50 range is 2.1 - 9.8 µM), comparing to sorafenib (IC50 = 3.4 and 2.2 µM against MCF-7 and HepG2, respectively). Moreover, 11b, 11f, 11g, 12e, 12f, 12g, and 12k showed the highest VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities (IC50 range is 2.9 - 5.4 µM), comparing to sorafenib (IC50 = 3.07 nM). Additionally, compound 11e had good potential to arrest the HepG2 cell growth at G2/M phase and to induce apoptosis by 49.14% compared to the control cells (9.71%). As well, such compound showed a significant increase in the level of caspase-3 (2.34-fold), caspase-9 (2.34-fold), and BAX (3.14-fold), and a significant decrease in Bcl-2 level (3.13-fold). For in silico studies, the synthesised compounds showed binding mode similar to that of the reference compound (sorafenib).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elwan Alaa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Al-Mehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan M. Alsubaie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Alsaif NA, Taghour MS, Alanazi MM, Obaidullah AJ, Al-Mehizia AA, Alanazi MM, Aldawas S, Elwan A, Elkady H. Discovery of new VEGFR-2 inhibitors based on bis([1, 2, 4]triazolo)[4,3- a:3',4'- c]quinoxaline derivatives as anticancer agents and apoptosis inducers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1093-1114. [PMID: 34056992 PMCID: PMC8168755 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1915303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a new wave of bis([1, 2, 4]triazolo)[4,3-a:3',4'-c]quinoxaline derivatives have been successfully designed and synthesised. The synthesised derivatives were biologically investigated for their cytotoxic activities against HepG2 and MCF-7. Also, the tested compounds were further examined in vitro for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity. The most promising derivative 23j was further investigated for its apoptotic behaviour in HepG2 cell lines using flow cytometric and western-plot analyses. Additional in-silico studies were performed to predict how the synthesised compounds can bind to VEGFR-2 and to determine the drug-likeness profiling of these derivatives. The results revealed that compounds 23a, 23i, 23j, 23l, and 23n displayed the highest antiproliferative activities against the two cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 6.4 to 19.4 µM. Furthermore, compounds 23a, 23d, 23h, 23i, 23j, 23l, 23 m, and 23n showed the highest VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 3.7 to 11.8 nM, comparing to sorafenib (IC50 = 3.12 nM). Moreover, compound 23j arrested the HepG2 cell growth at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis by 40.12% compared to the control cells (7.07%). As well, such compound showed a significant increase in the level of caspase-3 (1.36-fold), caspase-9 (2.80-fold), and BAX (1.65-fold), and exhibited a significant decrease in Bcl-2 level (2.63-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Al-Mehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Aldawas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Alanazi MM, Eissa IH, Alsaif NA, Obaidullah AJ, Alanazi WA, Alasmari AF, Albassam H, Elkady H, Elwan A. Design, synthesis, docking, ADMET studies, and anticancer evaluation of new 3-methylquinoxaline derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1760-1782. [PMID: 34340610 PMCID: PMC8344243 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1956488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) plays a critical role in cancer angiogenesis. Inhibition of VEGFR-2 activity proved effective suppression of tumour propagation. Accordingly, two series of new 3-methylquinoxaline derivatives have been designed and synthesised as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The synthesised derivatives were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against MCF-7and HepG2 cell lines. In addition, the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities of the target compounds were estimated to indicate the potential mechanism of their cytotoxicity. To a great extent, the results of VEGFR-2 inhibition were highly correlated with that of cytotoxicity. Compound 27a was the most potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 nM very close to positive control sorafenib (IC50 = 3.12 nM). Such compound exhibited a strong cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 and HepG2, respectively with IC50 of 7.7 and 4.5 µM in comparison to sorafenib (IC50 = 3.51 and 2.17 µM). In addition, compounds 28, 30f, 30i, and 31b exhibited excellent VEGFR-2 inhibition activities (IC50 range from 4.2 to 6.1 nM) with promising cytotoxic activity. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction were investigated for the most active member 27a. Also, the effect of 27a on the level of caspase-3, caspase-9, and BAX/Bcl-2 ratio was determined. Molecular docking studies were implemented to interpret the binding mode of the target compounds with the VEGFR-2 pocket. Furthermore, toxicity and ADMET calculations were performed for the synthesised compounds to study their pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Albassam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Wani TA, Alsaif NA, Alanazi MM, Bakheit AH, Khan AA, Zargar S. Binding of colchicine and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to bovine serum albumin: An in-vitro interaction study using multispectroscopic, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Alsaif NA, Taghour MS, Alanazi MM, Obaidullah AJ, Alanazi WA, Alasmari A, Albassam H, Dahab MA, Mahdy HA. Identification of new [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines as potent VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and in silico studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116384. [PMID: 34479065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is mainly regulated by VEGFR-2. In this study, a new series of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline based-derivatives has been designed and synthesized to develop new anti-proliferative and anti-VEGFR-2 members. Anti-proliferative activities of the synthesized compounds were tested against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines. Compound 19a exhibited the highest activity towards both MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines (IC50 = 8.2 and 5.4 µM, respectively), compared to sorafenib (IC50 = 3.51 and 2.17 µM, respectively). Additionally, all compounds were screened to evaluate their effect as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Compound 19a (IC50 = 3.4 nM) exhibited good activity compared to sorafenib (IC50 = 3.12 nM). Furthermore, compound 19a disrupted the HepG2 cell cycle by arresting the G2/M phase. Also, marked increase in the percentage apoptotic cells was achieved by compound 19a. The induced apoptotic effect of compound 19a in HepG2 cells was assured by increased pro-apoptotic marker (Bax) expression by 2.33-fold and decreased anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) expression by 1.88-fold, resulting in an elevation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in HepG2 cells. Comparing to the control cells, compound 19a induced an increase in expression of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 by 2.44- and 2.69-fold, respectively. Finally, the binding modes of the target derivatives were investigated through docking studies against the proposed molecular target (VEGFR-2, PDB ID: 2OH4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Albassam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
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19
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Alanazi MM, Elkady H, Alsaif NA, Obaidullah AJ, Alkahtani HM, Alanazi MM, Alharbi MA, Eissa IH, Dahab MA. New quinoxaline-based VEGFR-2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, and antiproliferative evaluation with in silico docking, ADMET, toxicity, and DFT studies. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30315-30328. [PMID: 35493991 PMCID: PMC9044819 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05925d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of 3-methylquinoxaline-based derivatives having the same essential pharmacophoric features as VEGFR-2 inhibitors have been synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against two human cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG-2. Compounds 15b and 17b demonstrated a significant antiproliferative effect with IC50 ranging from 2.3 to 5.8 μM. An enzymatic assay was carried out for all the tested candidates against VEGFR-2. Compound 17b was the most potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor (IC50 = 2.7 nM). Mechanistic investigation including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was performed for compound 17b against HepG-2 cells, and the results revealed that 17b induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Moreover, apoptosis analyses were conducted for compound 17b to evaluate its apoptotic potential. The results showed upregulation in caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels, and improving the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio by more than 10-fold. Docking studies were performed to determine the possible interaction with the VEGFR-2 active site. Further docking studies were carried out for compound 17b against cytochrome P450 to present such compounds as non-inhibitors. In silico ADMET, toxicity, and physico-chemical properties revealed that most of the synthesized members have acceptable values of drug-likeness. Finally, DFT studies were carried out to calculate the thermodynamic, molecular orbital and electrostatic potential properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11541 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11541 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11541 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11541 Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11541 Saudi Arabia
| | - Madhawi A Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11541 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
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Obaidullah AJ, Alanazi MM, Alsaif NA, Albassam H, Almehizia AA, Alqahtani AM, Mahmud S, Sami SA, Emran TB. Immunoinformatics-guided design of a multi-epitope vaccine based on the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18103-18121. [PMID: 35480208 PMCID: PMC9033181 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02885e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulting in a contagious respiratory tract infection that has become a global burden since the end of 2019. Notably, fewer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 progress from acute disease onset to death compared with the progression rate associated with two other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Several research organizations and pharmaceutical industries have attempted to develop successful vaccine candidates for the prevention of COVID-19. However, increasing evidence indicates that the SARS-CoV-2 genome undergoes frequent mutation; thus, an adequate analysis of the viral strain remains necessary to construct effective vaccines. The current study attempted to design a multi-epitope vaccine by utilizing an approach based on the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. We predicted the antigenic T- and B-lymphocyte responses to four structural proteins after screening all structural proteins according to specific characteristics. The predicted epitopes were combined using suitable adjuvants and linkers, and a secondary structure profile indicated that the vaccine shared similar properties with the native protein. Importantly, the molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the constructed vaccine possessed a high affinity for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In addition, multiple descriptors were obtained from the simulation trajectories, including the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), and radius of gyration (R g), demonstrating the rigid nature and inflexibility of the vaccine and receptor molecules. In addition, codon optimization, based on Escherichia coli K12, was used to determine the GC content and the codon adaptation index (CAI) value, which further followed for the incorporation into the cloning vector pET28+(a). Collectively, these findings suggested that the constructed vaccine could be used to modulate the immune reaction against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Albassam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Abha 62529 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafi Mahmud
- Microbiology Laboratory, Bioinformatics Division, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Saad Ahmed Sami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong Chittagong 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh Chittagong 4381 Bangladesh
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Eissa IH, Dahab MA, Ibrahim MK, Alsaif NA, Alanazi AZ, Eissa SI, Mehany ABM, Beauchemin AM. Design and discovery of new antiproliferative 1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-ones as tubulin polymerization inhibitors targeting colchicine binding site. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104965. [PMID: 34020238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-five new colchicine binding site inhibitors have been designed and synthesized based on the 1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one nucleus. Such molecules were synthesized through a cascade reaction between readily accessible α-amino ketones and phenyl carbazate as a masked N-isocyanate precursor. The synthesized derivatives are cisoid restricted combretastatin A4 analogues containing 1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one in place of the olefinic bond, and they have the same essential pharmacophoric features of colchicine binding site inhibitors. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antiproliferative activities against a panel of three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG-2, and HCT-116), using colchicine as a positive control. Among them, two compounds 5i and 6i demonstrated a significant antiproliferative effect against all cell lines with IC50 ranging from 8.2 - 18.2 µM. Further investigation was carried out for the most active cytotoxic agents as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Compounds 5i and 6i effectively inhibited microtubule assembly with IC50 values ranging from 3.9 to 7.8 µM. Tubulin polymerization assay results were found to be comparable with the cytotoxicity results. The cell cycle analysis revealed significant G2/M cell cycle arrest of the analogue 5i in HepG-2 cells. The most active compounds 4i, 4j, 5 g, 5i and 6i did not induce significant cell death in normal human lung cells Wl-38, suggesting their selectivity against cancer cells. Also, These compounds upregulated the level of active caspase-3 and boosted the levels of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax by five to seven folds in comparison to the control. Moreover, apoptosis analyses were conducted for compound 5i to evaluate its apoptotic potential. Finally, in silico studies were conducted to reveal the probable interaction with the colchicine binding site. ADME prediction study of the designed compounds showed that they are not only with promising tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity but also with favorable pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada.
| | - Mohamed K Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Z Alanazi
- Department of pharmacology and toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally I Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - André M Beauchemin
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
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Alanazi MM, Mahdy HA, Alsaif NA, Obaidullah AJ, Alkahtani HM, Al-Mehizia AA, Alsubaie SM, Dahab MA, Eissa IH. New bis([1,2,4]triazolo)[4,3-a:3',4'-c]quinoxaline derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers: Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and anticancer evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104949. [PMID: 34023640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new series of bis([1,2,4]triazolo)[4,3-a:3',4'-c]quinoxaline derivatives were designed and synthesized to have the main essential pharmacophoric features of VEGFR-2 inhibitors. VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities were assessed for the designed compounds. In addition, cytotoxic activity was evaluated for all derivatives against two human cancer cell lines namely, HepG-2 and MCF-7. The most cytotoxic compound 20 h was subjected to further biological investigations including cell cycle, apoptosis, caspase-3, caspase-9, BAX, and Bcl-2 analyses. Different in silico studies as docking, ADMET and toxicity were carried out. The results exhibited that compounds 20b, 20e, 20h and20mshowed promising VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities with IC50values of 5.7, 6.7, 3.2, and 3.1 µM, respectively. Moreover, these promising members exhibited the highest antiproliferative activities against the two cell lines with IC50values ranging from 3.3 to 14.2 µM, comparing to sorafenib (IC50 = 2.17 and 3.43 µM against HepG2 and MCF-7, respectively). Additionally, compound 20h induced cell cycle arrest of HepG2 cells at G2/M phase. Also, such compound increased the progress of apoptosis by 3.5-fold compared to the control. As well, compound 20h showed a significant increase in the level of caspase-3 (2.07-fold), caspase-9 (1.72-fold), and BAX (1.83-fold), and a significant decrease in Bcl-2 level (1.92-fold). The in silico studies revealed that the synthesized compounds have binding pattern like that of sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Al-Mehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan M Alsubaie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
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Darwish IA, Khalil NY, Alsaif NA, Herqash RN, Sayed AYA, Abdel-Rahman HM. Charge-Transfer Complex of Linifanib with 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Computational Molecular Modelling and Application in the Development of Novel 96-microwell Spectrophotometric Assay. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:1167-1180. [PMID: 33737805 PMCID: PMC7966300 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s296502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Linifanib (LFB) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and other types of cancer. The charge-transfer (CT) interaction of LFB is important in studying its receptor binding mechanisms and useful in the development of a reliable CT-based spectrophotometric assay for LFB in its pharmaceutical formulation to assure its therapeutic benefits. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the CT reaction of LFB with 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and its application in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. Methods The reaction was investigated, its conditions were optimized, the physicochemical and constants of the CT complex and stoichiometric ratio of the complex were determined. The solid-state LFB-DDQ complex was synthesized and its structure was analyzed by UV-visible, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques, and also by the computational molecular modeling. The reaction was employed in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. Results The reaction resulted in the formation of a red-colored product, and the spectrophotometric investigations confirmed that the reaction had a CT nature. The molar absorptivity of the complex was linearly correlated with the dielectric constant and polarity index of the solvent; the correlation coefficients were 0.9526 and 0.9459, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of LFB:DDQ was 1:2. The spectroscopic and computational data confirmed the sites of interaction on the LFB molecule, and accordingly, the reaction mechanism was postulated. The reaction was utilized in the development of the first 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 1.31 and 3.96 μg/well, respectively. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of LFB in its bulk and tablets with high accuracy and precision. Conclusion The assay is simple, rapid, accurate, eco-friendly as it consumes low volumes of organic solvent, and has high analysis throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed N Herqash
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plant Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Y A Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Banisuef, Egypt
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Alsaif NA, Dahab MA, Alanazi MM, Obaidullah AJ, Al-Mehizia AA, Alanazi MM, Aldawas S, Mahdy HA, Elkady H. New quinoxaline derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors with anticancer and apoptotic activity: Design, molecular modeling, and synthesis. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104807. [PMID: 33721808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New series of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-one and [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and biologically assessed for their anti-proliferative activities against two selected tumor cell lines MCF-7 and HepG2. Comparing to sorafenib (IC50 = 2.17 ± 0.13 and 3.51 ± 0.21 µM against MCF-7 and HepG2, respectively), compound 25d, 25e, 25i, and 27e exhibited the highest activities against the examined cell lines with IC50 values extending from 4.1 ± 0.4 to 11.7 ± 1.1 µM. Furthermore, VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities were assessed for all the synthesized compounds as potential mechanisms for their anti-proliferative activities. Compounds 25d, 25e, 25i, and 27e displayed prominent inhibitory efficiency versus VEGFR-2 kinase with IC50 value ranging from 3.4 ± 0.3 to 6.8 ± 0.5 nM. Fascinatingly, the results of VEGFR-2 inhibitory assays were matched with that of the cytotoxicity data, where the most potent anti-proliferative derivatives exhibited promising VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities. Further studies displayed the ability of compound 25d to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells and can arrest the growth of such cells at the G2/M phase. Also, compound 25d produced a significant increase in the level of BAX/Bcl-2 ratio (3.8-fold), caspase- 3 (1.8-fold), and caspase-9 (1.9-fold) compared to the control cells. Molecular docking studies were carried out to investigate the possible binding interaction inside the active site of the VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf A Alsaif
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Al-Mehizia
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Aldawas
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
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Al-Sanea MM, Obaidullah AJ, Shaker ME, Chilingaryan G, Alanazi MM, Alsaif NA, Alkahtani HM, Alsubaie SA, Abdelgawad MA. A New CDK2 Inhibitor with 3-Hydrazonoindolin-2-One Scaffold Endowed with Anti-Breast Cancer Activity: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Insights. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020412. [PMID: 33466812 PMCID: PMC7830330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate mammalian cell cycle progression and RNA transcription. Based on the structural analysis of previously reported CDK2 inhibitors, a new compound with 3-hydrazonoindolin-2-one scaffold (HI 5) was well designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as a promising anti-breast cancer hit compound. Methods: The potential anti-cancerous effect of HI 5 was evaluated using cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle distribution, ELISA immunoassay, in vitro CDK2/cyclin A2 activity, and molecular operating environment (MOE) virtual docking studies. Results: The results revealed that HI 5 exhibits pronounced CDK2 inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. The cytotoxicity of HI 5 was found to be intrinsically mediated apoptosis, which in turn, is associated with low Bcl-2 expression and high activation of caspase 3 and p53. Besides, HI 5 blocked the proliferation of the MCF-7 cell line and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The docking studies did not confirm which one of geometric isomers (syn and anti) is responsible for binding affinity and intrinsic activity of HI 5. However, the molecular dynamic studies have confirmed that the syn-isomer has more favorable binding interaction and thus is responsible for CDK2 inhibitory activity. Discussion: These findings displayed a substantial basis of synthesizing further derivatives based on the 3-hydrazonoindolin-2-one scaffold for favorable targeting of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.M.A.-S.); (A.J.O.); Tel.: +966-594076460 (M.M.A.-S.)
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (S.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.A.-S.); (A.J.O.); Tel.: +966-594076460 (M.M.A.-S.)
| | - Mohamed E. Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Garri Chilingaryan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan 0051, Armenia;
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Sultan A. Alsubaie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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26
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Bhat MA, Al-Omar MA, Alsaif NA, Almehizia AA, Naglah AM, Razak S, Khan AA, Ashraf NM. Novel sulindac derivatives: synthesis, characterisation, evaluation of antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenic and COX-2 inhibition activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:921-934. [PMID: 32238055 PMCID: PMC7170310 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1746783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of N′-(substituted phenyl)-2-(1-(4-(methylsulfinyl) benzylidene)−5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl) acetohydrazide derivatives (1 – 25) were prepared in good yields in an efficient manner. All the compounds were fully characterised by the elemental analysis and spectral data. Synthesised compounds were evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH method. Compounds 7 (R = 3-methoxyphenyl), 3 (R = 4-dimethylaminophenyl) and 23 (R = 2,4,5-trimethoxy phenyl) substitutions were found to be having highly potent antioxidant activity. Compound 3, with para dimethylaminophenyl substitution was found to be having highest antioxidant activity. It was further evaluated in vivo for various analgesic, anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenic and COX-2 inhibitory activity in different animal models. Lead compound 3 was found to be significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. It was also evaluated for ulcerogenic activity and demonstrated significant ulcerogenic reduction activity in ethanol and indomethacin model. The LD50 of compound 3 was found to be 131 mg/kg. The animals treated with compound 3 prior to cisplatin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in COX-2 protein expression when compared to cisplatin-treated group. Sulindac derivative with para dimethylaminophenyl substitution was found to be the most potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent as well as with significant gastric sparing activity as compared to standard drug sulindac. Compound 3 significantly downregulated liver tissue COX‐2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq A Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research, Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
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Alsaif NA, Wani TA, Bakheit AH, Zargar S. Multi-spectroscopic investigation, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation of competitive interactions between flavonoids (quercetin and rutin) and sorafenib for binding to human serum albumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2451-2461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Darwish IA, Al-Majed AA, Alsaif NA, Bakheit AH, Herqash RN, Alzaid A. Darunavir: A comprehensive profile. Profiles Drug Subst Excip Relat Methodol 2020; 46:1-50. [PMID: 33461696 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Darunavir: (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl [(2S,3R)-4-{[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl] (isobutyl)amino}-3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-butanyl]carbamate is a synthetic non-peptide protease inhibitor. On June 2006, it was first approved by the Food and Drug administration (FDA) for treatment of resistant type-1 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In July 2016, the FDA expanded the approval for use of darunavir in pregnant women with HIV infection. Darunavir prevents the replication of HIV virus by inhibiting the catalytic activity of the HIV-1 protease enzyme, and selectively inhibits the cleavage of HIV encoded Gag-Pol polyproteins in virus-infected cells, which prevents the formation of mature infectious virus particles. Darunavir is unique among currently available protease inhibitors because it maintains antiretroviral activity against a variety of multidrug-resistant HIV strains. This article discusses, by a critical extensive review of the literature, the description of darunavir in terms of its names, formulae, elemental composition, appearance, and use in the treatment of HIV-infected patients. The article also discusses the methods for preparation of darunavir, its physical-chemical properties, analytical methods for its determination, pharmacological properties, and dosing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Abdulrahman A Al-Majed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rashed N Herqash
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plant Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alzaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alsaif NA, Al-Mehizia AA, Bakheit AH, Zargar S, Wani TA. A Spectroscopic, Thermodynamic and Molecular Docking Study of the Binding Mechanism of Dapoxetine with Calf Thymus DNA. S Afr j chem 2020. [DOI: 10.17159/0379-4350/2020/v73a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Alanazi MM, Almehizia AA, Bakheit AH, Alsaif NA, Alkahtani HM, Wani TA. Mechanistic interaction study of 5,6-Dichloro-2-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]isoindoline-1,3-dione with bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 27:341-347. [PMID: 30976176 PMCID: PMC6438701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthesized and promising biologically hypoglycemic compound 5,6-Dichloro-2-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]isoindoline-1,3-dione (5e) was studied for its binding to a model protein (bovine serum albumin; BSA) by spectroscopic and molecular simulation approaches. Fluorescence studies revealed that 5e quenched BSA’s intrinsic fluorescence by static quenching. The experiments were performed at three different temperatures and the quenching constants and binding constants were evaluated. Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv) values decreased from 1.36 × 104 to 1.20 × 104 as the temperature increased suggesting static quenching involvement in the interaction. Decreased binding constants from 1.70 × 104 to 4.57 × 103 at higher temperatures indicated instability of the complex at rising temperatures. Site I (subdomain IIA) of BSA was found to interact with 5e. The thermodynamic results showed the binding interaction was spontaneous and enthalpy driven. The secondary structure alterations in BSA due to interaction with 5e were studied by UV–visible, synchronous fluorescence, and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. The results indicate the 5e binds effectively to the BSA and thus, this study can be useful in further exploring the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 5e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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