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Poongodi R, Yang TH, Huang YH, Yang KD, Chen HZ, Chu TY, Wang TY, Lin HC, Cheng JK. Stem cell exosome-loaded Gelfoam improves locomotor dysfunction and neuropathic pain in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:143. [PMID: 38764049 PMCID: PMC11103960 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating illness in humans that causes permanent loss of movement or sensation. To treat SCI, exosomes, with their unique benefits, can circumvent limitations through direct stem cell transplantation. Therefore, we utilized Gelfoam encapsulated with exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSC-EX) in a rat SCI model. METHODS SCI model was established through hemisection surgery in T9 spinal cord of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Exosome-loaded Gelfoam was implanted into the lesion site. An in vivo uptake assay using labeled exosomes was conducted on day 3 post-implantation. Locomotor functions and gait analyses were assessed using Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and DigiGait Imaging System from weeks 1 to 8. Nociceptive responses were evaluated through von Frey filament and noxious radiant heat tests. The therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms were analyzed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining at week 8 post-SCI. RESULTS For the in vivo exosome uptake assay, we observed the uptake of labeled exosomes by NeuN+, Iba1+, GFAP+, and OLIG2+ cells around the injured area. Exosome treatment consistently increased the BBB score from 1 to 8 weeks compared with the Gelfoam-saline and SCI control groups. Additionally, exosome treatment significantly improved gait abnormalities including right-to-left hind paw contact area ratio, stance/stride, stride length, stride frequency, and swing duration, validating motor function recovery. Immunostaining and Western blotting revealed high expression of NF200, MBP, GAP43, synaptophysin, and PSD95 in exosome treatment group, indicating the promotion of nerve regeneration, remyelination, and synapse formation. Interestingly, exosome treatment reduced SCI-induced upregulation of GFAP and CSPG. Furthermore, levels of Bax, p75NTR, Iba1, and iNOS were reduced around the injured area, suggesting anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Moreover, exosome treatment alleviated SCI-induced pain behaviors and reduced pain-associated proteins (BDNF, TRPV1, and Cav3.2). Exosomal miRNA analysis revealed several promising therapeutic miRNAs. The cell culture study also confirmed the neurotrophic effect of HucMSCs-EX. CONCLUSION Implantation of HucMSCs-EX-encapsulated Gelfoam improves SCI-induced motor dysfunction and neuropathic pain, possibly through its capabilities in nerve regeneration, remyelination, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Overall, exosomes could serve as a promising therapeutic alternative for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Poongodi
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsien Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan
| | - Kuender D Yang
- Institute of Long-Term Care, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Zhao Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tsuei-Yu Chu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Yeuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS 2 B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan.
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Sharma H, Dar TA, Wijayasinghe YS, Sahoo D, Poddar NK. Nano-Osmolyte Conjugation: Tailoring the Osmolyte-Protein Interactions at the Nanoscale. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47367-47379. [PMID: 38144115 PMCID: PMC10733987 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Osmolytes are small organic compounds accumulated at higher concentrations in the cell under various stress conditions like high temperature, high salt, high pressure, etc. Osmolytes mainly include four major classes of compounds including sugars, polyols, methylamines, and amino acids and their derivatives. In addition to their ability to maintain protein stability and folding, these osmolytes, also termed as chemical chaperones, can prevent protein misfolding and aggregation. Although being efficient protein folders and stabilizers, these osmolytes exhibit certain unavoidable limitations such as nearly molar concentrations of osmolytes being required for their effect, which is quite difficult to achieve inside a cell or in the extracellular matrix due to nonspecificity and limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier system and reduced bioavailability. These limitations can be overcome to a certain extent by using smart delivery platforms for the targeted delivery of osmolytes to the site of action. In this context, osmolyte-functionalized nanoparticles, termed nano-osmolytes, enhance the protein stabilization and chaperone efficiency of osmolytes up to 105 times in certain cases. For example, sugars, polyols, and amino acid functionalized based nano-osmolytes have shown tremendous potential in preventing protein aggregation. The enhanced potential of nano-osmolytes can be attributed to their high specificity at low concentrations, high tunability, amphiphilicity, multivalent complex formation, and efficient drug delivery system. Keeping in view the promising potential of nano-osmolytes conjugation in tailoring the osmolyte-protein interactions, as compared to their molecular forms, the present review summarizes the recent advancements of the nano-osmolytes that enhance the protein stability/folding efficiency and ability to act as artificial chaperones with increased potential to prevent protein misfolding disorders. Some of the potential nano-osmolyte aggregation inhibitors have been highlighted for large-scale screening with future applications in aggregation disorders. The synthesis of nano-osmolytes by numerous approaches and future perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Sharma
- Department
of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Highway, Dehmi
Kalan, Near GVK Toll Plaza, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, University of
Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | | | - Dibakar Sahoo
- School
of Physics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, Odisha, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department
of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Highway, Dehmi
Kalan, Near GVK Toll Plaza, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
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Araújo-Silva H, Teixeira PV, Gomes AC, Lúcio M, Lopes CM. Lyotropic liquid crystalline 2D and 3D mesophases: Advanced materials for multifunctional anticancer nanosystems. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189011. [PMID: 37923232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality. Despite significant breakthroughs in conventional therapies, treatment is still far from ideal due to high toxicity in normal tissues and therapeutic inefficiency caused by short drug lifetime in the body and resistance mechanisms. Current research moves towards the development of multifunctional nanosystems for delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, bioactives and/or radionuclides that can be combined with other therapeutic modalities, like gene therapy, or imaging to use in therapeutic screening and diagnosis. The preparation and characterization of Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline (LLC) mesophases self-assembled as 2D and 3D structures are addressed, with an emphasis on the unique properties of these nanoassemblies. A comprehensive review of LLC nanoassemblies is also presented, highlighting the most recent advances and their outstanding advantages as drug delivery systems, including tailoring strategies that can be used to overcome cancer challenges. Therapeutic agents loaded in LLC nanoassemblies offer qualitative and quantitative enhancements that are superior to conventional chemotherapy, particularly in terms of preferential accumulation at tumor sites and promoting enhanced cancer cell uptake, lowering tumor volume and weight, improving survival rates, and increasing the cytotoxicity of their loaded therapeutic agents. In terms of quantitative anticancer efficacy, loaded LLC nanoassemblies reduced the IC50 values from 1.4-fold against lung cancer cells to 125-fold against ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Araújo-Silva
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Patricia V Teixeira
- Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia C Gomes
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Marlene Lúcio
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Carla M Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento (FP-I3ID), Biomedical and Health Sciences Research Unit (FP-BHS), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Tsichlis I, Manou AP, Manolopoulou V, Matskou K, Chountoulesi M, Pletsa V, Xenakis A, Demetzos C. Development of Liposomal and Liquid Crystalline Lipidic Nanoparticles with Non-Ionic Surfactants for Quercetin Incorporation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5509. [PMID: 37629800 PMCID: PMC10456281 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is the development, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of both empty and quercetin-loaded HSPC (hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine) liposomes, GMO (glyceryl monooleate) liquid crystalline nanoparticles, and PHYT (phytantriol) liquid crystalline nanoparticles. Specifically, HSPC phospholipids were mixed with different non-ionic surfactant molecules (Tween 80 and/or Span 80) for liposomal formulations, whereas both GMO and PHYT lipids were mixed with Span 80 and Tween 80 as alternative stabilizers, as well as with Poloxamer P407 in different ratios for liquid crystalline formulations. Subsequently, their physicochemical properties, such as size, size distribution, and ζ-potential were assessed by the dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering (DLS/ELS) techniques in both aqueous and biological medium with serum proteins. The in vitro biological evaluation of the empty nanosystems was performed by using the MTT cell viability and proliferation assay. Finally, the entrapment efficiency of quercetin was calculated and the differences between the two different categories of lipidic nanoparticles were highlighted. According to the results, the incorporation of the non-ionic surfactants yields a successful stabilization and physicochemical stability of both liposomal and liquid crystalline nanoparticles. Moreover, in combination with an appropriate biosafety in vitro profile, increased encapsulation efficiency of quercetin was achieved. Overall, the addition of surfactants improved the nanosystem's stealth properties. In conclusion, the results indicate that the physicochemical properties were strictly affected by the formulation parameters, such as the type of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsichlis
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (A.-P.M.); (V.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Athanasia-Paraskevi Manou
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (A.-P.M.); (V.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Vasiliki Manolopoulou
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (A.-P.M.); (V.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Konstantina Matskou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (V.P.); (A.X.)
| | - Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (A.-P.M.); (V.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Vasiliki Pletsa
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (V.P.); (A.X.)
| | - Aristotelis Xenakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (V.P.); (A.X.)
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (A.-P.M.); (V.M.); (C.D.)
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Teixeira PV, Adega F, Martins-Lopes P, Machado R, Lopes CM, Lúcio M. pH-Responsive Hybrid Nanoassemblies for Cancer Treatment: Formulation Development, Optimization, and In Vitro Therapeutic Performance. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020326. [PMID: 36839648 PMCID: PMC9966415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Current needs for increased drug delivery carrier efficacy and specificity in cancer necessitate the adoption of intelligent materials that respond to environmental stimuli. Therefore, we developed and optimized pH-triggered drug delivery nanoassemblies that exhibit an increased release of doxorubicin (DOX) in acidic conditions typical of cancer tissues and endosomal vesicles (pH 5.5) while exhibiting significantly lower release under normal physiological conditions (pH 7.5), indicating the potential to reduce cytotoxicity in healthy cells. The hybrid (polymeric/lipid) composition of the lyotropic non-lamellar liquid crystalline (LNLCs) nanoassemblies demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency of the drug (>90%) and high drug loading content (>7%) with colloidal stability lasting at least 4 weeks. Confocal microscopy revealed cancer cellular uptake and DOX-loaded LNLCs accumulation near the nucleus of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, with a large number of cells appearing to be in apoptosis. DOX-loaded LNLCs have also shown higher citotoxicity in cancer cell lines (MDA-MB 231 and HepG2 cell lines after 24 h and in NCI-H1299 cell line after 48 h) when compared to free drug. After 24 h, free DOX was found to have higher cytotoxicity than DOX-loaded LNLCs and empty LNLCs in the normal cell line. Overall, the results demonstrate that DOX-loaded LNLCs have the potential to be explored in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia V. Teixeira
- CF-UM-UP—Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- DNA & RNA Sensing Lab, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Blocos Laboratoriais Ed, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filomena Adega
- CAG—Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Martins-Lopes
- DNA & RNA Sensing Lab, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Blocos Laboratoriais Ed, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raul Machado
- CBMA—Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- IB-S—Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla M. Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento (FP-I3ID), Biomedical and Health Sciences Research Unit (FP-BHS), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Marlene Lúcio
- CF-UM-UP—Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- CBMA—Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.L.); (M.L.)
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Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles Conjugated with Dexamethasone Prevent Cisplatin Ototoxicity In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314881. [PMID: 36499206 PMCID: PMC9741167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugation of drugs with nanoparticles represents an innovative approach for controlled and targeted administration of therapeutic agents. Nanoparticle-based systems have been tested for the inner ear therapy, increasing the drug diffusion and being detected in all parts of the cochlea when locally applied near the round window. In this study, glycerol monooleate liquid crystalline NanoParticles were conjugated with Dexamethasone (NPD), a hydrophobic drug already used for inner ear treatments but defective in solubility and bioavailability. NPD has been tested in vitro in the cell line OC-k3, a model of sensory cells of the inner ear, and the therapeutic efficacy has been evaluated against cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic compound known to induce ototoxicity. After comparing the physical chemical characteristics of NPD to the equivalent naïve nanoparticles, an initial investigation was carried out into the nanoparticle's uptake in OC-k3 cells, which takes place within a few hours of treatment without causing toxic damage up to a concentration of 50 µg/mL. The NPD delivered the dexamethasone inside the cells at a significantly increased rate compared to the equivalent free drug administration, increasing the half-life of the therapeutic compound within the cell. Concerning the co-treatment with cisplatin, the NPD significantly lowered the cisplatin cytotoxicity after 48 h of administration, preventing cell apoptosis. To confirm this result, also cell morphology, cell cycle and glucocorticoids receptor expression were investigated. In conclusion, the NPD system has thus preliminarily shown the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of treatments delivered in the inner ear and prevent drug-induced ototoxicity.
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Tao L, Tan H, Qiao X, Li L, Yu Y, Xie J, Chen D. Emerging Plasticizers in South China House Dust and Hand Wipes: Calling for Potential Concern? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12190-12199. [PMID: 35975842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Following regulations on legacy plasticizers, a large variety of industrial chemicals have been employed as substitutes to manufacture consumer products. However, knowledge remains limited on their environmental distributions, fate, and human exposure risks. In the present work, we screened for a total of 34 emerging plasticizers in house dust from South China and matched hand wipes collected from volunteers (n = 49 pairs). The results revealed a frequent detection of 27 emerging plasticizers in house dust, with the total concentrations reaching a median level of 106 700 ng/g. Thirteen of them had never been investigated by any environmental studies prior to our work, which included glycerol monooleate (median: 61 600 ng/g), methyl oleate (16 400 ng/g), butyl oleate (411 ng/g), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (341 ng/g), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (105 ng/g), isopropyl myristate (154 ng/g), di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (69.1 ng/g), triisononyl trimellitate (64.4 ng/g), as well as a few others. Emerging plasticizers were also frequently detected in hand wipes, with a median total level of 4680 ng, indicating potential exposure via hand-to-mouth contact. Several chemicals, including acetyl tributyl citrate, tributyl citrate, di-n-butyl maleate, isopropyl myristate, and isopropyl palmitate, exhibited significant correlations between dust and hand wipe. However, other plasticizers did not follow this pattern, and the chemical compositional profiles differed between dust and hand wipe, suggesting chemical-specific sources and exposure pathways. Although the estimation of daily intake (EDI) indicated no substantial risks through dust ingestion or hand-to-mouth transfer of emerging plasticizers, continuous monitoring is needed to explore whether some of the important plasticizers are safe replacements or regrettable substitutions of the legacy ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tao
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongli Tan
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinhang Qiao
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liangzhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Neuron Compatibility and Antioxidant Activity of Barium Titanate and Lithium Niobate Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031761. [PMID: 35163681 PMCID: PMC8836423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biocompatibility and the antioxidant activity of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and lithium niobate (LiNbO3) were investigated on a neuronal cell line, the PC12, to explore the possibility of using piezoelectric nanoparticles in the treatment of inner ear diseases, avoiding damage to neurons, the most delicate and sensitive human cells. The cytocompatibility of the compounds was verified by analysing cell viability, cell morphology, apoptotic markers, oxidative stress and neurite outgrowth. The results showed that BaTiO3 and LiNbO3 nanoparticles do not affect the viability, morphological features, cytochrome c distribution and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PC12 cells, and stimulate neurite branching. These data suggest the biocompatibility of BaTiO3 and LiNbO3 nanoparticles, and that they could be suitable candidates to improve the efficiency of new implantable hearing devices without damaging the neuronal cells.
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Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Enhance PC12 Cell Function through the Activation of the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:2229477. [PMID: 34691190 PMCID: PMC8536463 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2229477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells has been considered as an auspicious treatment for repairing nerve injuries. The rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) is one of the traditional models for the study of neuronal differentiation and neuroregeneration in vitro. However, the effects of adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-exo) on PC12 cells remain unclear and to be elucidated. In our study, the effects of ADSC-exo on PC12 cells were investigated. ADSC-exo were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, flow nanoanalysis, and western blot. The effects of ADSC-exo on PC12 cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and the protein levels were analyzed using CCK-8 assay and EdU incorporation assay, transwell migration assay and scratch wound assay, flow cytometry, and western blot, respectively. We successfully isolated and purified exosomes from ADSC supernatant and found that ADSC-exo treatment significantly promoted PC12 cell proliferation and migration, inhibited their apoptosis, and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway, while PI3K/AKT signaling repression using LY294002 exhibited the opposite effects. The results showed that ADSC-exo promoted proliferation and migration and inhibited apoptosis of PC12 through the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus, the effect of ADSC-exo on PC12 cells may suggest ADSC-exo may be a promising therapeutic for nerve damage.
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Simoni E, Valente F, Boge L, Eriksson M, Gentilin E, Candito M, Cazzador D, Astolfi L. Biocompatibility of glycerol monooleate nanoparticles as tested on inner ear cells. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Glucocorticoids Protect Auditory Cells from Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091464. [PMID: 31540035 PMCID: PMC6780793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that causes the irreversible death of auditory sensory cells, leading to hearing loss. Local administration of cytoprotective drugs is a potentially better option co-therapy for cisplatin, but there are strong limitations due to the difficulty of accessing the inner ear. The use of nanocarriers for the efficient delivery of drugs to auditory cells is a novel approach for this problem. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are biodegradable and biocompatible nanocarriers with low solubility in aqueous media. We show here that stearic acid-based SLNs have the adequate particle size, polydispersity index and ζ-potential, to be considered optimal nanocarriers for drug delivery. Stearic acid-based SLNs were loaded with the fluorescent probe rhodamine to show that they are efficiently incorporated by auditory HEI-OC1 (House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1) cells. SLNs were not ototoxic over a wide dose range. Glucocorticoids are used to decrease cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Therefore, to test SLNs’ drug delivery efficiency, dexamethasone and hydrocortisone were tested either alone or loaded into SLNs and tested in a cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in vitro assay. Our results indicate that the encapsulation in SLNs increases the protective effect of low doses of hydrocortisone and lengthens the survival of HEI-OC1 cells treated with cisplatin.
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