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Sun W, Rantanen J, Genina N. Lessons to Learn for 3D Printing of Drug Products by Semisolid Extrusion (SSE). J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2957-2966. [PMID: 38852672 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Semisolid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing (3DP) technology is emerging due to its simplicity and potential for on-site manufacturing of personalized drug products with tailored functionality (dose, release profile), as well as recognizability (size, shape, color). However, even a minor change in the composition of the ink (the feedstock material) and the printing process parameters can largely influence the outcome of printing. This paper summarizes the recent SSE 3DP studies, where the important factors affecting the quality of the printed drug products are discussed. Further challenges are showcased by introducing a case study focusing on the design of oral theophylline immediate-release drug products. The identified crucial factors, such as the printing hardware and connected software, printing parameters, and composition of the ink are discussed. Especially, the rheological properties of the ink during the printing process, together with solidification, mechanical properties, and morphology studies of already printed products are deliberated to gain more understanding of the printability of drug products by SSE. This work aims to provide an overview of design aspects related to SSE-based fabrication of personalized drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weining Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Jewell CM, Stones JA. Rise of the (3D printing) machines in healthcare. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124462. [PMID: 39002819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) or "additive manufacturing" first came to prominence in the field of engineering, in particular in the transport sector where the value of its fast and accurate prototyping and manufacture of spare parts was quickly recognised. However, over the last ten years, this revolutionary technology has disrupted established manufacture in an increasingly diverse range of technical areas. Perhaps the most unexpected of these is pharmaceuticals - not merely the manufacture of products such as surgically inserted implants, but also of dosage formulations themselves - now available in all manner of printed delivery forms and vehicles and showing promising control of release properties though 3D printing process choices. This review will provide an overview of how 3D printing technology has developed and expanded across technological boundaries during the past decade, with a closer look at the current opportunities and barriers to its widespread adoption, particularly in the medical and pharmaceutical sectors. Special attention has been paid to patents as a boost and barrier to the expansion of 3D printing in the medical and pharmaceutical sector, with a focus on the patent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Jewell
- Beck Greener LLP, Fulwood House, 12 Fulwood Place, London WC1V 6HR, United Kingdom.
| | - James A Stones
- Beck Greener LLP, Fulwood House, 12 Fulwood Place, London WC1V 6HR, United Kingdom
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3
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Abdalla Y, Ferianc M, Awad A, Kim J, Elbadawi M, Basit AW, Orlu M, Rodrigues M. Smart laser Sintering: Deep Learning-Powered powder bed fusion 3D printing in precision medicine. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124440. [PMID: 38972521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Medicines remain ineffective for over 50% of patients due to conventional mass production methods with fixed drug dosages. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, specifically selective laser sintering (SLS), offers a potential solution to this challenge, allowing the manufacturing of small, personalized batches of medication. Despite its simplicity and suitability for upscaling to large-scale production, SLS was not designed for pharmaceutical manufacturing and necessitates a time-consuming, trial-and-error adaptation process. In response, this study introduces a deep learning model trained on a variety of features to identify the best feature set to represent drugs and polymeric materials for the prediction of the printability of drug-loaded formulations using SLS. The proposed model demonstrates success by achieving 90% accuracy in predicting printability. Furthermore, explainability analysis unveils materials that facilitate SLS printability, offering invaluable insights for scientists to optimize SLS formulations, which can be expanded to other disciplines. This represents the first study in the field to develop an interpretable, uncertainty-optimized deep learning model for predicting the printability of drug-loaded formulations. This paves the way for accelerating formulation development, propelling us into a future of personalized medicine with unprecedented manufacturing precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abdalla
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Martin Ferianc
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Atheer Awad
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Jeesu Kim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Moe Elbadawi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Miguel Rodrigues
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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4
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Ahola I, Raijada D, Cornett C, Bøtker J, Rantanen J, Genina N. Tailor-Made Doses of Pharmaceuticals by Tunable Modular Design: A Case Study on Tapering Antidepressant Medication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403852. [PMID: 38696202 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An abrupt cessation of antidepressant medication can be challenging due to the appearance of withdrawal symptoms. A slow hyperbolic tapering of an antidepressant, such as citalopram hydrobromide (CHB), can mitigate the withdrawal syndrome. However, there are no viable dosage forms on the market to implement the tapering scheme. A solution using a tunable modular design (TMD) approach to produce flexible and accurate doses of CHB is proposed. This design consists of two parts: 1) a module with a fixed amount of preloaded CHB in a freeze-dried polymer matrix, and 2) fine-tuning the CHB dose by inkjet printing. A noncontact food-grade printer, used for the first time for printing pharmaceuticals, is modified to allow for accurate printing of the highly concentrated CHB ink on the porous CHB-free or CHB-preloaded modules. The produced modules with submilligram precision are bench-marked with commercially available CHB tablets that are manually divided. The TMD covers the entire range of doses needed for the tapering (0.5-23.8 mg). The greatest variance is 13% and 88% when comparing the TMD and self-tapering, respectively. Self-tapering is proven inaccurate and showcases the need for the TMD to make available accurate and personalized doses to wean off treatment with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilari Ahola
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Dhara Raijada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Claus Cornett
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Johan Bøtker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
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5
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Chacko IA, Ramachandran G, Sudheesh MS. Unmet technological demands in orodispersible films for age-appropriate paediatric drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:841-857. [PMID: 37957474 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Age-appropriateness of a formulation is the ability to deliver variable but accurate doses to the paediatric population in a safe and acceptable manner to improve medical adherence and reduce medication errors. Paediatric drug delivery is a challenging area of formulation research due to the existing gap in knowledge. This includes the unknown safety of excipients in the paediatric population, the need for an age-appropriate formulation, the lack of an effective taste-masking method and the lack of paediatric pharmacokinetic data and patient acceptability. It is equally important to establish methods for predicting the biopharmaceutical performance of a paediatric formulation as a function of age. Overcoming the challenges of existing technologies and providing custom-made solutions for the development of age-appropriate formulation is, therefore, a daunting task. Orodispersible films (ODF) are promising as age-appropriate formulations, an unmet need in paediatric drug delivery. New technological improvements in taste masking, improving solubility and rate of dissolution of insoluble drugs, the flexibility of dosing and extemporaneous preparation of these films in a hospital good manufacturing practises (GMP) setup using 3D printing can increase its acceptance among clinicians, patients and caregivers. The current review discusses the problems and possibilities in ODF technology to address the outstanding issues of age-appropriateness, which is the hallmark of patient acceptance and medical adherence in paediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indhu Annie Chacko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 682041, Ponekkara, Kochi, India
| | - Gayathri Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 682041, Ponekkara, Kochi, India
| | - M S Sudheesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 682041, Ponekkara, Kochi, India.
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6
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Abdella S, Kim S, Afinjuomo F, Song Y, Upton R, Garg S. Combining the potential of 3D printed buccal films and nanostructured lipid carriers for personalised cannabidiol delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:984-1004. [PMID: 37903964 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been recognized for its numerous therapeutic benefits, such as neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, and cardioprotection. However, CBD has some limitations, including unpredictable pharmacokinetics and low oral bioavailability. To overcome the challenges associated with CBD delivery, we employed Design of Experiments (DoE), lipid carriers, and 3D printing techniques to optimize and develop buccal film loaded with CBD-NLCs. Three-factor Box-Behnken Design was carried out to optimise the NLCs and analyse the effect of independent factors on dependent factors. The emulsification-ultrasonication technique was used to prepare the NLCs. A pressure-assisted micro-syringe printing technique was used to produce the films. The produced films were studied for physicochemical, and mechanical properties, release profiles, and predicted in vivo performance. The observed particle size of the NLCs ranged from 12.17 to 84.91 nm whereas the PDI varied from 0.099 to 0.298. Lipid and sonication time positively affected the particle size whereas the surfactant concentration was inversely related. CBD was incorporated into the optimal formulation and the observed particle size, PDI, and zeta potential for the CBD-NLCs were 94.2 ± 0.47 nm, 0.11 ± 0.01 and - 11.8 ± 0.52 mV. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)-based gel containing the CBD-NLCs was prepared and used as a feed for 3D printing. The CBD-NLCs film demonstrated a slow and sustained in vitro release profile (84. 11 ± 7.02% in 6 h). The predicted AUC0-10 h, Cmax, and Tmax were 201.5 µg·h/L, 0.74 µg/L, and 1.28 h for a film with 0.4 mg of CBD, respectively. The finding demonstrates that a buccal film of CBD-NLCs can be fabricated using 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadikalmahdi Abdella
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sangseo Kim
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Franklin Afinjuomo
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Richard Upton
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Kayalar C, Helal N, Mohamed EM, Dharani S, Khuroo T, Kuttolamadom MA, Rahman Z, Khan MA. In Vitro and In Vivo testing of 3D-Printed Amorphous Lopinavir Printlets by Selective Laser Sinitering: Improved Bioavailability of a Poorly Soluble Drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:20. [PMID: 38267637 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of formulation parameters on the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of amorphous printlets of lopinavir (LPV) manufactured by selective laser sintering 3D printing method (SLS). The formulation variables investigated were disintegrants (magnesium aluminum silicate at 5-10%, microcrystalline cellulose at 10-20%) and the polymer (Kollicoat® IR at 42-57%), while keeping printing parameters constant. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared analysis confirmed the transformation of the crystalline drug into an amorphous form. A direct correlation was found between the disintegrant concentration and dissolution. The dissolved drug ranged from 71.1 ± 5.7% to 99.3 ± 2.7% within 120 min. A comparative PK study in rabbits showed significant differences in the rate and extent of absorption between printlets and compressed tablets. The values for Tmax, Cmax, and AUC were 4 times faster, and 2.5 and 1.7 times higher in the printlets compared to the compressed tablets, respectively. In conclusion, the SLS printing method can be used to create an amorphous delivery system through a single continuous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canberk Kayalar
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, TX, 77843-1114, United States of America
| | - Nada Helal
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, TX, 77843-1114, United States of America
| | - Eman M Mohamed
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, TX, 77843-1114, United States of America
| | - Sathish Dharani
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, TX, 77843-1114, United States of America
| | - Tahir Khuroo
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, TX, 77843-1114, United States of America
| | - Mathew A Kuttolamadom
- Dept. of Engineering Technology & Industrial Distribution, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States of America
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, TX, 77843-1114, United States of America
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, TX, 77843-1114, United States of America.
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Wyszogrodzka-Gaweł G, Shuklinova O, Lisowski B, Wiśniowska B, Polak S. 3D printing combined with biopredictive dissolution and PBPK/PD modeling optimization and personalization of pharmacotherapy: Are we there yet? Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103731. [PMID: 37541422 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine requires selecting the appropriate dosage regimen for a patient using the right drug, at the right time. Model-Informed Precision Dosing (MIPD) is a concept suggesting utilization of model-based prediction methods for optimizing the treatment benefit-harm balance, based on individual characteristics of the patient, disease, treatment method, and other factors. Here, we discuss a theoretical workflow comprising several elements, beginning from the physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) models, through 3D printed tablets with the model proposed dose, information range and flow, and the patient themselves. We also describe each of these elements, and the connection between them, highlighting challenges and potential obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Wyszogrodzka-Gaweł
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Olha Shuklinova
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartek Lisowski
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Barbara Wiśniowska
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Polak
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Madadian Bozorg N, Leclercq M, Lescot T, Bazin M, Gaudreault N, Dikpati A, Fortin MA, Droit A, Bertrand N. Design of experiment and machine learning inform on the 3D printing of hydrogels for biomedical applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213533. [PMID: 37392520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
In the biomedical field, 3D printing has the potential to deliver on some of the promises of personalized therapy, notably by enabling point-of-care fabrication of medical devices, dosage forms and bioimplants. To achieve this full potential, a better understanding of the 3D printing processes is necessary, and non-destructive characterization methods must be developed. This study proposes methodologies to optimize the 3D printing parameters for soft material extrusion. We hypothesize that combining image processing with design of experiment (DoE) analyses and machine learning could help obtaining useful information from a quality-by-design perspective. Herein, we investigated the impact of three critical process parameters (printing speed, printing pressure and infill percentage) on three critical quality attributes (gel weight, total surface area and heterogeneity) monitored with a non-destructive methodology. DoE and machine learning were combined to obtain information on the process. This work paves the way for a rational approach to optimize 3D printing parameters in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Madadian Bozorg
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Mickael Leclercq
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Théophraste Lescot
- Faculté des Sciences et Génie, Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec City G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marc Bazin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gaudreault
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Amrita Dikpati
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marc-André Fortin
- Faculté des Sciences et Génie, Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec City G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculté de Médicine, Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Balasankar A, Anbazhakan K, Arul V, Mutharaian VN, Sriram G, Aruchamy K, Oh TH, Ramasundaram S. Recent Advances in the Production of Pharmaceuticals Using Selective Laser Sintering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:330. [PMID: 37622935 PMCID: PMC10452903 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing process that has shown promise in the production of medical devices, including hip cups, knee trays, dental crowns, and hearing aids. SLS-based 3D-printed dosage forms have the potential to revolutionise the production of personalised drugs. The ability to manipulate the porosity of printed materials is a particularly exciting aspect of SLS. Porous tablet formulations produced by SLS can disintegrate orally within seconds, which is challenging to achieve with traditional methods. SLS also enables the creation of amorphous solid dispersions in a single step, rather than the multi-step process required with conventional methods. This review provides an overview of 3D printing, describes the operating mechanism and necessary materials for SLS, and highlights recent advances in SLS for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, an in-depth comparison and contrast of various 3D printing technologies for their effectiveness in tissue engineering applications is also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athinarayanan Balasankar
- Department of Physics, Gobi Arts & Science College, Erode, Gobichettipalayam 638453, India; (A.B.); (K.A.)
| | - Kandasamy Anbazhakan
- Department of Physics, Gobi Arts & Science College, Erode, Gobichettipalayam 638453, India; (A.B.); (K.A.)
| | - Velusamy Arul
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering (Autonomous), Coimbatore 641202, India;
| | | | - Ganesan Sriram
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kanakaraj Aruchamy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
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11
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Yang TL, Szewc J, Zhong L, Leonova A, Giebułtowicz J, Habashy R, Isreb A, Alhnan MA. The Use of Near-infrared as Process Analytical Technology (PAT) during 3D Printing Tablets at the Point-of-Care. Int J Pharm 2023:123073. [PMID: 37230372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most researched 3D printing technologies that holds great potential for low-cost manufacturing of personalised medicine. To achieve real-time release, timely quality control is a major challenge for applying 3D printing technologies as a point-of-care (PoC) manufacturing approach. This work proposes the use of a low-cost and compact near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy modality as a process analytical technology (PAT) to monitor a critical quality attribute (drug content) during and after FDM 3D printing process. 3D printed caffeine tablets were used to manifest the feasibility of the NIR model as a quantitative analytical procedure and dose verification method. Caffeine tablets (0-40% w/w) were fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol and FDM 3D printing. The predictive performance of the NIR model was demonstrated in linearity (correlation coefficient, R2) and accuracy (root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP). The actual drug content values were determined using the reference high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The model of full-completion caffeine tablets demonstrated linearity (R2 = 0.985) and accuracy (RMSEP =1.4%), indicated to be an alternative dose quantitation method for 3D printed products. The ability of the models to assess caffeine contents during the 3D printing process could not be accurately achieved using the model built with complete tablets. Instead, by building a predictive model for each completion stage of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, the model of different completion caffeine tablets displayed linearity (R2 of 0.991, 0.99, 0.987, and 0.983) and accuracy (RMSEP of 2.22%, 1.65%, 1.41%, 0.83%), respectively. Overall, this study demonstrated the feasibility of a low NIR model as a non-destructive, low-cost, compact, and rapid analysis dose verification method enabling the real-time release to facilitate 3D printing medicine production in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzuyi L Yang
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Jakub Szewc
- Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lingu Zhong
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Anna Leonova
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Abdullah Isreb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Mohamed A Alhnan
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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12
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Jørgensen AK, Ong JJ, Parhizkar M, Goyanes A, Basit AW. Advancing non-destructive analysis of 3D printed medicines. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:379-393. [PMID: 37100732 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical 3D printing (3DP) has attracted significant interest over the past decade for its ability to produce personalised medicines on demand. However, current quality control (QC) requirements for traditional large-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing are irreconcilable with the production offered by 3DP. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) have recently published documents supporting the implementation of 3DP for point-of-care (PoC) manufacturing along with regulatory hurdles. The importance of process analytical technology (PAT) and non-destructive analytical tools in translating pharmaceutical 3DP has experienced a surge in recognition. This review seeks to highlight the most recent research on non-destructive pharmaceutical 3DP analysis, while also proposing plausible QC systems that complement the pharmaceutical 3DP workflow. In closing, outstanding challenges in integrating these analytical tools into pharmaceutical 3DP workflows are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kirstine Jørgensen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jun Jie Ong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Maryam Parhizkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford TN24 8DH, UK; FabRx Artificial Intelligence, Carretera de Escairón 14, 27543 Currelos (O Saviñao) Lugo, Spain.
| | - Abdul W Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford TN24 8DH, UK; FabRx Artificial Intelligence, Carretera de Escairón 14, 27543 Currelos (O Saviñao) Lugo, Spain.
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13
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Englezos K, Wang L, Tan ECK, Kang L. 3D printing for personalised medicines: implications for policy and practice. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122785. [PMID: 36849040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The current healthcare dynamic has shifted from one-size-fits-all to patient-centred care, with our increased understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics demanding a switch to more individualised therapies. As the pharmaceutical industry remains yet to succumb to the push of a technological paradigm shift, pharmacists lack the means to provide completely personalised medicine (PM) to their patients in a safe, affordable, and widely accessible manner. As additive manufacturing technology has already established its strength in producing pharmaceutical formulations, it is necessary to next consider methods by which this technology can create PM accessible from pharmacies. In this article, we reviewed the limitations of current pharmaceutical manufacturing methods for PMs, three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques that are most beneficial for PMs, implications of bringing this technology into pharmacy practice, and implications for policy surrounding 3D printing techniques in the manufacturing of PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Englezos
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lingxin Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Edwin C K Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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14
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Lyousoufi M, Lafeber I, Kweekel D, de Winter BCM, Swen JJ, Le Brun PPH, Bijleveld-Olierook ECM, van Gelder T, Guchelaar HJ, Moes DJAR, Schimmel KJM. Development and Bioequivalence of 3D-Printed Medication at the Point-of-Care: Bridging the Gap Toward Personalized Medicine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:1125-1131. [PMID: 36762628 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Personalized medicine is currently hampered by the lack of flexible drug formulations. Especially for pediatric patients, manual compounding of personalized drug formulations by pharmacists is required. Three-Dimensional (3D) printing of medicines, which enables small-scale manufacturing at the point-of-care, can fulfill this unmet clinical need. This study investigates the feasibility of developing a 3D-printed tablet formulation at the point-of-care which complies to quality requirements for clinical practice, including bioequivalence. Development, manufacturing, and quality control of the 3D-printed tablets was performed at the manufacturing facility and laboratory of the department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology at Leiden University Medical Center. Sildenafil was used as a model drug for the tablet formulation. Along with the 3D-printed tablets a randomized, an open-label, 2-period, crossover, single-dose clinical trial to assess bioequivalence was performed in healthy adults. Bioequivalence was established if areas under the plasma concentration curve from administration to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-t ) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) ratios were within the limits of 80.00-125.00%. The manufacturing process provided reproducible 3D-printed tablets that adhered to quality control requirements and were consequently used in the clinical trial. The clinical trial was conducted in 12 healthy volunteers. The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of both AUC0-t and Cmax ratios were within bioequivalence limits (AUC0-t 90% CI: 87.28-104.14; Cmax 90% CI: 80.23-109.58). For the first time, we demonstrate the development of a 3D-printed tablet formulation at the point-of-care that is bioequivalent to its marketed originator. The 3D printing of personalized formulations is a disruptive technology for compounding, bridging the gap toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Lyousoufi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Lafeber
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dinemarie Kweekel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda C M de Winter
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse J Swen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P H Le Brun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan A R Moes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten J M Schimmel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Tidau M, Finke JH. Opinion: Basic 3D printing design methodology for individual combinative dosage forms. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2022.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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16
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Uchida DT, Bruschi ML. 3D Printing as a Technological Strategy for the Personalized Treatment of Wound Healing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:41. [PMID: 36698047 PMCID: PMC9876655 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic process which involves stages of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Any error in this process results in abnormal wound healing, generating financial burdens for health systems and even affecting the physical and mental health of the patient. Traditional dressings do not meet the complexities of ideal treatment in all types of wounds. For this reason, in the last decades, different materials for drug delivery and for the treatment of wounds have been proposed reaching novel level of standards, such as 3D printing techniques. The use of natural or synthetic polymers, and the correct design of these printed products loaded with cells and/or combined with active compounds, can generate an effective system for the treatment of wounds, improving the healing process and generating customized dressings according to the patient needs. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of different types of 3D printing techniques, as well as its use in wound healing and its different stages, including the advantages and limitations of additive manufacturing and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Tiemi Uchida
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Avenida Colombo, n. 5790, K68, S05, 87020-900, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Avenida Colombo, n. 5790, K68, S05, 87020-900, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
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17
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Beer N, Kaae S, Genina N, Sporrong SK, Alves TL, Hoebert J, De Bruin ML, Hegger I. Magistral Compounding with 3D Printing: A Promising Way to Achieve Personalized Medicine. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2023; 57:26-36. [PMID: 35943712 PMCID: PMC9755095 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-022-00436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magistral compounding has always been an integral part of pharmacy practice. The increasing demand worldwide for personalized drug treatments might be accommodated by an increase in magistral compounding. The new, flexible technology of 3D medicine printing could advance this process even further. However, the issue of how 3D medicine printing can be implemented within the existing magistral compounding infrastructure has not been explored. AIMS To investigate how 3D printing can be integrated into the existing compounding system by taking regulatory, economic, and profession-oriented aspects into account. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant Dutch stakeholders representing various health institutions, such as health ministries and boards, professional bodies, and different types of pharmacies. Participants were identified through purposeful sampling. Content analysis was applied to identify the main themes. RESULTS A total of 15 Dutch stakeholders were interviewed. It was found that the prevalence of compounding in community pharmacies in the Netherlands has decreased as a result of the practice shifting to specialized compounding pharmacies due to higher costs, lack of space, and the need to fulfill quality requirements. All interviewees considered 3D printing to be a promising compounding technique for community pharmacies, as it offers an automated approach with high digital flexibility and enables adapted formulations, including 'polypills.' Regulatory and quality assurance challenges were considered comparable to those of normal magistral products; however, there remain pending regulatory issues regarding quality control, particularly for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients containing intermediate feedstock materials (e.g., prefilled cartridges) in 3D printing. 3D printing was believed to become cost effective over time. CONCLUSION In the Netherlands, specialized compounding pharmacies have largely taken over compounding activities. 3D printing could be introduced within this system; however, challenges regarding how to regulate prefilled cartridges have yet to be addressed. Compounding using 3D printing in regular community pharmacies could enhance patients' individualized treatment; however, this activity would require incentives to stimulate the return of compounding to normal pharmacy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Beer
- Social and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Susanne Kaae
- Social and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Natalja Genina
- Manufacturing and Materials Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sofia Kälvemark Sporrong
- Social and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark ,Social Pharmacy Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Teresa Leonardo Alves
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joëlle Hoebert
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Louise De Bruin
- Copenhagen Centre for Regulatory Science, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark ,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Hegger
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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18
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Investigation on the use of fused deposition modeling for the production of IR dosage forms containing Timapiprant. Int J Pharm X 2022; 5:100152. [PMID: 36624741 PMCID: PMC9823139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work focused on evaluating the feasibility of fused deposition modeling (FDM) in the development of a dosage form containing Timapiprant (TMP), also known as CHF6532, which is a novel active molecule indicated in the potential treatment of eosinophilic asthma upon oral administration. The resulting product could be an alternative, with potential towards personalization, of immediate release (IR) tablets used in the clinical studies. Formulations based on different polymeric carriers were screened, leading to the identification of a polyvinyl alcohol-based one, which turned out acceptable for versatility in terms of active ingredient content, printability and dissolution performance (i.e. capability to meet the dissolution specification set, envisaging >80% of the drug dissolved within 30 min). Following an in-depth evaluation on the influence of TMP solid state and of the voids volume resulting from printing on dissolution, few prototypes with shapes especially devised for therapy customization were successfully printed and were compliant with the dissolution specification set.
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19
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Releasing fast and slow: Non-destructive prediction of density and drug release from SLS 3D printed tablets using NIR spectroscopy. Int J Pharm X 2022; 5:100148. [PMID: 36590827 PMCID: PMC9798196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing is a revolutionary 3D printing technology that has been found capable of creating drug products with varied release profiles by changing the laser scanning speed. Here, SLS 3D printed formulations (printlets) loaded with a narrow therapeutic index drug (theophylline) were produced using SLS 3D printing at varying laser scanning speeds (100-180 mm/s). The use of reflectance Fourier Transform - Near Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was evaluated as a non-destructive approach to predicting 3D printed tablet density and drug release at 2 h and 4 h. The printed drug products formulated with a higher laser speed exhibited an accelerated drug release and reduced density compared with the slower laser scanning speeds. Univariate calibration models were developed based on a baseline shift in the spectra in the third overtone region upon changing physical properties. For density prediction, the developed univariate model had high linearity (R2 value = 0.9335) and accuracy (error < 0.029 mg/mm3). For drug release prediction at 2 h and 4 h, the developed univariate models demonstrated a linear correlation (R2 values of 0.9383 and 0.9167, respectively) and accuracy (error < 4.4%). The predicted vs. actual dissolution profiles were found to be statistically similar (f2 > 50) for all of the test printlets. Overall, this article demonstrates the feasibility of SLS 3D printing to produce drug products containing a narrow therapeutic index drug across a range of drug release profiles, as well as the potential for FT-NIR spectroscopy to predict the physical characteristics of SLS 3D printed drug products (drug release and density) as a non-destructive quality control method at the point-of-care.
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20
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Seoane-Viaño I, Ong JJ, Basit AW, Goyanes A. To infinity and beyond: Strategies for fabricating medicines in outer space. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100121. [PMID: 35782363 PMCID: PMC9240807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in next generation spacecrafts have reignited public excitement over life beyond Earth. However, to safeguard the health and safety of humans in the hostile environment of space, innovation in pharmaceutical manufacturing and drug delivery deserves urgent attention. In this review/commentary, the current state of medicines provision in space is explored, accompanied by a forward look on the future of pharmaceutical manufacturing in outer space. The hazards associated with spaceflight, and their corresponding medical problems, are first briefly discussed. Subsequently, the infeasibility of present-day medicines provision systems for supporting deep space exploration is examined. The existing knowledge gaps on the altered clinical effects of medicines in space are evaluated, and suggestions are provided on how clinical trials in space might be conducted. An envisioned model of on-site production and delivery of medicines in space is proposed, referencing emerging technologies (e.g. Chemputing, synthetic biology, and 3D printing) being developed on Earth that may be adapted for extra-terrestrial use. This review concludes with a critical analysis on the regulatory considerations necessary to facilitate the adoption of these technologies and proposes a framework by which these may be enforced. In doing so, this commentary aims to instigate discussions on the pharmaceutical needs of deep space exploration, and strategies on how these may be met. Space is a hostile environment that threatens human health and drug stability. Data on the behaviour of medicines in space is critical but lacking. Novel drug manufacturing and delivery strategies are needed to safeguard crewmembers’ safety. Chemputing, synthetic biology, and 3D printing are examples of such emerging technologies. A regulatory framework for space medicines must be implemented to assure quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Seoane-Viaño
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Paraquasil Group (GI-2109), Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Jun Jie Ong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, The Institute of Materials (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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21
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Krueger L, Miles JA, Popat A. 3D printing hybrid materials using fused deposition modelling for solid oral dosage forms. J Control Release 2022; 351:444-455. [PMID: 36184971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
3D printing in the pharmaceutical and healthcare settings is expanding rapidly, such as the rapid prototyping of orthotics, dental retainers, drug-loaded implants, and pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms. Through 3D printing, we have the capability to precisely control dose, release kinetics, and several aesthetic features of dosage forms such as colour, shape, and texture. Additionally, polypills can be created with combinations of medications in one solid dosage form at completely customisable strengths that would be extremely difficult to obtain commercially. As the technology and formulations developed through 3D printing are expanding, the development of new hybrid materials to obtain superior formulations are also gaining momentum. In this review we collate data on the importance of developing hybrid formulations of polymers, drugs and excipients necessary to produce reliable and high-quality 3D printed dosage forms with a special emphasis on fused deposition modelling (FDM). FDM technology is one of the most widely used forms of 3D printing and has demonstrated compatibility with unique polymer-based hybrids to allow for enhanced drug delivery, protection of thermolabile drugs, modifiable release kinetics, and more. The data collated covers different categories of hybrids as well as the methods used to fabricate them, and their respective effects on the properties of 3D printed solid oral dosage forms. Therefore, this review will provide an overview of upcoming and emerging trends in pharmaceutical 3D printing formulation compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Krueger
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Jared A Miles
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
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Deon M, dos Santos J, de Andrade DF, Beck RCR. A critical review of traditional and advanced characterisation tools to drive formulators towards the rational development of 3D printed oral dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Vasiljević I, Turković E, Piller M, Mirković M, Zimmer A, Aleksić I, Ibrić S, Parojčić J. Processability evaluation of multiparticulate units prepared by selective laser sintering using the SeDeM Expert System approach. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Recent advancements in additive manufacturing techniques employed in the pharmaceutical industry: A bird's eye view. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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25
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Wang N, Shi H, Yang S. 3D printed oral solid dosage form: Modified release and improved solubility. J Control Release 2022; 351:407-431. [PMID: 36122897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral solid dosage form is currently the most common used form of drug. 3D Printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), can quickly print customized and individualized oral solid dosage form on demand. Compared with the traditional tablet manufacturing process, 3D Printing has many advantages. By rationally selecting the formulation composition and cleverly designing the printing structure, 3D printing can improve the solubility of the drug and achieve precise modify of the drug release. 3D printed oral solid dosage form, however, still has problems such as limitations in formulation selection. And the selection process of the formulation lacks scientificity and standardization. Structural design of some 3D printing approaches is relatively scarce. This article reviews the formulation selection and structure design of 3D printed oral solid dosage form, providing more ideas for achieving modified drug release and solubility improvement of 3D printed oral solid dosage form through more scientific and extensive formulation selection and more sophisticated structural design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Huixin Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology and Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Bácskay I, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Arany P. The Evolution of the 3D-Printed Drug Delivery Systems: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071312. [PMID: 35890208 PMCID: PMC9318419 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the appearance of the 3D printing in the 1980s it has revolutionized many research fields including the pharmaceutical industry. The main goal is to manufacture complex, personalized products in a low-cost manufacturing process on-demand. In the last few decades, 3D printing has attracted the attention of numerous research groups for the manufacturing of different drug delivery systems. Since the 2015 approval of the first 3D-printed drug product, the number of publications has multiplied. In our review, we focused on summarizing the evolution of the produced drug delivery systems in the last 20 years and especially in the last 5 years. The drug delivery systems are sub-grouped into tablets, capsules, orodispersible films, implants, transdermal delivery systems, microneedles, vaginal drug delivery systems, and micro- and nanoscale dosage forms. Our classification may provide guidance for researchers to more easily examine the publications and to find further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bácskay
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Arany
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Hu Z, Xu P, Zhang J, Bandari S, Repka MA. Development of controlled release oral dosages by density gradient modification via three-dimensional (3D) printing and hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Additive Manufacturing Strategies for Personalized Drug Delivery Systems and Medical Devices: Fused Filament Fabrication and Semi Solid Extrusion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092784. [PMID: 35566146 PMCID: PMC9100145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel additive manufacturing (AM) techniques and particularly 3D printing (3DP) have achieved a decade of success in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Highly innovative personalized therapeutical solutions may be designed and manufactured through a layer-by-layer approach starting from a digital model realized according to the needs of a specific patient or a patient group. The combination of patient-tailored drug dose, dosage, or diagnostic form (shape and size) and drug release adjustment has the potential to ensure the optimal patient therapy. Among the different 3D printing techniques, extrusion-based technologies, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) and semi solid extrusion (SSE), are the most investigated for their high versatility, precision, feasibility, and cheapness. This review provides an overview on different 3DP techniques to produce personalized drug delivery systems and medical devices, highlighting, for each method, the critical printing process parameters, the main starting materials, as well as advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the recent developments of fused filament fabrication and semi solid extrusion 3DP are discussed. In this regard, the current state of the art, based on a detailed literature survey of the different 3D products printed via extrusion-based techniques, envisioning future directions in the clinical applications and diffusion of such systems, is summarized.
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Varghese R, Sood P, Salvi S, Karsiya J, Kumar D. 3D printing in the pharmaceutical sector: Advances and evidences. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Prediction of Solid-State Form of SLS 3D Printed Medicines Using NIR and Raman Spectroscopy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030589. [PMID: 35335965 PMCID: PMC8949593 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing is capable of revolutionising pharmaceutical manufacturing, by producing amorphous solid dispersions in a one-step manufacturing process. Here, 3D-printed formulations loaded with a model BCS class II drug (20% w/w itraconazole) and three grades of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) polymer (-SSL, -SL and -L) were produced using SLS 3D printing. Interestingly, the polymers with higher molecular weights (HPC-L and -SL) were found to undergo a uniform sintering process, attributed to the better powder flow characteristics, compared with the lower molecular weight grade (HPC-SSL). XRPD analyses found that the SLS 3D printing process resulted in amorphous conversion of itraconazole for all three polymers, with HPC-SSL retaining a small amount of crystallinity on the drug product surface. The use of process analytical technologies (PAT), including near infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy, was evaluated, to predict the amorphous content, qualitatively and quantitatively, within itraconazole-loaded formulations. Calibration models were developed using partial least squares (PLS) regression, which successfully predicted amorphous content across the range of 0–20% w/w. The models demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 = 0.998 and 0.998) and accuracy (RMSEP = 1.04% and 0.63%) for NIR and Raman spectroscopy models, respectively. Overall, this article demonstrates the feasibility of SLS 3D printing to produce solid dispersions containing a BCS II drug, and the potential for NIR and Raman spectroscopy to quantify amorphous content as a non-destructive quality control measure at the point-of-care.
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Awad A, Madla CM, McCoubrey LE, Ferraro F, Gavins FK, Buanz A, Gaisford S, Orlu M, Siepmann F, Siepmann J, Basit AW. Clinical translation of advanced colonic drug delivery technologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114076. [PMID: 34890739 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery to the colon offers a myriad of benefits, including treatment of local diseases, direct access to unique therapeutic targets and the potential for increasing systemic drug bioavailability and efficacy. Although a range of traditional colonic delivery technologies are available, these systems exhibit inconsistent drug release due to physiological variability between and within individuals, which may be further exacerbated by underlying disease states. In recent years, significant translational and commercial advances have been made with the introduction of new technologies that incorporate independent multi-stimuli release mechanisms (pH and/or microbiota-dependent release). Harnessing these advanced technologies offers new possibilities for drug delivery via the colon, including the delivery of biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, nutrients, and microbiome therapeutics for the treatment of both local and systemic diseases. This review details the latest advances in colonic drug delivery, with an emphasis on emerging therapeutic opportunities and clinical technology translation.
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O’Reilly CS, Elbadawi M, Desai N, Gaisford S, Basit AW, Orlu M. Machine Learning and Machine Vision Accelerate 3D Printed Orodispersible Film Development. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2187. [PMID: 34959468 PMCID: PMC8706962 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) are an attractive delivery system for a myriad of clinical applications and possess both large economical and clinical rewards. However, the manufacturing of ODFs does not adhere to contemporary paradigms of personalised, on-demand medicine, nor sustainable manufacturing. To address these shortcomings, both three-dimensional (3D) printing and machine learning (ML) were employed to provide on-demand manufacturing and quality control checks of ODFs. Direct ink writing (DIW) was able to fabricate complex ODF shapes, with thicknesses of less than 100 µm. ML algorithms were explored to classify the ODFs according to their active ingredient, by using their near-infrared (NIR) spectrums. A supervised model of linear discriminant analysis was found to provide 100% accuracy in classifying ODFs. A subsequent partial least square algorithm was applied to verify the dose, where a coefficient of determination of 0.96, 0.99 and 0.98 was obtained for ODFs of paracetamol, caffeine, and theophylline, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the combination of 3D printing, NIR and ML can result in a rapid production and verification of ODFs. Additionally, a machine vision tool was used to automate the in vitro testing. These collective digital technologies demonstrate the potential to automate the ODF workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK (M.E.); (N.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Mine Orlu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK (M.E.); (N.D.); (S.G.)
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3D Printing in medicine: Technology overview and drug delivery applications. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Quodbach J, Bogdahn M, Breitkreutz J, Chamberlain R, Eggenreich K, Elia AG, Gottschalk N, Gunkel-Grabole G, Hoffmann L, Kapote D, Kipping T, Klinken S, Loose F, Marquetant T, Windolf H, Geißler S, Spitz T. Quality of FDM 3D Printed Medicines for Pediatrics: Considerations for Formulation Development, Filament Extrusion, Printing Process and Printer Design. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2021; 56:910-928. [PMID: 34826120 PMCID: PMC9492703 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-021-00354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
3d printing is capable of providing dose individualization for pediatric medicines and translating the precision medicine approach into practical application. In pediatrics, dose individualization and preparation of small dosage forms is a requirement for successful therapy, which is frequently not possible due to the lack of suitable dosage forms. For precision medicine, individual characteristics of patients are considered for the selection of the best possible API in the most suitable dose with the most effective release profile to improve therapeutic outcome. 3d printing is inherently suitable for manufacturing of individualized medicines with varying dosages, sizes, release profiles and drug combinations in small batch sizes, which cannot be manufactured with traditional technologies. However, understanding of critical quality attributes and process parameters still needs to be significantly improved for this new technology. To ensure health and safety of patients, cleaning and process validation needs to be established. Additionally, adequate analytical methods for the in-process control of intermediates, regarding their printability as well as control of the final 3d printed tablets considering any risk of this new technology will be required. The PolyPrint consortium is actively working on developing novel polymers for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3d printing, filament formulation and manufacturing development as well as optimization of the printing process, and the design of a GMP-capable FDM 3d printer. In this manuscript, the consortium shares its views on quality aspects and measures for 3d printing from drug-loaded filaments, including formulation development, the printing process, and the printed dosage forms. Additionally, engineering approaches for quality assurance during the printing process and for the final dosage form will be presented together with considerations for a GMP-capable printer design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Quodbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Malte Bogdahn
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca Chamberlain
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Lena Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Kipping
- Merck Life Science KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Klinken
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Loose
- Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Betzdorfer Str. 2, 50679, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Hellen Windolf
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon Geißler
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tilmann Spitz
- Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Betzdorfer Str. 2, 50679, Cologne, Germany
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Awad A, Trenfield SJ, Pollard TD, Ong JJ, Elbadawi M, McCoubrey LE, Goyanes A, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Connected healthcare: Improving patient care using digital health technologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113958. [PMID: 34478781 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Now more than ever, traditional healthcare models are being overhauled with digital technologies of Healthcare 4.0 increasingly adopted. Worldwide, digital devices are improving every stage of the patient care pathway. For one, sensors are being used to monitor patient metrics 24/7, permitting swift diagnosis and interventions. At the treatment stage, 3D printers are under investigation for the concept of personalised medicine by allowing patients access to on-demand, customisable therapeutics. Robots are also being explored for treatment, by empowering precision surgery, rehabilitation, or targeted drug delivery. Within medical logistics, drones are being leveraged to deliver critical treatments to remote areas, collect samples, and even provide emergency aid. To enable seamless integration within healthcare, the Internet of Things technology is being exploited to form closed-loop systems that remotely communicate with one another. This review outlines the most promising healthcare technologies and devices, their strengths, drawbacks, and opportunities for clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atheer Awad
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sarah J Trenfield
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Thomas D Pollard
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jun Jie Ong
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Moe Elbadawi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Laura E McCoubrey
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK.
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Eleftheriadis GK, Genina N, Boetker J, Rantanen J. Modular design principle based on compartmental drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113921. [PMID: 34390776 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The current manufacturing solutions for oral solid dosage forms are fundamentally based on technologies from the 19th century. This approach is well suited for mass production of one-size-fits-all products; however, it does not allow for a straight-forward personalization and mass customization of the pharmaceutical end-product. In order to provide better therapies to the patients, a need for innovative manufacturing concepts and product design principles has been rising. Additive manufacturing opens up a possibility for compartmentalization of drug products, including design of spatially separated multidrug and functional excipient compartments. This compartmentalized solution can be further expanded to modular design thinking. Modular design is referring to combination of building blocks containing a given amount of drug compound(s) and related functional excipients into a larger final product. Implementation of modular design principles is paving the way for implementing the emerging personalization potential within health sciences by designing compartmental and reactive product structures that can be manufactured based on the individual needs of each patient. This review will introduce the existing compartmentalized product design principles and discuss the integration of these into edible electronics allowing for innovative control of drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Boetker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Polymers in pharmaceutical additive manufacturing: A balancing act between printability and product performance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113923. [PMID: 34390775 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Materials and manufacturing processes share a common purpose of enabling the pharmaceutical product to perform as intended. This review on the role of polymeric materials in additive manufacturing of oral dosage forms, focuses on the interface between the polymer and key stages of the additive manufacturing process, which determine printability. By systematically clarifying and comparing polymer functional roles and properties for a variety of AM technologies, together with current and emerging techniques to characterize these properties, suggestions are provided to stimulate the use of readily available and sometimes underutilized pharmaceutical polymers in additive manufacturing. We point to emerging characterization techniques and digital tools, which can be harnessed to manage existing trade-offs between the role of polymers in printer compatibility versus product performance. In a rapidly evolving technological space, this serves to trigger the continued development of 3D printers to suit a broader variety of polymers for widespread applications of pharmaceutical additive manufacturing.
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Debnath SK, Debnath M, Srivastava R, Omri A. Intervention of 3D printing in health care: transformation for sustainable development. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1659-1672. [PMID: 34520310 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1981287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Three-dimensional (3D) technology is the practice of dropping material layer-by-layer in the construction of the desired object. The application of the 3D printing technique has been observed in miscellaneous domains. Personalized medicine becomes the most demanding trend in the health-care segment. Several advancements have been observed in the progress of 3D printing. However, the availability of finished products in the marketplace is very less. There is an utmost requirement to improve the knowledge and skills in the sustainable development of pharmaceutical and medical products by selecting suitable techniques and materials. AREAS COVERED This article covers the fundamental process of 3D printing, types, pharmaceutical-medical application, benefits, and challenges. EXPERT OPINION This technology is capable of designing the complex geometry of an organ. It is feasible to produce drug products by incorporating multiple drugs in various compartments in such a fashion that these drugs can release from the compartment at a predetermined rate. Additionally, this 3D process has the potential to revolutionize personalized therapy to different age-groups through design flexibility and accurate dosing. In the upcoming years, the potential application of this technology can be seen in a clinical setting where patients will get individualized medicine as per their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Kumar Debnath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Monalisha Debnath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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Gueche YA, Sanchez-Ballester NM, Cailleaux S, Bataille B, Soulairol I. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), a New Chapter in the Production of Solid Oral Forms (SOFs) by 3D Printing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1212. [PMID: 34452173 PMCID: PMC8399326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing is a new emerging technology in the pharmaceutical manufacturing landscape. Its potential advantages for personalized medicine have been widely explored and commented on in the literature over recent years. More recently, the selective laser sintering (SLS) technique has been investigated for oral drug-delivery applications. Thus, this article reviews the work that has been conducted on SLS 3D printing for the preparation of solid oral forms (SOFs) from 2017 to 2020 and discusses the opportunities and challenges for this state-of-the-art technology in precision medicine. Overall, the 14 research articles reviewed report the use of SLS printers equipped with a blue diode laser (445-450 nm). The review highlights that the printability of pharmaceutical materials, although an important aspect for understanding the sintering process has only been properly explored in one article. The modulation of the porosity of printed materials appears to be the most interesting outcome of this technology for pharmaceutical applications. Generally, SLS shows great potential to improve compliance within fragile populations. The inclusion of "Quality by Design" tools in studies could facilitate the deployment of SLS in clinical practice, particularly where Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) for 3D-printing processes do not currently exist. Nevertheless, drug stability and powder recycling remain particularly challenging in SLS. These hurdles could be overcome by collaboration between pharmaceutical industries and compounding pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis A. Gueche
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Sylvain Cailleaux
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nimes, France
| | - Bernard Bataille
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Ian Soulairol
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nimes, France
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Opportunities and challenges of three-dimensional printing technology in pharmaceutical formulation development. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2488-2504. [PMID: 34567958 PMCID: PMC8447232 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing is a technology that prints the products layer-by-layer, in which materials are deposited according to the digital model designed by computer aided design (CAD) software. This technology has competitive advantages regarding product design complexity, product personalization, and on-demand manufacturing. The emergence of 3D technology provides innovative strategies and new ways to develop novel drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the application of 3D printing technologies in the pharmaceutical field, with an emphasis on the advantages of 3D printing technologies for achieving rapid drug delivery, personalized drug delivery, compound drug delivery and customized drug delivery. In addition, this article illustrates the limitations and challenges of 3D printing technologies in the field of pharmaceutical formulation development.
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Bhujbal SV, Mitra B, Jain U, Gong Y, Agrawal A, Karki S, Taylor LS, Kumar S, (Tony) Zhou Q. Pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersion: A review of manufacturing strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2505-2536. [PMID: 34522596 PMCID: PMC8424289 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are popular for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Various approaches have been employed to produce ASDs and novel techniques are emerging. This review provides an updated overview of manufacturing techniques for preparing ASDs. As physical stability is a critical quality attribute for ASD, the impact of formulation, equipment, and process variables, together with the downstream processing on physical stability of ASDs have been discussed. Selection strategies are proposed to identify suitable manufacturing methods, which may aid in the development of ASDs with satisfactory physical stability.
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Key Words
- 3DP, three-dimensional printing
- ASDs, amorphous solid dispersions
- ASES, aerosol solvent extraction system
- Amorphous solid dispersions
- CAP, cellulose acetate phthalate
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- CSG, continuous-spray granulation
- Co-precipitation
- Downstream processing
- Drug delivery
- EPAS, evaporative aqueous solution precipitation
- Eudragit®, polymethacrylates derivatives
- FDM, fused deposition modeling
- GAS, gas antisolvent
- HME, hot-melt extrusion
- HPC, hydroxypropyl cellulose
- HPMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- HPMCAS, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate
- HPMCP, hypromellose phthalate
- Manufacturing
- Melting process
- PCA, precipitation with compressed fluid antisolvent
- PGSS, precipitation from gas-saturated solutions
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid
- PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVPVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate
- RESS, rapid expansion of a supercritical solution
- SAS, supercritical antisolvent
- SCFs, supercritical fluids
- SEDS, solution-enhanced dispersion by SCF
- SLS, selective laser sintering
- Selection criteria
- Soluplus®, polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer
- Solvent evaporation
- Stability
- Tg, glass transition temperature
- USC, ultrasound compaction
- scCO2, supercritical CO2
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal V. Bhujbal
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Biplob Mitra
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Uday Jain
- Material Science and Engineering, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Yuchuan Gong
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Anjali Agrawal
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Shyam Karki
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Qi (Tony) Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Harnessing artificial intelligence for the next generation of 3D printed medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113805. [PMID: 34019957 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is redefining how we exist in the world. In almost every sector of society, AI is performing tasks with super-human speed and intellect; from the prediction of stock market trends to driverless vehicles, diagnosis of disease, and robotic surgery. Despite this growing success, the pharmaceutical field is yet to truly harness AI. Development and manufacture of medicines remains largely in a 'one size fits all' paradigm, in which mass-produced, identical formulations are expected to meet individual patient needs. Recently, 3D printing (3DP) has illuminated a path for on-demand production of fully customisable medicines. Due to its flexibility, pharmaceutical 3DP presents innumerable options during formulation development that generally require expert navigation. Leveraging AI within pharmaceutical 3DP removes the need for human expertise, as optimal process parameters can be accurately predicted by machine learning. AI can also be incorporated into a pharmaceutical 3DP 'Internet of Things', moving the personalised production of medicines into an intelligent, streamlined, and autonomous pipeline. Supportive infrastructure, such as The Cloud and blockchain, will also play a vital role. Crucially, these technologies will expedite the use of pharmaceutical 3DP in clinical settings and drive the global movement towards personalised medicine and Industry 4.0.
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43
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Disrupting 3D printing of medicines with machine learning. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:745-757. [PMID: 34238624 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3D printing (3DP) is a progressive technology capable of transforming pharmaceutical development. However, despite its promising advantages, its transition into clinical settings remains slow. To make the vital leap to mainstream clinical practice and improve patient care, 3DP must harness modern technologies. Machine learning (ML), an influential branch of artificial intelligence, may be a key partner for 3DP. Together, 3DP and ML can utilise intelligence based on human learning to accelerate drug product development, ensure stringent quality control (QC), and inspire innovative dosage-form design. With ML's capabilities, streamlined 3DP drug delivery could mark the next era of personalised medicine. This review details how ML can be applied to elevate the 3DP of pharmaceuticals and importantly, how it can expedite 3DP's integration into mainstream healthcare.
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Seoane-Viaño I, Trenfield SJ, Basit AW, Goyanes A. Translating 3D printed pharmaceuticals: From hype to real-world clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:553-575. [PMID: 33965461 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a revolutionary technology that is disrupting pharmaceutical development by enabling the production of personalised printlets (3D printed drug products) on demand. By creating small batches of dose flexible medicines, this versatile technology offers significant advantages for clinical practice and drug development, namely the ability to personalise medicines to individual patient needs, as well as expedite drug development timelines within preclinical studies through to first-in-human (FIH) and Phase I/II clinical trials. Despite the widely demonstrated benefits of 3D printing pharmaceuticals, the clinical potential of the technology is yet to be realised. In this timely review, we provide an overview of the latest cutting-edge investigations in 3D printing pharmaceuticals in the pre-clinical and clinical arena and offer a forward-looking approach towards strategies to further aid the translation of 3D printing into the clinic.
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45
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Awad A, Fina F, Goyanes A, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Advances in powder bed fusion 3D printing in drug delivery and healthcare. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:406-424. [PMID: 33951489 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Powder bed fusion (PBF) is a 3D printing method that selectively consolidates powders into 3D objects using a power source. PBF has various derivatives; selective laser sintering/melting, direct metal laser sintering, electron beam melting and multi-jet fusion. These technologies provide a multitude of benefits that make them well suited for the fabrication of bespoke drug-laden formulations, devices and implants. This includes their superior printing resolution and speed, and ability to produce objects without the need for secondary supports, enabling them to precisely create complex products. Herein, this review article outlines the unique applications of PBF 3D printing, including the main principles underpinning its technologies and highlighting their novel pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The challenges and shortcomings are also considered, emphasising on their effects on the 3D printed products, whilst providing a forward-thinking view.
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Amekyeh H, Tarlochan F, Billa N. Practicality of 3D Printed Personalized Medicines in Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:646836. [PMID: 33912058 PMCID: PMC8072378 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.646836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in science over the past century have paved the way for remedial treatment outcomes in various diseases. Pharmacogenomic predispositions, the emergence of multidrug resistance, medication and formulation errors contribute significantly to patient mortality. The concept of "personalized" or "precision" medicines provides a window to addressing these issues and hence reducing mortality. The emergence of three-dimensional printing of medicines over the past decades has generated interests in therapeutics and dispensing, whereby the provisions of personalized medicines can be built within the framework of producing medicines at dispensaries or pharmacies. This plan is a good replacement of the fit-for-all modality in conventional therapeutics, where clinicians are constrained to prescribe pre-formulated dose units available on the market. However, three-dimension printing of personalized medicines faces several hurdles, but these are not insurmountable. In this review, we explore the relevance of personalized medicines in therapeutics and how three-dimensional printing makes a good fit in current gaps within conventional therapeutics in order to secure an effective implementation of personalized medicines. We also explore the deployment of three-dimensional printing of personalized medicines based on practical, legal and regulatory provisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Amekyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | - Nashiru Billa
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Thakkar R, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Maniruzzaman M. Synergistic application of twin-screw granulation and selective laser sintering 3D printing for the development of pharmaceutical dosage forms with enhanced dissolution rates and physical properties. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:141-156. [PMID: 33838262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the first case of combining a novel continuous granulation technique with powder-bed fusion-based selective laser sintering (SLS) process to enhance the dissolution rate and physical properties of a poorly water-soluble drug. Selective laser sintering and binder jetting 3D printing processes have gained much attention in pharmaceutical dosage form manufacturing in recent times. These powder bed-based 3D printing platforms have been known to face printing and uniformity problems due to the inherent poor flow properties of the pharmaceutical physical mixtures. To address this issue a hot-melt extrusion-based versatile granulation process equipped with a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for the in-line monitoring of critical quality attributes (i.e., solid-state) of indomethacin was developed. The collected granules with enhanced flow properties were mixed with Kollidon® VA64 and a conductive excipient for efficient sintering. These mixtures were further characterized for their bulk properties observing an excellent flow and later subjected to an SLS-3D printing process. The physical mixtures, processed granules, and printed tablets were characterized using conventional as well as advanced solid-state characterizations. These characterizations revealed the amorphous nature of the drug in the processed granules and printed tablets. Further, the in vitro release testing of the tablets with produced granules as a reference standard depicted a notable dissolution advantage (100% drug released in 5 min at >pH 6.8) over the pure drug and the physical mixture. Our developed system known as DosePlus combines innovative continuous granulation and SLS-3D printing process which can potentially improve the physical properties of the bulk drug and formulations in comparison to when used in isolation. This process can further find application in continuous manufacturing of granules and additive manufacturing of pharmaceuticals to produce dosage forms with excellent uniformity and solubility advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Thakkar
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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48
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Brambilla CRM, Okafor-Muo OL, Hassanin H, ElShaer A. 3DP Printing of Oral Solid Formulations: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:358. [PMID: 33803163 PMCID: PMC8002067 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a recent technology, which gives the possibility to manufacture personalised dosage forms and it has a broad range of applications. One of the most developed, it is the manufacture of oral solid dosage and the four 3DP techniques which have been more used for their manufacture are FDM, inkjet 3DP, SLA and SLS. This systematic review is carried out to statistically analyze the current 3DP techniques employed in manufacturing oral solid formulations and assess the recent trends of this new technology. The work has been organised into four steps, (1) screening of the articles, definition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and classification of the articles in the two main groups (included/excluded); (2) quantification and characterisation of the included articles; (3) evaluation of the validity of data and data extraction process; (4) data analysis, discussion, and conclusion to define which technique offers the best properties to be applied in the manufacture of oral solid formulations. It has been observed that with SLS 3DP technique, all the characterisation tests required by the BP (drug content, drug dissolution profile, hardness, friability, disintegration time and uniformity of weight) have been performed in the majority of articles, except for the friability test. However, it is not possible to define which of the four 3DP techniques is the most suitable for the manufacture of oral solid formulations, because the selection is affected by different parameters, such as the type of formulation, the physical-mechanical properties to achieve. Moreover, each technique has its specific advantages and disadvantages, such as for FDM the biggest challenge is the degradation of the drug, due to high printing temperature process or for SLA is the toxicity of the carcinogenic risk of the photopolymerising material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara R. M. Brambilla
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacy and Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK; (C.R.M.B.); (O.L.O.-M.)
| | - Ogochukwu Lilian Okafor-Muo
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacy and Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK; (C.R.M.B.); (O.L.O.-M.)
| | - Hany Hassanin
- School of Engineering, Technology and Design, The University of Canterbury Christ Church, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Amr ElShaer
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacy and Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK; (C.R.M.B.); (O.L.O.-M.)
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49
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Cui M, Pan H, Fang D, Sun H, Qiao S, Pan W. Exploration and evaluation of dynamic dose-control platform for pediatric medicine based on Drop-on-Powder 3D printing technology. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120201. [PMID: 33539997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patient responses to doses vary widely, and affording limited doses to such a diverse population will inevitably yield unsatisfactory therapeutic effects and even adverse effects. In Particular, there is an urgent demand for a dynamic dose-control platform for pediatric patients, many of whom require diverse doses and flexible dose adjustments. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of using a drop-on-powder (DoP) technology-based desktop 3D printer to build a dynamic dose-control platform for theophylline (TP) and metoprolol tartrate (MT). In addition, the impact of drug loading patterns on the accuracy of dose regulation was also assessed. All of the printed tablets exhibited good mechanical properties and satisfactory structural integrity. On printing tablets with target drug doses, the accuracy was in the range of 91.2~108% with a small variation coefficient in the range of 0.5~3.2%. Compared with traditional divided-dose methods, drop-on-powder 3D printing technology exhibited higher accuracy in dose regulation, but had less impact on the in vitro drug release behavior. The results in this work clearly indicate the possibility and ability of DoP technology as a promising method for constructing a dynamic dose-control platform for the fabrication of personalized medicines for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsuo Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hao Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Dongyang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haowei Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weisan Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
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50
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Annereau M, Toussaint B, Dufaÿ Wojcicki A, Dufaÿ S, Diaz Salmeron R, Boudy V. [2D-3D printing in hospital pharmacies, what roles and challenges?]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2021; 79:361-374. [PMID: 33515591 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The additive technology or 2D and 3D printing are increasingly used in various industrial fields, from aeronautics to mechanics but also in the fields of health such as dentistry or for bone reconstructions. These techniques have been studied for about fifteen years by the academic community in the pharmaceutical field (medical device and drug), and recently they have started to be applied to produce drugs in industry and in hospitals. Indeed, the Food and Drug Administration approved in August 2015 the marketing of the first drug printed by additive technique, then in 2018 the first clinical trial using 3D printed drugs was carried out in Great Britain by a hospital pharmacy. 2D-3D printing is presented as one of the tools of a more personalized medicine, the techniques of additive printing allowing the production of tabs containing several drugs in one tab (polypills) and the development of custom modified-releases drugs. This approach could allow better acceptance of the finished product and secure manufacturing. The objective of this work is to highlight relevant printing technologies for implementation in hospital pharmacies, and to see how these technologies could lead to a change in pharmaceutical practices, to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Annereau
- Département recherche et développement pharmaceutique, Agencegénérale des équipements et produits de santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7, rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - B Toussaint
- Département recherche et développement pharmaceutique, Agencegénérale des équipements et produits de santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7, rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, CNRS, Inserm, UTCBS, Unité des technologies chimiques et biologiques pour la santé, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A Dufaÿ Wojcicki
- Département recherche et développement pharmaceutique, Agencegénérale des équipements et produits de santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7, rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Dufaÿ
- Département recherche et développement pharmaceutique, Agencegénérale des équipements et produits de santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7, rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R Diaz Salmeron
- Département recherche et développement pharmaceutique, Agencegénérale des équipements et produits de santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7, rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V Boudy
- Département recherche et développement pharmaceutique, Agencegénérale des équipements et produits de santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7, rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, CNRS, Inserm, UTCBS, Unité des technologies chimiques et biologiques pour la santé, 75006 Paris, France.
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