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Hassan AAA, Kristó K, Ibrahim YHEY, Regdon G, Sovány T. Quality by Design-Guided Systematic Development and Optimization of Mucoadhesive Buccal Films. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2375. [PMID: 37896135 PMCID: PMC10610159 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoadhesive buccal films have found increased popularity in pharmaceutical drug delivery due to the several advantages that they possess. The present study strives to develop and optimize chitosan-based mucoadhesive buccal films by relying on quality-by-design (QbD) principles. Previous knowledge and experience were employed to firstly identify the critical quality attributes (CQAs), followed by a thorough risk assessment, which led to the selection of seven critical material attributes and process parameters, namely, the polymer grade and concentration, the plasticizer type and concentration, the citric acid (CA) concentration, the amount of the casted solution, and the drying condition. Their effects on the breaking hardness and mucoadhesivity, selected as CQAs, were investigated in three steps by three designs of the experiment (DoE). The medium molecular weight of chitosan (CH) was the preferred choice in the optimized formulation, and its concentration was the most important factor affecting the CQAs, thickness, and moisture content of the films. It was found that 0.364 g/cm2 was the suitable amount of the casting solution, and its optimum drying conditions were presented in the form of a design space. Glycerol (Gly) was the best choice as a plasticizer, and a design space representing several combinations of CH and CA concentrations that produce films with the required quality was constructed at a fixed concentration of 35% Gly. A formula from this design space was selected and employed to load with two model drugs to test its drug-carrying properties for drugs with different physicochemical characteristics. Uniform drug distribution with an immediate release profile was achieved in both drugs, although one of the CQAs was outside of the specifications in the case of lidocaine-containing film. To summarize, the obtention of the optimum mucoadhesive buccal film based on CH was efficiently facilitated by the rational application of QbD principles and the DoE approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alharith A. A. Hassan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum P.O. Box 321, Sudan
| | - Katalin Kristó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
| | - Yousif H.-E. Y. Ibrahim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
- Pharmaceutics Department, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman P.O. Box 382, Sudan
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
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Buccal films: A review of therapeutic opportunities, formulations & relevant evaluation approaches. J Control Release 2022; 352:1071-1092. [PMID: 36351519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The potential of the mucoadhesive film technology is hard to ignore, owing to perceived superior patient acceptability versus buccal tablets, and significant therapeutic opportunities compared to conventional oral drug delivery systems, especially for those who suffer from dysphagia. In spite of this, current translation from published literature into the commercial marketplace is virtually non-existent, with no authorised mucoadhesive buccal films available in the UK and very few available in the USA. This review seeks to provide an overview of the mucoadhesive buccal film technology and identify key areas upon which to focus scientific efforts to facilitate the wider adoption of this patient-centric dosage form. Several indications and opportunities for development were identified, while discussing the patient-related factors influencing the use of these dosage forms. In addition, an overview of the technologies behind the manufacturing of these films was provided, highlighting manufacturing methods like solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, inkjet printing and three-dimensional printing. Over thirty mucoadhesive polymers were identified as being used in film formulations, with details surrounding their mucoadhesive capabilities as well as their inclusion alongside other key formulation constituents provided. Lastly, the importance of physiologically relevant in vitro evaluation methodologies was emphasised, which seek to improve in vivo correlations, potentially leading to better translation of mucoadhesive buccal films from the literature into the commercial marketplace.
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Dubashynskaya NV, Skorik YA. Patches as Polymeric Systems for Improved Delivery of Topical Corticosteroids: Advances and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12980. [PMID: 36361769 PMCID: PMC9657685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoadhesive polymer patches are a promising alternative for prolonged and controlled delivery of topical corticosteroids (CS) to improve their biopharmaceutical properties (mainly increasing local bioavailability and reducing systemic toxicity). The main biopharmaceutical advantages of patches compared to traditional oral dosage forms are their excellent bioadhesive properties and their increased drug residence time, modified and unidirectional drug release, improved local bioavailability and safety profile, additional pain receptor protection, and patient friendliness. This review describes the main approaches that can be used for the pharmaceutical R&D of oromucosal patches with improved physicochemical, mechanical, and pharmacological properties. The review mainly focuses on ways to increase the bioadhesion of oromucosal patches and to modify drug release, as well as ways to improve local bioavailability and safety by developing unidirectional -release poly-layer patches. Various techniques for obtaining patches and their influence on the structure and properties of the resulting dosage forms are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Filip D, Macocinschi D, Zaltariov MF, Gafitanu CA, Tuchilus CG, Bele A, Ciubotaru BI, Stoleru E, Bargan A. Mucoadhesive and Antimicrobial Allantoin/β Cyclodextrins-Loaded Carbopol Gels as Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070416. [PMID: 35877501 PMCID: PMC9320337 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allantoin and its β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes 1:1 have been used to prepare carbopol-based mucoadhesive gels. The gelation process occurred by adjustment with glycerol 10% in the presence of triethanolamine. The structural features induced by the presence of allantoin and the corresponding β-cyclodextrins inclusion complexes have been first investigated by infrared spectroscopy highlighting strong interactions within the gels network and ideal crosslinks for the self-healing behavior. The hydrophilicity of the gels was investigated by the determination of the surface tension parameters and the free energy of hydration. The interfacial free energy values indicated prolonged biocompatibility with blood. The gels-water molecule interactions in terms of sorption, permeability, and diffusion coefficients were evaluated by dynamic vapor sorption analysis. The self-assembly process through intermolecular H-bonding, the high hydrophilicity, the mechanical performance, the hydrolytic stability in simulated biological media, the biocompatibility with normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells, the mucoadhesivity and antimicrobial activity on selected microorganism species (S. Aureus and C. albicans) of the allantoin-based gels recommend them as promising scaffold alternatives in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Filip
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.F.); (A.B.); (B.-I.C.); (E.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Doina Macocinschi
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.F.); (A.B.); (B.-I.C.); (E.S.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.-F.Z.)
| | - Mirela-Fernanda Zaltariov
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.F.); (A.B.); (B.-I.C.); (E.S.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.-F.Z.)
| | - Carmen Anatolia Gafitanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cristina Gabriela Tuchilus
- “Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Adrian Bele
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.F.); (A.B.); (B.-I.C.); (E.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Bianca-Iulia Ciubotaru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.F.); (A.B.); (B.-I.C.); (E.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Elena Stoleru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.F.); (A.B.); (B.-I.C.); (E.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexandra Bargan
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.F.); (A.B.); (B.-I.C.); (E.S.); (A.B.)
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Recent Trends in Assessment of Cellulose Derivatives in Designing Novel and Nanoparticulate-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Improvement of Oral Health. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010092. [PMID: 35012115 PMCID: PMC8747402 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers are revolutionizing current pharmaceutical dosage forms design as excipient and gained huge importance because of significant influence in formulation development and drug delivery. Oral health refers to the health of the teeth, gums, and the entire oral-facial system that allows us to smile, speak, and chew. Since years, biopolymers stand out due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and stability. Polysaccharides such as cellulose and their derivatives possess properties like novel mechanical robustness and hydrophilicity that can be easily fabricated into controlled-release dosage forms. Cellulose attracts the dosage design attention because of constant drug release rate from the precursor nanoparticles. This review discusses the origin, extraction, preparation of cellulose derivatives and their use in formulation development of nanoparticles having multidisciplinary applications as pharmaceutical excipient and in drug delivery, as bacterial and plant cellulose have great potential for application in the biomedical area, including dentistry, protein and peptide delivery, colorectal cancer treatment, and in 3D printable dosage forms.
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Kida D, Zakrzewska A, Zborowski J, Szulc M, Karolewicz B. Polymer-Based Carriers in Dental Local Healing-Review and Future Challenges. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143948. [PMID: 34300865 PMCID: PMC8308048 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymers in drug formulation technology and the engineering of biomaterials for the treatment of oral diseases constitute a group of excipients that often possess additional properties in addition to their primary function, i.e., biological activity, sensitivity to stimuli, mucoadhesive properties, improved penetration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) across biological barriers, and effects on wound healing or gingival and bone tissue regeneration. Through the use of multifunctional polymers, it has become possible to design carriers and materials tailored to the specific conditions and site of application, to deliver the active substance directly to the affected tissue, including intra-periodontal pocket delivery, and to release the active substance in a timed manner, allowing for the improvement of the form of application and further development of therapeutic strategies. The scope of this review is polymeric drug carriers and materials developed from selected multifunctional groups of natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic polymers for topical therapeutic applications. Moreover, the characteristics of the topical application and the needs for the properties of carriers for topical administration of an active substance in the treatment of oral diseases are presented to more understand the difficulties associated with the design of optimal active substance carriers and materials for the treatment of lesions located in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kida
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-0315
| | - Aneta Zakrzewska
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Jacek Zborowski
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Szulc
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Mucoadhesion and Mechanical Assessment of Oral Films. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 159:105727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Helmy AM. Overview of recent advancements in the iontophoretic drug delivery to various tissues and organs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Design, fabrication and characterisation of drug-loaded vaginal films: State-of-the-art. J Control Release 2020; 327:477-499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Adeleke OA. Premium ethylcellulose polymer based architectures at work in drug delivery. Int J Pharm X 2019; 1:100023. [PMID: 31517288 PMCID: PMC6733301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Premium ethylcellulose polymers are hydrophobic cellulose ether based biomaterials widely employed as biocompatible templates for the design of novel drug delivery systems. They are classified as United States Food and Drug Administration Generally-Recognized-As-Safe chemical substances and have been extensively utilized within the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries for over half a century. They have so far demonstrated the potential to modulate and improve the physiological performance of bioactives leading to the desired enhanced prophylactic and therapeutic outcomes. This review therefore presents a scholarly survey of inter-disciplinary developments focused on the functionalities of ethylcellulose polymers as biomaterials useful for the design of smart delivery architectures for relevant pharmacotherapeutic biomedical applications. Emphasis was placed on evaluating scientific resources related to recent advancements and future directions associated with its applications as delivery systems for drugs and biologics within the past decade thus complementing other specialized reviews showcasing the theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin A. Adeleke
- Address: Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Tran PH, Duan W, Tran TT. Recent developments of nanoparticle-delivered dosage forms for buccal delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 571:118697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Gala RP, Morales JO, McConville JT. Preface to advances in thin film technologies in drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 571:118687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wasilewska K, Winnicka K. Ethylcellulose-A Pharmaceutical Excipient with Multidirectional Application in Drug Dosage Forms Development. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3386. [PMID: 31627271 PMCID: PMC6829386 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymers constitute the most important group of excipients utilized in modern pharmaceutical technology, playing an essential role in the development of drug dosage forms. Synthetic, semisynthetic, and natural polymeric materials offer opportunities to overcome different formulative challenges and to design novel dosage forms for controlled release or for site-specific drug delivery. They are extensively used to design therapeutic systems, modify drug release, or mask unpleasant drug taste. Cellulose derivatives are characterized by different physicochemical properties, such as swellability, viscosity, biodegradability, pH dependency, or mucoadhesion, which determine their use in industry. One cellulose derivative with widespread application is ethylcellulose. Ethylcellulose is used in pharmaceutical technology as a coating agent, flavoring fixative, binder, filler, film-former, drug carrier, or stabilizer. The aim of this article is to provide a broad overview of ethylcellulose utilization for pharmaceutical purposes, with particular emphasis on its multidirectional role in the development of oral and topical drug dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wasilewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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Baus RA, Haug MF, Leichner C, Jelkmann M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. In Vitro-in Vivo Correlation of Mucoadhesion Studies on Buccal Mucosa. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2719-2727. [PMID: 31038970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the development of novel buccoadhesive formulations, their physicochemical properties, strength of the interfacial joint, and residence time on the buccal mucosa are considered as a measure for their in vivo mucoadhesive properties. Focusing on these parameters, the predictive power of established in vitro systems was assessed for mucoadhesive properties in humans using discs as the model solid dosage form. METHODS Compressed into discs, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carbopol, polycarbophil, alginate, and xanthan gum were used as model polymers. Mucosal residence time, maximum detachment force (MDF), and total work of adhesion (TWA) were determined ex vivo on the porcine buccal mucosa and in vivo on healthy volunteers. The impact of detachment velocity, humidification, and experimental set-up employed for tensile studies was examined and correlated to in vivo studies. RESULTS Ex vivo results for mucosal residence time showed a very high correlation ( r = 0.997) with data obtained in vivo. For tensile studies, a set-up optimized for moistening the interface, speed, and alignment of the tensile force provided ex vivo results with very high correlation to in vivo experiments with r = 0.983 obtained for MDF and r = 0.973 for TWA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Experimental set-ups for the determination of mucosal residence time and tensile studies could be identified as valid methods for the development of intraoral solid dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Angela Baus
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Michael Franz Haug
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Christina Leichner
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Max Jelkmann
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
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