1
|
Saker R, Jójárt-Laczkovich O, Regdon G, Takács T, Szenti I, Bózsity-Faragó N, Zupkó I, Sovány T. Surface Modification of Titanate Nanotubes with a Carboxylic Arm for Further Functionalization Intended to Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2780. [PMID: 38140120 PMCID: PMC10747471 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is playing a significant role in modern life with tremendous potential and promising results in almost every domain, especially the pharmaceutical one. The impressive performance of nanomaterials is shaping the future of science and revolutionizing the traditional concepts of industry and research. Titanate nanotubes (TNTs) are one of these novel entities that became an appropriate choice to apply in several platforms due to their remarkable properties such as preparation simplicity, high stability, good biocompatibility, affordability and low toxicity. Surface modification of these nanotubes is also promoting their superior characters and contributing more to the enhancement of their performance. In this research work, an attempt was made to functionalize the surface of titanate nanotubes with carboxylic groups to increase their surface reactivity and widen the possibility of bonding different molecules that could not be bonded directly. Three carboxylic acids were investigated (trichloroacetic acid, citric acid and acrylic acid), and the prepared composites were examined using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The toxicity of these functionalized TNTs was also investigated using adherent cancer cell lines and fibroblasts to determine their safety profile and to draw the basic lines for their intended future application. Based on the experimental results, acrylic acid could be the suitable choice for permanent surface modification with multiple carboxylic groups due to its possibility to be polymerized, thus presenting the opportunity to link additional molecules of interest such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and/or other molecules at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranim Saker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.S.); (O.J.-L.)
| | - Orsolya Jójárt-Laczkovich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.S.); (O.J.-L.)
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.S.); (O.J.-L.)
| | - Tamás Takács
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér. 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Imre Szenti
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér. 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Noémi Bózsity-Faragó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.-F.); (I.Z.)
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.-F.); (I.Z.)
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.S.); (O.J.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hassan AAA, Kristó K, Ibrahim YHEY, Regdon G, Sovány T. Quality by Design-Guided Systematic Development and Optimization of Mucoadhesive Buccal Films. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2375. [PMID: 37896135 PMCID: PMC10610159 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoadhesive buccal films have found increased popularity in pharmaceutical drug delivery due to the several advantages that they possess. The present study strives to develop and optimize chitosan-based mucoadhesive buccal films by relying on quality-by-design (QbD) principles. Previous knowledge and experience were employed to firstly identify the critical quality attributes (CQAs), followed by a thorough risk assessment, which led to the selection of seven critical material attributes and process parameters, namely, the polymer grade and concentration, the plasticizer type and concentration, the citric acid (CA) concentration, the amount of the casted solution, and the drying condition. Their effects on the breaking hardness and mucoadhesivity, selected as CQAs, were investigated in three steps by three designs of the experiment (DoE). The medium molecular weight of chitosan (CH) was the preferred choice in the optimized formulation, and its concentration was the most important factor affecting the CQAs, thickness, and moisture content of the films. It was found that 0.364 g/cm2 was the suitable amount of the casting solution, and its optimum drying conditions were presented in the form of a design space. Glycerol (Gly) was the best choice as a plasticizer, and a design space representing several combinations of CH and CA concentrations that produce films with the required quality was constructed at a fixed concentration of 35% Gly. A formula from this design space was selected and employed to load with two model drugs to test its drug-carrying properties for drugs with different physicochemical characteristics. Uniform drug distribution with an immediate release profile was achieved in both drugs, although one of the CQAs was outside of the specifications in the case of lidocaine-containing film. To summarize, the obtention of the optimum mucoadhesive buccal film based on CH was efficiently facilitated by the rational application of QbD principles and the DoE approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alharith A. A. Hassan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum P.O. Box 321, Sudan
| | - Katalin Kristó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
| | - Yousif H.-E. Y. Ibrahim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
- Pharmaceutics Department, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman P.O. Box 382, Sudan
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pamlényi K, Regdon G, Jójárt-Laczkovich O, Nemes D, Bácskay I, Kristó K. Formulation and characterization of pramipexole containing buccal films for using in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023:106491. [PMID: 37301240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is neurodegenerative chronic illness which affects primarily the elderly over 45 years of age. The symptoms can be various, both non-motor and motor symptoms can appear. The biggest problem in the treatment of the disease is the difficulty in swallowing for the patients. However, buccal patches can solve this problem because the patients do not have to swallow the dosage form, and during application, the API can absorb from the area of the buccal mucosa quickly without causing a foreign body sensation. In our present study, we focused on the development of buccal polymer films with pramipexole dihydrochloride (PR). Films with different compositions were formulated and their mechanical properties and chemical interactions were investigated. The biocompatibility of the film compositions was examined on the TR146 buccal cell line. The permeation of PR was also monitored across the TR146 human cell line. It can be stated that the plasticizer can enhance the thickness and the breaking hardness of the films, while not decreasing their mucoadhesivity significantly. All formulations proved to have cell viability higher than 87%. Finally, we found the best composition (3% SA+1% GLY-PR-Sample1) which can be applied on the buccal mucosa in the treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Pamlényi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Jójárt-Laczkovich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Nemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kristó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Šahinović M, Hassan A, Kristó K, Regdon G, Vranić E, Sovány T. Quality by Design-Based Development of Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) as a Potential Carrier for Oral Delivery of Lysozyme. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030995. [PMID: 36986855 PMCID: PMC10058933 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, researchers have been making efforts to find a manufacturing technique, as well as a drug delivery system, that will allow for oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals to their target site of action without impairing their biological activity. Due to the positive in vivo outcomes of this formulation strategy, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) have been intensively studied in the last few years as a way of overcoming the different challenges associated with the oral delivery of macromolecules. The purpose of the present study was to examine the possibility of developing solid SEDDSs as potential carriers for the oral delivery of lysozyme (LYS) using the Quality by Design (QbD) concept. LYS was successfully ion paired with anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and this complex was incorporated into a previously developed and optimized liquid SEDDS formulation comprising medium-chain triglycerides, polysorbate 80, and PEG 400. The final formulation of a liquid SEDDS carrying the LYS:SDS complex showed satisfactory in vitro characteristics as well as self-emulsifying properties (droplet size: 13.02 nm, PDI: 0.245, and zeta potential: -4.85 mV). The obtained nanoemulsions were robust to dilution in the different media and highly stable after 7 days, with a minor increase in droplet size (13.84 nm) and constant negative zeta potential (-0.49 mV). An optimized liquid SEDDS loaded with the LYS:SDS complex was further solidified into powders by adsorption onto a chosen solid carrier, followed by direct compression into self-emulsifying tablets. Solid SEDDS formulations also exhibited acceptable in vitro characteristics, while LYS preserved its therapeutic activity in all phases of the development process. On the basis of the results gathered, loading the hydrophobic ion pairs of therapeutic proteins and peptides to solid SEDDS may serve as a potential method for delivering biopharmaceuticals orally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merima Šahinović
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alharith Hassan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u 6., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kristó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u 6., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u 6., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edina Vranić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u 6., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haimhoffer Á, Vas A, Árvai G, Fenyvesi É, Jicsinszky L, Budai I, Bényei A, Regdon G, Rusznyák Á, Vasvári G, Váradi J, Bácskay I, Vecsernyés M, Fenyvesi F. Investigation of the Drug Carrier Properties of Insoluble Cyclodextrin Polymer Microspheres. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070931. [PMID: 35883488 PMCID: PMC9313285 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the usability of solid insoluble β-cyclodextrin polymers (βCDP) in micro-sized, controlled drug delivery systems has only recently attracted interest. Our aim was to form complexes with poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with two types of βCDP for drug delivery applications. Solid insoluble cyclodextrin polymer of irregular shape (βCDPIS) and cyclodextrin microbeads (βCDPB) were used in the experiments. Morphology, surface area, size distribution and swelling capacity of carriers were investigated. We created complexes with two APIs, curcumin and estradiol, and applied powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR and thermal analysis (TGA/DSC) to prove the complexation. Finally, the dissolution, biocompatibility and permeation of APIs on Caco-2 cells were investigated. The size of the beads was larger than 100 µm, their shape was spherical and surfaces were smooth; while the βCDPIS particles were around 4 µm with irregular shape and surface. None of the polymers showed any cytotoxic effect on Caco-2 cells. Both carriers were able to extract curcumin and estradiol from aqueous solutions, and the dissolution test showed prolonged estradiol release. Caco-2 permeability tests were in accordance with the complexation abilities and dissolution of the complexes. This study offers useful data for further pharmaceutical applications of insoluble cyclodextrin polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (A.V.); (G.Á.); (Á.R.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Vas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (A.V.); (G.Á.); (Á.R.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Gabriella Árvai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (A.V.); (G.Á.); (Á.R.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Éva Fenyvesi
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin R & D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos St. 7, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - László Jicsinszky
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - István Budai
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, Ótemető Street 2-4, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Sqr. 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Ágnes Rusznyák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (A.V.); (G.Á.); (Á.R.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (A.V.); (G.Á.); (Á.R.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (A.V.); (G.Á.); (Á.R.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (A.V.); (G.Á.); (Á.R.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (A.V.); (G.Á.); (Á.R.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (A.V.); (G.Á.); (Á.R.); (G.V.); (J.V.); (I.B.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kristó K, Csík E, Sebők D, Kukovecz Á, Sovány T, Regdon G, Csóka I, Penke B, Pintye-Hódi K. Effects of the controlled temperature in the production of high-shear granulated protein-containing granules. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
7
|
Arany P, Papp I, Zichar M, Regdon G, Béres M, Szalóki M, Kovács R, Fehér P, Ujhelyi Z, Vecsernyés M, Bácskay I. Manufacturing and Examination of Vaginal Drug Delivery System by FDM 3D Printing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1714. [PMID: 34684007 PMCID: PMC8539995 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal drug delivery systems can provide a long-term and constant liberation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient even for months. For our experiment, FDM 3D printing was used to manufacture the vaginal ring samples from thermoplastic polyurethane filament, which enables fast manufacturing of complex, personalized medications. 3D printing can be an excellent alternative instead of industrial manufacturing, which is complicated and time-consuming. In our work, the 3D printed vaginal rings were filled manually with jellified metronidazole or chloramphenicol for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. The need for manual filling was certified by the thermogravimetric and heatflow assay results. The manufactured samples were analyzed by an Erweka USP type II Dissolution Apparatus, and the dissolution profile can be distinguished based on the applied jellifying agents and the API's. All samples were considered non-similar based on the pairwise comparison. The biocompatibility properties were determined by prolonged MTT assay on HeLa cells, and the polymer could be considered non-toxic. Based on the microbiological assay on E. coli metronidazole and chitosan containing samples had bactericidal effects while just metronidazole or just chitosan containing samples bacteriostatic effect. None of these samples showed a fungistatic or fungicide effect against C. albicans. Based on our results, we successfully manufactured 3D printed vaginal rings filled with jellified metronidazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Arany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (M.V.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Papp
- Department of Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai út 26, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marianna Zichar
- Department of Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai út 26, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Mónika Béres
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Melinda Szalóki
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (M.V.)
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (M.V.)
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (M.V.)
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (M.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ludasi K, Jójárt-Laczkovich O, Sovány T, Hopp B, Smausz T, Andrásik A, Gera T, Kovács Z, Regdon G. Anti-counterfeiting protection, personalized medicines - Development of 2D identification methods using laser technology. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120793. [PMID: 34119582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Counterfeiting of the products for healing is as old as trading, and it is difficult to quantify the magnitude of the problem. It is known that substandard and/or falsified (SF) medicines are a growing global threat to health, and they cause serious social and economic damage. The EU has a strong legal framework for medicines, it is mandatory to meet the requirements of Directive 2011/62/EU. Serialisation prevents SF medicinal products from entering the legal distribution chain. The present study is an extension of the original idea and aims to develop a laser technology-based method to mark an individual traceable code on the surface of the tablet, which technology can also be used for marking personalized medicines. The method is based on the ablation of the upper layer of a double-layer, differently coloured coating. The 2D code should be formed without harming the functional layer, and anyone with a smartphone integrated with a camera should be able to authenticate these drugs with a suitable application. The present findings confirmed that KrF excimer laser and Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser are efficient and reliable for marking. These should be promising candidates for pharmaceutical companies that would like to have additional protection against drug counterfeiters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Ludasi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Jójárt-Laczkovich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Hopp
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Smausz
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Andrásik
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gera
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kovács
- Department of Experimental Physics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of High Energy Experimental Particle and Heavy Ion Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33., 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6., 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pamlényi K, Kristó K, Jójárt-Laczkovich O, Regdon G. Formulation and Optimization of Sodium Alginate Polymer Film as a Buccal Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System Containing Cetirizine Dihydrochloride. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050619. [PMID: 33925927 PMCID: PMC8146756 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, pharmaceutical companies are working on innovative methods, processes and products. Oral mucoadhesive systems, such as tablets, gels, and polymer films, are among these possible products. Oral mucoadhesive systems possess many advantages, including the possibility to be applied in swallowing problems. The present study focused on formulating buccal mucoadhesive polymer films and investigating the physical and physical–chemical properties of films. Sodium alginate (SA) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were used as film-forming agents, glycerol (GLY) was added as a plasticizer, and cetirizine dihydrochloride (CTZ) was used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The polymer films were prepared at room temperature with the solvent casting method by mixed two-level and three-level factorial designs. The thickness, tensile strength (hardness), mucoadhesivity, surface free energy (SFE), FTIR, and Raman spectra, as well as the dissolution of the prepared films, were investigated. The investigations showed that GLY can reduce the mucoadhesivity of films, and CTZ can increase the tensile strength of films. The distribution of CTZ proved to be homogeneous in the films. The API could dissolve completely from all the films. We can conclude that polymer films with 1% and 3% GLY concentrations are appropriate to be formulated for application on the buccal mucosa as a drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Géza Regdon
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +36-62-545574; Fax: +36-62-545571
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Arany P, Papp I, Zichar M, Csontos M, Elek J, Regdon G, Budai I, Béres M, Gesztelyi R, Fehér P, Ujhelyi Z, Vasvári G, Haimhoffer Á, Fenyvesi F, Váradi J, Miklós V, Bácskay I. In Vitro Tests of FDM 3D-Printed Diclofenac Sodium-Containing Implants. Molecules 2020; 25:E5889. [PMID: 33322100 PMCID: PMC7764218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising emerging innovations in personalized medication is based on 3D printing technology. For use as authorized medications, 3D-printed products require different in vitro tests, including dissolution and biocompatibility investigations. Our objective was to manufacture implantable drug delivery systems using fused deposition modeling, and in vitro tests were performed for the assessment of these products. Polylactic acid, antibacterial polylactic acid, polyethylene terephthalate glycol, and poly(methyl methacrylate) filaments were selected, and samples with 16, 19, or 22 mm diameters and 0%, 5%, 10%, or 15% infill percentages were produced. The dissolution test was performed by a USP dissolution apparatus 1. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide dye (MTT)-based prolonged cytotoxicity test was performed on Caco-2 cells to certify the cytocompatibility properties. The implantable drug delivery systems were characterized by thermogravimetric and heatflow assay, contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy, microcomputed tomography, and Raman spectroscopy. Based on our results, it can be stated that the samples are considered nontoxic. The dissolution profiles are influenced by the material properties of the polymers, the diameter, and the infill percentage. Our results confirm the potential of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing for the manufacturing of different implantable drug delivery systems in personalized medicine and may be applied during surgical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Arany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Papp
- Department of Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai út 26, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marianna Zichar
- Department of Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai út 26, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Máté Csontos
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - János Elek
- Science Port Kft., Varró utca 21, H-5300 Karcag, Hungary;
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - István Budai
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, Ótemető utca 2-4, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Mónika Béres
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Vecsernyés Miklós
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (G.V.); (Á.H.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (V.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kelemen A, Katona B, Módra S, Aigner Z, Sebe I, Pintye-Hódi K, Zelkó R, Regdon G, Kristó K. Effects of Sucrose Palmitate on the Physico-Chemical and Mucoadhesive Properties of Buccal Films. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225248. [PMID: 33187115 PMCID: PMC7697652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In our current research, sucrose palmitate (SP) was applied as a possible permeation enhancer for buccal use. This route of administration is a novelty as there is no literature on the use of SP in buccal mucoadhesive films. Films containing SP were prepared at different temperatures, with different concentrations of SP and different lengths of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) chains. The mechanical, structural, and in vitro mucoadhesive properties of films containing SP were investigated. Tensile strength and mucoadhesive force were measured with a device and software developed in our Institute. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD) were applied for the structure analysis of the films. Mucoadhesive work was calculated in two ways: from the measured contact angle and compared with direct mucoadhesive work, which measured mucoadhesive force, which is direct mucoadhesion work. These results correlate linearly with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. It is also novel because it is a new method for the determination of mucoadhesive work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Kelemen
- Department of Applied Informatics, University of Szeged, Boldogasszony sgt. 6., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Bálint Katona
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (S.M.); (Z.A.); (K.P.-H.); (K.K.)
| | - Szilvia Módra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (S.M.); (Z.A.); (K.P.-H.); (K.K.)
| | - Zoltán Aigner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (S.M.); (Z.A.); (K.P.-H.); (K.K.)
| | - István Sebe
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 7-9., H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Klára Pintye-Hódi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (S.M.); (Z.A.); (K.P.-H.); (K.K.)
| | - Romána Zelkó
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 7-9., H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (S.M.); (Z.A.); (K.P.-H.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545574; Fax: +36-62-545571
| | - Katalin Kristó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (S.M.); (Z.A.); (K.P.-H.); (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Jesus JHF, Szilágyi IM, Regdon G, Cavalheiro ETG. Thermal behavior of food preservative sorbic acid and its derivates. Food Chem 2020; 337:127770. [PMID: 32795858 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sorbic acid and its potassium and calcium salts used as food preservatives and sorbic chloride were submitted to thermal analysis in order to characterize their thermal behavior on heating and cooling processes, using TG/DTG/DTA, TG-MS, DSC, hot stage microscopy and DRX analysis. Sorbic acid melted and decomposed under dynamic heating. Under isothermal it sublimated without decomposition before melting (T < 134 °C). The potassium salt presented a solid-solid phase transition before decomposition. Both potassium and calcium salts decomposed in temperatures higher than the acid without melting, producing the respective carbonates and oxides as final residues. Sorbic chloride evaporate without condensation, on dynamic heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H F de Jesus
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, CEP 13566590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Muegyetem rakpart 3., Budapest, Hungary
| | - I M Szilágyi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Muegyetem rakpart 3., Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - E T G Cavalheiro
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, CEP 13566590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ibrahim YHEY, Regdon G, Hamedelniel EI, Sovány T. Review of recently used techniques and materials to improve the efficiency of orally administered proteins/peptides. Daru 2020; 28:403-416. [PMID: 31811628 PMCID: PMC7214593 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of present review is to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of recently developed methods to improve the bioavailability of orally administered biopharmaceutical drugs. METHODS A systematic search of sciencedirect, tandfonline and Google Scholar databases based on various sets of keywords was performed. All results were evaluated based on their abstracts, and irrelevant studies were neglected during further evaluation. RESULTS At present, biopharmaceuticals are used as injectable therapies as they are not absorbed adequately from the different routes of drug administration, particularly the oral one. Their insufficient absorption is attributed to their high molecular weight, degradation by proteolytic enzymes, high hydrophilicity and rigidity of the absorptive tissues. From industrial aspect incorporation of enzyme inhibitors (EIs) and permeation enhancers (PEs) and mucoadhesive polymers into conventional dosage forms may be the easiest way of formulation of orally administered macromolecular drugs, but the effectiveness of protection and absorption enhancement here is the most questionable. Conjugation may be problematic from regulatory aspect. Encapsulation into lipid-based vesicles sufficiently protects the incorporated macromolecule and improves intestinal uptake but have considerable stability issues. In contrast, polymeric nanocarriers may provide good stability but provides lower internalization efficacy in comparison with the lipid-based carriers. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the combination of the advantages of mucoadhesive polymeric and lid-based carriers in hybrid lipid/polymer nanoparticles may result in improved absorption and might represent a potential means for the oral administration of therapeutic proteins in the near future. Graphical abstract Delivery systems for oral protein daministration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousif H-E Y Ibrahim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
- Pharmaceutics Department, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Sovány
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ibrahim YHE, Regdon G, Kristó K, Kelemen A, Adam ME, Hamedelniel EI, Sovány T. Design and characterization of chitosan/citrate films as carrier for oral macromolecule delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 146:105270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Csóka I, Regdon G, Sovány T, Dreu R. Selected papers of the “12th central European symposium on pharmaceutical technology and regulatory affairs”. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 145:105238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
16
|
Ranjous Y, Regdon G, Pintye-Hódi K, Varga T, Szenti I, Kónya Z, Sovány T. Optimization of the Production Process and Product Quality of Titanate Nanotube-Drug Composites. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E1406. [PMID: 31581711 PMCID: PMC6835682 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the application of nanotubular structures for drug delivery. There are several promising results with carbon nanotubes; however, in light of some toxicity issues, the search for alternative materials has come into focus. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the applied solvent on the composite formation of titanate nanotubes (TNTs) with various drugs in order to improve their pharmacokinetics, such as solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Composites were formed by the dissolution of atenolol (ATN) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in ethanol, methanol, 0.01 M hydrochloric acid or in ethanol, 1M sodium hydroxide, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively, and then they were mixed with a suspension of TNTs under sonication for 30 min and vacuum-dried for 24 h. The structural properties of composites were characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and optical contact angle (OCA) measurements. Drug release was determined from the fast disintegrating tablets using a dissolution tester coupled with a UV-Vis spectrometer. The results revealed that not only the good solubility of the drug in the applied solvent, but also the high volatility of the solvent, is necessary for an optimal composite-formation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Ranjous
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Y.R.); (K.P.-H.)
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Y.R.); (K.P.-H.)
| | - Klára Pintye-Hódi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Y.R.); (K.P.-H.)
| | - Tamás Varga
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.V.); (I.S.); (Z.K.)
| | - Imre Szenti
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.V.); (I.S.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.V.); (I.S.); (Z.K.)
- Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Y.R.); (K.P.-H.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ludasi K, Jójárt-Laczkovich O, Sovány T, Hopp B, Smausz T, Regdon G. Comparison of conventionally and naturally coloured coatings marked by laser technology for unique 2D coding of pharmaceuticals. Int J Pharm 2019; 570:118665. [PMID: 31499234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Substandard and/or falsified medicines are a growing global threat for health and they cause serious social and economic damage. In low- and middle-income countries the failure rate of these medical products is approximately 10.5%. 50% of medicines purchased over the Internet may be fake. According to Directive 2011/62/EU as regards the prevention of falsified medicines from entering into the legal supply chain, a unique identification should be put on each box of drugs in the EU from 9th February 2019. The current project is focusing on the development of a laser technology to mark an individual traceable code on the surface of the tablet. Usually, coatings contain titanium dioxide for sufficient coverage, which makes precision laser coding more difficult. New naturally coloured films do not include those excipients. In this research, we would like to compare the physical-chemical properties of conventionally and naturally coloured coatings after the laser marking procedure by using two types of lasers. This unique identification technology can be used for marking personalized medicine with the doses tailored for each patient, too. To sum up, the present findings may contribute to efficient and reliable laser marking solutions in the unique identification procedure. Based on our measurement results, it can be stated that excimer UV lasers are promising candidates as marking instruments for the polymer film in both conventionally and naturally coloured coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Ludasi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Jójárt-Laczkovich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Hopp
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tomi Smausz
- MTA-SZTE Research Group on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ranjous Y, Regdon G, Pintye-Hódi K, Sovány T. Standpoint on the priority of TNTs and CNTs as targeted drug delivery systems. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1704-1709. [PMID: 31158513 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
19
|
Korteby Y, Mahdi Y, Daoud K, Regdon G. A novel insight into fluid bed melt granulation: Temperature mapping for the determination of granule formation with the in-situ and spray-on techniques. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 127:351-362. [PMID: 30195648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The in-line control of pharmaceutical processes has become a necessary tool for the evaluation and follow-up of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this study, a novel approach to the evaluation of conditions established in a conical fluid bed granulator during the in-situ and spray-on fluid bed melt granulation (FBMG) techniques was developed. The determination of temperature mappings allowed the characterization of the critical zones during the melt granulation and the prediction of the volume of the wetting zone, hence enabling the identification of the areas of optimal granule growth. Two grades of polyethylene glycol (PEG 2000 and 6000) were used as meltable binders in three binder spraying rates and droplet size fractions for spray-on and three binder particle sizes and contents for in-situ. The results showed the presence of intense heat exchange in the bottom of the bed during the in-situ technique and under the spraying nozzle during the spray-on technique, identified as the wetting zone. Isotherm maps enabled the identification of the transition between the wetting, cooling and consolidation zones for the spray-on and the cooling zone for the in-situ technique. The shape and volume of the wetting zone was highly dependent on binder spraying rate and spraying pressure for spray-on and binder particle size and content for in-situ FBMG. Granule size and size distribution were correlated to the volume of the wetting zone and an optimized wetting volume interval was determined for both spray-on and in-situ techniques for the optimal quality attributes of the granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Korteby
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Yassine Mahdi
- Laboratory of Transfer Phenomena, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Process Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP32 Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Kamel Daoud
- Laboratory of Transfer Phenomena, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Process Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP32 Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vasvári G, Csontos B, Sovány T, Regdon G, Bényei A, Váradi J, Bácskay I, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Sinka D, Nguyen TLP, Vecsernyés M, Fenyvesi F. Development and Characterisation of Modified Release Hard Gelatin Capsules, Based on In Situ Lipid Matrix Formation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3165-3176. [PMID: 30136176 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new technology was developed to form extended release hard gelatin capsules, based on the lipid matrix formation of Gelucire 50/13 and cetostearyl alcohol. Matrices were formed in situ by filling pulverised lipids, ethylcellulose and active ingredients such as diclofenac sodium, acetaminophen and metronidazol into capsules and heating at 63°C for 11 min. Effects of heating were investigated also on the brittleness of capsule shells. Inhibition of the evaporation of water reduced capsule damage. Dissolution tests and texture analysis were performed to discover the release and mechanical profiles of the matrices. Tests were repeated after 1 month storage and results were compared. Gelucire 50/13 alone prolonged drug release but cetostearyl alcohol slowed drug liberation even further. Drug release from all compositions was found to follow first-order kinetic. Significant softening of the matrices was detected during storage in composition containing only Gelucire 50/13, ethylcellulose and diclofenac sodium. Thermal analysis and IR tests were also performed to discover physicochemical interactions between active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients. Thermal analysis confirmed a notable interaction between diclofenac sodium and Gelucire 50/13 which could be the cause of the observed softening. In conclusion, modified release hard gelatin capsules were developed by a simple and fast monolithic lipid matrix formation method.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ludasi K, Sovány T, Laczkovich O, Hopp B, Smausz T, Regdon G. Unique laser coding technology to fight falsified medicines. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Korteby Y, Kristó K, Sovány T, Regdon G. Use of machine learning tool to elucidate and characterize the growth mechanism of an in-situ fluid bed melt granulation. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Sipos B, Pintye-Hódi K, Kónya Z, Kelemen A, Regdon G, Sovány T. Physicochemical characterisation and investigation of the bonding mechanisms of API-titanate nanotube composites as new drug carrier systems. Int J Pharm 2016; 518:119-129. [PMID: 28027919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Titanate nanotube (TNT) has recently been explored as a new carrier material for active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The aim of the present work was to reveal the physicochemical properties of API-TNT composites, focusing on the interactions between the TNTs and the incorporated APIs. Drugs belonging to different Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) classes were loaded into TNTs: diltiazem hydrochloride (BCS I.), diclofenac sodium (BCS II.), atenolol (BCS III.) and hydrochlorothiazide (BCS IV.). Experimental results demonstrated that it is feasible for spiral cross-sectioned titanate nanotubes to carry drugs and maintain their bioactivity. The structural properties of the composites were characterized by a range of analytical techniques, including FT-IR, DSC, TG-MS, etc. The interactions between APIs and TNTs were identified as electrostatic attractions, mainly dominated by hydrogen bonds. Based on the results, it can be stated that the strength of the association depends on the hydrogen donor strength of the API. The drug release of incorporated APIs was evaluated from compressed tablets and compared to that of pure APIs. Differences noticed in the dissolution profiles due to incorporation showed a correlation with the strength of interactions between the APIs and the TNTs observed in the above analytical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sipos
- University of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Pintye-Hódi
- University of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- University of Szeged, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged, Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Kelemen
- University of Szeged, Department of Applied Informatics, Boldogasszony sgt. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Géza Regdon
- University of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Sovány
- University of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kristó K, Kovács O, Kelemen A, Lajkó F, Klivényi G, Jancsik B, Pintye-Hódi K, Regdon G. Process analytical technology (PAT) approach to the formulation of thermosensitive protein-loaded pellets: Multi-point monitoring of temperature in a high-shear pelletization. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 95:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
Hegyesi D, Thommes M, Kleinebudde P, Sovány T, Kása P, Kelemen A, Pintye-Hódi K, Regdon G. Preparation and physicochemical characterization of matrix pellets containing APIs with different solubility via extrusion process. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:458-464. [PMID: 27838930 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1261150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a multiparticulate matrix system was produced, containing two different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs): enalapril-maleate and hydrochlorothiazide. The critical control points of the process were investigated by means of factorial design. Beside the generally used microcrystalline cellulose, ethylcellulose was used as matrix former to achieve modified drug release ensured by diffusion. The matrix pellets were made by extrusion-spheronization using a twin-screw extruder. Some pellet properties (aspect ratio, 10% interval fraction, hardness, deformation process) were determined. The aim of our study was to investigate how the two different APIs with different solubility and particle size influence the process. The amount of the granulation liquid plays a key role in the pellet shaping. A higher liquid feed rate is preferred in the pelletization process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diána Hegyesi
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.,b Gedeon Richter Ltd. , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Markus Thommes
- c Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Chair of Solids Process Engineering , Technical University Dortmund , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Peter Kleinebudde
- d Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics , Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Tamás Sovány
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Péter Kása
- e Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH Magyarországi Fióktelepe , Budapest , Hungary
| | - András Kelemen
- f Department of Applied Informatics , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Klára Pintye-Hódi
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Géza Regdon
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aleksovski A, Van Bockstal PJ, Roškar R, Sovány T, Regdon G, De Beer T, Vervaet C, Dreu R. Comparison of metoprolol tartrate multiple-unit lipid matrix systems produced by different technologies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 88:233-45. [PMID: 26980237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop, evaluate and compare extended release mini-matrices based on metoprolol tartrate (MPT) and either glyceryl behenate (GB) or glyceryl palmitostearate (GPS). Mini-matrices were produced by three different techniques: hot melt extrusion, compression of melt granulates and prilling. Hot-melt extrusion and compression of granules obtained from melted material proved to be reliable, robust and reproducible techniques with aim of obtaining extended release matrices. Prilling tended to be susceptible to increased melt viscosity. Direct compression was not applicable for mini-matrix production due to poor powder flow. In general MPT release from all matrices was affected by its loading and the size of the units/particles. Processing of GB-MPT mixtures by different techniques did not lead to different drug release rates and patterns, while in case of GPS differently obtained matrices provided diverse MPT release outcomes. Matrices based on GB tended to have higher porosity compared to ones composed of GPS and thus most of the GB-based formulations showed faster drug delivery. FT-IR analysis revealed no interactions between primary components used for matrix production and Raman mapping outlined uniform MPT distribution throughout the units. DSC and X-ray studies revealed significant changes in the crystallinity of glycerides after storage under room conditions (GPS samples) and at increased temperature (GB and GPS samples), which was correlated to the changes seen in drug release rate and pattern after storage. Media composition in general tended to insignificantly affect GB matrices, while in case of GPS matrices increasing the pH and presence of biorelevant compounds induced faster drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Aleksovski
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pieter-Jan Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert Roškar
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Géza Regdon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rok Dreu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nikowitz K, Domján A, Pintye-Hódi K, Regdon G. Multivariate calibration of the degree of crystallinity in intact pellets by X-ray powder diffraction. Int J Pharm 2016; 502:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
28
|
Papós K, Kása P, Ilič I, Blatnik-Urek S, Regdon G, Srčič S, Pintye-Hódi K, Sovány T. Effect of the surface free energy of materials on the lamination tendency of bilayer tablets. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:609-13. [PMID: 26546910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dosage forms with fixed dose combinations of drugs is a frequent and advantageous mode of administration, but their production involves a number of technological problems. Numerous interactions in a homogeneous vehicle may be avoided through the use of layered tablets. The mechanical properties of these dosage forms depend on numerous process parameters and material characteristics. The aim of the present study was a detailed investigation of the relationships between the surface characteristics and deformation properties of tableting materials and the tendency of bilayer tablets to undergo lamination. Bilayer tablets were compressed from unlubricated materials with different plastic-elastic properties and surface free energies according to a mixed 2 and 3-level half-replicated factorial design. The results revealed that the surface characteristics play the main role in the lamination of layered tablets and the effect of the plastic-elastic behavior cannot be interpreted without a knowledge of these properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Papós
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Péter Kása
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ilija Ilič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Géza Regdon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Stane Srčič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Klára Pintye-Hódi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sipos B, Regdon G, Sovány T. [Titanate nanotubes in the therapy]. Acta Pharm Hung 2015; 85:71-79. [PMID: 26390737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The demand for revealing the medical advantages offered by nanotechnology is increasing more and more. Titanate nanotubes deserve consideration in many aspects. Their production is easy, cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Due to their special physico-chemical properties, titanate nanotubes can play an important role in different fields of therapy, such as medical diagnostics, implantology, or even as cancer treatment. The aim of our work is to present the titanate nanotubes and give an overview on their medical applicability through the results of previous researches.
Collapse
|
30
|
Hegyesi D, Süvegh K, Kelemen A, Pintye-Hódi K, Regdon G. Characterization of ethylcellulose free films by positron annihilation spectroscopy and mechanical testing. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
31
|
Kristó K, Sovány T, Hódi K, Regdon G. [Application of biosensors from the point of drug research]. Acta Pharm Hung 2014; 84:137-143. [PMID: 25872276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing number of protein active agents produced by the biotechnological route, the suitable analytical methods will also be important. The detection of small changes of protein and the monitoring of the processes of the biotechnological procedure are important. Biosensors can be applied for the detection of very low concentrations with nearly 100% selectivity. The aims of our work are to give basic information about biosensors, about their grouping and potential field of application.
Collapse
|
32
|
Nikowitz K, Folttmann F, Wirges M, Knop K, Pintye-Hódi K, Regdon G, Kleinebudde P. Development of a Raman method to follow the evolution of coating thickness of pellets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1005-10. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.795583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
33
|
Bölcskei É, Regdon G, Sovány T, Ghanam D, Knop K, Kleinebudde P, Pintye-Hódi K. Preparing of pellets by extrusion/spheronization using different types of equipment and process conditions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:762-4. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.783588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
34
|
Nikowitz K, Pintye-Hódi K, Regdon G. Study of the recrystallization in coated pellets – Effect of coating on API crystallinity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:563-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
35
|
Bottino P, Dunkel P, Schlich M, Galavotti L, Deme R, Regdon G, Bényei A, Pintye-Hódi K, Ronsisvalle G, Mátyus P. Study on the scope of tert
-amino effect: new extensions of type 2 reactions to bridged biaryls. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bottino
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Semmelweis University; Hőgyes Endre utca 7 1092 Budapest Hungary
| | - Petra Dunkel
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Semmelweis University; Hőgyes Endre utca 7 1092 Budapest Hungary
| | - Michele Schlich
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Semmelweis University; Hőgyes Endre utca 7 1092 Budapest Hungary
| | - Lorenzo Galavotti
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Semmelweis University; Hőgyes Endre utca 7 1092 Budapest Hungary
| | - Ruth Deme
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Semmelweis University; Hőgyes Endre utca 7 1092 Budapest Hungary
| | - Géza Regdon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Szeged; Eötvös utca 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Attila Bényei
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 4010 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Klára Pintye-Hódi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Szeged; Eötvös utca 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Giuseppe Ronsisvalle
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section; University of Catania; Viale A. Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Péter Mátyus
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Semmelweis University; Hőgyes Endre utca 7 1092 Budapest Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bölcskei É, Regdon G, Süvegh K, Marek T, Pintye-Hódi K. Physicochemical testing of free films containing non-soluble components. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- É. Bölcskei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - G. Regdon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - K. Süvegh
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry; Eötvös Loránd University; PO Box 32 H-1518 Budapest 112 Hungary
| | - T. Marek
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Research Group for Nuclear Techniques in Structural Chemistry; Eötvös Loránd University; PO Box 32 H-1518 Budapest 112 Hungary
| | - K. Pintye-Hódi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bölcskei É, Regdon G, Sovány T, Kleinebudde P, Pintye-Hódi K. Optimization of preparation of matrix pellets containing Eudragit® NE 30D. Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
38
|
Wirges M, Müller J, Kása P, Regdon G, Pintye-Hódi K, Knop K, Kleinebudde P. From Mini to Micro Scale-Feasibility of Raman Spectroscopy as a Process Analytical Tool (PAT). Pharmaceutics 2011; 3:723-30. [PMID: 24309305 PMCID: PMC3857055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Active coating is an important unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry. The quality, stability, safety and performance of the final product largely depend on the amount and uniformity of coating applied. Active coating is challenging regarding the total amount of coating and its uniformity. Consequently, there is a strong demand for tools, which are able to monitor and determine the endpoint of a coating operation. In previous work, it was shown that Raman spectroscopy is an appropriate process analytical tool (PAT) to monitor an active spray coating process in a pan coater [1]. Using a multivariate model (Partial Least Squares—PLS) the Raman spectral data could be correlated with the coated amount of the API diprophylline. While the multivariate model was shown to be valid for the process in a mini scale pan coater (batch size: 3.5 kg cores), the aim of the present work was to prove the robustness of the model by transferring the results to tablets coated in a micro scale pan coater (0.5 kg). Method Coating experiments were performed in both, a mini scale and a micro scale pan coater. The model drug diprophylline was coated on placebo tablets. The multivariate model, established for the process in the mini scale pan coater, was applied to the Raman measurements of tablets coated in the micro scale coater for six different coating levels. Then, the amount of coating, which was predicted by the model, was compared with reference measurements using UV spectroscopy. Results For all six coating levels the predicted coating amount was equal to the amounts obtained by UV spectroscopy within the statistical error. Thus, it was possible to predict the total coating amount with an error smaller than 3.6%. The root mean squares of errors for calibration and prediction (root mean square of errors for calibration and prediction—RMSEC and RMSEP) were 0.335 mg and 0.392 mg, respectively, which means that the predictive power of the model is not dependent on the scale or the equipment. Conclusion The scale-down experiment showed that it was possible to transfer the PLS model developed on a mini scale coater to a micro scale coater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wirges
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; E-Mails: (M.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Joshua Müller
- Hüttlin GmbH, Hohe-Flum-Strasse 42, D-79650 Schopfheim, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Péter Kása
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Eotvos u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; E-Mails: (P.K.); (G.R.); (K.P.-H.)
| | - Géza Regdon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Eotvos u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; E-Mails: (P.K.); (G.R.); (K.P.-H.)
| | - Klára Pintye-Hódi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Eotvos u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; E-Mails: (P.K.); (G.R.); (K.P.-H.)
| | - Klaus Knop
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; E-Mails: (M.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Peter Kleinebudde
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; E-Mails: (M.W.); (K.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-211-8114220; Fax: +49-211-8114251
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bölcskei É, Süvegh K, Marek T, Regdon G, Pintye-Hódi K. Testing of the structure of macromolecular polymer films containing solid active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
40
|
Szuts A, Pallagi E, Regdon G, Aigner Z, Szabó-Révész P. Study of thermal behaviour of sugar esters. Int J Pharm 2007; 336:199-207. [PMID: 17187947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sugar esters (SEs) are widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. They have a wide range of HLB values (1-16), and hence they can be applied as surfactants, or as solubility or penetration enhancers. SEs can be employed in hot-melt technology, because their melting points are low and they decompose only above 220 degrees C. The aims of this work were to study the thermal properties of SEs and to demonstrate differences between SEs with various HLB values. The results revealed that SEs with high or medium HLB values were vitrified by melting. Their glass transitions (T(g)) were determined by modulated differential scanning calorimetry. To visualize the changes in the samples during heating, hot-stage microscopy was used. Hydrophilic SEs were only softened, while lipophilic SEs were melted by heating. After melting and solidification, SEs have partially amorphous layered structures which slowly crystallize in time. Time-dependent solid-state changes (crystalline and amorphous phases) were observed, and analysed by means of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angéla Szuts
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Marek T, Süvegh K, Kéry I, Zelkó R, Regdon G, Pintye-Hódi K, Vértes A. The effect of plasticizer on the ageing of Metolose films. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
42
|
Pintye-Hódi K, Regdon G, Eros I, Süvegh K, Marek T, Kéry I, Zelkó R. Metolose–PEG interaction as seen by positron annihilation spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2006; 313:66-71. [PMID: 16490329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The plasticizing effects of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 400) on methylcellulose (Metolose) cast films were studied by conventional physicochemical methods and positron annihilation spectroscopy. The PEG concentrations relative to the total polymer content were varied within the range 0-75% (w/w). At low concentrations (below 33.3%, w/w), the plasticizer was found to build in into the methylcellulose structure. On the other hand, at higher concentrations (above 50%, w/w), it formed small separate phases in the films. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PALS) was applied to track the Metolose-PEG interaction. Controlled ageing of Metolose-PEG films at room temperature and at 75% RH revealed a significant difference between the ageing processes of the monophase and those of the separate phase films. The ageing involves two steps in both cases: a fast and a slow one. The PALS measurements demonstrated that the slow process is hindered in the phase-separated samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Pintye-Hódi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bajdik J, Regdon G, Lebák G, Berkesi O, Pintye-Hódi K. Effect of stirring on film formation from a Eudragit RS aqueous dispersion. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
44
|
Bajdik J, Regdon G, Marek T, Eros I, Süvegh K, Pintye-Hódi K. The effect of the solvent on the film-forming parameters of hydroxypropyl-cellulose. Int J Pharm 2005; 301:192-8. [PMID: 16026946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2004] [Revised: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical technology, film-forming agents are often applied in solution during the preparation of solid dosage forms. A wide range of polymers have already been examined, but many of the effects of the applied solvent on the properties of the film are still not fully known. The study of these phenomena might be of great help in the preparation of better films. In the present study, the frequently used polymer hydroxypropyl-cellulose was examined in water and ethanol. The latter solvent exhibits better wetting properties for this polymer. It was found that the use of ethanol enhanced the processibility because of the easier atomization and the shorter drying period. Properties characteristic of the chemical nature (wetting, surface free energy and thermal properties) and the physical behaviour (deformation process) of the poured films were studied. Relevant differences were detected only in the mechanical parameters. The sizes of the free volume holes in the differently prepared polymers were also determined, but this parameter proved irrelevant as concerns alterations of the breaking process. The explanation of the differences processibility of the films might be the different strengths of binding between the macromolecular chains. This phenomenon can also explain the different degrees of hydration of the polymer and the changes in the drying process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- János Bajdik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tüske Z, Regdon G, Erős I, Srčič S, Pintye-Hódi K. The role of the surface free energy in the selection of a suitable excipient in the course of a wet-granulation method. POWDER TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2005.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Bajdik J, Pintye-Hódi K, Planinsek O, Tüske Z, Tasic L, Regdon G, Srcic S, Eros I. Surface Treatment of Indomethacin Agglomerates with Eudragit. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2004; 30:381-8. [PMID: 15132180 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120030932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Indomethacin is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug with serious side-effects. This drug was used as a model drug for the coating of agglomerates with a permeable film (Eudragit NE). The agglomeration of the crystals increased the flowability of the bulk crystals. The coating further improved the flowability, and also the uniformity of the mass of the filled capsules. The coating film also influenced the wetting of the samples. The coating decreased the surface free energy and therefore reduced the adhesion forces between both the dry and the wet particles. The modification of the flow properties and the even capsule filling can be explained by this phenomenon. Since coating film does not dissolve in the artificial gastric juice, the dissolution test was performed only in the artificial intestinal juice. The dissolution of indomethacin from the coated sample was changed significantly. Accordingly, coating of the crystals can be performed in order to protect the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract or to promote the preparation of solid dosage form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- János Bajdik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bajdik J, Pintye-Hódi K, Planinsek O, Regdon G, Dreu R, Srcic S, Eros I. Film coating as a method to enhance the preparation of tablets from dimenhydrinate crystals. Int J Pharm 2004; 269:393-401. [PMID: 14706251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crystals of dimenhydrinate as a model drug were used for crystal coating, a method that can be applied to increase the flowability of a material and facilitate the tablet making. An increase in particle size was observed during the film coating. The change in shape of the coated particles was also examined. Some physicochemical parameters changed during coating, e.g. the surface free energy parameters and the wetting of the samples. The amount of coating material (and therefore the coating time) influenced several parameters (the shape of the particles, the flow properties and surface free energy parameters, compressibility and compactibility). Several parameters of prepared tablet (porosity, breaking hardness) were examined. Accordingly, coating of the crystals can be performed in order to enhance the handling of a material with insufficient properties for tablet making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- János Bajdik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Károlyházy L, Regdon G, Éliás O, Beke G, Tábi T, Hódi K, Erős I, Mátyus P. Thermochemical study on the ring closure reaction of 5-morpholino-4-vinylpyridazinones by tert-amino effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2003.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
49
|
Abstract
Our research has a double purpose. On the one hand, doctors have expressed the need to formulate a rectal suppository dosage form from diuretic ethacrynic acid, which would add to the choice of treatment methods and thereby increase the possibilities of individual cure. On the other hand, the liberation and thereby the bioavailability of poorly-soluble ethacrynic acid needs to be enhanced, and for this purpose solubility-increasing additives new to rectal therapy were used. Solutol HS 15, Cremophor RH 40, and Cremophor RH 60 were used as additives in concentrations of 1, 3, 5, and 10%. The quantity of drug released changed as a function of additive concentration. Depending on the acceptor phase, the best results were achieved with an additive concentration of 1-3%, which is related to the optimal additive quantity accumulated on the boundary surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Berkó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The aim of our experimental work was to formulate furosemide-containing rectal suppositories, to study drug release with in vitro membrane diffusion examinations and to increase drug liberation with the use of non-ionic surfactants (Solutol HS 15, Cremophor RH 60, Montanox 60 DF), which were incorporated in the suppository base in various concentrations. Suppocire AS2X proved to be the best suppository base (diffused drug: 69.78%). The use of 1% Cremophor RH 60 additive with the Witepsol H 15 base increased the quantity of the diffused drug from 62 to 75%. The membrane diffusion examinations were followed by studying the influence of suppository bases and additives exerted on the actual diuretic effect in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Once again the Suppocire AS2X suppository base gave the best results compared to the control; the quantity of the animals' urine showed a fourfold increase. Used with the Witepsol H 15 base, even 1% of all the three additives resulted in a considerable increase of diuretic effect, so their use proved to be advantageous. The comparison of the membrane diffusion examinations with the in vivo diuretic effect reveals that in vitro drug release and the pharmacological effect usually showed the same tendency, that is a greater extent of in vitro furosemide release was associated with a greater quantity of rat urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Berkó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|