1
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Rasmussen AJ, Pedersen M, Griffin BT, Holm R, Nielsen CU. Digestion of surfactants does not affect their ability to inhibit P-gp-mediated transport in vitro. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124120. [PMID: 38621613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
While various non-ionic surfactants at low concentrations have been shown to increase the transport of P-gp substrates in vitro, in vivo studies in rats have shown that a higher surfactant concentration is needed to increase the oral absorption of e.g. the P-gp substrates digoxin and etoposide. The aim of the present study was to investigate if intestinal digestion of surfactants could be the reason for this deviation between in vitro and in vivo data. Therefore, Kolliphor EL, Brij-L23, Labrasol and polysorbate 20 were investigated for their ability to inhibit P-gp and increase digoxin absorption in vitro. Transport studies were performed in Caco-2 cells, while P-gp inhibition and cell viability assays were performed in MDCKII-MDR1 cells. Polysorbate 20, Kolliphor EL and Brij-L23 increased absorptive transport and decreased secretory digoxin transport in Caco-2 cells, whereas only polysorbate 20 and Brij-L23 showed P-gp inhibiting properties in the MDCKII-MDR1 cells. Polysorbate 20 and Brij-L23 were chosen for in vitro digestion prior to transport- or P-gp inhibiting assays. Brij-L23 was not digestible, whereas polysorbate 20 reached a degree of digestion around 40%. Neither of the two surfactants showed any significant difference in their ability to affect absorptive or secretory transport of digoxin after pre-digestion. Furthermore, the P-gp inhibiting effects of polysorbate 20 were not decreased significantly. In conclusion, the mechanism behind the non-ionic surfactant mediated in vitro P-gp inhibition seemed independent of the intestinal digestion and the results presented here did not suggest it to be the cause of the observed discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asbjørn Jaensch Rasmussen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Maria Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.
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2
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Moesgaard L, Pedersen ML, Uhd Nielsen C, Kongsted J. Structure-based discovery of novel P-glycoprotein inhibitors targeting the nucleotide binding domains. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21217. [PMID: 38040777 PMCID: PMC10692163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a membrane transport protein overexpressed in certain drug-resistant cancer cells, has been the target of numerous drug discovery projects aimed at overcoming drug resistance in cancer. Most characterized P-gp inhibitors bind at the large hydrophobic drug binding domain (DBD), but none have yet attained regulatory approval. In this study, we explored the potential of designing inhibitors that target the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs), by computationally screening a large library of 2.6 billion synthesizable molecules, using a combination of machine learning-guided molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD). 14 of the computationally best-scoring molecules were subsequently tested for their ability to inhibit P-gp mediated calcein-AM efflux. In total, five diverse compounds exhibited inhibitory effects in the calcein-AM assay without displaying toxicity. The activity of these compounds was confirmed by their ability to decrease the verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity of P-gp in a subsequent assay. The discovery of these five novel P-gp inhibitors demonstrates the potential of in-silico screening in drug discovery and provides a new stepping point towards future potent P-gp inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laust Moesgaard
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, 5230, Denmark.
| | - Maria L Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, 5230, Denmark
| | - Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, 5230, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, 5230, Denmark
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3
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Islam N, Khan NU, Razzaq A, Menaa F, Khan ZU, Hussain A, Rehman SU, Iqbal H, Ni J. Loratadine oral bioavailability enhancement via solid dispersion loaded oro-dispersible films: Formulation, characterization and pharmacokinetics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113526. [PMID: 37647750 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Loratadine (LRD) belongs to second-generation tricyclic H1 antihistamine class, known for its non-sedating properties in allergic reactions. H1 antihistamines avoid and block the responses to allergens or histamine in nose and conjunctivae, thereby abolishing itching, congestion and sneezing. LRD is a Biopharmaceutical Class System (BCS) class II drug with dissolution or solubility limited absorption which limited the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of LRD. To improve the oral bioavailability of LRD for allergic disease (urticaria) treatment, LRD solid dispersions (LRD-SDs) were integrating into oro-dispersible films (ODFs). LRD-SDs were prepared through hot-melt extrusion method (HME) using d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS-1000), and polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (SP). Subsequently, LRD-SDs were incorporated in ODFs by solvent casting method. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of LRD solid dispersions-loaded oro-dispersible films (LRD-SDs-ODFs), were evaluated. The in-vitro dissolution, ex-vivo permeation, oral bioavailability, and pharmacodynamics studies were conducted to evaluate LRD-SDs-ODFs efficiency. LRD-SDs-ODFs showed superior solubility and in-vitro dissolution results compared to that of pure LRD (p < 0.05). The solubility of the LRD-SD coded as LTS-4 was 190 times higher than the pure drug in aqueous media. The average hydrodynamic particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) of SD particles were 76 ± 2.1 nm, 0.20 ± 0.08 and - 19.16 ± 1.4 mV, respectively. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the amorphousness of LRD in LRD-SDs-ODFs. The permeability flux of LRD was 44.6 ± 3.1 μg/cm2/h from DPF-5 formulation. Likewise, in vivo oral bioavailability of DPF-5 in Sprague-Dawley rats was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to free LRD. Further, wheal area was reduced 20 % higher than LRD in 8 h (p < 0.05). Overall, LRD-SDs-ODFs considerably enhanced LRD solubility, dissolution rate, bioavailability, and antihistaminic efficacy. Our findings show that SDs-ODFs is an effective carrier system for delivering poorly soluble LRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayyer Islam
- The University of Chenab, Gujrat, Pakistan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anam Razzaq
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Farid Menaa
- Departments of Oncology and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zaheer Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot 12351, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot 12351, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Iqbal
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Jiang Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China.
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4
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Ardad RM, Manjappa AS, Dhawale SC, Kumbhar PS, Pore YV. Concurrent oral delivery of non-oncology drugs through solid self-emulsifying system for repurposing in hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37216496 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2216785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Present study aimed to identify a safe and effective non-oncology drug cocktail as an alternative to toxic chemotherapeutics for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. The assessment of cytotoxicity of cocktail (as co-adjuvant) in combination with chemotherapeutic docetaxel (DTX) is also aimed. Further, we aimed to develop an oral solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) for the simultaneous delivery of identified drugs. SIGNIFICANCE The identified non-oncology drug cocktail could overcome the shortage of anticancer therapeutics and help to reduce cancer-related mortality. Moreover, the developed S-SEDDS could be an ideal system for concurrent oral delivery of non-oncology drug combinations. METHODS The non-oncology drugs (alone and in combinations) were screened in vitro for anticancer effect (against HepG2 cells) using (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; MTT) dye assay, and cell cycle arresting and apoptotic behaviors using the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique. The S-SEDDS is composed of drugs such as Ketoconazole (KCZ), Disulfiram (DSR), Tadalafil (TLF), and excipients like span-80, tween-80, soybean oil, Leciva S-95, Poloxamer F108 (PF-108), and Neusilin® US2 (adsorbent carrier) was developed and characterized. RESULTS The cocktail composed of KCZ, DSR, and TLF has showed substantial cytotoxicity (at the lowest concentration of 3.3 picomoles), HepG2 cell arrest at G0/G1 and S phases, and substantial cell death via apoptosis. The Docetaxel (DTX) inclusion into this cocktail has further resulted in increased cytotoxicity, cell arrest at the G2/M phase, and cell necrosis. The optimized blank liquid SEDDS that remains transparent without phase separation for more than 6 months is used for the preparation of drug-loaded liquid SEDDS (DL-SEDDS). The optimized DL-SEDDS with low viscosity, good dispersibility, considerable drug retention upon dilution, and smaller particle size is further converted into drug-loaded solid SEDDS (DS-SEDDS). The final DS-SEDDS demonstrated acceptable flowability and compression characteristics, significant drug retention (more than 93%), particle size in nano range (less than 500 nm) and nearly spherical morphology following dilutions. The DS-SEDDS showed substantially increased cytotoxicity and Caco-2 cell permeability than plain drugs. Furthermore, DS-SEDDS containing only non-oncology drugs caused lower in vivo toxicity (only 6% body weight loss) than DS-SEDDS containing non-oncology drugs with DTX (about 10% weight loss). CONCLUSION The current study revealed a non-oncology drug combination effective against hepatocellular carcinoma. Further, it is concluded that the developed S-SEDDS containing non-oncology drug combination alone and in combination with DTX could be a promising alternative to toxic chemotherapeutics for the effective oral treatment of hepatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar M Ardad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Quality Assurance, Dr. Shivajirao Kadam College of Pharmacy, Kasbe Digraj, Sangli, India
| | - Arehalli S Manjappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vasantidevi Patil Institute of Pharmacy, Kodoli, Tal- Panhala, Dist- Kolhapur, 416114 (MS)
| | - Shashikant C Dhawale
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - Popat S Kumbhar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Warananagar, Taluka Panhala, District Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogesh V Pore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy,Ratnagiri, Maharshtra, India
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5
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Nielsen RB, Holm R, Pijpers I, Snoeys J, Nielsen UG, Nielsen CU. Combinational Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Etoposide Transport by Zosuquidar and Polysorbate 20. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010283. [PMID: 36678911 PMCID: PMC9865188 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) limits the oral absorption of drug substances. Potent small molecule P-gp inhibitors (e.g., zosuquidar) and nonionic surfactants (e.g., polysorbate 20) inhibit P-gp by proposedly different mechanisms. Therefore, it was hypothesised that a combination of zosuquidar and polysorbate 20 may potentiate inhibition of P-gp-mediated efflux. P-gp inhibition by zosuquidar and polysorbate 20 in combination was assessed in a calcein-AM assay and in a transcellular etoposide permeability study in MDCKII-MDR1 and Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, solutions of etoposide, zosuquidar, and polysorbate 20 were orally administered to Sprague Dawley rats. Zosuquidar elicited a high level of nonspecific adsorption to various labware, which significantly affected the outcomes of the in vitro studies. Still, at certain zosuquidar and polysorbate 20 concentrations, additive P-gp inhibition was observed in vitro. In vivo, however, oral etoposide bioavailability decreased by coadministration of both zosuquidar and polysorbate 20 when compared to coadministration of etoposide with zosuquidar alone. For future formulation development, the present study provided important and novel knowledge about nonspecific zosuquidar adsorption, as well as insights into combinational P-gp inhibition by a third-generation P-gp inhibitor and a P-gp-inhibiting nonionic surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Blaaholm Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ils Pijpers
- Bioanalysis Discovery & Development Sciences, Janssen R & D, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, BE-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jan Snoeys
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen R & D, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, BE-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ulla Gro Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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6
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Pharmacokinetic modulation of substrate drugs via the inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters using pharmaceutical excipients. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Van NH, Vy NT, Van Toi V, Dao AH, Lee BJ. Nanostructured lipid carriers and their potential applications for versatile drug delivery via oral administration. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Włodarczyk M, Gleńsk M. An in-depth look into a well-known herbal drug: Fingerprinting, isolation, identification, and content estimation of saponins in different Strophanthus seeds. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:576-586. [PMID: 34474491 DOI: 10.1055/a-1586-1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of Strophanthus species are known as a source of rapid-acting cardenolides. These water-soluble glycosides are listed as the sole critical constituents of this raw herbal drug. A non-standard cardioprotective medication with ouabain-containing oral remedies has become popular in Europe as a result of the withdrawal of corresponding registered drugs from the market. However, the bioequivalence of pure ouabain solutions, tinctures, and home-made extracts from Strophanthus seeds is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to update the information on the composition of Strophanthus seeds used for this purpose. The distribution of two main saponins and about 90 previously unreported compounds, tentatively identified as saponins in eleven Strophanthus species, was systematically evaluated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and -MS/MS. Seeds of S. gratus were selected to isolate the dominant unreported triterpenoids, bidesmosides of echinocystic and oleanolic acid. Their structures were established by HRMS, MS/MS, as well as by NMR techniques. The total saponin content, estimated by UHPLC-MS, was up to 1%. The detected saponins could influence the peroral bioavailability of hardly absorbable Strophanthus cardenolides and exhibit their own activity. This finding may be relevant when Strophanthus preparations (containing both saponins and cardiac glycosides) are used, particularly when homemade preparations are administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Włodarczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Gleńsk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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9
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Jakobsen S, Gaenaelle Gé L, Pedersen M, Griffin BT, Holm R, Uhd Nielsen C. P-glycoprotein-mediated transport in a mucus-supplemented Caco-2 cell model in the presence of different surfactants. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121885. [PMID: 35690306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate if mucus applied to Caco-2 cell monolayers protects cells from high concentrations of surfactants, while still allowing for an identification of the surfactant's inhibitory effects on P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Two types of porcine mucin and six surfactants (Polysorbate 20 (PS20) and 80 (PS80), Kolliphor EL (Kol. EL) and RH40 (Kol. RH40), Labrafil M 2125 CS (L.fil) and Labrasol (L.sol)) were applied to Caco-2 cells, and TEER, paracellular transport and P-gp mediated digoxin transport was measured. The results showed that 15% porcine mucin type II was incompatible with Caco-2 cell monolayer integrity, resulting in a dramatic drop in monolayer TEER and increased mannitol transport. In contrast, mucin type III was compatible with Caco-2 cell monolayers in the concentration range of 2.5-15% without substantially disturbing barrier properties. The highest concentration of mucin type III impaired the ability of all six surfactants to decrease P-gp mediated digoxin transport. Subsequently lowering the mucin concentration to 5% facilitated adequate protection of cells and enabled e.g., 5% PS20 to inhibit P-gp mediated digoxin transport. Overall, the present work is useful for early-stage permeability investigations on how mucus affects P-gp mediated transport in the presence of formulation excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jakobsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lorraine Gaenaelle Gé
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Maria Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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10
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Rathod S, Desai H, Patil R, Sarolia J. Non-ionic Surfactants as a P-Glycoprotein(P-gp) Efflux Inhibitor for Optimal Drug Delivery-A Concise Outlook. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:55. [PMID: 35043278 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant research efforts have been devoted to unraveling the mystery of P-glycoprotein(P-gp) in drug delivery applications. The efflux membrane transporter P-gp is widely distributed in the body and accountable for restricting drug absorption and bioavailability. For these reasons, it is the primary cause of developing multidrug resistance (MDR) in most drug delivery applications. Therefore, P-gp inhibitors must be explored to address MDR and the low bioavailability of therapeutic substrates. Several experimental models in kinetics and dynamic studies identified the sensitivity of drug molecules and excipients as a P-gp inhibitor. In this review, we aimed to emphasize nonionic surface-active agents for effective reversal of P-gp inhibition. As it is inert, non-toxic, noncharged, and quickly reaching the cytosolic lipid membrane (the point of contact with P-gp efflux protein) enables it to be more efficient as P-gp inhibitors. Moreover, nonionic surfactant improves drug absorption and bioavailability through the various mechanism, involving (i) association of drug with surfactant improves solubilization, facilitating its cell penetration and absorption; (ii) weakening the lateral membrane packing density, facilitating the passive drug influx; and (iii) inhibition of the ATP binding cassette of transporter P-glycoprotein. The application of nonionic surfactant as P-gp inhibitors is well established and supported by various experiments. Altogether, herein, we have primarily focused on various nonionic surfactants and their development strategies to conquer the MDR-causing effects of P-gp efflux protein in drug delivery. Graphical Abstract.
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11
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Nielsen RB, Holm R, Pijpers I, Snoeys J, Nielsen UG, Nielsen CU. Oral etoposide and zosuquidar bioavailability in rats: Effect of co-administration and in vitro-in vivo correlation of P-glycoprotein inhibition. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100089. [PMID: 34977557 PMCID: PMC8683663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein inhibitors, like zosuquidar, have widely been used to study the role of P-glycoprotein in oral absorption. Still, systematic studies on the inhibitor dose-response relationship on intestinal drug permeation are lacking. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 0.79 nM-2.5 μM zosuquidar on etoposide permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers. We also investigated etoposide pharmacokinetics after oral or IV administration to Sprague Dawley rats with co-administration of 0.063–63 mg/kg zosuquidar, as well as the pharmacokinetics of zosuquidar itself. Oral zosuquidar bioavailability was 2.6–4.2%, while oral etoposide bioavailability was 5.5 ± 0.9%, which increased with increasing zosuquidar doses to 35 ± 5%. The intestinal zosuquidar concentration required to induce a half-maximal increase in bioavailability was estimated to 180 μM. In contrast, the IC50 of zosuquidar on etoposide permeability in vitro was only 5–10 nM, and a substantial in vitro-in vivo discrepancy of at least four orders of magnitude was thereby identified. Overall, the present study provides valuable insights for future formulation development that applies fixed dose combinations of P-glycoprotein inhibitors to increase the absorption of poorly permeable P-glycoprotein substrate drugs.
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12
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Anderson LL, Etchart MG, Bahceci D, Golembiewski TA, Arnold JC. Cannabis constituents interact at the drug efflux pump BCRP to markedly increase plasma cannabidiolic acid concentrations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14948. [PMID: 34294753 PMCID: PMC8298633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is a complex mixture of hundreds of bioactive molecules. This provides the potential for pharmacological interactions between cannabis constituents, a phenomenon referred to as “the entourage effect” by the medicinal cannabis community. We hypothesize that pharmacokinetic interactions between cannabis constituents could substantially alter systemic cannabinoid concentrations. To address this hypothesis we compared pharmacokinetic parameters of cannabinoids administered orally in a cannabis extract to those administered as individual cannabinoids at equivalent doses in mice. Astonishingly, plasma cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) concentrations were 14-times higher following administration in the cannabis extract than when administered as a single molecule. In vitro transwell assays identified CBDA as a substrate of the drug efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and that cannabigerol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibited the BCRP-mediated transport of CBDA. Such a cannabinoid-cannabinoid interaction at BCRP transporters located in the intestine would inhibit efflux of CBDA, thus resulting in increased plasma concentrations. Our results suggest that cannabis extracts provide a natural vehicle to substantially enhance plasma CBDA concentrations. Moreover, CBDA might have a more significant contribution to the pharmacological effects of orally administered cannabis extracts than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey L Anderson
- Brain and Mind Centre, Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Maia G Etchart
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Dilara Bahceci
- Brain and Mind Centre, Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Taliesin A Golembiewski
- Brain and Mind Centre, Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Brain and Mind Centre, Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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13
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Murakami T, Bodor E, Bodor N. Factors and dosage formulations affecting the solubility and bioavailability of P-glycoprotein substrate drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:555-580. [PMID: 33703995 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1902986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) increases toward the distal small intestine, implying that the duodenum is the preferential absorption site for P-gp substrate drugs. Oral bioavailability of poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs is low and varied but increases with high-fat meals that supply lipoidal components and bile in the duodenum.Areas covered: Absorption properties of P-gp substrate drugs along with factors and oral dosage formulations affecting their solubility and bioavailability were reviewed with PubMed literature searches. An overview is provided from the viewpoint of the 'spring-and-parachute approach' that generates supersaturation of poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs.Expert opinion: The oral bioavailability of P-gp substrate drugs is difficult to predict because of their low solubility, preferential absorption sites, and overlapping substrate specificities with CYP3A4, along with the scattered intestinal P-gp expression/function. To attain high and steady oral bioavailability of poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs, physicochemical modification of drugs to improve solubility, or oral dosage formulations that generate long-lasting supersaturation in the duodenum, is preferred. In particular, supersaturable lipid-based drug delivery systems that can increase passive diffusion and/or lymphatic absorption are effective and applicable to many poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas Bodor
- Bodor Laboratories, Miami, Florida, USA.,College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Hu R, Liu S, Anwaier G, Wang Q, Shen W, Shen Q, Qi R. Formulation and intestinal absorption of naringenin loaded nanostructured lipid carrier and its inhibitory effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2021; 32:102310. [PMID: 33184021 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared naringenin (NGN) loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NGN-NLC) and investigated its characterizations, transepithelial transport, intestinal absorption and inhibitory effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a methionine choline deficient (MCD) diet in mice. The NGN-NLC, prepared by a method of emulsion-evaporation plus low temperature-solidification, displayed high drug loading capacity of 22.5 ± 1.7%. Compared to the NGN crude drug, the NGN-NLC, at an equal NGN dose, improved NGN release rate by 3.5-fold and elevated NGN transepithelial transport and intestinal absorption through enhancing intracellular transport of clathrin pathway and escaping p-gp efflux; at an 8-fold lower NGN dose, showed comparable pharmacokinetic parameters, but elevated liver NGN distribution by 1.5-fold, reduced MCD diet-induced hepatic lipid deposition by 3-fold. These results suggest that the NLC formulation significantly increased the inhibitory effects of NGN on NAFLD because of the improved drug release rate, transepithelial transport and intestinal absorption, and the elevated oral bioavailability and liver NGN distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Gulinigaer Anwaier
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyu Wang
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Shen
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Qi
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China.
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Anderson LL, Ametovski A, Lin Luo J, Everett-Morgan D, McGregor IS, Banister SD, Arnold JC. Cannabichromene, Related Phytocannabinoids, and 5-Fluoro-cannabichromene Have Anticonvulsant Properties in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:330-339. [PMID: 33395525 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis-based products are increasingly being used to treat refractory childhood epilepsies such as Dravet syndrome. Cannabis contains at least 140 terpenophenolic compounds known as phytocannabinoids. These include the known anticonvulsant compound cannabidiol (CBD) and several molecules showing emergent anticonvulsant properties in animal models. Cannabichromene (CBC) is a phytocannabinoid frequently detected in artisanal cannabis oils used in the community by childhood epilepsy patients. Here we examined the brain and plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of CBC, cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), and cannabichromevarinic acid (CBCVA) following intraperitoneal administration in mice. The anticonvulsant potential of each was then tested against hyperthermia-induced seizures in the Scn1a+/- mouse model of Dravet syndrome. All phytocannabinoids within the CBC series were readily absorbed and showed substantial brain penetration (brain-plasma ratios ranging from 0.2 to 5.8). Anticonvulsant efficacy was evident with CBC, CBCA, and CBCVA, each significantly increasing the temperature threshold at which Scn1a+/- mice had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. We synthesized a fluorinated derivative of CBC (5-fluoro-CBC), which showed improved brain penetration relative to the parent CBC molecule but not any greater anticonvulsant effect. Since CBC and derivatives are anticonvulsant in a model of intractable pediatric epilepsy, they may constitute part of the mechanism through which artisanal cannabis oils are anticonvulsant in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey L. Anderson
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Adam Ametovski
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jia Lin Luo
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Declan Everett-Morgan
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Iain S. McGregor
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Samuel D. Banister
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jonathon C. Arnold
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Patocka J, Nepovimova E, Wu W, Kuca K. Digoxin: Pharmacology and toxicology-A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:103400. [PMID: 32464466 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used as drug in case of heart problems, including congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation or flutter, and certain cardiac arrhythmias. It has a very narrow therapeutic window of the medication. Digoxin is toxic substance with well known cardiotoxic effect. In this work, pharmacology and toxicology of digoxin are summarized; Its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, available acute toxicity data (different species, different administration routes) are summarized in this article. Moreover, its treatment side effect and human poisonings are thoroughly discussed. Finally, appropriate therapy regimen is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Patocka
- Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Department of Radiology and Toxicology, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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17
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Mai Y, Ashiru-Oredope DA, Yao Z, Dou L, Madla CM, Taherali F, Murdan S, Basit AW. Boosting drug bioavailability in men but not women through the action of an excipient. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Al-Ali AAA, Sandra L, Versweyveld D, Pijpers I, Dillen L, Vermeulen A, Snoeys J, Holm R, Nielsen CU. High-dose etoposide formulations do not saturate intestinal P-glycoprotein: Development, stability, and pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Ibrahim YHEY, Regdon G, Hamedelniel EI, Sovány T. Review of recently used techniques and materials to improve the efficiency of orally administered proteins/peptides. Daru 2020; 28:403-416. [PMID: 31811628 PMCID: PMC7214593 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of present review is to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of recently developed methods to improve the bioavailability of orally administered biopharmaceutical drugs. METHODS A systematic search of sciencedirect, tandfonline and Google Scholar databases based on various sets of keywords was performed. All results were evaluated based on their abstracts, and irrelevant studies were neglected during further evaluation. RESULTS At present, biopharmaceuticals are used as injectable therapies as they are not absorbed adequately from the different routes of drug administration, particularly the oral one. Their insufficient absorption is attributed to their high molecular weight, degradation by proteolytic enzymes, high hydrophilicity and rigidity of the absorptive tissues. From industrial aspect incorporation of enzyme inhibitors (EIs) and permeation enhancers (PEs) and mucoadhesive polymers into conventional dosage forms may be the easiest way of formulation of orally administered macromolecular drugs, but the effectiveness of protection and absorption enhancement here is the most questionable. Conjugation may be problematic from regulatory aspect. Encapsulation into lipid-based vesicles sufficiently protects the incorporated macromolecule and improves intestinal uptake but have considerable stability issues. In contrast, polymeric nanocarriers may provide good stability but provides lower internalization efficacy in comparison with the lipid-based carriers. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the combination of the advantages of mucoadhesive polymeric and lid-based carriers in hybrid lipid/polymer nanoparticles may result in improved absorption and might represent a potential means for the oral administration of therapeutic proteins in the near future. Graphical abstract Delivery systems for oral protein daministration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif H-E Y Ibrahim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
- Pharmaceutics Department, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Sovány
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
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20
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Zhang J, Penny J, Lu JR. Development of a novel in vitro 3D intestinal model for permeability evaluations. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:549-562. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1700940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeffrey Penny
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jian R. Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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21
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Murakami T, Bodor E, Bodor N. Modulation of expression/function of intestinal P-glycoprotein under disease states. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 16:59-78. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1701653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas Bodor
- Bodor Laboratories, Miami, FL, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Anderson LL, Low IK, Banister SD, McGregor IS, Arnold JC. Pharmacokinetics of Phytocannabinoid Acids and Anticonvulsant Effect of Cannabidiolic Acid in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:3047-3055. [PMID: 31686510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa produces a complex mixture of many bioactive molecules including terpenophenolic compounds known as phytocannabinoids. Phytocannabinoids come in neutral forms (e.g., Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC; cannabidiol, CBD; etc.) or as acid precursors, which are dominant in the plant (e.g., Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, THCA; cannabidiolic acid, CBDA; etc.). There is increasing interest in unlocking the therapeutic applications of the phytocannabinoid acids; however, the present understanding of the basic pharmacology of phytocannabinoid acids is limited. Herein the brain and plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of CBDA, THCA, cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), and cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA) were examined following intraperitoneal administration in mice. Next it was examined whether CBDA was anticonvulsant in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome (Scn1aRX/+ mice). All the phytocannabinoid acids investigated were rapidly absorbed with plasma tmax values of between 15 and 45 min and had relatively short half-lives (<4 h). The brain-plasma ratios for the acids were very low at ≤0.04. However, when CBDA was administered in an alternate Tween 80-based vehicle, it exhibited a brain-plasma ratio of 1.9. The anticonvulsant potential of CBDA was examined using this vehicle, and it was found that CBDA significantly increased the temperature threshold at which the Scn1aRX/+ mice had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey L Anderson
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2050 , Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Ivan K Low
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2050 , Australia
| | - Samuel D Banister
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2050 , Australia
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Iain S McGregor
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2050 , Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2050 , Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
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Nielsen RB, Kahnt A, Dillen L, Wuyts K, Snoeys J, Nielsen UG, Holm R, Nielsen CU. Montmorillonite-surfactant hybrid particles for modulating intestinal P-glycoprotein-mediated transport. Int J Pharm 2019; 571:118696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Takegami S, Konishi A, Okazaki S, Fujiwara M, Kitade T. Effects of mono- and dialkylglucosides on the characterisation and blood circulation of lipid nanoemulsions. J Microencapsul 2019; 36:738-746. [PMID: 31573357 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1671909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Effects of two cosurfactants, n-alkylglycosides with mono- or disaccharide groups - N-nonyl β-D-glucopyranoside (N-Glu) and N-decyl β-D-maltoside (D-Mal) - were studied to the stability in saline solution, interaction with serum albumin, and blood circulation of the lipid nanoemulsion (LNE).Methods: The LNEs composed of soybean oil, phosphatidylcholine, and sodium palmitate were prepared without (Control-LNE) and with N-Glu or D-Mal (NG-LNE and DM-LNE, respectively).Results: In saline solution, NG-LNE exhibited a smaller droplet size than Control-LNE, while the size of DM-LNE was significantly increased compared with the other LNEs. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer method showed that the order of albumin interaction was DM-LNE > NG-LNE > Control-LNE. In vivo blood circulation in mice, showed greater fractions of both NG-LNE and DM-LNE remaining in blood over time compared with Control-LNE.Conclusions: The nature of high stability in saline solution and high affinity for serum albumin led to the prolonged circulation of LNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Takegami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuko Konishi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shizuno Okazaki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Fujiwara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kitade
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Al-Ali AAA, Nielsen RB, Steffansen B, Holm R, Nielsen CU. Nonionic surfactants modulate the transport activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and solute carriers (SLC): Relevance to oral drug absorption. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:410-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nielsen S, Westerhoff AM, Gé LG, Carlsen KL, Pedersen MDL, Nielsen CU. MRP2-mediated transport of etoposide in MDCKII MRP2 cells is unaffected by commonly used non-ionic surfactants. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:306-315. [PMID: 31085259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of non-ionic surfactants to inhibit MRP2-mediated transport in vitro in MDCKII MRP2 cells. Transport studies across MDCKII MRP2 cell monolayers were performed using 3H-etoposide and 3H-digoxin. 19 different non-ionic surfactants, including several polysorbates (PS), cremophor EL, vitamin E-TPGS, and n-nonyl β-D-glucopyranoside (NG), were investigated. Barrier function of the cells was investigated measuring TEER and transport of 14C-glycine. The amount of isotope was quantified using liquid scintillation counting. In MDCKII MRP2 cells a polarized transport of etoposide and digoxin in the secretory (basolateral to apical) direction with efflux ratios of 5.5 ± 0.7 and 18.5 ± 4.2, respectively, was measured. P-gp inhibitors such as valspodar and zosuquidar did not affect etoposide transport, and furthermore PS20 decreased secretory transport of digoxin, but not of etoposide. Transport of etoposide was therefore mainly MRP2-mediated and used as a probe to investigate pharmaceutical excipients. Non-ionic surfactants did not modulate etoposide transport across intact cell monolayers of MRP2 overexpressing MDCKII cells, although preliminary studies suggest that most were able to alter MRP2-mediated efflux of the fluorescent 5-chloromethylfluorescein (CMF). In conclusion, etoposide transport across MDCKII MRP2 cells was modulated by cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of MRP2 and P-gp, but not by specific P-gp inhibitors (valspodar and zosuquidar), which suggests that etoposide transport is primarily influenced by MRP2. In addition, commonly used non-ionic surfactants did not decrease MRP2-mediated etoposide transport in MDCKII MRP2 cells. These results suggest that etoposide transport in MDCKII MRP2 cells is a model system to investigate MRP2 interactions, and that surfactants may not have a large potential for increasing oral bioavailability of drugs through inhibition of MRP2 transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salli Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Anne Marijke Westerhoff
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lorraine Gaenaelle Gé
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Krestine Lundgaard Carlsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Maria Diana Læssøe Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Sex-Dependence in the Effect of Pharmaceutical Excipients: Polyoxyethylated Solubilising Excipients Increase Oral Drug Bioavailability in Male but not Female Rats. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11050228. [PMID: 31083453 PMCID: PMC6571596 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that males and females respond differently to medicines and that differences in drug behaviour are due to inter-individual variability and sex specificity. In this work, we have examined the influence of pharmaceutical excipients on drug bioavailability in males and females. Using a rat model, we report that a portfolio of polyoxyethylated solubilising excipients (polyethylene glycol 2000, Cremophor RH 40, Poloxamer 188 and Tween 80) increase ranitidine bioavailability in males but not in females. The in vivo sex and excipient effects were reflected in vitro in intestinal permeability experiments using an Ussing chamber system. The mechanism of such an effect on drug bioavailability is suggested to be due to the interaction between the excipients and the efflux membrane transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), whose expression in terms of gene and protein levels were inhibited by the solubilising agents in male but not in female rats. In contrast, the non-polyoxyethylated excipient, Span 20, significantly increased ranitidine bioavailability in both males and females in a non-sex-dependent manner. These findings have significant implications for the use of polyoxyethylated solubilising excipients in drug formulation in light of their sex-specific modulation on the bioavailability of drugs that are P-gp substrates. As such, pharmaceutical research is required to retract from a ‘one size fits all’ approach and to, instead, evaluate the potential impact of the interplay between excipients and sex on drug effect to ensure effective pharmacotherapy.
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