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Gauci SC, Vranic A, Blasco E, Bräse S, Wegener M, Barner-Kowollik C. Photochemically Activated 3D Printing Inks: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306468. [PMID: 37681744 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
3D printing with light is enabled by the photochemistry underpinning it. Without fine control over the ability to photochemically gate covalent bond formation by the light at a certain wavelength and intensity, advanced photoresists with functions spanning from on-demand degradability, adaptability, rapid printing speeds, and tailored functionality are impossible to design. Herein, recent advances in photoresist design for light-driven 3D printing applications are critically assessed, and an outlook of the outstanding challenges and opportunities is provided. This is achieved by classing the discussed photoresists in chemistries that function photoinitiator-free and those that require a photoinitiator to proceed. Such a taxonomy is based on the efficiency with which photons are able to generate covalent bonds, with each concept featuring distinct advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Gauci
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Vranic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Vyas J, Singh S, Shah I, Prajapati BG. Potential Applications and Additive Manufacturing Technology-Based Considerations of Mesoporous Silica: A Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 25:6. [PMID: 38129697 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoporous materials are categorized as microporous (pore sizes 0.2-2 nm), mesoporous (pore sizes 2-50 nm), and macroporous (pore sizes 50-1000 nm). Mesoporous silica (MS) has gained a significant interest due to its notable characteristics, including organized pore networks, specific surface areas, and the ability to be integrated in a variety of morphologies. Recently, MS has been widely accepted by range of manufacturer and as drug carrier. Moreover, silica nanoparticles containing mesopores, also known as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), have attracted widespread attention in additive manufacturing (AM). AM commonly known as three-dimensional printing is the formalized rapid prototyping (RP) technology. AM techniques, in comparison to conventional methods, aid in reducing the necessity for tooling and allow versatility in product and design customization. There are generally several types of AM processes reported including VAT polymerization (VP), powder bed fusion (PBF), sheet lamination (SL), material extrusion (ME), binder jetting (BJ), direct energy deposition (DED), and material jetting (MJ). Furthermore, AM techniques are utilized in fabrication of various classified fields such as architectural modeling, fuel cell manufacturing, lightweight machines, medical, and fabrication of drug delivery systems. The review concisely elaborates on applications of mesoporous silica as versatile material in fabrication of various AM-based pharmaceutical products with an elaboration on various AM techniques to reduce the knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Vyas
- Sigma Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390019, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Isha Shah
- Sigma Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390019, India
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, 384012, India.
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Guo W, Li B, Li P, Zhao L, You H, Long Y. Review on vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing of bioactive ceramic bone scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9572-9596. [PMID: 37727909 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01236k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects frequently occur in clinical settings due to trauma, disease, tumors, and other causes. The clinical use of autologous bones and allograft bone, however, has several limitations, such as limited sources, donor site morbidity, and immunological rejection. Nevertheless, there is newfound hope for regenerating and repairing bone defects through the development and integration of bone tissue engineering scaffold and additive manufacturing (AM) technology, also known as 3D printing. In particular, vat photopolymerization (VPP)-AM of bioactive ceramic bone scaffolds has garnered significant interest from interdisciplinary researchers in recent years. On the one hand, VPP-AM demonstrates clear advantages in printing accuracy and speed compared to other AM and non-AM technologies. On the other hand, bioactive ceramic materials exhibit superior bioactivity, biodegradability, and mechanical properties compared to metals, polymers, and bioinert ceramics, making them one of the most promising biomaterials for developing bone scaffolds. This paper reviews the research progress of VPP-AM of bioactive ceramic bone scaffolds, covering the process principles of various VPP-AM technologies, the performance requirements and preparation process of VPP ceramic slurry, the VPP process of bioactive ceramic bone scaffolds, and the research progress on different material types of VPP bioactive ceramic scaffolds. Firstly, we provide a brief introduction to the process principles and medical applications of various VPP technologies. Secondly, we explore the composition of the VPP ceramic slurry system, discussing the function of various components and their effects on printing quality. Thirdly, we delve into the performance requirements of bone scaffolds and summarize the research progress of VPP bioactive ceramic bone scaffolds of various material types including hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), bioglass (BG), etc.; Finally, we discuss the challenges currently faced by VPP-AM bioactive ceramic bone scaffolds and propose possible development directions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Hui You
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Long
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Tao Y, Lin L, Ren X, Wang X, Cao X, Gu H, Ye Y, Ren Y, Zhang Z. Four-Dimensional Micro/Nanorobots via Laser Photochemical Synthesis towards the Molecular Scale. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1656. [PMID: 37763819 PMCID: PMC10537291 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized four-dimensional (4D) micro/nanorobots denote a forerunning technique associated with interdisciplinary applications, such as in embeddable labs-on-chip, metamaterials, tissue engineering, cell manipulation, and tiny robotics. With emerging smart interactive materials, static micro/nanoscale architectures have upgraded to the fourth dimension, evincing time-dependent shape/property mutation. Molecular-level 4D robotics promises complex sensing, self-adaption, transformation, and responsiveness to stimuli for highly valued functionalities. To precisely control 4D behaviors, current-laser-induced photochemical additive manufacturing, such as digital light projection, stereolithography, and two-photon polymerization, is pursuing high-freeform shape-reconfigurable capacities and high-resolution spatiotemporal programming strategies, which challenge multi-field sciences while offering new opportunities. Herein, this review summarizes the recent development of micro/nano 4D laser photochemical manufacturing, incorporating active materials and shape-programming strategies to provide an envisioning of these miniaturized 4D micro/nanorobots. A comparison with other chemical/physical fabricated micro/nanorobots further explains the advantages and potential usage of laser-synthesized micro/nanorobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Tao
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Zhejiang Chuangge Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuji 311899, China
| | - Liansheng Lin
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xudong Ren
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xia Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yunxia Ye
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yunpeng Ren
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Zhejiang Chuangge Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuji 311899, China
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O'Halloran S, Pandit A, Heise A, Kellett A. Two-Photon Polymerization: Fundamentals, Materials, and Chemical Modification Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204072. [PMID: 36585380 PMCID: PMC9982557 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (TPP) has become a premier state-of-the-art method for microscale fabrication of bespoke polymeric devices and surfaces. With applications ranging from the production of optical, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and microfluidic devices, TPP has grown immensely in the past two decades. Significantly, the field has expanded from standard acrylate- and epoxy-based photoresists to custom formulated monomers designed to change the hydrophilicity, surface chemistry, mechanical properties, and more of the resulting structures. This review explains the essentials of TPP, from its initial conception through to standard operating principles and advanced chemical modification strategies for TPP materials. At the outset, the fundamental chemistries of radical and cationic polymerization are described, along with strategies used to tailor mechanical and functional properties. This review then describes TPP systems and introduces an array of commonly used photoresists including hard polyacrylic resins, soft hydrogel acrylic esters, epoxides, and organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Specific examples of each class-including chemically modified photoresists-are described to inform the understanding of their applications to the fields of tissue-engineering scaffolds, micromedical, optical, and drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán O'Halloran
- CÚRAMthe SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesSchool of Chemical SciencesDublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin 9Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAMthe SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Andreas Heise
- RCSIUniversity of Medicine and Health SciencesDepartment of Chemistry123 St. Stephens GreenDublinDublin 2Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College DublinDublinDublin 2Ireland
- CÚRAMthe SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublin and National University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Andrew Kellett
- CÚRAMthe SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesSchool of Chemical SciencesDublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin 9Ireland
- SSPCthe SFI Research Centre for PharmaceuticalsDublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublinDublin 9Ireland
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6
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Parhi R. Recent advances in 3D printed microneedles and their skin delivery application in the treatment of various diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Ertugrul I, Ulkir O, Ersoy S, Ragulskis M. Additive Manufactured Strain Sensor Using Stereolithography Method with Photopolymer Material. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040991. [PMID: 36850274 PMCID: PMC9965623 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of the developments in additive manufacturing (AM) technology, 3D printing is transforming from a method used only in rapid prototyping to a technique used to produce large-scale equipment. This study presents the fabrication and experimental studies of a 3D-printed strain sensor that can be used directly in soft applications. Photopolymer-based conductive and flexible ultraviolet (UV) resin materials are used in the fabrication of the sensor. A Stereolithography (SLA)-based printer is preferred for 3D fabrication. The bottom base of the sensor, which consists of two parts, is produced from flexible UV resin, while the channels that should be conductive are produced from conductive UV resin. In total, a strain sensor with a thickness of 2 mm was produced. Experimental studies were carried out under loading and unloading conditions to observe the hysteresis effect of the sensor. The results showed a close linear relationship between the strain sensor and the measured resistance value. In addition, tensile test specimens were produced to observe the behavior of conductive and non-conductive materials. The tensile strength values obtained from the test results will provide information about the sensor placement. In addition, the flexible structure of the strain sensor will ensure its usability in many soft applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishak Ertugrul
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, 44138 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Osman Ulkir
- Department of Electric and Energy, Mus Alparslan University, 49250 Mus, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Ersoy
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Marmara University, 34565 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Minvydas Ragulskis
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, 44138 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Charbe NB, Tambuwala M, Palakurthi SS, Warokar A, Hromić‐Jahjefendić A, Bakshi H, Zacconi F, Mishra V, Khadse S, Aljabali AA, El‐Tanani M, Serrano‐Aroca Ã, Palakurthi S. Biomedical applications of three-dimensional bioprinted craniofacial tissue engineering. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10333. [PMID: 36684092 PMCID: PMC9842068 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomical complications of the craniofacial regions often present considerable challenges to the surgical repair or replacement of the damaged tissues. Surgical repair has its own set of limitations, including scarcity of the donor tissues, immune rejection, use of immune suppressors followed by the surgery, and restriction in restoring the natural aesthetic appeal. Rapid advancement in the field of biomaterials, cell biology, and engineering has helped scientists to create cellularized skeletal muscle-like structures. However, the existing method still has limitations in building large, highly vascular tissue with clinical application. With the advance in the three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique, scientists and clinicians now can produce the functional implants of skeletal muscles and bones that are more patient-specific with the perfect match to the architecture of their craniofacial defects. Craniofacial tissue regeneration using 3D bioprinting can manage and eliminate the restrictions of the surgical transplant from the donor site. The concept of creating the new functional tissue, exactly mimicking the anatomical and physiological function of the damaged tissue, looks highly attractive. This is crucial to reduce the donor site morbidity and retain the esthetics. 3D bioprinting can integrate all three essential components of tissue engineering, that is, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and regeneration of the lost craniofacial tissues. Such integration essentially helps to develop the patient-specific treatment plans and damage site-driven creation of the functional implants for the craniofacial defects. This article is the bird's eye view on the latest development and application of 3D bioprinting in the regeneration of the skeletal muscle tissues and their application in restoring the functional abilities of the damaged craniofacial tissue. We also discussed current challenges in craniofacial bone vascularization and gave our view on the future direction, including establishing the interactions between tissue-engineered skeletal muscle and the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Bharat Charbe
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of PharmacyTexas A&M Health Science CenterKingsvilleTexasUSA
| | - Murtaza Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | | | - Amol Warokar
- Department of PharmacyDadasaheb Balpande College of PharmacyNagpurIndia
| | - Altijana Hromić‐Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesInternational University of SarajevoSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Hamid Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - Flavia Zacconi
- Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de FarmaciaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia
| | - Saurabh Khadse
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryR.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchDhuleIndia
| | - Alaa A. Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesYarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan
| | - Mohamed El‐Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of PharmacyAl‐Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmmanJordan
| | - Ãngel Serrano‐Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab Translational Research Centre San Alberto MagnoCatholic University of Valencia San Vicente MártirValenciaSpain
| | - Srinath Palakurthi
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of PharmacyTexas A&M Health Science CenterKingsvilleTexasUSA
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Dai S, Wang Q, Jiang Z, Liu C, Teng X, Yan S, Xia D, Tuo Z, Bi L. Application of three-dimensional printing technology in renal diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1088592. [PMID: 36530907 PMCID: PMC9755183 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1088592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology involves the application of digital models to create 3D objects. It is used in construction and manufacturing and has gradually spread to medical applications, such as implants, drug development, medical devices, prosthetic limbs, and in vitro models. The application of 3D printing has great prospects for development in orthopedics, maxillofacial plastic surgery, cardiovascular conditions, liver disease, and other fields. With in-depth research on 3D printing technology and the continuous update of printing materials, this technology also shows broad development prospects in renal medicine. In this paper, the author mainly summarizes the basic theory of 3D printing technology, its research progress, application status, and development prospect in renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Dai
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Songbai Yan
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dian Xia
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhouting Tuo
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liangkuan Bi
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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10
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A Review on Stimuli-Actuated 3D Micro/Nanostructures for Tissue Engineering and the Potential of Laser-Direct Writing via Two-Photon Polymerization for Structure Fabrication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214270. [PMID: 36430752 PMCID: PMC9699325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we present the most recent and relevant research that has been done regarding the fabrication of 3D micro/nanostructures for tissue engineering applications. First, we make an overview of 3D micro/nanostructures that act as backbone constructs where the seeded cells can attach, proliferate and differentiate towards the formation of new tissue. Then, we describe the fabrication of 3D micro/nanostructures that are able to control the cellular processes leading to faster tissue regeneration, by actuation using topographical, mechanical, chemical, electric or magnetic stimuli. An in-depth analysis of the actuation of the 3D micro/nanostructures using each of the above-mentioned stimuli for controlling the behavior of the seeded cells is provided. For each type of stimulus, a particular recent application is presented and discussed, such as controlling the cell proliferation and avoiding the formation of a necrotic core (topographic stimulation), controlling the cell adhesion (nanostructuring), supporting the cell differentiation via nuclei deformation (mechanical stimulation), improving the osteogenesis (chemical and magnetic stimulation), controlled drug-delivery systems (electric stimulation) and fastening tissue formation (magnetic stimulation). The existing techniques used for the fabrication of such stimuli-actuated 3D micro/nanostructures, are briefly summarized. Special attention is dedicated to structures' fabrication using laser-assisted technologies. The performances of stimuli-actuated 3D micro/nanostructures fabricated by laser-direct writing via two-photon polymerization are particularly emphasized.
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11
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Jing X, Fu H, Yu B, Sun M, Wang L. Two-photon polymerization for 3D biomedical scaffolds: Overview and updates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:994355. [PMID: 36072288 PMCID: PMC9441635 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.994355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The needs for high-resolution, well-defined and complex 3D microstructures in diverse fields call for the rapid development of novel 3D microfabrication techniques. Among those, two-photon polymerization (TPP) attracted extensive attention owing to its unique and useful characteristics. As an approach to implementing additive manufacturing, TPP has truly 3D writing ability to fabricate artificially designed constructs with arbitrary geometry. The spatial resolution of the manufactured structures via TPP can exceed the diffraction limit. The 3D structures fabricated by TPP could properly mimic the microenvironment of natural extracellular matrix, providing powerful tools for the study of cell behavior. TPP can meet the requirements of manufacturing technique for 3D scaffolds (engineering cell culture matrices) used in cytobiology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this review, we demonstrated the development in 3D microfabrication techniques and we presented an overview of the applications of TPP as an advanced manufacturing technique in complex 3D biomedical scaffolds fabrication. Given this multidisciplinary field, we discussed the perspectives of physics, materials science, chemistry, biomedicine and mechanical engineering. Additionally, we dived into the principles of tow-photon absorption (TPA) and TPP, requirements of 3D biomedical scaffolders, developed-to-date materials and chemical approaches used by TPP and manufacturing strategies based on mechanical engineering. In the end, we draw out the limitations of TPP on 3D manufacturing for now along with some prospects of its future outlook towards the fabrication of 3D biomedical scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Jing
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongxun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Baojun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Baojun Yu,
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Liye Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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12
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Patel M, Ahn S, Koh WG. Topographical pattern for neuronal tissue engineering. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Mo X, Ouyang L, Xiong Z, Zhang T. Advances in Digital Light Processing of Hydrogels. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35477166 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac6b04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels, three-dimensional (3D) networks of hydrophilic polymers formed in water, are a significant type of soft matter used in fundamental and applied sciences. Hydrogels are of particular interest for biomedical applications, owing to their soft elasticity and good biocompatibility. However, the high water content and soft nature of hydrogels often make it difficult to process them into desirable solid forms. The development of 3D printing (3DP) technologies has provided opportunities for the manufacturing of hydrogels, by adopting a freeform fabrication method. Owing to its high printing speed and resolution, vat photopolymerization 3DP has recently attracted considerable interest for hydrogel fabrication, with digital light processing (DLP) becoming a widespread representative technique. Whilst acknowledging that other types of vat photopolymerization 3DP have also been applied for this purpose, we here only focus on DLP and its derivatives. In this review, we first comprehensively outline the most recent advances in both materials and fabrication, including the adaptation of novel hydrogel systems and advances in processing (e.g., volumetric printing and multimaterial integration). Secondly, we summarize the applications of hydrogel DLP, including regenerative medicine, functional microdevices, and soft robotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that either of these specific review focuses has been adopted in the literature. More importantly, we discuss the major challenges associated with hydrogel DLP and provide our perspectives on future trends. To summarize, this review aims to aid and inspire other researchers investigatng DLP, photocurable hydrogels, and the research fields related to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwu Mo
- Tsinghua University Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation(111 Center), Beijing, 100084, CHINA
| | - Liliang Ouyang
- Tsinghua University Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation(111 Center), Beijing, 100084, CHINA
| | - Zhuo Xiong
- Tsinghua University Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation(111 Center), Beijing, 100084, CHINA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Tsinghua University Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation(111 Center), Beijing, 100084, CHINA
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14
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Trends in Drug- and Vaccine-based Dissolvable Microneedle Materials and Methods of Fabrication. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 173:54-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Four-Dimensional Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels Micro-Structured via Femtosecond Laser Additive Manufacturing. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010032. [PMID: 35056197 PMCID: PMC8779986 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid fabricating and harnessing stimuli-responsive behaviors of microscale bio-compatible hydrogels are of great interest to the emerging micro-mechanics, drug delivery, artificial scaffolds, nano-robotics, and lab chips. Herein, we demonstrate a novel femtosecond laser additive manufacturing process with smart materials for soft interactive hydrogel micro-machines. Bio-compatible hyaluronic acid methacryloyl was polymerized with hydrophilic diacrylate into an absorbent hydrogel matrix under a tight topological control through a 532 nm green femtosecond laser beam. The proposed hetero-scanning strategy modifies the hierarchical polymeric degrees inside the hydrogel matrix, leading to a controllable surface tension mismatch. Strikingly, these programmable stimuli-responsive matrices mechanized hydrogels into robotic applications at the micro/nanoscale (<300 × 300 × 100 μm3). Reverse high-freedom shape mutations of diversified microstructures were created from simple initial shapes and identified without evident fatigue. We further confirmed the biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and tunable mechanics of the as-prepared hydrogels. Benefiting from the high-efficiency two-photon polymerization (TPP), nanometer feature size (<200 nm), and flexible digitalized modeling technique, many more micro/nanoscale hydrogel robots or machines have become obtainable in respect of future interdisciplinary applications.
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16
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Pérez-Köhler B, Benito-Martínez S, Gómez-Gil V, Rodríguez M, Pascual G, Bellón JM. New Insights into the Application of 3D-Printing Technology in Hernia Repair. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14227092. [PMID: 34832493 PMCID: PMC8623842 DOI: 10.3390/ma14227092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal hernia repair using prosthetic materials is among the surgical interventions most widely performed worldwide. These materials, or meshes, are implanted to close the hernial defect, reinforcing the abdominal muscles and reestablishing mechanical functionality of the wall. Meshes for hernia repair are made of synthetic or biological materials exhibiting multiple shapes and configurations. Despite the myriad of devices currently marketed, the search for the ideal mesh continues as, thus far, no device offers optimal tissue repair and restored mechanical performance while minimizing postoperative complications. Additive manufacturing, or 3D-printing, has great potential for biomedical applications. Over the years, different biomaterials with advanced features have been successfully manufactured via 3D-printing for the repair of hard and soft tissues. This technological improvement is of high clinical relevance and paves the way to produce next-generation devices tailored to suit each individual patient. This review focuses on the state of the art and applications of 3D-printing technology for the manufacture of synthetic meshes. We highlight the latest approaches aimed at developing improved bioactive materials (e.g., optimizing antibacterial performance, drug release, or device opacity for contrast imaging). Challenges, limitations, and future perspectives are discussed, offering a comprehensive scenario for the applicability of 3D-printing in hernia repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Pérez-Köhler
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (B.P.-K.); (S.B.-M.)
- Biomedical Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.G.-G.); (M.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Selma Benito-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (B.P.-K.); (S.B.-M.)
- Biomedical Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.G.-G.); (M.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Gómez-Gil
- Biomedical Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.G.-G.); (M.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Departamento de Cirugía, Ciencias Médicas y Sociales, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez
- Biomedical Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.G.-G.); (M.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Ciencias Médicas y Sociales, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Gemma Pascual
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (B.P.-K.); (S.B.-M.)
- Biomedical Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.G.-G.); (M.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Manuel Bellón
- Biomedical Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.G.-G.); (M.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Ciencias Médicas y Sociales, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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17
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Hydrophilic Excipient-Independent Drug Release from SLA-Printed Pellets. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101717. [PMID: 34684010 PMCID: PMC8541594 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, specifically stereolithography (SLA) technology, has recently created exciting possibilities for the design and fabrication of sophisticated dosages for oral administration, paving a practical way to precisely manufacture customized pharmaceutical dosages with both personalized properties and sustained drug release behavior. However, the sustained drug release achieved in prior studies largely relies on the presence of hydrophilic excipients in the printing formulation, which unfortunately impedes the printability and formability of the corresponding printing formulations. The current study developed and prepared mini-sized oral pellets using the SLA technique and successfully accomplished a hydrophilic excipient-independent drug release behavior. With ibuprofen as the model drug, the customized photopolymerizable printing formulation included polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as a monomer and diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO) as a photoinitiator. The produced mini-sized pellets were thoroughly investigated for various factors, including their printability, physical properties, microscopic features, drug content, and drug-release profiles. The drug release profiles from the printed pellets that were larger size (3 mm and 6 mm) followed the Ritger–Peppas model, demonstrating that the release was influenced by both the diffusion of the dissolved drug and by the erosion of the hydrophilic excipients (PEG400). The profiles from the smaller printed pellets (1 mm and 2 mm) followed first release kinetics, not only illustrating that the release was impacted only by drug diffusion, but also indicating that there is a size boundary between the dependent and independent hydrophilic excipients. These results could create practical benefits to the pharmaceutical industry in terms of the design and development personalized dosages using the SLA printing technique with controllable drug release by manipulating size alone.
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18
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Aghda NH, Pillai AR, Thakkar R, Nokhodchi A, Maniruzzaman M. Emerging 3D printing technologies for drug delivery devices: Current status and future perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:294-316. [PMID: 33895212 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 'one-size-fits-all' approach followed by conventional drug delivery platforms often restricts its application in pharmaceutical industry, due to the incapability of adapting to individual pharmacokinetic traits. Driven by the development of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, three-dimensional (3D) printed drug delivery medical devices have gained increasing popularity, which offers key advantages over traditional drug delivery systems. The major benefits include the ability to fabricate 3D structures with customizable design and intricate architecture, and most importantly, ease of personalized medication. Furthermore, the emergence of multi-material printing and four-dimensional (4D) printing integrates the benefits of multiple functional materials, and thus provide widespread opportunities for the advancement of personalized drug delivery devices. Despite the remarkable progress made by AM techniques, concerns related to regulatory issues, scalability and cost-effectiveness remain major hurdles. Herein, we provide an overview on the latest accomplishments in 3D printed drug delivery devices as well as major challenges and future perspectives for AM enabled dosage forms and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Niloofar Heshmati Aghda
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Amit Raviraj Pillai
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rishi Thakkar
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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19
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Ivone R, Yang Y, Shen J. Recent Advances in 3D Printing for Parenteral Applications. AAPS J 2021; 23:87. [PMID: 34145513 PMCID: PMC8212901 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing has emerged as an advanced manufacturing technology in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. Despite much focus on enteral applications, there has been a lack of research focused on potential benefits of 3D printing for parenteral applications such as wound dressings, biomedical devices, and regenerative medicines. 3D printing technologies, including fused deposition modeling, vat polymerization, and powder bed printing, allow for rapid prototyping of personalized medications, capable of producing dosage forms with flexible dimensions based on patient anatomy as well as dosage form properties such as porosity. Considerations such as printing properties and material selection play a key role in determining overall printability of the constructs. These parameters also impact drug release kinetics, and mechanical properties of final printed constructs, which play a role in modulating immune response upon insertion in the body. Despite challenges in sterilization of printed constructs, additional post-printing processing procedures, and lack of regulatory guidance, 3D printing will continue to evolve to meet the needs of developing effective, personalized medicines for parenteral applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Ivone
- grid.20431.340000 0004 0416 2242Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA.
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20
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Borandeh S, van Bochove B, Teotia A, Seppälä J. Polymeric drug delivery systems by additive manufacturing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:349-373. [PMID: 33831477 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining interests in drug delivery applications, offering innovative opportunities for the design and development of systems with complex geometry and programmed controlled release profile. In addition, polymer-based drug delivery systems can improve drug safety, efficacy, patient compliance, and are the key materials in AM. Therefore, combining AM and polymers can be beneficial to overcome the existing limitations in the development of controlled release drug delivery systems. Considering these advantages, here we are focusing on the recent developments in the field of polymeric drug delivery systems prepared by AM. This review provides a comprehensive overview on a holistic polymer-AM perspective for drug delivery systems with discussion on the materials, properties, design and fabrication techniques and the mechanisms used to achieve a controlled release system. The current challenges and future perspectives for personalized medicine and clinical use of these systems are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Borandeh
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Bas van Bochove
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Arun Teotia
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland.
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21
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Laird NZ, Acri TM, Chakka JL, Quarterman JC, Malkawi WI, Elangovan S, Salem AK. Applications of nanotechnology in 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 161:15-28. [PMID: 33549706 PMCID: PMC7969465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that aims to combine life sciences and engineering to create therapies that regenerate functional tissue. Early work in tissue engineering mostly used materials as inert scaffolding structures, but research has shown that constructing scaffolds from biologically active materials can help with regeneration by enabling cell-scaffold interactions or release of factors that aid in regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a promising technique for the fabrication of structurally intricate and compositionally complex tissue engineering scaffolds. Such scaffolds can be functionalized with techniques developed by nanotechnology research to further enhance their ability to stimulate regeneration and interact with cells. Nanotechnological components, nanoscale textures, and microscale/nanoscale printing can all be incorporated into the manufacture of 3D printed scaffolds. This review discusses recent advancements in the merging of nanotechnology with 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds, with a focus on applications of nanoscale components, nanoscale texture, and innovative printing techniques and the effects observed in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Z Laird
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Timothy M Acri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jaidev L Chakka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Juliana C Quarterman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Walla I Malkawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Satheesh Elangovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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22
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Zidan G, Greene CA, Etxabide A, Rupenthal ID, Seyfoddin A. Gelatine-based drug-eluting bandage contact lenses: Effect of PEGDA concentration and manufacturing technique. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120452. [PMID: 33676990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Drug-eluting bandage contact lenses (BCLs) have been widely studied as an alternative to eye drops due to their ability to increase the drug residence time and bioavailability as well as improve patient compliance. While silicone hydrogel polymers are commonly used in drug-eluting BCLs due to their transparency, mechanical properties and high oxygen permeability, gelatine hydrogels are also clear, flexible and have high oxygen permeability and may therefore be suitable contact lens materials. Moreover, the rheological properties of gelatine hydrogels allow their use as inks in extrusion-based 3D printers, therefore opening the door to a wide range of applications. Drug-loaded gelatine methacryloyl (GelMA) BCLs with different concentrations of poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) were prepared using solvent casting and 3D printing. The prepared lenses were characterised for their swelling ratio, in vitro degradation, and drug release properties. The results showed that the incorporation of 10% PEGDA improved the lenses' resistance to handling and protected them during degradation testing, reduced the swelling ratio and prolonged the release of dexamethasone (DEX). Both techniques were deemed suitable to use in the manufacturing of drug-eluting BCLs noting that the optimal formulation may vary according to the preparation technique utilised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Zidan
- Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Carol A Greene
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alaitz Etxabide
- ALITEC Research Group, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnology and Food, School of Agricultural Engineering, Public University of Navarre (upna/nup), 31006 Pamplona-Iruña, Spain; School of Chemical Sciences 302, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ali Seyfoddin
- Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
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23
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Liu W, Jing X, Xu Z, Teng C. PEGDA/HA mineralized hydrogel loaded with Exendin4 promotes bone regeneration in rat models with bone defects by inducing osteogenesis. J Biomater Appl 2021; 35:1337-1346. [PMID: 33467965 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220987046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds with osteogenic differentiation function play an important role in the healing process of bone defects. Here, we designed a high strength Poly(ethyleneglycol) diacrylate/Hydroxyapatite (PEGDA/HA) mineralized hydrogel loaded with Exendin4 for inducing osteogenic differentiation. In this study, PEGDA hydrogel was prepared by photo initiating method. PEGDA/HA mineralized hydrogel was prepared by in-situ precipitation method, and Exendin4 was loaded by gel adsorption. The effects of different calcium and phosphorus concentrations on the strength and Exendin4 release of PEGDA/HA hydrogels were investigated. Rat models of bone defect were made and randomly divided into 5 groups. The experimental group was implanted with PEGDA hydrogel, Exendin4-PEGDA hydrogel, PEGDA/HA mineralized hydrogel, Exendin4-PEGDA/HA mineralized hydrogel, and no materials were implanted in the blank control group. Computed tomography (CT) and histology were observed 4 and 8 weeks after operation. Our results revealed that the PEGDA/HA mineralized hydrogel had porous structure, high mechanical strength and good biocompatibility. In vitro release test showed that the mineralized hydrogel exhibited good sustained release profile within 20 d. The animal experiments showed that the mineralized hydrogel accelerated the formation of new bone after 4 and 8 weeks, and formed a seamless union on the defected bone area after 8 weeks. In conclusions, The Exendin4-PEGDA/HA mineralized hydrogel can effectively repair bone defects in rats, and it is expected to be used as a biomaterial for human bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xiaowei Jing
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Chong Teng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
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24
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Durga Prasad Reddy R, Sharma V. Additive manufacturing in drug delivery applications: A review. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Xu X, Awad A, Robles-Martinez P, Gaisford S, Goyanes A, Basit AW. Vat photopolymerization 3D printing for advanced drug delivery and medical device applications. J Control Release 2020; 329:743-757. [PMID: 33031881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is transforming manufacturing paradigms within healthcare. Vat photopolymerization 3D printing technology combines the benefits of high resolution and favourable printing speed, offering a sophisticated approach to fabricate bespoke medical devices and drug delivery systems. Herein, an overview of the vat polymerization techniques, their unique applications in the fields of drug delivery and medical device fabrication, material examples and the advantages they provide within healthcare, is provided. The challenges and drawbacks presented by this technology are also discussed. It is forecast that the adoption of 3D printing could pave the way for a personalised health system, advancing from traditional treatments pathways towards digital healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Atheer Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Pamela Robles-Martinez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I + D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Abdul W Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK.
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Limongi T, Susa F, Allione M, di Fabrizio E. Drug Delivery Applications of Three-Dimensional Printed (3DP) Mesoporous Scaffolds. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E851. [PMID: 32911620 PMCID: PMC7558976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous materials are structures characterized by a well-ordered large pore system with uniform porous dimensions ranging between 2 and 50 nm. Typical samples are zeolite, carbon molecular sieves, porous metal oxides, organic and inorganic porous hybrid and pillared materials, silica clathrate and clathrate hydrates compounds. Improvement in biochemistry and materials science led to the design and implementation of different types of porous materials ranging from rigid to soft two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) skeletons. The present review focuses on the use of three-dimensional printed (3DP) mesoporous scaffolds suitable for a wide range of drug delivery applications, due to their intrinsic high surface area and high pore volume. In the first part, the importance of the porosity of materials employed for drug delivery application was discussed focusing on mesoporous materials. At the end of the introduction, hard and soft templating synthesis for the realization of ordered 2D/3D mesostructured porous materials were described. In the second part, 3DP fabrication techniques, including fused deposition modelling, material jetting as inkjet printing, electron beam melting, selective laser sintering, stereolithography and digital light processing, electrospinning, and two-photon polymerization were described. In the last section, through recent bibliographic research, a wide number of 3D printed mesoporous materials, for in vitro and in vivo drug delivery applications, most of which relate to bone cells and tissues, were presented and summarized in a table in which all the technical and bibliographical details were reported. This review highlights, to a very cross-sectional audience, how the interdisciplinarity of certain branches of knowledge, as those of materials science and nano-microfabrication are, represent a growing valuable aid in the advanced forum for the science and technology of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Limongi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.S.); (E.d.F.)
| | - Francesca Susa
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.S.); (E.d.F.)
| | - Marco Allione
- SMILEs Lab, PSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Enzo di Fabrizio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.S.); (E.d.F.)
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Seo JW, Shin SR, Park YJ, Bae H. Hydrogel Production Platform with Dynamic Movement Using Photo-Crosslinkable/Temperature Reversible Chitosan Polymer and Stereolithography 4D Printing Technology. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:423-431. [PMID: 32441008 PMCID: PMC7392993 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) printing using hydrogel has made great strides when it comes to mimicking 3D artificial tissue in the medical field. However, most structures do not mimic the dynamic movement of the tissues. Without imitating dynamic movements, there are limitations on the extent to which the proper implementation of the tissue's own functions can be achieved. METHOD In this study, we intend to present an approach to solving this problem using hydroxybutyl methacrylated chitosan (HBC-MA), a photo-crosslinkable/temperature reversible chitosan polymer. In addition, stereolithography-3D (SLA-3D) printing technology was used, which is more likely to mimic the complex microstructure. As a control, a 3D structure made with pristine poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) was created, and a 4D structure was prepared by adding HBC-MA to poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEG-DMAP) resin. RESULTS HBC-MA caused the expansion of water into the polymer matrix at low temperature, and the 4D structure resulted in expansion of the polymer volume, generating dynamic movement due to the expansion of water. Conversely, as the temperature rose, deswelling occurred, followed by a decrease in the volume, showing a shape memory property of returning to the existing structure. Morphological, swelling, and mechanical analysis further confirmed the principle of dynamic movement. In addition, parameters were provided through calculation of the bending ratio angle (θ). CONCLUSION Through this, it is suggested that HBC-MA can be applied as a core polymer for SLA-4D printing, and has high potential for realizing the dynamic movement of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Wook Seo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yeon Joo Park
- Department Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojae Bae
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Lee M, Rizzo R, Surman F, Zenobi-Wong M. Guiding Lights: Tissue Bioprinting Using Photoactivated Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10950-11027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Lee
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - František Surman
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Crowe JA, El-Tamer A, Nagel D, Koroleva AV, Madrid-Wolff J, Olarte OE, Sokolovsky S, Estevez-Priego E, Ludl AA, Soriano J, Loza-Alvarez P, Chichkov BN, Hill EJ, Parri HR, Rafailov EU. Development of two-photon polymerised scaffolds for optical interrogation and neurite guidance of human iPSC-derived cortical neuronal networks. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1792-1806. [PMID: 32314760 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01209e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the field of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has led to the efficient production of human neuronal cell models for in vitro study. This has the potential to enable the understanding of live human cellular and network function which is otherwise not possible. However, a major challenge is the generation of reproducible neural networks together with the ability to interrogate and record at the single cell level. A promising aid is the use of biomaterial scaffolds that would enable the development and guidance of neuronal networks in physiologically relevant architectures and dimensionality. The optimal scaffold material would need to be precisely fabricated with submicron resolution, be optically transparent, and biocompatible. Two-photon polymerisation (2PP) enables precise microfabrication of three-dimensional structures. In this study, we report the identification of two biomaterials that support the growth and differentiation of human iPSC-derived neural progenitors into functional neuronal networks. Furthermore, these materials can be patterned to induce alignment of neuronal processes and enable the optical interrogation of individual cells. 2PP scaffolds with tailored topographies therefore provide an effective method of producing defined in vitro human neural networks for application in influencing neurite guidance and complex network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Crowe
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, B4 7ET Birmingham, UK.
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Prendergast ME, Burdick JA. Recent Advances in Enabling Technologies in 3D Printing for Precision Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902516. [PMID: 31512289 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in areas such as data analytics, genomics, and imaging have revealed individual patient complexities and exposed the inherent limitations of generic therapies for patient treatment. These observations have also fueled the development of precision medicine approaches, where therapies are tailored for the individual rather than the broad patient population. 3D printing is a field that intersects with precision medicine through the design of precision implants with patient-directed shapes, structures, and materials or for the development of patient-specific in vitro models that can be used for screening precision therapeutics. Toward their success, advances in 3D printing and biofabrication technologies are needed with enhanced resolution, complexity, reproducibility, and speed and that encompass a broad range of cells and materials. The overall goal of this progress report is to highlight recent advances in 3D printing technologies that are helping to enable advances important in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Prendergast
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
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31
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Clark EA, Alexander MR, Irvine DJ, Roberts CJ, Wallace MJ, Yoo J, Wildman RD. Making tablets for delivery of poorly soluble drugs using photoinitiated 3D inkjet printing. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:118805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fan D, Staufer U, Accardo A. Engineered 3D Polymer and Hydrogel Microenvironments for Cell Culture Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E113. [PMID: 31847117 PMCID: PMC6955903 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of biomimetic microenvironments for cell biology applications such as organ-on-chip, in vitro drug screening, and tissue engineering is one of the most fascinating research areas in the field of bioengineering. The continuous evolution of additive manufacturing techniques provides the tools to engineer these architectures at different scales. Moreover, it is now possible to tailor their biomechanical and topological properties while taking inspiration from the characteristics of the extracellular matrix, the three-dimensional scaffold in which cells proliferate, migrate, and differentiate. In such context, there is therefore a continuous quest for synthetic and nature-derived composite materials that must hold biocompatible, biodegradable, bioactive features and also be compatible with the envisioned fabrication strategy. The structure of the current review is intended to provide to both micro-engineers and cell biologists a comparative overview of the characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks of the major 3D printing techniques, the most promising biomaterials candidates, and the trade-offs that must be considered in order to replicate the properties of natural microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (D.F.); (U.S.)
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Ahmed KK, Tamer MA, Ghareeb MM, Salem AK. Recent Advances in Polymeric Implants. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:300. [PMID: 31482251 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantable drug delivery systems, such as drug pumps and polymeric drug depots, have emerged as means of providing predetermined drug release profiles at the desired site of action. While initial implants aimed at providing an enduring drug supply, developments in polymer chemistry and pharmaceutical technology and the growing need for refined drug delivery patterns have prompted the design of sophisticated drug delivery implants such as on-demand drug-eluting implants and personalized 3D printed implants. The types of cargo loaded into these implants range from small drug molecules to hormones and even therapeutic cells. This review will shed light upon recent advances in materials and composites used for polymeric implant fabrication, highlight select approaches employed in polymeric implant fabrication, feature medical applications where polymeric implants have a significant impact, and report recent advances made in these areas.
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Thompson JR, Worthington KS, Green BJ, Mullin NK, Jiao C, Kaalberg EE, Wiley LA, Han IC, Russell SR, Sohn EH, Guymon CA, Mullins RF, Stone EM, Tucker BA. Two-photon polymerized poly(caprolactone) retinal cell delivery scaffolds and their systemic and retinal biocompatibility. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:204-218. [PMID: 31055121 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapies are often enhanced by utilizing polymer scaffolds to improve retention or direct cell orientation and migration. Obstacles to refinement of such polymer scaffolds often include challenges in controlling the microstructure of biocompatible molecules in three dimensions at cellular scales. Two-photon polymerization of acrylated poly(caprolactone) (PCL) could offer a means of achieving precise microstructural control of a material in a biocompatible platform. In this work, we studied the effect of various formulation and two-photon polymerization parameters on minimum laser power needed to achieve polymerization, resolution, and fidelity to a target 3D model designed to be used for retinal cell replacement. Overall, we found that increasing the concentration of crosslink-able groups decreased polymerization threshold and the size of resolvable features while increasing fidelity of the scaffold to the 3D model. In general, this improvement was achieved by increasing the number of acrylate groups per prepolymer molecule, increasing the acrylated PCL concentration, or decreasing its molecular weight. Resulting two-photon polymerized PCL scaffolds successfully supported human iPSC derived retinal progenitor cells in vitro. Sub-retinal implantation of cell free scaffolds in a porcine model of retinitis pigmentosa did not cause inflammation, infection or local or systemic toxicity after one month. In addition, comprehensive ISO 10993 testing of photopolymerized scaffolds revealed a favorable biocompatibility profile. These results represent an important step towards understanding how two-photon polymerization can be applied to a wide range of biologically compatible chemistries for various biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Inherited retinal degenerative blindness results from the death of light sensing photoreceptor cells. To restore high-acuity vision a photoreceptor cell replacement strategy will likely be necessary. Unfortunately, single cell injection typically results in poor cell survival and integration post-transplantation. Polymeric biomaterial cell delivery scaffolds can be used to promote donor cell viability, control cellular polarity and increase packing density. A challenge faced in this endeavor has been developing methods suitable for generating scaffolds that can be used to deliver stem cell derived photoreceptors in an ordered columnar orientation (i.e., similar to that of the native retina). In this study we combined the biomaterial poly(caprolactone) with two-photon lithography to generate a biocompatible, clinically relevant scaffold suitable for retina cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Thompson
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, 5601 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kristan S Worthington
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, 5601 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brian J Green
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nathaniel K Mullin
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chunhua Jiao
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Emily E Kaalberg
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Luke A Wiley
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ian C Han
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Stephen R Russell
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Elliott H Sohn
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - C Allan Guymon
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Edwin M Stone
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4111 Medical Education and Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Chakka JL, Salem AK. 3D printing in drug delivery systems. JOURNAL OF 3D PRINTING IN MEDICINE 2019; 3:59-62. [PMID: 31258935 PMCID: PMC6587107 DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaidev L Chakka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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36
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Asikainen S, van Bochove B, Seppälä JV. Drug-releasing biopolymeric structures manufactured via stereolithography. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaf0e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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