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Leane M, Pitt K, Reynolds G, Tantuccio A, Moreton C, Crean A, Kleinebudde P, Carlin B, Gamble J, Gamlen M, Stone E, Kuentz M, Gururajan B, Khimyak YZ, Van Snick B, Andersen S, Misic Z, Peter S, Sheehan S. Ten years of the manufacturing classification system: a review of literature applications and an extension of the framework to continuous manufacture. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:395-414. [PMID: 38618690 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2342953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The MCS initiative was first introduced in 2013. Since then, two MCS papers have been published: the first proposing a structured approach to consider the impact of drug substance physical properties on manufacturability and the second outlining real world examples of MCS principles. By 2023, both publications had been extensively cited by over 240 publications. This article firstly reviews this citing work and considers how the MCS concepts have been received and are being applied. Secondly, we will extend the MCS framework to continuous manufacture. The review structure follows the flow of drug product development focussing first on optimisation of API properties. The exploitation of links between API particle properties and manufacturability using large datasets seems particularly promising. Subsequently, applications of the MCS for formulation design include a detailed look at the impact of percolation threshold, the role of excipients and how other classification systems can be of assistance. The final review section focusses on manufacturing process development, covering the impact of strain rate sensitivity and modelling applications. The second part of the paper focuses on continuous processing proposing a parallel MCS framework alongside the existing batch manufacturing guidance. Specifically, we propose that continuous direct compression can accommodate a wider range of API properties compared to its batch equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leane
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Moreton, UK
| | - Kendal Pitt
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Gavin Reynolds
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Anthony Tantuccio
- Technology Intensification, Hovione LLC, East Windsor, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Abina Crean
- SSPC, the SFI Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Peter Kleinebudde
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brian Carlin
- Owner, Carlin Pharma Consulting, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Gamble
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Moreton, UK
| | - Michael Gamlen
- Chief Scientific Officer, Gamlen Tableting Ltd, Heanor, UK
| | - Elaine Stone
- Consultant, Stonepharma Ltd. ATIC, Loughborough, UK
| | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Bindhu Gururajan
- Pharmaceutical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Bernd Van Snick
- Oral Solids Development, Drug Product Development, JnJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sune Andersen
- Oral Solids Development, Drug Product Development, JnJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Zdravka Misic
- Innovation Research and Development, dsm-firmenich, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Peter
- Research and Development Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Sheehan
- External Development and Manufacturing, Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Lück M, Klinken S, Kleinebudde P. Laser Triangulation Based In-Line Elastic Recovery Measurement for the Determination of Ribbon Solid Fraction in Roll Compaction. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1020-1028. [PMID: 37839611 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Process Analytical Technology (PAT) plays a crucial role in the design of today's manufacturing lines as continuous manufacturing becomes more important. Until now PAT tools to measure the ribbon solid fraction (SFribbon) in-line are not commonly used in roll compaction. The aim of this study was therefore to establish a new approach as PAT for in-line ribbon solid fraction determination. Different placebo formulations with different binders and one formulation containing active pharmaceutical ingredient were investigated using in-line laser triangulation measurement to detect the ribbon thickness after compaction. With this the ribbon elastic recovery was determined in-line (ERin-line) while the ribbons are attached to the roll surface. It was found that the ratio (ERratio) between the total elastic recovery and ERin-line is formulation specific and not influenced by any process parameters. This enables ERratio as prediction tool for SFribbon, if the solid fraction at gap (SFgap) width is known. SFgap was determined with ribbon mass flow measurement or based on the Midoux model, a simplified Johanson model, gaining two prediction models for SFribbon. Both models showed good agreement of the predicted SFribbon and the measured one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lück
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Klinken
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Kleinebudde
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Tofiq M, Nordström J, Persson AS, Alderborn G. Effect of excipient properties and blend ratio on the compression properties of dry granulated particles prepared from microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Martin‐Pastor M, Stoyanov E. New insights into the use of hydroxypropyl cellulose for drug solubility enhancement: An analytical study of sub‐molecular interactions with fenofibrate in solid state and aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Martin‐Pastor
- Unidad de Resonancia Magnética Área de Infraestructuras de Investigación, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela A Coruña Spain
| | - Edmont Stoyanov
- Chemical Division, Nisso Chemical Europe Duesseldorf Germany
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Tablet Scoring: Current Practice, Fundamentals, and Knowledge Gaps. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9153066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral solid dosage formulations and/or tablets have remained the preferred route of administration by both patients and health care practitioners. Oral tablets are easy to administer, they are non-invasive and cause less risk adversity. Because of the lack of commercially available tablet dose options, tablets are being split or partitioned by users. Tablet scoring refers to the breakage of a tablet to attain a desired efficacy dose and is an emerging concept in the pharmaceutical industry. The primary reason for the tablet scoring practice is to adjust the dose: dose tapering or dose titrating. Other reasons for tablet partitioning are to facilitate dose administration, particularly among the pediatric and the geriatric patient population, and to mitigating the high cost of prescription drugs. The scope of this review is to: (1) evaluate the advantages and inconveniences associated with tablet scoring/portioning, and (2) identify factors in the formulation and the manufacturing of tablets that influence tablet splitting. Whereas tablet partitioning has been a common practice, there is a lack of understanding regarding the fundamentals underpinning the performance of tablets with respect to splitting. Several factors can influence tablet partitioning: tablet size, shape, and thickness. A requirement has recently been set by the European Pharmacopoeia and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the uniformity of mass of subdivided tablets. For breaking ease, an in-vivo reference test and a routinely applicable in-vitro test need to be established.
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