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Chaiyabutr C, Punnakitikashem P, Silpa-archa N, Wongpraprarut C, Chularojanamontri L. The Anti-Psoriatic Efficacy and Safety Profile of Topical and Intralesional Methotrexate: A Literature Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2253-2274. [PMID: 36320927 PMCID: PMC9618255 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s380218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) has long been considered the first-line oral systemic pharmacotherapy for psoriasis. The drug has several well-known systemic side effects, such as bone marrow suppression and hepatotoxicity. To avoid them, the use of topical or intralesional administrations of MTX has become an interesting option. With the advent of novel drug delivery systems, especially nanocarriers, the usage of a high-efficacy and safe topical MTX for psoriasis has nearly been attained. This review examined the development, anti-psoriatic efficacy and adverse effects of topical forms of MTX (plain MTX; MTX with chemical enhancer; MTX using nanotechnology; MTX with protein transduction domains; MTX with liquid crystalline systems; and MTX with physical enhancer/laser) and intralesional MTX in psoriasis patients and psoriasis-induced animals. The efficacy of topical MTX varied with the drug delivery technology employed. Nevertheless, the overall safety profile of the topical forms was favourable. A 25 mg/mL MTX solution injected intralesionally at the nail matrix worked well for nail psoriasis recalcitrant to topical treatment. To improve the standard of care for patients with psoriasis, randomized controlled trials that establish the most effective MTX-delivery system are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayada Chaiyabutr
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Primana Punnakitikashem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumol Silpa-archa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanisada Wongpraprarut
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Leena Chularojanamontri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Correspondence: Leena Chularojanamontri, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand, Tel +66 2 419 4333, Fax +66 2 411 5031, Email
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Schertel S, Corzo C, Leitner L, Karrer J, Engel D, Teichmann Y, Zimmer A, Salar-Behzadi S. Going green: Development of a sustainable lipid-based enteric coating formulation for low-dose aspirin multiparticulate systems. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121453. [PMID: 35021045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a rising awareness of pharmaceutical industry of both patient-centric and sustainable product development. Manufacturing of multiparticulate systems (MPS) with functional coating via solvent-free hot melt coating (HMC) can fulfill both requirements. An innovative lipid-based formulation was developed with the composition of palmitic acid and Grindsted® citrem BC-FS (BC-FS) for enteric coating of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The ASA crystals were directly hot melt coated to produce user-friendly low-dose ASA MPS for thromboembolism prophylaxis. Prior to HMC, rational boundaries for the process temperature were defined based on the melting and crystallization behavior of coating blend. Stability of coating in terms of resistance to heat stress and solidstate stability were screened via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Exposure of coating blend to 100 °C for two hours did not cause any chemical degradation. Crystal growth of palmitic acid and polymorphic transformation in BC-FS were observed after storage under accelerated conditions, however did not significantly affect the ASA release from coating. The developed formulation is a unique solvent-free, lipid-based enteric composition and paves the way for sustainable green pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Schertel
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Hermes Arzneimittel GmbH, Division Hermes Pharma, 82049 Pullach, Germany
| | - Carolina Corzo
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Leitner
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Karrer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Engel
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Yannik Teichmann
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Solvent-Free Fabrication of Biphasic Lipid-Based Microparticles with Tunable Structure. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010054. [PMID: 35056953 PMCID: PMC8780016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based biphasic microparticles are generally produced by long and complex techniques based on double emulsions. In this study, spray congealing was used as a solvent-free fabrication method with improved processability to transform water-in-oil non-aqueous emulsions into spherical solid lipid-based particles with a biphasic structure (b-MPs). Emulsions were prepared by melt emulsification using different compositions of lipids (Dynasan®118 and Compritol®888 ATO), surfactants (Cetylstearyl alcohol and Span®60) and hydrophilic carriers (PEGs, Gelucire®48/16 and Poloxamer 188). First, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the area corresponding to each emulsion type (coarse emulsion or microemulsion). The hydrophobicity of the lipid mostly affected the interfacial tension, and thus the microstructure of the emulsion. Emulsions were then processed by spray congealing and the obtained b-MPs were characterized in terms of thermal and chemical properties (by DSC and FT-IR), external and internal morphology (by SEM, CLSM and Raman mapping). Solid free-flowing spherical particles (main size range 200–355 µm) with different architectures were successfully produced: microemulsions led to the formation of particles with a homogeneous internal structure, while coarse emulsions generated “multicores-shell” particles consisting of variable size hydrophilic cores evenly distributed within the crystalline lipid phase. Depending on their composition and structure, b-MPs could achieve various release profiles, representing a more versatile system than microparticles based on a single lipid phase. The formulation and technological strategy proposed, provides a feasible and cost-effective way of fabricating b-MPs with tunable internal structure and release behavior.
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Corzo C, Fuchsbichler A, Savencu I, Afonso Urich J, Zimmer A, Lochmann D, Reyer S, Salar-Behzadi S. Lipid-microparticles for pulmonary delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients: Impact of lipid crystallization on spray-drying processability. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121259. [PMID: 34740761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Spray-drying is an extensively used technology for engineering inhalable particles. Important technical hurdles are however experienced when lipid-based excipients (LBEs) are spray-dried. Stickiness, extensive wall deposition, or simply inability to yield a solid product have been associated to the low melting points of LBEs. In this work, solutions containing polyglycerol esters of behenic acid (PGFA-behenates), or other high melting point LBEs, were spray-dried to produce ibuprofen (IBU)-loaded inhalable lipid-microparticles. Prior to spray-drying, rational boundaries for the outlet temperature of the process were defined using LBE-IBU phase diagrams. Despite spray-drying the solutions at outlet temperatures below the boundaries, process performance and yield among LBEs were entirely different. Lipid crystallization into polymorphs or multi-phases negatively impacted the yield (10-47%), associated to liquid fractions unable to recrystallize at the surrounding gas temperature in the spray-dryer. The highest yields (76-82%), ascribed to PGFA-behenates, resulted from monophasic crystallization and absence of polymorphism. Lipid-microparticles, composed of a PGFA-behenate, were characterized by a volume mean diameter of 6.586 µm, tap density of 0.389 g/cm3 and corrugated surface. Application as carrier-free dry powder for inhalation resulted in high emitted fraction (90.9%), median mass aerodynamic diameter of 3.568 µm, fine particle fraction of 45.6% and modified release in simulated lung fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Corzo
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Agnes Fuchsbichler
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ioana Savencu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Schertel S, Salar-Behzadi S, Karrer J, Laggner P, Zimmer A. Impact of polysorbate 65 on tripalmitin crystal growth and release stability of hot melt coated multiparticulate systems. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120970. [PMID: 34363917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) multiparticulate systems (MPS) were hot melt coated with the binary mixture of tripalmitin (PPP) and polysorbate 65 (PS 65) to gain an immediate release profile. Once, HCT MPS were produced with a constant ratio of PPP/PS 65 (90:10) at three different coating amounts (15, 25, and 60%w/w) and once the PPP/PS 65 ratio was varied on 98:2 and 80:20, by keeping the coating amount at 60%w/w. PS 65 induced the polymorphic transformation of PPP from the α-form to its most stable β-form right after the hot melt coating (HMC). A release alteration of HCT, either accelerated or decelerated, occurred after the storage under accelerated conditions. The effect of the API core on the lipid lamellar configuration, the thermal behavior of lipid coating, and the effect of PS 65 concentration on the crystal growth of PPP were investigated via X-ray diffraction and DSC. While a low amount of PS 65 was sufficient to promote crystal growth of PPP and resulted in a decelerated release of HCT from the coating, a higher PS 65 concentration favored phase separation of PPP and PS 65 and led to an accelerated release. The increase in PS 65 reinforced the molecular interaction with the lipophilic HCT, reflected in less crystal growth and decelerated release. The knowledge presented in this study supports understanding the instability of binary emulsifier-lipid coating systems, paving the way for developing robust HMC formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Schertel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Hermes Arzneimittel GmbH, Division Hermes Pharma, 82049 Pullach, Germany
| | - Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Karrer
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Laggner
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Impact of Surface Properties of Core Material on the Stability of Hot Melt-Coated Multiparticulate Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030366. [PMID: 33802098 PMCID: PMC8001618 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot melt coating (HMC) of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powder with lipid-based excipients is an innovative method for manufacturing patient-convenient dosage forms. However, drug release instability is still its main industrial challenge. The correlation between the unstable pharmaceutical product performance with the solid-state alteration of lipids is currently well-investigated. The remaining problem is the inconsistent release alteration of different APIs coated with the same lipid after storage, such as faster release in some cases and slower release in others. The interaction between API surface and lipid-based coating and its alteration during storage were investigated in this work. The surface properties of five different APIs and the coating composition of tripalmitin and polysorbate 65 were screened via Washburn and pendant drop methods, respectively. Metformin hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide particles were each coated with the coating composition. The water sorption alteration of coated particles and the crystal growth of tripalmitin in the coating after storage were measured via tensiometry and X-ray diffraction. The cleavage work necessary to overcome the adhesion of coating composition on the core surface was calculated for each API. The accelerated release of the polar core (metformin) after storage was correlated with a low cleavage work and a distinctive phase separation. In contrast, a decelerated release of the hydrophobic core (hydrochlorothiazide) was favored by the crystal growth of the lipid-based coating. The gained knowledge can be used to design the product stability during the formulation development.
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Salar-Behzadi S, Karrer J, Demiri V, Barrios B, Corzo C, Meindl C, Lochmann D, Reyer S. Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids as safe and stable matrix forming tableting excipients: A structure-function analysis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Huang WD, Xu X, Wang HL, Huang JX, Zuo XH, Lu XJ, Liu XL, Yu DG. Electrosprayed Ultra-Thin Coating of Ethyl Cellulose on Drug Nanoparticles for Improved Sustained Release. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091758. [PMID: 32899956 PMCID: PMC7557748 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In nanopharmaceutics, polymeric coating is a popular strategy for modifying the drug release kinetics and, thus, new methods for implementing the nanocoating processes are highly desired. In the present study, a modified coaxial electrospraying process was developed to formulate an ultra-thin layer of ethyl cellulose (EC) on a medicated composite core consisting of tamoxifen citrate (TAM) and EC. A traditional single-fluid blending electrospraying and its monolithic EC-TAM nanoparticles (NPs) were exploited to compare. The modified coaxial processes were demonstrated to be more continuous and robust. The created NPs with EC coating had a higher quality than the monolithic ones in terms of the shape, surface smoothness, and the uniform size distribution, as verified by the SEM and TEM results. XRD patterns suggested that TAM presented in all the NPs in an amorphous state thanks to the fine compatibility between EC and TAM, as indicated by the attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectra. In vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the NPs with EC coating required a time period of 7.58 h, 12.79 h, and 28.74 h for an accumulative release of 30%, 50%, and 90% of the loaded drug, respectively. The protocols reported here open a new way for developing novel medicated nanoparticles with functional coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (W.-D.H.); (X.-H.Z.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (H.-L.W.); (J.-X.H.)
| | - Xizi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Han-Lin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (H.-L.W.); (J.-X.H.)
| | - Jie-Xun Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (H.-L.W.); (J.-X.H.)
| | - Xiao-Hua Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (W.-D.H.); (X.-H.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Ju Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (W.-D.H.); (X.-H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.-J.L.); (X.-L.L.); (D.-G.Y.); Tel.: +86-714-6348814 (X.-J.L.); +86-714-6368937 (X.-L.L.); +86-21-55270632 (D.-G.Y.)
| | - Xian-Li Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (H.-L.W.); (J.-X.H.)
- Correspondence: (X.-J.L.); (X.-L.L.); (D.-G.Y.); Tel.: +86-714-6348814 (X.-J.L.); +86-714-6368937 (X.-L.L.); +86-21-55270632 (D.-G.Y.)
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
- Correspondence: (X.-J.L.); (X.-L.L.); (D.-G.Y.); Tel.: +86-714-6348814 (X.-J.L.); +86-714-6368937 (X.-L.L.); +86-21-55270632 (D.-G.Y.)
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Corzo C, Lopes DG, Lochmann D, Reyer S, Stehr M, Salar-Behzadi S. Novel approach for overcoming the stability challenges of lipid-based excipients. Part 1: Screening of solid-state and physical properties of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids as advanced pharmaceutical excipients. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:134-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Salar-Behzadi S, Corzo C, Gomes Lopes D, Meindl C, Lochmann D, Reyer S. Novel approach for overcoming the stability challenges of lipid-based excipients. Part 2: Application of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids as hot melt coating excipients. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:107-117. [PMID: 31982575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of hot melt coating (HMC) as an economic and solvent-free technology is restricted in pharmaceutical development, due to the instable solid-state of HMC excipients resulting in drug release instability. We have previously introduced polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (PGFAs) with stable solid-state (Part 1). In this work we showed a novel application of PGFAs as HMC excipients with stable performance. Three PGFA compounds with a HLB range of 5.1-6.2 were selected for developing immediate-release formulations. The HMC properties were investigated. The viscosity of molten lipids at 100 °C was suitable for atomizing. The DSC data showed the absence of low solidification fractions, thus reduced risk of agglomeration during the coating process. The driving force for crystallization of selected compounds was lower and the heat flow exotherms were broader compared to conventional HMC formulations, indicating a lower energy barrier for nucleation and lower crystallization rate. Lower spray rates and a process temperature close to solidification temperature were desired to provide homogeneous coating. DSC and X-ray diffraction data revealed stable solid state during 6 months storage at 40 °C. API release was directly proportional to HLB and indirectly proportional to crystalline network density and was stable during investigated 3 months. Cytotoxicity was assessed by dehydrogenase activity and no in vitro cytotoxic effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Carolina Corzo
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Meindl
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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