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Iovanov R, Cornilă A, Bogdan C, Hales D, Tomuță I, Achim M, Tăut A, Iman N, Casian T, Iurian S. Testing the disintegration and texture-related palatability predictions for orodispersible tablets using an instrumental tool coupled with multivariate analysis: Focus on process variables and analysis settings. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 198:106801. [PMID: 38754594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) represent a growing category of dosage forms intended to increase the treatment acceptability for special groups of patients. ODTs are designed to rapidly disintegrate in the oral cavity and to be administered without water. In addition, ODTs are easy to manufacture using standard excipients and pharmaceutical equipment. This study adds to previously published research that developed an instrumental tool to predict oral disintegration and texture-related palatability of ODTs with different formulations. The current study aimed to challenge the predictive capacity of the models under variable process conditions. The studied process parameters with potential impact on the pharmaceutical properties, texture profiles, and palatability were the compression pressure, punch shape and diameter. Subsequently, for all the placebo and drug-loaded ODTs, the in vivo disintegration time and texture-related palatability were determined with healthy volunteers. Previously developed regression models were applied to predict the formulation's disintegration time and texture-related palatability characteristics of ODTs obtained under different experimental conditions. The influence of process variables on the predictive performance of the models was estimated by calculating the residuals as the difference between the predicted and observed values for the investigated response. Increasing the speed of the analyser`s probe from 0.01 mm/s to 0.02 mm/s led to an improved differentiation of the texture profiles. The in vivo disintegration time and texture-related palatability scores were only influenced by the mechanical resistance and the tablet shape. Lower score was observed for the larger diameter tablets (10 mm). Overall, the prediction of the disintegration time at 0.02 mm/s was more accurate, except for stronger tablets. The best prediction of texture-related palatability was achieved for the 10 mm tablets, tested at 0.01 mm/s speed. The same model achieved good predictions of the oral disintegration time for all API-loaded formulations, which confirmed the ability of the texture analysis to capture process-related variability. Drug loading decreased the predictive capacity of the texture-related palatability because of the taste effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rareș Iovanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Cornilă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cătălina Bogdan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Hales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcela Achim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrada Tăut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nela Iman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Iurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Patel VD, Patel DB, Sturgis JC, Queensen K, Sedlock R, Haware RV. Assessing the Impact of Punch Geometries on Tablet Capping Using a Newly Proposed Capping Index. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2935-2945. [PMID: 37380906 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased tablet anisotropy could lead to increased tablet capping propensity. Tooling design variables such as cup depth could serve as a key player for inducing tablet anisotropy. METHODS A new capping index (CI) consisting of the ratio of compact anisotropic index (CAI) and material anisotropic index (MAI) is proposed to evaluate tablet capping propensity as a function of punch cup depth. CAI is the ratio of axial to radial breaking force. MAI is the ratio of axial to radial Young's modulus. The impact of various punch cup depths [flat face, flat face beveled edge, flat face radius edge, standard concave, shallow concave, compound concave, deep concave, and extra deep concave] on the capping propensity of model acetaminophen tablets was studied. Tablets were manufactured at 50, 100, 200, 250, and 300 MPa compression pressure at 20 RPM on different cup depth tools using Natoli NP-RD30 tablet press. A partial least squares model (PLS) was computed to model the impact of the cup depth and compression parameters on the CI. RESULTS The PLS model exhibited a positive correlation of increased cup depth to the capping index. The finite elemental analysis confirmed that a high capping tendency with increased cup depth is a direct result of non-uniform stress distribution across powder bed. CONCLUSIONS Certainly, a proposed new capping index with multivariate statistical analysis gives guidance in selecting tool design and compression parameters for robust tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek D Patel
- Natoli Scientific, A Division of Natoli Engineering Company, Inc., 100 Emlen Way, Suite # 104-108, Telford, PA-18969, USA
| | - Devang B Patel
- Natoli Scientific, A Division of Natoli Engineering Company, Inc., 100 Emlen Way, Suite # 104-108, Telford, PA-18969, USA
| | - John C Sturgis
- Natoli Scientific, A Division of Natoli Engineering Company, Inc., 100 Emlen Way, Suite # 104-108, Telford, PA-18969, USA
| | - Kevin Queensen
- Natoli Engineering Company, Inc., Saint Charles, MO, 63304, USA
| | - Robert Sedlock
- Natoli Scientific, A Division of Natoli Engineering Company, Inc., 100 Emlen Way, Suite # 104-108, Telford, PA-18969, USA
| | - Rahul V Haware
- Natoli Scientific, A Division of Natoli Engineering Company, Inc., 100 Emlen Way, Suite # 104-108, Telford, PA-18969, USA.
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Imayoshi Y, Ohsaki S, Nakamura H, Watano S. Development of a simple in-die method for determination of capping tendency in rotary tableting machines. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023. [PMID: 37088559 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A rotary tableting machine is used for the continuous tableting process. Tableting conditions often result in capping, leading to serious problems during production. Several studies have been conducted to predict the tablet capping tendency. However, as most previous studies were conducted using a compaction simulator, there is a lack of technology that can be readily applied during actual production. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a novel method for predicting tablet capping in a rotary tableting machine. We hypothesized that capping occurs when residual stress of the tablet inside a die exceeds the critical stress immediately before ejection. Residual stress was evaluated by measuring the in-line die-wall pressure in a rotary tableting machine. Additionally, critical stress was estimated from the tablet strength inside the die using the Rumpf's equation. The critical and residual stresses were compared to determine the capping tendency to some extent. The findings of this study will substantially contribute to the rapid detection of tablet capping during tablet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Imayoshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Shuji Ohsaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Hideya Nakamura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Satoru Watano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University
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Bogdan C, Hales D, Cornilă A, Casian T, Iovanov R, Tomuță I, Iurian S. Texture analysis – a versatile tool for pharmaceutical evaluation of solid oral dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122916. [PMID: 37019322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, texture analysis (TA) has gained importance as a valuable method for the characterization of solid oral dosage forms. As a result, an increasing number of scientific publications describe the textural methods that evaluate the extremely diverse category of solid pharmaceutical products. Within the current work, the use of texture analysis in the characterization of solid oral dosage forms is summarised with a focus on the evaluation of intermediate and finished oral pharmaceutical products. Several texture methods are reviewed regarding the applications in mechanical characterization, and mucoadhesion testing, but also in estimating the disintegration time and in vivo specific features of oral dosage forms. As there are no pharmacopoeial standards for pharmaceutical products tested through texture analysis, and there are important differences between reported results due to different experimental conditions, the choice of testing protocol and parameters is challenging. Thereby, this work aims to guide the research scientists and quality assurance professionals involved in different stages of drug development into the selection of optimal texture methodologies depending on the product characteristics and quality control needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Bogdan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Hales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andreea Cornilă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rareș Iovanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Iurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Fayed MH, Alalaiwe A, Almalki ZS, Helal DA. Design Space Approach for the Optimization of Green Fluidized Bed Granulation Process in the Granulation of a Poorly Water-Soluble Fenofibrate Using Design of Experiment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071471. [PMID: 35890366 PMCID: PMC9316798 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, the systematic optimization of process variables using a quality-by-design (QbD) approach is highly precise, economic and ensures product quality. The current research presents the implementation of a design-of-experiment (DoE) driven QbD approach for the optimization of key process variables of the green fluidized bed granulation (GFBG) process. A 32 full-factorial design was performed to explore the effect of water amount (X1; 1–6% w/w) and spray rate (X2; 2–8 g/min) as key process variables on critical quality attributes (CQAs) of granules and tablets. Regression analysis have demonstrated that changing the levels of X1 and X2 significantly affect (p ≤ 0.05) the CQAs of granules and tablets. Particularly, X1 was found to have the pronounced effect on the CQAs. The GFBG process was optimized, and a design space (DS) was built using numerical optimization. It was found that X1 and X2 at high (5.69% w/w) and low (2 g/min) levels, respectively, demonstrated the optimum operating conditions. By optimizing X1 and X2, GFBG could enhance the disintegration and dissolution of tablets containing a poorly water-soluble drug. The prediction error values of dependent responses were less than 5% that confirm validity, robustness and accuracy of the generated DS in optimization of GFBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Fayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ziyad S. Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Doaa A. Helal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
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Ono T, Ishikawa A, Yonemochi E. Selection of Small Amounts of Glidant Capable of Improving the Tensile Strength of Ibuprofen Tablets. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:374-382. [PMID: 33790082 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the selection of small amounts of excipients capable of improving the compactability of ibuprofen, thereby enabling the miniaturization of ibuprofen tablets. Various glidants in amounts of 1% of the total volume were added to dry surface-modified ibuprofen, and the tensile strengths of the resulting tablets were evaluated. The characteristics of the excipients that affected the tensile strengths of the tablets were then extracted using a tensile strength prediction model. We confirmed that the effective angle of the internal friction of the mixed powder, the coating form of the glidant, the packing fraction of the raw material, and the mixed powder affect the tensile strength of the tablet. A smooth particle layer was formed on the surface of the ibuprofen particles when a glidant with a packing fraction of <0.05 was used. In the sample with a smooth particle layer, the angle of the critical state line increased significantly and the tensile strength improved. We inferred that the smoothness of the particle layer allowed the ibuprofen particles to come into close contact with each other. Consequently, the number of junctions increased, and the frictional force between the particles improved, resulting in tablets with improved tensile strengths. In conclusion, the compactability of ibuprofen was improved by adding 1% glidant with a packing fraction of <0.05. The reduction in excipients will allow the creation of smaller tablets, making them easier to swallow. Therefore, the medication adherence of customers will be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ono
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hoshi University.,Research & Development Headquarters Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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Hatanaka T, Yoshihashi Y, Terada K, Yonemochi E. Understanding Crystal Cleavability and Physical Properties of Crystal Surfaces Using in Silico Simulation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:185-198. [PMID: 33518601 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the drug formulation process, compound dissolution rate and wettability may be improved by grinding. However, there is no method to understand the effects of the wettability of the crystal facets of the ground product. Here, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was used to evaluate the changes in crystal morphology and dissolution rate by jet milling using powder X-ray diffraction and in silico simulation. Several cleavage facets were observed in cube crystals, and the (0 0 2) facet was observed in plate crystals. Furthermore, the dissolution rate of the ground samples per unit area decreased with the cleavage of the (1 0 0) and (0 0 2) facets. The polar surface energy of the ground sample decreased with increasing grinding pressure. The simulation results showed that the absolute attachment energy of the (1 0 0) and (0 0 2) facets was lower than that of the other crystal facets. Moreover, atoms with low polarity were present on the crystal surface of (0 0 2). The wettability and dissolution rate of the (0 0 2) facet were worse than those of the (1 0 0) facet. It was suggested that the dissolution rate of the ground sample was affected by the wettability of the crystal facet caused by the cleavage. The cleavability and wettability may be understood by simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Etsuo Yonemochi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
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8
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Almutairy BK, Khafagy ES, Alalaiwe A, Aldawsari MF, Alshahrani SM, Alsulays BB, Alshetaili AS, Alshehri SM, Fayed MH. Enhancing the Poor Flow and Tableting Problems of High Drug-Loading Formulation of Canagliflozin Using Continuous Green Granulation Process and Design-of-Experiment Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120473. [PMID: 33348779 PMCID: PMC7765871 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximization of drug-loading can significantly reduce the size of dosage form and consequently decrease the cost of manufacture. In this research, two challenges were addressed: poor flow and tableting problems of high-drug loading (>70%) formulation of canagliflozin (CNG), by adopting the moisture-activated dry granulation (MADG) process. In this method, heating and drying steps were omitted so, called green granulation process. A 32 full-factorial design was performed for optimization of key process variables, namely the granulation fluid level (X1) and the wet massing time (X2). Granulation of CNG was carried out in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the prepared granules were compressed into tablets. Regression analysis demonstrated the significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect of X1 and X2 on properties of granules and corresponding tablets, with pronounced impact of X1. Additionally, marked improvement of granules’ properties and tableting of CNG were observed. Furthermore, the optimized process conditions that produced good flow properties of granules and acceptable tablets were high level of granulation fluid (3.41% w/w) and short wet massing time (1.0 min). Finally, the MADG process gives the opportunity to ameliorate the poor flow and tableting problems of CNG with lower amounts of excipients, which are important for successful development of uniform dosage unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjad K. Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (E.-S.K.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Correspondence: (B.K.A.); (M.H.F.)
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (E.-S.K.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (E.-S.K.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (E.-S.K.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Saad M. Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (E.-S.K.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Bader B. Alsulays
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (E.-S.K.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdullah S. Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (E.-S.K.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Sultan M. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Fayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (E.-S.K.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
- Correspondence: (B.K.A.); (M.H.F.)
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H. Aodah A, H. Fayed M, Alalaiwe A, B. Alsulays B, F. Aldawsari M, Khafagy ES. Design, Optimization, and Correlation of In Vitro/In Vivo Disintegration of Novel Fast Orally Disintegrating Tablet of High Dose Metformin Hydrochloride Using Moisture Activated Dry Granulation Process and Quality by Design Approach. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070598. [PMID: 32605039 PMCID: PMC7408287 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Compression of cohesive, poorly compactable, and high-dose metformin hydrochloride into the orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) is challenging. The objective of this study was to develop metformin ODT using the moisture activated dry granulation (MADG) process. There are no reports in the literature regarding the development of ODT based on MADG technology. The feasibility of developing metformin ODT was assessed utilizing a 32 full factorial design to elucidate the influence of water amount (X1) and the amount of pregelatinized starch (PGS; X2) as independent variables on key granules and tablets’ characteristics. The prepared granules and tablets were characterized for granule size, bulk density, flow properties, tablets’ weight variation, breaking force, friability, capping tendency, in vitro and in vivo disintegration, and drug release. Regression analysis showed that X1 and X2 had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on key granules and tablets’ properties with a predominant effect of the water amount. Otherwise, the amount of PGS had a pronounced effect on tablet disintegration. Optimized ODT was found to show better mechanical strength, low friability, and short disintegration time in the oral cavity. Finally, this technique is expected to provide better ODT for many kinds of high-dose drugs that can improve the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhussain H. Aodah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.F.); (A.A.); (B.B.A.); (M.F.A.); (E.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-65-9910-8161
| | - Mohamed H. Fayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.F.); (A.A.); (B.B.A.); (M.F.A.); (E.-S.K.)
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.F.); (A.A.); (B.B.A.); (M.F.A.); (E.-S.K.)
| | - Bader B. Alsulays
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.F.); (A.A.); (B.B.A.); (M.F.A.); (E.-S.K.)
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.F.); (A.A.); (B.B.A.); (M.F.A.); (E.-S.K.)
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.F.); (A.A.); (B.B.A.); (M.F.A.); (E.-S.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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