1
|
Wang S, Wu B, Todhanakasem T. Expanding the horizons of levan: from microbial biosynthesis to applications and advanced detection methods. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:214. [PMID: 38789837 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Levan, a β-(2,6)-linked fructose polymer, exhibits diverse properties that impart versatility, rendering it a highly sought-after biopolymer with various industrial applications. Levan can be produced by various microorganisms using sucrose, food industry byproducts and agricultural wastes. Microbial levan represents the most potent cost-effective process for commercial-scale levan production. This study reviews the optimization of levan production by understanding its biosynthesis, physicochemical properties and the fermentation process. In addition, genetic and protein engineering for its increased production and emerging methods for its detection are introduced and discussed. All of these comprehensive studies could serve as powerful tools to optimize levan production and broaden its applications across various industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Bo Wu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Renmin Rd. S 4-13, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tatsaporn Todhanakasem
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Siqueira EC, de Andrade Alves A, da Costa E Silva PE, de Barros MPS, Houllou LM. Polyhydroxyalkanoates and exopolysaccharides: An alternative for valuation of the co-production of microbial biopolymers. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3412. [PMID: 37985126 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) belong to a class of abundant biopolymers produced by various fermenting microorganisms. These biocompounds have high value-added potential and can be produced concurrently. Co-production of PHAs and EPSs is a strategy employed by researchers to reduce costs associated with large-scale production. EPSs and PHAs are non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, making them suitable for various industrial sectors, including packaging and the medical and pharmaceutical industries. These biopolymers can be derived from agro-industrial residues, thus contributing to the bioeconomy by producing high-value-added products. This review investigates approaches for simultaneously synthesizing PHAs and EPSs using different carbon sources and microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline de Andrade Alves
- Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste (CETENE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Radenkovs V, Valdovska A, Galina D, Cairns S, Jakovlevs D, Gaidukovs S, Cinkmanis I, Juhnevica-Radenkova K. Elaboration of Nanostructured Levan-Based Colloid System as a Biological Alternative with Antimicrobial Activity for Applications in the Management of Pathogenic Microorganisms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2969. [PMID: 37999323 PMCID: PMC10674346 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Considering the documented health benefits of bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs), specifically of bacterial levan (BL), including its intrinsic antimicrobial activity against certain pathogenic species, the current study concentrated on the development of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the form of colloid systems (CoSs) containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) employing in-house biosynthesized BL as a reducing and capping agent. The established protocol of fermentation conditions implicating two species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), i.e., Streptococcus salivarius K12 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides DSM 20343, ensured a yield of up to 25.7 and 13.7 g L-1 of BL within 72 h, respectively. An analytical approach accomplished by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy allowed for the verification of structural features attributed to biosynthesized BL. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the crystalline morphology of biosynthesized BL with a smooth and glossy surface and highly porous structure. Molecular weight (Mw) estimated by multi-detector size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) indicated that BL biosynthesized using S. salivarius K12 has an impressively high Mw, corresponding to 15.435 × 104 kilodaltons (kDa). In turn, BL isolated from L. mesenteroides DSM 20343 was found to have an Mw of only 26.6 kDa. Polydispersity index estimation (PD = Mw/Mn) of produced BL displayed a monodispersed molecule isolated from S. salivarius K12, corresponding to 1.08, while this was 2.17 for L. mesenteroides DSM 20343 isolate. The presence of fructose as the main backbone and, to a lesser extent, glucose and galactose as side chain molecules in EPS hydrolysates was supported by HPLC-RID detection. In producing CoS-BL@AgNPs within green biosynthesis, the presence of nanostructured objects with a size distribution from 12.67 ± 5.56 nm to 46.97 ± 20.23 was confirmed by SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The prominent inhibitory potency of elaborated CoS-BL@AgNPs against both reference test cultures, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus and those of clinical origin with multi-drug resistance (MDR), was confirmed by disc and well diffusion tests and supported by the values of the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. CoS-BL@AgNPs can be treated as APIs suitable for designing new antimicrobial agents and modifying therapies in controlling MDR pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitalijs Radenkovs
- Processing and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Horticulture, LV-3701 Dobele, Latvia;
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; (A.V.); (D.G.); (D.J.)
| | - Anda Valdovska
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; (A.V.); (D.G.); (D.J.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Daiga Galina
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; (A.V.); (D.G.); (D.J.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Stefan Cairns
- Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Worcestershire, Malvern WR14 1XZ, UK
| | - Dmitrijs Jakovlevs
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; (A.V.); (D.G.); (D.J.)
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Ingmars Cinkmanis
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saleh SAA, Shawky H, Ezzat A, Taie HAA, Salama B, El-Bassyouni GT, El Awdan SA, Awad GEA, Hashem AM, Esawy MA, Abdel Wahab WA. Prebiotic-mediated gastroprotective potentials of three bacterial levans through NF-κB-modulation and upregulation of systemic IL-17A. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126278. [PMID: 37572818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the gastroprotective effects of three types of bacterial levans are correlated with their prebiotic-associated anti-inflammatory/antioxidant potentials. Three levans designated as LevAE, LevP, and LevZ were prepared from bacterial honey isolates; purified, and characterized using TLC, NMR, and FTIR. The anti-inflammatory properties of levan preparations were assessed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell lines, while their safety and gastroprotective potentials were assessed in Wistar rats. The three levans significantly reduced ulcer number (22.29-70.05 %) and severity (31.76-80.54 %) in the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model compared to the control (P < 0.0001/each), with the highest effect observed in LevAE and levZ (200 mg/each) (P < 0.0001). LevZ produced the highest levels of glutathione; catalase activity, and the lowest MDA levels (P = 0.0001/each). The highest anti-inflammatory activity was observed in LevAE and levZ in terms of higher inhibitory effect on IL-1β and TNF-α production (P < 0.0001 each); COX2, PGE2, and NF-κB gene expression. The three levan preparations also proved safe with no signs of toxicity, with anti-lipidemic properties as well as promising prebiotic activity that directly correlated with their antiulcer effect. This novel study highlights the implication of prebiotic-mediated systemic immunomodulation exhibited by bacterial levans that directly correlated with their gastroprotective activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shireen A A Saleh
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Shawky
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ezzat
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan A A Taie
- Plant Biochemistry Department, Agriculture and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bassem Salama
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan T El-Bassyouni
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally A El Awdan
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada E A Awad
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Hashem
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Esawy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Walaa A Abdel Wahab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu L, Wu D, Xu H, Zhao Z, Chen Q, Li H, Wei Z, Chen L. Characterization, production optimization, and fructanogenic traits of levan in a new Microbacterium isolate. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126330. [PMID: 37579898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Levan is a high-valued β-(2,6)-linked fructan with promising physicochemical and physiological properties and has diverse potential applications in the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, but its commercial availability is still restricted to the relatively high costs of production. In this study, a strain identified as Microbacterium sp. XL1 was isolated from soil and highly produced exopolysaccharide (EPS). HPLC, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy revealed XL1-EPS is a levan-type fructan connected by β-(2, 6) linkages. SEM, DLS and TGA-DSC analysis showed that XL1-EPS processed high morphological versatility, narrow size distribution in its solutions and excellent thermal stability. The levan yield reached 83.67 ± 4.06 g/L with corresponding productivity of 3.49 ± 0.17 g/L/h and a conversion yield of 39.8 ± 1.9 % using sucrose (210 g/L) as substrates under the optimal cultivation conditions concluded by the response surface methodology (RSM). More strikingly, the XL1 strain also has multi-type fructanases to generate levanbiose, kestose, DFA IV and other L-FOSs. These results suggest Microbacterium sp. XL1 is a promising strain to produce levan and can provide various levan/inulin-degrading enzymes to create a great diversity of FOSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Ziyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hanqi Li
- School of Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ali SS, Elgibally E, Khalil MA, Sun J, El-Shanshoury AERR. Characterization and bioactivities of exopolysaccharide produced from Azotobacter salinestris EPS-AZ-6. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125594. [PMID: 37390994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
This study involved the extraction of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Azotobacter salinestris AZ-6, which was isolated from soil cultivated with leguminous plants. In a medium devoid of nitrogen, the AZ-6 strain displayed a maximum EPS yield of 1.1 g/l and the highest relative viscosity value of 3.4. The homogeneity of the polymer was demonstrated by the average molecular weight of 1.61 × 106 Da and a retention time of 17.211 min for levan. The presence of characteristic functional groups and structural units of carbohydrate polymers has been confirmed through spectroscopic analyses utilizing Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a noteworthy decrease in weight (74 %) in the temperature range spanning from 260 to 350 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized to verify the crystalline and amorphous characteristics of EPS-AZ-6. The EPS-AZ-6 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 tumor cell line, as evidenced by an IC50 value of 6.39 ± 0.05 μg/ml. It also demonstrated a moderate degree of cytotoxicity towards HepG-2 cell line, as indicated by an IC50 value of 29.79 ± 0.41 μg/ml. EPS-AZ-6 exhibited potent antioxidant and in vitro antibacterial properties. These characteristics suggest the potential application value of EPS-AZ-6 in the food industry and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Samir Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Eman Elgibally
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Maha A Khalil
- Biology Department, College of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jeewon R, Aullybux AA, Puchooa D, Nazurally N, Alrefaei AF, Zhang Y. Marine Microbial Polysaccharides: An Untapped Resource for Biotechnological Applications. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:420. [PMID: 37504951 PMCID: PMC10381399 DOI: 10.3390/md21070420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the largest habitat on Earth, the marine environment harbors various microorganisms of biotechnological potential. Indeed, microbial compounds, especially polysaccharides from marine species, have been attracting much attention for their applications within the medical, pharmaceutical, food, and other industries, with such interest largely stemming from the extensive structural and functional diversity displayed by these natural polymers. At the same time, the extreme conditions within the aquatic ecosystem (e.g., temperature, pH, salinity) may not only induce microorganisms to develop a unique metabolism but may also increase the likelihood of isolating novel polysaccharides with previously unreported characteristics. However, despite their potential, only a few microbial polysaccharides have actually reached the market, with even fewer being of marine origin. Through a synthesis of relevant literature, this review seeks to provide an overview of marine microbial polysaccharides, including their unique characteristics. In particular, their suitability for specific biotechnological applications and recent progress made will be highlighted before discussing the challenges that currently limit their study as well as their potential for wider applications. It is expected that this review will help to guide future research in the field of microbial polysaccharides, especially those of marine origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aadil Ahmad Aullybux
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Daneshwar Puchooa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Nadeem Nazurally
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Ecology and Natural Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Domżał-Kędzia M, Ostrowska M, Lewińska A, Łukaszewicz M. Recent Developments and Applications of Microbial Levan, A Versatile Polysaccharide-Based Biopolymer. Molecules 2023; 28:5407. [PMID: 37513279 PMCID: PMC10384002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are essential components with diverse functions in living organisms and find widespread applications in various industries. They serve as food additives, stabilizers, thickeners, and fat substitutes in the food industry, while also contributing to dietary fiber for improved digestion and gut health. Plant-based polysaccharides are utilized in paper, textiles, wound dressings, biodegradable packaging, and tissue regeneration. Polysaccharides play a crucial role in medicine, pharmacy, and cosmetology, as well as in the production of biofuels and biomaterials. Among microbial biopolymers, microbial levan, a fructose polysaccharide, holds significant promise due to its high productivity and chemical diversity. Levan exhibits a wide range of properties, including film-forming ability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, self-aggregation, encapsulation, controlled release capacity, water retention, immunomodulatory and prebiotic activity, antimicrobial and anticancer activity, as well as high biocompatibility. These exceptional properties position levan as an attractive candidate for nature-based materials in food production, modern cosmetology, medicine, and pharmacy. Advancing the understanding of microbial polymers and reducing production costs is crucial to the future development of these fields. By further exploring the potential of microbial biopolymers, particularly levan, we can unlock new opportunities for sustainable materials and innovative applications that benefit various industries and contribute to advancements in healthcare, environmental conservation, and biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domżał-Kędzia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Department InventionBio S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Ostrowska
- Research and Development Department InventionBio S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- OnlyBio Life S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 6, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Department InventionBio S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gojgic-Cvijovic G, Jakovljevic D, Zivkovic L, Cosovic V, Pavlovic V, Nikolic I, Maravic N, Dokic L. Synthesis of octenyl succinic anhydride-modified levan and investigation of its microstructural, physicochemical, and emulsifying properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124837. [PMID: 37178878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, levan from Bacillus licheniformis NS032 was modified in an aqueous medium by octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA), and the properties of the obtained derivatives were studied. The maximum efficiency in the synthesis reaction was achieved at 40 °C and a polysaccharide slurry concentration of 30 %. Increasing the reagent concentration (2-10 %) led to an increase in the degree of substitution (0.016-0.048). Structures of derivatives were confirmed by FTIR and NMR. Scanning electronic microscopy, thermogravimetry, and dynamic light scattering analyses showed that the derivatives with degrees of substitution of 0.025 and 0.036 retained levan's porous structure and thermostability and showed better colloidal stability than the native polysaccharide. The intrinsic viscosity of derivatives increased upon modification, while the surface tension of the 1 % solution was lowered to 61 mN/m. Oil-in-water emulsions prepared with sunflower oil (10 % and 20 %) by mechanical homogenization and 2 and 10 % derivatives in the continuous phase showed mean oil droplet sizes of 106-195 μm, while the distribution curves exhibited bimodal character. The studied derivatives have a good capacity to stabilize emulsions, as they have a creaming index ranging from 73 % to 94 %. The OSA-modified levans could have potential applications in new formulations of emulsion-based systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Gojgic-Cvijovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoseva 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Jakovljevic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoseva 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Zivkovic
- University of Belgrade, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Cosovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoseva 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Pavlovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Nikolic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nikola Maravic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Dokic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Synthesis of Cationic Quaternized Nanolevan Derivative for Small Molecule and Nucleic Acid Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030188. [PMID: 36975637 PMCID: PMC10048328 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Levan is a biopolymer composed of fructose chains covalently linked by β−2,6 glycosidic linkages. This polymer self−assembles into a nanoparticle of uniform size, making it useful for a wide range of applications. Also, levan exhibits various biological activities such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor, that make this polymer very attractive for biomedical application. In this study, levan synthesized from Erwinia tasmaniensis was chemically modified by glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) to produce cationized nanolevan (QA-levan). The structure of the obtained GTMAC−modified levan was determined by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and elemental (CHN) analyzer. The size of the nanoparticle was calculated using the dynamic light scattering method (DLS). The formation of DNA/QA-levan polyplex was then investigated by gel electrophoresis. The modified levan was able to increase the solubility of quercetin and curcumin by 11-folds and 205-folds, respectively, compared to free compounds. Cytotoxicity of levan and QA−levan was also investigated in HEK293 cells. This finding suggests that GTMAC−modified levan should have a potential application for drug and nucleic acid delivery.
Collapse
|
11
|
Srivastava N, Choudhury AR. Microbial Polysaccharide-Based Nanoformulations for Nutraceutical Delivery. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40724-40739. [PMID: 36406482 PMCID: PMC9670277 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, nutrition and diet have become prominent health paradigms due to sedentary lifestyle disorders. Preventive health care strategies are becoming increasingly popular instead of treating and managing diseases. A nutraceutical is an innovative concept that offers additional health benefits beyond its fundamental nutritional value. These nutraceuticals have the potential to reduce the exorbitant use of synthetic drugs because the modern medicine approach of treating diseases with high-tech, expensive supplements, and long-term consequences aggravates consumers. However, most nutraceuticals are plant-derived, making them susceptible to degradation and prone to chemical instability, poor solubility, unpleasant taste, and bioactivity loss before absorption to the targeted site. To counteract this problem, the bioavailability of these labile compounds can be maximized by encapsulating them in protective nanocarriers. It is crucial that nanoencapsulation technologies convert bioactive compounds into forms that can be easily combined with functional foods and beverages without adversely affecting their organoleptic properties. In recent years, nanoformulations using food-grade materials, such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, etc., have received considerable attention. Among them, microbial polysaccharides are biocompatible, nontoxic, and nonimmunogenic, and most of them are US-FDA approved and can undergo tailored modifications. The nanoformulation of microbial polysaccharide is a relatively new frontier which has several advantages over existing systems. The present article, for the first time, comprehensively reviews microbial polysaccharides-based nanodelivery systems for nutraceuticals and discusses various techno-commercial aspects of these nanotechnological preparations. Moreover, this has also attempted to draw a future research perspective in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Srivastava
- Biochemical
Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anirban Roy Choudhury
- Biochemical
Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Tel: +91 1722880312. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
da Silva DL, Cabrera MP, Cavalcanti IT, Coelho GR, Neto EB, Padilha RJR, da Silva CES, Correia MTDS, Pimenta DC, Junior LBDC. Magnetite-levan nanoparticles for lectin purification: a single-step strategy for protein isolation from the seeds extract of the plant Cratylia mollis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Xie W, Zhao K, Xu L, Gao N, Zhao H, Gong Z, Yu L, Jiang J. Oxalic acid cross-linked sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel membrane for separation of dye/NaCl at high NaCl concentration. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
14
|
Bouallegue A, Chaari F, Casillo A, Corsaro MM, Bachoual R, Ellouz-Chaabouni S. Levan produced by Bacillus subtilis AF17: Thermal, functional and rheological properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Levan enhanced the NF-κB suppression activity of an oral nano PLGA-curcumin formulation in breast cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:223-231. [PMID: 34419542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance (CR) is one of the reasons why chemotherapy agents like Gemcitabine (GMC) remain insufficient in healing breast cancer. Activation of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) during chemotherapy is known as an important factor in the development of CR. The hydrophobic polyphenol curcumin is shown to inhibit NF-κB and hence CR. The aim of this work was to increase the poor bioavailability of curcumin by loading it into the nano-micelles made of Poly (Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) and levan, where levan as a natural fructose homopolymer makes the nano-micelle more stable and increases its uptake using the fructose moieties. In this study, a PLGA-levan-curcumin formulation (PLC) was designed and characterized. The size was measured as 154.16 ± 1.45 nm with a 67.68% encapsulation efficiency (EE%). The incorporation between the components was approved. Levan made the nano-micelles stable for at least three months, increased their uptake, and led to a 10,000-fold increase in the solubility of curcumin. The enhanced bioavailability of curcumin reduced the NF-κB levels elevated by GMC, both in vitro and in vivo. The PLC showed a complete tumor treatment, while GMC only showed a rate of 52%. These point to the great potential of the PLC to be used simultaneously with chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Cinan E, Cesur S, Erginer Haskoylu M, Gunduz O, Toksoy Oner E. Resveratrol-Loaded Levan Nanoparticles Produced by Electrohydrodynamic Atomization Technique. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102582. [PMID: 34685023 PMCID: PMC8540966 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Considering the significant advances in nanostructured systems in various biomedical applications and the escalating need for levan-based nanoparticles as delivery systems, this study aimed to fabricate levan nanoparticles by the electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) technique. The hydrolyzed derivative of levan polysaccharide from Halomonas smyrnensis halophilic bacteria, hydrolyzed Halomonas levan (hHL), was used. Nanoparticles were obtained by optimizing the EHDA parameters and then they were characterized in terms of morphology, molecular interactions, drug release and cell culture studies. The optimized hHL and resveratrol (RS)-loaded hHL nanoparticles were monodisperse and had smooth surfaces. The particle diameter size of hHL nanoparticles was 82.06 ± 15.33 nm. Additionally, release of RS from the fabricated hHL nanoparticles at different pH conditions were found to follow the first-order release model and hHL with higher RS loading showed a more gradual release. In vitro biocompatibility assay with human dermal fibroblast cell lines was performed and cell behavior on coated surfaces was observed. Nanoparticles were found to be safe for healthy cells. Consequently, the fabricated hHL-based nanoparticle system may have potential use in drug delivery systems for wound healing and tissue engineering applications and surfaces could be coated with these electrosprayed particles to improve cellular interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Cinan
- Industrial Biotechnology and System Biology (IBSB) Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (E.C.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Sumeyye Cesur
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (S.C.); (O.G.)
| | - Merve Erginer Haskoylu
- Industrial Biotechnology and System Biology (IBSB) Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (E.C.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (S.C.); (O.G.)
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Oner
- Industrial Biotechnology and System Biology (IBSB) Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (E.C.); (M.E.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aramsangtienchai P, Kongmon T, Pechroj S, Srisook K. Enhanced production and immunomodulatory activity of levan from the acetic acid bacterium, Tanticharoenia sakaeratensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:574-581. [PMID: 32629048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Levan is a fructose polymer with β-(2 → 6) glycosidic linkages. It is produced by several microorganisms, and due to its potential biotechnological and industrial applications, various levan-producing bacteria with different levels of production efficiencies have been reported. We investigated the levan-producing ability of the acetic acid bacterium, Tanticharoenia sakaeratensis. The exopolysaccharides produced by the bacterium under a sucrose environment were characterized as levan by FT-IR, and 1H and 13C NMR. The molecular weight of levan thus produced range from 1.0 × 105-6.8 × 105 Da. The maximum yield of levan from T. sakaeratensis is 24.7 g·L-1 in a liquid medium containing 20% (w/v) sucrose and incubated at 37 °C, 250 RPM for 35 h. The levan produced by T. sakaeratensis can promote nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting it has immunomodulatory effects. Our study reveals that T. sakaeratensis can be potentially employed as a new source of levan for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pornpun Aramsangtienchai
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Unit of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Healthcare Products Development, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Burapha University, 20131, Thailand.
| | - Titapa Kongmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Unit of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Healthcare Products Development, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Sirintip Pechroj
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Unit of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Healthcare Products Development, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Klaokwan Srisook
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Unit of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Healthcare Products Development, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Burapha University, 20131, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The modification of implant devices with biocompatible coatings has become necessary as a consequence of premature loosening of prosthesis. This is caused mainly by chronic inflammation or allergies that are triggered by implant wear, production of abrasion particles, and/or release of metallic ions from the implantable device surface. Specific to the implant tissue destination, it could require coatings with specific features in order to provide optimal osseointegration. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) became a well-known physical vapor deposition technology that has been successfully applied to a large variety of biocompatible inorganic coatings for biomedical prosthetic applications. Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) is a PLD-derived technology used for depositions of thin organic material coatings. In an attempt to surpass solvent related difficulties, when different solvents are used for blending various organic materials, combinatorial MAPLE was proposed to grow thin hybrid coatings, assembled in a gradient of composition. We review herein the evolution of the laser technological process and capabilities of growing thin bio-coatings with emphasis on blended or multilayered biomimetic combinations. These can be used either as implant surfaces with enhanced bioactivity for accelerating orthopedic integration and tissue regeneration or combinatorial bio-platforms for cancer research.
Collapse
|