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Schönfeld B, Sundermann J, Keller BL, Westedt U, Heinzerling O. Transformation of ABT-199 Nanocrystal Suspensions into a Redispersible Drug Product-Impact of Vacuum Drum Drying, Spray Drying and Tableting on Re-Nanodispersibility. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:782. [PMID: 38931903 PMCID: PMC11207449 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study compared vacuum drum drying (VDD) and conventional spray drying (SD) for solidifying crystalline ABT-199 nanosuspensions into redispersible oral drug products. The aim was to optimize formulation compositions and process conditions to maintain nanoparticle size after tablet redispersion. The impact of drug load (22%, 33%, 44%) and type of drying protectant (mannitol, mannitol/trehalose mix (1:1), trehalose) on redispersibility and material powder properties were investigated. Moreover, compression analysis was performed assessing the influence of compaction pressure on primary nanocrystal redispersibility and tablet disintegration. Higher drug loads and lower drying protectant levels resulted in particle growth, confirming a drug load dependence on redispersibility behavior. Notably, all drying protectants showed similar protection properties at properly chosen drying process parameters (Tg-dependent), except when VDD was used for mannitol formulations. Differences between the applied drying processes were observed in terms of downstream processing and tabletability: mannitol-containing formulations solidified via VDD showed an improved processability compared to formulations with trehalose. In conclusion, VDD is a promising drying technique that offers advantageous downstream processability compared to SD and represents an attractive novel processing technology for the pharmaceutical industry. As demonstrated in the present study, VDD combines higher yields with a leaner manufacturing process flow. The improved bulk properties provide enhanced tabletability and enable direct compression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ulrich Westedt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße 50, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (B.S.); (J.S.); (B.-L.K.); (O.H.)
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2
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Rana H, Panchal M, Thakkar V, Gandhi T, Dholakia M. Investigating in-vitro functionality and in-vivo taste assessment of eco-friendly Tadalafil Pastilles. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29543. [PMID: 38660288 PMCID: PMC11040062 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tadalafil (TDL) has poor bioavailability due to the less aqueous solubility and bitter taste. Oral solid dosage forms, especially tablets, have a broad market worldwide. Constraints of tablets are a long process, pollution, high processing cost, and requiring more excipient. The research was performed to optimize an eco-friendly immediate-acting pastille of TDL to put forward an alternate formulation to a tablet using advanced data mining tools. Another objective is to assess the taste masking of TDL using the Brief Access Taste Aversion (BATA) model. The amount of PEG-4000, Polyox N-10, and Kyron T-314 were chosen as critical material attributes from failure mode effect analysis. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the pastilles and ascertained the significant impact of chosen variables on disintegration time and % CDR at 10 min. The control strategy and optimal region were located using an overlay plot. The pastilles were able to release the drug within 15 min due to faster disintegration. The formulated pastilles were of uniform size, shape, and mechanical strength. The bitter taste of TDL was masked and confirmed by the BATA model. The newer formulation may be helpful in the industry due to its eco-friendly, single-step, and economical process. It unlocks a new direction in the field of oral solid dosage form as an alternative to tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Meghna Panchal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Vaishali Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Tejal Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Mansi Dholakia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dharamsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India
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Xia Q, Shen J, Ding H, Liu S, Li F, Li F, Feng N. Intravenous nanocrystals: fabrication, solidification, in vivo fate, and applications for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1467-1488. [PMID: 37814582 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2268512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravenous nanocrystals (INCs) have shown intrinsic advantages in antitumor applications, particularly their properties of high drug loading, low toxicity, and controllable size. Therefore, it has a very bright application prospect as a drug delivery system. AREAS COVERED The ideal formulation design principles, fabrication, solidification, in vivo fate of INCs, the applications in drug delivery system (DDS) and the novel applications are covered in this review. EXPERT OPINION It is vital to select a suitable formulation and fabrication method to produce a stable and sterile INCs. Besides, the type of stabilizers and physical characteristics can also influence the in vivo fate of INCs, which is worthy of further studying. Based on wide researches about applications of INCs in cancer, biomimetic INCs are concerned increasingly for its favorable compatibility. The output of these studies suggested that INCs-based drug delivery could be a novel strategy for addressing the delivery of the drug that faces solubility, bioavailability, and toxicity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huining Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xue Y, Liao Y, Wang H, Li S, Gu Z, Adu-Frimpong M, Yu J, Xu X, Smyth HDC, Zhu Y. Preparation and evaluation of astaxanthin-loaded 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and Soluplus® nanoparticles based on electrospray technology. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3628-3637. [PMID: 36840513 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astaxanthin is a type of food-derived active ingredient with antioxidant, antidiabetic and non-toxicity functions, but its poor solubility and low bioavailability hinder further application in food industry. In the present study, through inclusion technologies, micellar solubilization and electrospray techniques, we prepared astaxanthin nanoparticles before optimizing the formulation to regulate the physical and chemical properties of micelles. We accomplished the preparation of astaxanthin nanoparticle delivery system based on single needle electrospray technology through use of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Soluplus® to improveme the release behavior of the nanocarrier. RESULTS Through this experiment, we successfully prepared astaxanthin nanoparticles with a particle size of approximately 80 nm, which was further verified with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the encapsulation of astaxanthin molecules into the carrier nanoparticles was verified via the results of attenuated total reflectance intensity and X-ray powder diffraction techniques. The in vitro release behavior of astaxanthin nanoparticles was different in media that contained 0.5% Tween 80 (pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8) buffer solution and distilled water. Also, we carried out a pharmacokinetic study of astaxanthin nanoparticles, in which it was observed that astaxanthin nanoparticle showed an effect of immediate release and significant improved bioavailability. CONCLUSION 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Soluplus® were used in the present study as a hydrophilic nanocarrier that could provide a simple way of encapsulating natural function food with repsect to improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble ingredients. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Youwu Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haiqiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhengqing Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Michael Adu-Frimpong
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences (CKT-UTAS), Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- College of Molecular Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Steady-state modeling of a new continuous API dryer: Reduced-order model and investigation of dryer performance. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122701. [PMID: 36773730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a reduced-order model is proposed to analyze a novel continuous dryer with an application in the pharmaceutical industry. The model was validated using process data from ibuprofen drying test runs, and the results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The test substance was an ibuprofen paste with an initial LOD of up to 30 w%. The simulations showed that the contact heat transfer coefficient can be correlated with the degree of wetness. Furthermore, a set of simulations was performed to analyze the influence of input parameters on the dryer's performance: i) the inlet air flow rate and ii) the inlet air temperature. The simulation results demonstrated that a variation in the inlet air temperature significantly affects the air temperature profile, while the inlet air flow rate has a minor effect. Besides, it was also established that the inlet solid LoD has the most considerable effect on the product quality (e.g., final solid moisture content). The results showed a deviation of less than 10% for the product LoD and the product temperature in most cases.
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Li Z, Peng WH, Liu WJ, Yang LY, Naeem A, Feng Y, Ming LS, Zhu WF. Advances in numerical simulation of unit operations for tablet preparation. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122638. [PMID: 36702386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase in the use of numerical simulation technology in pharmaceutical preparation processes. Numerical simulation can contribute to a better understanding of processes, reduce experimental costs, optimize preparation processes, and improve product quality. The intermediate material of most dosage forms is powder or granules, especially in the case of solid preparations. The macroscopic behavior of particle materials is controlled by the interactions of individual particles with each other and surrounding fluids. Therefore, it is very important to analyze and control the microscopic details of the preparation process for solid preparations. Since tablets are one of the most widely used oral solid preparations, and the preparation process is relatively complex and involves numerous units of operation, it is especially important to analyze and control the tablet production process. The present paper discusses recent advances in numerical simulation technology for the preparation of tablets, including drying, mixing, granulation, tableting, and coating. It covers computational fluid dynamics (CFD), discrete element method (DEM), population balance model (PBM), finite element method (FEM), Lattice-Boltzmann model (LBM), and Monte Carlo model (MC). The application and deficiencies of these models in tablet preparation unit operations are discussed. Furthermore, the paper provides a systematic reference for the control and analysis of the tablet preparation process and provides insight into the future direction of numerical simulation technology in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China
| | - Wang-Hai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Liu
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330049, PR China
| | - Ling-Yu Yang
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330049, PR China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Liang-Shan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
| | - Wei-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
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Lin Z, Zheng K, Azad MA, Davé RN. Preparation of Free-Flowing Spray-Dried Amorphous Composites Using Neusilin ®. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:51. [PMID: 36703032 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly porous additive, Neusilin®, with high adsorption capability is investigated to improve bulk properties, hence processability of spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Griseofulvin (GF) is applied as a model BCS class 2 drug in ASDs. Two grades of Neusilin®, US2 (coarser) and UFL2 (finer), were used as additives to produce spray-dried amorphous composite (AC) powders, and their performance was compared with the resulting ASDs without added Neusilin®. The resulting AC powders that included Neusilin® had greatly enhanced flowability (flow function coefficient (FFC) > 10) comparable to larger particles (100 μm) yet had finer particle size (< 50 μm), hence retaining the advantage of fast dissolution rate of finer sizes. Dissolution results demonstrated that achieved GF supersaturation for AC powders with Neusilin® was as high as 3 times that of crystalline GF concentration and was achieved within 30 min. In addition, 80% of drug was released within 4 min. The flowability improvement for AC powders with Neusilin® was more significant as compared to spray-dried ASDs without Neusilin®. Thus, the role of Neusilin® in flowability improvement was evident, considering that spray-dried AC with Neusilin® UFL2 has higher FFC than ASDs having a similar size. Lastly, the AC powders retained a fully amorphous state of GF after 3-month ambient storage. The overall results conveyed that the improved flowability and dissolution rate could outweigh the loss of drug loading resulted by addition of Neusilin®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Lin
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Kai Zheng
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Mohammad A Azad
- Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering Department, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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8
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Kokott M, Klinken S, Breitkreutz J, Wiedey R. Downstream processing of amorphous solid dispersions into orodispersible tablets. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122493. [PMID: 36528189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The formulation development of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) towards a patient-friendly oral solid dosage form is proving to be still challenging. To increase patient's compliance orodispersible tablets (ODTs) can be seen as promising alternative. Two different ASDs were prepared via hot melt extrusion (HME), using PVPVA as polymer for ritonavir (RTV) and HPMCAS for lopinavir (LPV). The extrudates were milled, sieved, and blended with Hisorad® (HRD) or Ludiflash® (LF), two established co-processed excipients (CPE) prior to tableting. Interestingly, the selected ASD particle size was pointed out to be a key parameter for a fast disintegration and high mechanical strength. In terms of PVPVA based ASDs, larger particle sizes > 500 µm enabled a rapid disintegration even under 30 s for 50 % ASD loaded ODTs, whereas the use of smaller particles went along with significant higher disintegration times. However, the influence of the CPE was immense for PVPVA based ASDs, since it was only possible to prepare well performing ODTs, when Hisorad® was chosen. In contrast for HPMCAS based ASDs the selection of smaller particle sizes 180-500 µm was beneficial for overcoming the poor compressibility of the ASD matrix polymer. ODTs with LPV could be produced using both CPEs even with higher ASD loads up to 75 %, while still showing remarkably fast disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kokott
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Klinken
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Raphael Wiedey
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Trivedi R, Chatterjee B, Kalave S, Pandya M. Role of Fine Silica as Amorphous Solid Dispersion Carriers for Enhancing Drug Load and Preventing Recrystallization- A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Deliv 2023; 20:694-707. [PMID: 35899950 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220721111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a popular concept for improving the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. ASD faces two primary challenges of low drug loading and recrystallization upon storage. Several polymeric carriers are used to fabricate a stable ASD formulation with a high drug load. The role of silica in this context has been proven significant. Different types of silica, porous and nonporous, have been used to develop ASD. Amorphous drugs get entrapped into silica pores or adsorbed on their surface. Due to high porosity and wide surface area, silica provides better drug dissolution and high drug loading. Recrystallization of amorphous drugs is inhibited by limited molecular ability inside the delicate pores due to hydrogen bonding with the surface silanol groups. A handful of researches have been published on silica-based ASD, where versatile types of silica have been used. However, the effect of different kinds of silica on product stability and drug loading has been rarely addressed. The present study analyzes multiple porous and nonporous silica types and their distinct role in developing a stable ASD. Emphasis has been given to various types of silica which are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Trivedi
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Sana Kalave
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Mrugank Pandya
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Jia W, Yawman PD, Pandya KM, Sluga K, Ng T, Kou D, Nagapudi K, Luner PE, Zhu A, Zhang S, Hou HH. Assessing the Interrelationship of Microstructure, Properties, Drug Release Performance, and Preparation Process for Amorphous Solid Dispersions Via Noninvasive Imaging Analytics and Material Characterization. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3137-3154. [PMID: 35661085 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work is to evaluate the interrelationship of microstructure, properties, and dissolution performance for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) prepared using different methods. METHODS ASD of GDC-0810 (50% w/w) with HPMC-AS was prepared using methods of spray drying and co-precipitation via resonant acoustic mixing. Microstructure, particulate and bulk powder properties, and dissolution performance were characterized for GDC-0810 ASDs. In addition to application of typical physical characterization tools, we have applied X-Ray Microscopy (XRM) to assess the contribution of microstructure to the characteristics of ASDs and obtain additional quantification and understanding of the drug product intermediates and tablets. RESULTS Both methods of spray drying and co-precipitation produced single-phase ASDs. Distinct differences in microstructure, particle size distribution, specific surface area, bulk and tapped density, were observed between GDC-0810 spray dried dispersion (SDD) and co-precipitated amorphous dispersion (cPAD) materials. The cPAD powders prepared by the resonant acoustic mixing process demonstrated superior compactibility compared to the SDD, while the compressibility of the ASDs were comparable. Both SDD powder and tablets showed higher in vitro dissolution than those of cPAD powders. XRM calculated total solid external surface area (SA) normalized by calculated total solid volume (SV) shows a strong correlation with micro dissolution data. CONCLUSION Strong interrelationship of microstructure, physical properties, and dissolution performance was observed for GDC-0810 ASDs. XRM image-based analysis is a powerful tool to assess the contribution of microstructure to the characteristics of ASDs and provide mechanistic understanding of the interrelationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Phillip D Yawman
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA
| | - Keyur M Pandya
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Kellie Sluga
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Tania Ng
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Dawen Kou
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Paul E Luner
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA.,Triform Sciences LLC, Waterford, Connecticut, 06385, USA
| | - Aiden Zhu
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA
| | - Shawn Zhang
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA
| | - Hao Helen Hou
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
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11
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Seo Y, Zuo B, Cangialosi D, Priestley RD. Physical aging of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate via enthalpy recovery. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8331-8341. [PMID: 36300535 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) utilize the kinetic stability of the amorphous state to stabilize drug molecules within a glassy polymer matrix. Therefore, understanding the glassy-state stability of the polymer excipient is critical to ASD design and performance. Here, we investigated the physical aging of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), a commonly used polymer in ASD formulations. We found that HPMCAS exhibited conventional physical aging behavior when annealed near the glass transition temperature (Tg). In this scenario, structural recovery was facilitated by α-relaxation dynamics. However, when annealed well below Tg, a sub-α-relaxation process facilitated low-temperature physical aging in HPMCAS. Nevertheless, the physical aging rate exhibited no significant change up to 40 K below Tg, below which it exhibited a near monotonic decrease with decreasing temperature. Finally, infrared spectroscopy was employed to assess any effect of physical aging on the chemical structure of HPMCAS, which is known to be susceptible to degradation at temperatures 30 K above its Tg. Our results provide critical insights necessary to understand better the link between the stability of ASDs and physical aging of the glassy polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejoon Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Rodney D Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, 41 Olden St, A215 Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.
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12
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Formulation and In Vitro Characterization of a Vacuum-Dried Drug–Polymer Thin Film for Intranasal Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142954. [PMID: 35890730 PMCID: PMC9320708 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal drug applications show significant therapeutic potential for diverse pharmaceutical modalities. Because the formulation applied to the nasal cavity is discharged to the pharyngeal side by mucociliary clearance, the formulation should be dissolved effectively in a limited amount of mucus within its retention time in the nasal cavity. In this study, to develop novel formulations with improved dissolution behavior and compatibility with the intranasal environment, a thin-film formulation including drug and polymer was prepared using a vacuum-drying method. The poorly water-soluble drugs ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, and loxoprofen were dissolved in a solvent comprising water and methanol, and evaporated to obtain a thin film. Physical analyses using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy SEM revealed that the formulations were amorphized in the film. The dissolution behavior of the drugs was investigated using an in vitro evaluation system that mimicked the intranasal physiological environment. The amorphization of drugs formulated with polymers into thin films using the vacuum-drying method improved the dissolution rate in artificial nasal fluid. Therefore, the thin film developed in this study can be safely and effectively used for intranasal drug application.
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Schönfeld BV, Westedt U, Keller BL, Wagner KG. Transformation of Ritonavir Nanocrystal Suspensions into a Redispersible Drug Product via Vacuum Drum Drying. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:137. [PMID: 35534700 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored vacuum drum drying (VDD) as potential drying technique for the solidification of crystalline ritonavir nanosuspensions prepared by wet-ball milling. In detail, the impact of drying protectants (mannitol, lactose, trehalose) added to the ritonavir nanosuspension was assessed in dependence of the drum temperature with respect to processibility via VDD, resulting intermediate powder properties, remaining nanoparticulate redispersibility and crystallinity. A clear impact of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the drying protectant on the redispersibility/crystallinity of the VDD intermediate was observed. Increased Tg of the drying protectant was associated with improved redispersibility/crystallinity at a defined drum temperature. Consequently, the high Tg-substance trehalose and lactose showed a better performance than mannitol at higher drum temperatures. However, the processability and related powder properties were not in accordance with this observation. Mannitol containing formulations showed superior processibility to those containing trehalose/lactose. Moreover, the impact of the tableting and encapsulation process on the redispersibility of the VDD intermediate was studied for a selected formulation. Neither process demonstrated a negative impact on redispersibility. In conclusion, vacuum drum drying is a promising drying technique for the solidification of nanosuspensions to result in dried powder still containing ritonavir nanoparticles while demonstrating acceptable to good downstream processibility to tablets/capsules.
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Schönfeld BV, Westedt U, Wagner KG. Compression of amorphous solid dispersions prepared by hot-melt extrusion, spray drying and vacuum drum drying. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100102. [PMID: 34877525 PMCID: PMC8632852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored vacuum drum drying (VDD) as an alternative technology for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) manufacture compared to hot-melt extrusion (HME) and spray drying (SD) focusing on downstream processability (powder properties, compression behavior and tablet performance). Ritonavir (15% w/w) in a copovidone/sorbitan monolaurate matrix was used as ASD model system. The pure ASDs and respective tablet blends (TB) (addition of filler, glidant, lubricant) were investigated. Milled extrudate showed superior powder properties (e.g., flowability, bulk density) compared to VDD and SD, which could be compensated by the addition of 12.9% outer phase. Advantageously, the VDD intermediate was directly compressible, whereas the SD material was not, resulting in tablets with defects based on a high degree of elastic recovery. Compared to HME, the VDD material showed superior tabletability when formulated as TB, resulting in stronger compacts at even lower solid fraction values. Despite the differences in tablet processing, tablets showed similar tablet performance in terms of disintegration and dissolution independent of the ASD origin. In conclusion, VDD is a valid alternative to manufacture ASDs. VDD offered advantageous downstream processability compared to SD: less solvents and process steps required (no second drying), improved powder properties and suitable for direct compression. ASD technology has influence on particle morphology Compression behavior dominated by particle morphology Vacuum drum dried intermediate direct compressible into tablets Vacuum drum dried material shows better tabletability as milled extrudate ASD technology: no impact on tablet disintegration/dissolution
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Key Words
- API, active pharmaceutical ingredient
- ASD, amorphous solid dispersion
- Amorphous solid dispersion
- CP, compaction pressure
- Compression analysis
- D, tablet diameter
- Downstream processing
- FFC, flow function coefficient
- HME, hot-melt extrusion
- Hot-melt extrusion
- LOD, loss on drying
- P, breaking force
- PSD, particle size distribution
- PSmin, minimal punch separation
- RTV, ritonavir
- Ritonavir
- SD, spray drying
- SE, secondary electron
- SEM, scanning electron microscope
- SF, solid fraction
- SSA, specific surface area
- Spray drying
- TER, Total elastic recovery
- TS, tensile strength
- Tg, glass transition temperature
- V, volume
- VDD, vacuum drum drying
- Vacuum drum drying
- X-ray μCT, X-ray microcomputed tomography
- f1, difference factor
- f2, similarity factor
- n.d., not determined
- na, not applicable
- t, tablet thickness
- w, tablet wall height
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara V. Schönfeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße 50, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Westedt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße 50, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Karl G. Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Tramis O, Fujioka A, Imanaka H, Ishida N, Imamura K. Foaming characteristics of sugar- and polyvinylpyrrolidone-alcohol solutions during vacuum foam drying: A rheological approach. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tsiaxerli A, Karagianni A, Ouranidis A, Kachrimanis K. Polyelectrolyte Matrices in the Modulation of Intermolecular Electrostatic Interactions for Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091467. [PMID: 34575543 PMCID: PMC8468962 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte polymers have been widely used in the pharmaceutical field as excipients to facilitate various drug delivery systems. Polyelectrolytes have been used to modulate the electrostatic environment and enhance favorable interactions between the drug and the polymer in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) prepared mainly by hot-melt extrusion. Polyelectrolytes have been used alone, or in combination with nonionic polymers as interpolyelectrolyte complexes, or after the addition of small molecular additives. They were found to enhance physical stability by favoring stabilizing intermolecular interactions, as well as to exert an antiplasticizing effect. Moreover, they not only enhance drug dissolution, but they have also been used for maintaining supersaturation, especially in the case of weakly basic drugs that tend to precipitate in the intestine. Additional uses include controlled and/or targeted drug release with enhanced physical stability and ease of preparation via novel continuous processes. Polyelectrolyte matrices, used along with scalable manufacturing methods in accordance with green chemistry principles, emerge as an attractive viable alternative for the preparation of ASDs with improved physical stability and biopharmaceutic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Tsiaxerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Karagianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997666
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