1
|
Tai W, Arnold JC, Chan HK, Kwok PCL. Spray freeze dried cannabidiol with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) for inhalation and solubility enhancement. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124235. [PMID: 38762165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery is an efficient route of administration to deliver cannabidiol (CBD) due to the high bioavailability and fast onset of action. The major formulation challenge is the poor aqueous solubility of CBD. This study aimed to produce inhalable CBD powders with enhanced solubility and characterise their solid-state properties. CBD was spray freeze dried with mannitol or trehalose dihydrate with and without dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). All four powders had acceptable yields at > 70 % with porous and spherical particles. The two crystalline mannitol powders contained less residual solvent than both amorphous trehalose ones. The addition of DPPC did not affect the crystallinity and residual solvent level of the powders. Instead, DPPC made the particles more porous, decreased the particle size from 19-23 µm to 11-13 µm, and increased CBD solubility from 0.36 µg/mL to over 2 µg/mL. The two DPPC powders were dispersed from a low resistance RS01 inhaler, showing acceptable aerosol performance with emitted fractions at 91-93 % and fine particle fractions < 5 µm at 34-43 %. These formulations can be used as a platform to deliver CBD and other cannabinoids by inhalation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waiting Tai
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathon Carl Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khanal D, Kim J, Zhang J, Ke WR, Holl MMB, Chan HK. Optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy for nanochemical analysis of pharmaceutical dry powder aerosols. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122563. [PMID: 36586629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to chemically analyse the distribution of drugs and excipients in pharmaceutical dry powder inhalation (DPI) aerosol particles of various sizes in solid state. The conventional wet assay of the chemical composition of particles after collection in a cascade impactor lacks the capability to differentiate spatially resolved morphology and chemical composition of particles in complex DPI formulations. In this proof-of-concept study, we aim to demonstrate the feasibility of using optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy (O-PTIR) to characterize micro- to nano-scale chemical composition of size-segregated particles of pharmaceutical DPI formulations. These formulations were prepared by spray drying a solution or a suspension comprising an inhaled corticosteroid fluticasone propionate, a long-acting β2-agonist salmeterol xinafoate, and excipient lactose. The active ingredients fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate are widely used for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Spatially resolved O-PTIR spectra acquired from the particles collected from stages 1-7 of a Next Generation Impactor (NGI) for both formulations confirmed the presence of peaks related to fluticasone propionate (1746 cm-1, 1702 cm-1, 1661 cm-1 and 1612 cm-1), salmeterol xinafoate (1582 cm-1), and lactose (1080 cm-1). There was no significant difference in the drug to lactose peak ratio among various size fractions of particles spray dried from solution indicating a homogeneity in drug and lactose content in the aerosol formulation. In contrast, the suspension-spray dried formulation showed the drug content increased while the lactose content decreased in the particles collected down the NGI from stage 1 to stage 7, indicating heterogeneity in the ratio of drug-excipient distribution. The qualitative chemical compositions from O-PTIR were comparable to conventional wet chemical assays of various size fractions, indicating the suitability of O-PTIR to serve as a valuable analytical platform for screening the physicochemical properties of DPIs in solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Khanal
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wei-Ren Ke
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Hak Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ke WR, Chang RYK, Chan HK. Engineering the right formulation for enhanced drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114561. [PMID: 36191861 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) can be used with a wide range of drugs such as small molecules and biologics and offer several advantages for inhaled therapy. Early DPI products were intended to treat asthma and lung chronic inflammatory disease by administering low-dose, high-potency drugs blended with lactose carrier particles. The use of lactose blends is still the most common approach to aid powder flowability and dose metering in DPI products. However, this conventional approach may not meet the high demand for formulation physical stability, aerosolisation performance, and bioavailability. To overcome these issues, innovative techniques coupled with modification of the traditional methods have been explored to engineer particles for enhanced drug delivery. Different particle engineering techniques have been utilised depending on the types of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (e.g., small molecules, peptides, proteins, cells) and the inhaled dose. This review discusses the challenges of formulating DPI formulations of low-dose and high-dose small molecule drugs, and biologics, followed by recent and emerging particle engineering strategies utilised in developing the right inhalable powder formulations for enhanced drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ren Ke
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hebbink GA, Jaspers M, Peters HJW, Dickhoff BHJ. Recent developments in lactose blend formulations for carrier-based dry powder inhalation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114527. [PMID: 36070848 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lactose is the most commonly used excipient in carrier-based dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulations. Numerous inhalation therapies have been developed using lactose as a carrier material. Several theories have described the role of carriers in DPI formulations. Although these theories are valuable, each DPI formulation is unique and are not described by any single theory. For each new formulation, a specific development trajectory is required, and the versatility of lactose can be exploited to optimize each formulation. In this review, recent developments in lactose-based DPI formulations are discussed. The effects of varying the material properties of lactose carrier particles, such as particle size, shape, and morphology are reviewed. Owing to the complex interactions between the particles in a formulation, processing adhesive mixtures of lactose with the active ingredient is crucial. Therefore, blending and filling processes for DPI formulations are also reviewed. While the role of ternary agents, such as magnesium stearate, has increased, lactose remains the excipient of choice in carrier-based DPI formulations. Therefore, new developments in lactose-based DPI formulations are crucial in the optimization of inhalable medicine performance.
Collapse
|
5
|
Albariqi AH, Ke WR, Khanal D, Kalfas S, Tang P, Britton WJ, Drago J, Chan HK. Preparation and Characterization of Inhalable Ivermectin Powders as a Potential COVID-19 Therapy. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2022; 35:239-251. [PMID: 35275749 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2021.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ivermectin has received worldwide attention as a potential COVID-19 treatment after showing antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. However, the pharmacokinetic limitations associated with oral administration have been postulated as limiting factors to its bioavailability and efficacy. These limitations can be overcome by targeted delivery to the lungs. In this study, inhalable dry powders of ivermectin and lactose crystals were prepared and characterized for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Methods: Ivermectin was co-spray dried with lactose monohydrate crystals and conditioned by storage at two different relative humidity points (43% and 58% RH) for a week. The in vitro dispersion performance of the stored powders was examined using a medium-high resistance Osmohaler connecting to a next-generation impactor at 60 L/min flow rate. The solid-state characteristics including particle size distribution and morphology, crystallinity, and moisture sorption profiles of raw and spray-dried ivermectin samples were assessed by laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic vapor sorption. Results: All the freshly spray-dried formulation (T0) and the conditioned samples could achieve the anticipated therapeutic dose with fine particle dose of 300 μg, FPFrecovered of 70%, and FPFemitted of 83%. In addition, the formulations showed a similar volume median diameter of 4.3 μm and span of 1.9. The spray-dried formulations were stable even after conditioning and exposing to different RH points as ivermectin remained amorphous with predominantly crystalline lactose. Conclusion: An inhalable and stable dry powder of ivermectin and lactose crystals was successfully formulated. This powder inhaler ivermectin candidate therapy appears to be able to deliver doses that could be safe and effective to treat the SARS-COV-2 infection. Further development of this therapy is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Albariqi
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei-Ren Ke
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Collage of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dipesh Khanal
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stefanie Kalfas
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patricia Tang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - John Drago
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khanal D, Ke WR, Chan HK. Raman spectroscopic evaluation of crystallinity, chemical composition and stability of pharmaceutical powder aerosols. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121341. [PMID: 34864122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate the effects of temperature and humidity on the physicochemical stability of inhalable spray-dried (SD) powders containing budesonide (BUD) and crystalline or amorphous lactose. Powders prepared by spray drying of BUD-lactose solution or suspension containing lactose crystals in BUD solution were stored for 0, 1 and 7 days at 25 °C/60 RH or 40 °C/75 RH. Bulk powders along with the large and small particle size fractions collected on stages 2 and 5, respectively, of the Next Generation Impactor (NGI) were chemically characterised. SD powder from solution contained BUD and lactose in amorphous form and both components were homogeneously distributed in bulk and in the particles collected from the two NGI stages. In contrast, SD powder from suspension showed heterogeneous distribution of lactose and drug in the particles containing crystalline lactose. After 1 day of storage at either condition, recrystallisation and changes in the chemical composition of the particles for the SD powder from solution occurred. The number of drug-only particles increased by 70 on stage 5, whereas most particles on stage 2 still contained both drug and lactose. These changes were not observed in the SD powder from suspension after storage, confirming superior stability of the SD powder obtained from suspension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Khanal
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wei-Ren Ke
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|