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Joe A, Han HW, Lim YR, Manivasagan P, Jang ES. Triphenylphosphonium-Functionalized Gold Nanorod/Zinc Oxide Core-Shell Nanocomposites for Mitochondrial-Targeted Phototherapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:284. [PMID: 38399337 PMCID: PMC10893051 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phototherapies, such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), combined with novel all-in-one light-responsive nanocomposites have recently emerged as new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cancer. Herein, we developed novel all-in-one triphenylphosphonium-functionalized gold nanorod/zinc oxide core-shell nanocomposites (CTPP-GNR@ZnO) for mitochondrial-targeted PTT/PDT owing to their good biocompatibility, tunable and high optical absorption, photothermal conversion efficiency, highest reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and high mitochondrial-targeting capability. Under laser irradiation of 780 nm, the CTPP-GNR@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites effectively produced heat in addition to generating ROS to induce cell death, implying a synergistic effect of mild PTT and PDT in combating cancer. Notably, the in vitro PTT/PDT effect of CTPP-GNR@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites exhibited effective cell ablation (95%) and induced significant intracellular ROS after the 780 nm laser irradiation for 50 min, indicating that CTPP in CTPP-GNR@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites can specifically target the mitochondria of CT-26 cells, as well as generate heat and ROS to completely kill cancer cells. Overall, this light-responsive nanocomposite-based phototherapy provides a new approach for cancer synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eue-Soon Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730-701, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (A.J.); (H.-W.H.); (Y.-R.L.) (P.M.)
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Sokolov S, Zyrina A, Akimov S, Knorre D, Severin F. Toxic Effects of Penetrating Cations. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:841. [PMID: 37888013 PMCID: PMC10608470 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
As mitochondria are negatively charged organelles, penetrating cations are used as parts of chimeric molecules to deliver specific compounds into mitochondria. In other words, they are used as electrophilic carriers for such chemical moieties as antioxidants, dyes, etc., to transfer them inside mitochondria. However, unmodified penetrating cations affect different aspects of cellular physiology as well. In this review, we have attempted to summarise the data about the side effects of commonly used natural (e.g., berberine) and artificial (e.g., tetraphenylphosphonium, rhodamine, methylene blue) penetrating cations on cellular physiology. For instance, it was shown that such types of molecules can (1) facilitate proton transport across membranes; (2) react with redox groups of the respiratory chain; (3) induce DNA damage; (4) interfere with pleiotropic drug resistance; (5) disturb membrane integrity; and (6) inhibit enzymes. Also, the products of the biodegradation of penetrating cations can be toxic. As penetrating cations accumulate in mitochondria, their toxicity is mostly due to mitochondrial damage. Mitochondria from certain types of cancer cells appear to be especially sensitive to penetrating cations. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of the toxic effects and the anti-cancer activity of penetrating cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svyatoslav Sokolov
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Anna Zyrina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Premises 8, Bldg. 1, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement “Moskovskiy”, 108819 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey Akimov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 LeninskiyProspekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Knorre
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Fedor Severin
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.); (D.K.)
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Rafik ST, Vaidya JS, MacRobert AJ, Yaghini E. Organic Nanodelivery Systems as a New Platform in the Management of Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review from Preclinical to Clinical Studies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072648. [PMID: 37048731 PMCID: PMC10095028 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for approximately 25% of cancer cases and 16.5% of cancer deaths in women, and the World Health Organization predicts that the number of new cases will increase by almost 70% over the next two decades, mainly due to an ageing population. Effective diagnostic and treatment strategies are, therefore, urgently required for improving cure rates among patients since current therapeutic modalities have many limitations and side effects. Nanomedicine is evolving as a promising approach for cancer management, including breast cancer, and various types of organic and inorganic nanomaterials have been investigated for their role in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Following an overview on breast cancer characteristics and pathogenesis and challenges of the current treatment strategies, the therapeutic potential of biocompatible organic-based nanoparticles such as liposomes and polymeric micelles that have been tested in breast cancer models are reviewed. The efficacies of different drug delivery and targeting strategies are documented, ranging from synthetic to cell-derived nanoformulations together with a summary of the interaction of nanoparticles with externally applied energy such as radiotherapy. The clinical translation of nanoformulations for breast cancer treatment is summarized including those undergoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma T. Rafik
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London (UCL), London W1W 7TY, UK
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21516, Egypt
| | - Jayant S. Vaidya
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London (UCL), London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London (UCL), London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London (UCL), London W1W 7TY, UK
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Yin F, Liu X, Xu Y, Fu B, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Li J, Qin Z. Triphenylphosphonium-Driven Targeting of Pyrimorph Fragment Derivatives Greatly Improved Its Action on Phytopathogen Mitochondria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2842-2852. [PMID: 36722627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyrimorph is a carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide, which shows excellent activity against oomycetes such as pepper phytophthora blight, tomato late blight, and downy mildew of cucumber. It works mainly by inhibiting the biosynthesis of cell wall of oomycetes. However, pyrimorph also shows weak activity of inhibiting mitochondrial complex III, which is the first CAA fungicide found to act on mitochondria. To improve this effect on mitochondria and develop fungicides that may have a novel mechanism of action, in this paper, by disassembling pyrimorph and conjugating the fragments with the mitochondrial-targeted delivery system (triphenylphosphonium), three series of mitochondrial-targeting analogues of pyrimorph were designed and synthesized. The results show that the pyridine-containing 1,1-diaryl is the core module of inhibition mitochondrial function of pyrimorph. Among these conjugates, compound 3b with a short linker showed the highest and broad-spectrum fungicidal activity, strong respiratory inhibition activity, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis inhibition activity, suggesting its potential as a fungicide candidate. 3b exhibited greatly improved action on mitochondria, such as by destroying the mitochondrial function of pathogens, causing mitochondrial swelling, weakening its influence on cell wall morphology, and so on. More importantly, this study provides a method to strengthen the drugs or pesticides with weak mitochondrial action, which is of special significance for developing mitochondrial bioactive molecules with the novel action mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahong Yin
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Xu
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Fu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Puluhulawa LE, Joni IM, Elamin KM, Mohammed AFA, Muchtaridi M, Wathoni N. Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles for Active Targeting in Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163410. [PMID: 36015667 PMCID: PMC9416118 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the most common cause of death worldwide; therefore, there is a need to discover novel treatment modalities to combat it. One of the cancer treatments is nanoparticle technology. Currently, nanoparticles have been modified to have desirable pharmacological effects by using chemical ligands that bind with their specific receptors on the surface of malignant cells. Chemical grafting of chitosan nanoparticles with hyaluronic acid as a targeted ligand can become an attractive alternative for active targeting. Hence, these nanoparticles can control drug release with pH- responsive stimuli, and high selectivity of hyaluronic acid to CD44 receptors makes these nanoparticles accumulate more inside cells that overexpress these receptors (cancer cells). In this context, we discuss the benefits and recent findings of developing and utilizing chitosan–hyaluronic acid nanoparticles against distinct forms of cancer malignancy. From here we know that chitosan–hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (CHA-Np) can produce a nanoparticle system with good characteristics, effectiveness, and a good active targeting on various types of cancer cells. Therefore, this system is a good candidate for targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy, anticipating that CHA-Np could be further developed for various cancer therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Efriani Puluhulawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - I Made Joni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Khaled M. Elamin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-22-824-888888
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