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Zhao Z, Qiao S, Jin Z, Li H, Yu H, Zhang C, Yin TH, Zhao K. Acidified sucralfate encapsulated chitosan derivative nanoparticles as oral vaccine adjuvant delivery enhancing mucosal and systemic immunity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135424. [PMID: 39245128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Oral vaccines are generally perceived to be safe, easy to administer, and have the potential to induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses. However, given the challenges posed by the harsh gastrointestinal environment and mucus barriers, the development of oral vaccines necessitates the employment of a safe and efficient delivery system. In recent years, nanoparticle-based delivery has proven to be an ideal delivery vector for the manufacture of oral vaccines. Hence, considering the above, the sucralfate acidified (SA) encapsulated N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC)/N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) nanoparticles (SA@N-2-HACC/CMCS NPs) were prepared, and the BSA was used as a model antigen to investigate the immune responses. The SA@N-2-HACC/CMCS NPs had a particle size of 227 ± 7.0 nm and a zeta potential of 8.43 ± 2.62 mV. The NPs displayed slow and sustained release and high stability in simulated gastric juice and intestinal fluid. RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cell line demonstrated enhanced uptake of the SA@N-2-HACC/CMCS/BSA Nps. The vaccine via oral administration markedly enhanced the residence time of BSA in the intestine for more than 12 h and elicited the production of IgG and sIgA. The SA@N-2-HACC/CMCS NPs developed here for oral administration is an excellent technique for delivering antigens and provides a path of mucosal vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Shuai Qiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Heqi Li
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Chunjing Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China.
| | - Tan Hui Yin
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Laboratory for Bioactive Materials and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China; Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Jalan Genting Kelang, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
| | - Kai Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China; Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Laboratory for Bioactive Materials and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China; Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Sinani G, Sessevmez M, Şenel S. Applications of Chitosan in Prevention and Treatment Strategies of Infectious Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1201. [PMID: 39339237 PMCID: PMC11434819 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is the most commonly investigated functional cationic biopolymer in a wide range of medical applications due to its promising properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioadhesivity, as well as its numerous bioactive properties. Within the last three decades, chitosan and its derivatives have been investigated as biomaterials for drug and vaccine delivery systems, besides for their bioactive properties. Due to the functional groups in its structure, it is possible to tailor the delivery systems with desired properties. There has been a great interest in the application of chitosan-based systems also for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, specifically due to their antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunostimulatory effects. In this review, recent applications of chitosan in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases are reviewed, and possibilities and limitations with regards to technical and regulatory aspects are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives on utilization of chitosan as a biomaterial are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genada Sinani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, 34147 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Melike Sessevmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Sevda Şenel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe Univesity, 06100 Ankara, Türkiye
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Gao Y, Gong X, Ruan Q, Zhang C, Zhao K. Antibacterial Activity of Novel Agent N-2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Chitosan against Streptococcus mutans. Molecules 2024; 29:4126. [PMID: 39274979 PMCID: PMC11397297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries (DC) is one of the most common oral diseases and is mainly caused by Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The use of antibiotics against S. mutans usually has side effects, including developing resistance. N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC), a natural product, has great potential utility in antibacterial agents owing to its low toxicity and good biocompatibility. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to explore the antimicrobial activity of N-2-HACC against S. mutans through the permeability of the cell wall, integrity of cell membrane, protein and nucleic acid synthesis, respiratory metabolism, and biofilm formation. Our results confirmed that the MIC of N-2-HACC against S. mutans was 0.625 mg/mL with a 90.01 ± 1.54% inhibition rate. SEM observed the formation of cavities on the surface of S. mutans after 12 h N-2-HACC treatment. The level of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was higher in the N-2-HACC treatment group than in the control group, indicating that N-2-HACC can improve the permeability of the cell wall. Also, N-2-HACC treatment can destroy the cell membrane of S. mutans by increasing conductivity and absorbance at 260 nm, decreasing cell metabolic activity, and enhancing the fluorescence at 488 nm. Respiratory metabolism revealed that the activities of the Na+-K+-ATP enzyme, pyruvate kinase (PK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were decreased after N-2-HACC treatment, revealing that N-2-HACC can inhibit glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) of S. mutans. Moreover, N-2-HACC can also decrease the contents of the nucleic acid and solution protein of S. mutans, interfere with biofilm formation, and decrease the mRNA expression level of biofilm formation-related genes. Therefore, these results verify that N-2-HACC has strong antibacterial activity against S. mutans, acting via cell membrane integrity damage, increasing the permeability of cell walls, interfering with bacterial protein and nucleic acid synthesis, perturbing glycolysis and the TCA cycle, and inhibiting biofilm formation. It is suggested that N-2-HACC may represent a new potential synthetically modified antibacterial material against S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Xiaochen Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Qicheng Ruan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Chunjing Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
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Gholap AD, Kapare HS, Pagar S, Kamandar P, Bhowmik D, Vishwakarma N, Raikwar S, Garkal A, Mehta TA, Rojekar S, Hatvate N, Mohanto S. Exploring modified chitosan-based gene delivery technologies for therapeutic advancements. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129581. [PMID: 38266848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
One of the critical steps in gene therapy is the successful delivery of the genes. Immunogenicity and toxicity are major issues for viral gene delivery systems. Thus, non-viral vectors are explored. A cationic polysaccharide like chitosan could be used as a nonviral gene delivery vector owing to its significant interaction with negatively charged nucleic acid and biomembrane, providing effective cellular uptake. However, the native chitosan has issues of targetability, unpacking ability, and solubility along with poor buffer capability, hence requiring modifications for effective use in gene delivery. Modified chitosan has shown that the "proton sponge effect" involved in buffering the endosomal pH results in osmotic swelling owing to the accumulation of a greater amount of proton and chloride along with water. The major challenges include limited exploration of chitosan as a gene carrier, the availability of high-purity chitosan for toxicity reduction, and its immunogenicity. The genetic drugs are in their infancy phase and require further exploration for effective delivery of nucleic acid molecules as FDA-approved marketed formulations soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshad S Kapare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sakshi Pagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Pallavi Kamandar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, India
| | - Deblina Bhowmik
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, India
| | - Nikhar Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacy, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences, Jabalpur 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sarjana Raikwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Tejal A Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Navnath Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, India.
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
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Xu C, Xing R, Liu S, Qin Y, Li K, Yu H, Li P. In vivo immunological activity of chitosan-derived nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130105. [PMID: 38346623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan has been studied as an immunomodulator, but few studies have used chitosan derivatives as adjuvants alone. After a preliminary study, we found that nanoparticles prepared from chitosan derivatives had better cellular immune activity when used as an adjuvant. Therefore, animal experiments were conducted to further investigate the performance and mechanism of these nanoparticles as immune adjuvants. We injected mice with the chitosan nanoparticle vaccine and measured the expression levels of immunoglobulins, immune factors, and immune genes in tissues and tissue sections. The results showed that C236-HACC-OVA (C2,3,6-chitosan sulfate-chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-ovalbumin) and NO-HACC-OVA (NO-carboxymethyl chitosan-chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-ovalbumin) nanoparticles can significantly improve the secretion of the immune factors IL-6, TNF, and IL-1β. The level of IgG1 was highly significant after administering both nanoparticles, but IgG2 was not significant in mice. Three immune factors (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17) were secreted at high levels in mouse serum at a nanoparticle dose of 0.3 mg/mouse. These nanoparticles also have high safety in the liver, kidney, and spleen of mice. This study proves the possibility of using chitosan derivative nanoparticles as vaccine adjuvants. These data further indicate that chitosan derivative nanoparticles have potential for use as vaccine adjuvants and demonstrate that polysaccharides have a unique position in green vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Song Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Wen J, Mu W, Li H, Yan Y, Zhan X, Luo W, Wang Z, Kan W, Zhao J, Hui S, He P, Qin S, Xu Y, Zhang P, Xiao X, Xu G, Bai Z. Glabridin improves autoimmune disease in Trex1-deficient mice by reducing type I interferon production. Mol Med 2023; 29:167. [PMID: 38066431 PMCID: PMC10709943 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is an essential section of the natural immune system. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown a strong link between abnormal activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, a natural immune pathway mediated by the nucleic acid receptor cGAS, and the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, it is important to identify an effective compound to specifically downregulate this pathway for disease. METHODS The effect of Glabridin (Glab) was investigated in BMDMs and Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) by establishing an in vitro model of cGAS-STING signaling pathway activation. An activation model stimulated by DMXAA was also established in mice to study the effect of Glab. On the other hand, we investigated the possible mechanism of action of Glab and the effect of Glab on Trex1-deficient mice. RESULTS In this research, we report that Glab, a major component of licorice, specifically inhibits the cGAS-STING signaling pathway by inhibiting the level of type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). In addition, Glab has a therapeutic effect on innate immune diseases caused by abnormal cytoplasmic DNA in Trex1-deficient mice. Mechanistically, Glab can specifically inhibit the interaction of STING with IRF3. CONCLUSION Glab is a specific inhibitor of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and may be used in the clinical therapy of cGAS-STING pathway-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Wen
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wenqing Mu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yulu Yan
- Ningde Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhan
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- Nutrition Department of the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wen Kan
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Siwen Hui
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shuanglin Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Guang Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Bhagat D, Manzoor A, Mahajan A, Sanjeev UK, Sharma B, Krishnamoorthy P, Samuel DK, Sushil S. Nature to Nurture: Chitosan nanopowder a natural carbohydrate polymer choice of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma Japonicum Ashmead. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20724. [PMID: 37867881 PMCID: PMC10585235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring linear biopolymer made of partially deacetylated acetyl and N-acetyl glucosamine. Its biocompatible physiochemical and biochemical properties are unmatched. Chitosan is transformed to nanopowder for use in agriculture and associated industries as nanocarriers for existing agrochemicals, ensuring the delayed release of chemicals with better solubility. Chitosan nanopowder applied to leaves or soil can activate a plant's natural defences against insects and pathogens. These studies were carried out because there is a potential for toxicological risk linked with products created utilizing nanotechnology, such as chitosan nanopowder, and therefore researchers felt the need to investigate this. The egg parasitoides Trichogramma Japonicum Ashmead was used as a low-cost biomarker to determine the potential toxicity of chitosan nanopowder. This study looked into the possibility that the adult stage of the egg parasitoids, Trichogramma Japonicum Ashmead might be negatively impacted by chitosan nanopowder (80-100 nm). Unpaired t-test statistical analysis has been carried out. According to the statistical analysis, host eggs exposed to chitosan nanopowder showed noticeably greater parasitization than the control group. As a natural supply of carbohydrate polymers chitosan nanopowder promotes the parasitization of T. Japonicum. The findings showed that T. Japonicum favoured chitosan nanopowder. Through Y dual choice, eight-arm multiple choice, and no-choice olfactometer experiments, as well as images from a stereozoom microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the data was thoroughly supported. Future agricultural applications of chitosan nanopowder will benefit from a deeper understanding of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhagat
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, H & A Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560024, Karnataka, India
| | - Aamina Manzoor
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, H & A Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560024, Karnataka, India
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, Chatha, 180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Akanksha Mahajan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, H & A Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560024, Karnataka, India
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, Chatha, 180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Sanjeev
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, H & A Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560024, Karnataka, India
| | - B.C. Sharma
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, Chatha, 180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Paramanandham Krishnamoorthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, P.B. No.6450, Yelahanka, 5600064, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Duleep Kumar Samuel
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Haserghatta Lake Post, IIHR Main Road, Ivar, Kandapura, 560089, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S.N. Sushil
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, H & A Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560024, Karnataka, India
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