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Tse KL, Savoldi F, Li KY, McGrath CP, Yang Y, Gu M. Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study. Prog Orthod 2023; 24:31. [PMID: 37691059 PMCID: PMC10493207 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and craniofacial factors associated with this condition requires studies with random sampling from the general population, and multiple criteria can be used for assessing AH on lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR). The present analysis represents the first report performed according to these requirements in a large cross-sectional sample of children. METHODS LCRs of 517 12-year-old children (286 males, 231 females) randomly selected from the general population were retrospectively retrieved. AH was defined using three criteria (At/Nd, Ad-Ba/PNS-Ba, 1-Npaa/Npa), and twelve craniofacial variables were measured (SNA, SNB, ANB, Wits, Cd-Gn, MnP^SN, MxP^MnP, TPFH/TAFH, OPT^SN, C2ps-C4pi^SN, H-CV, H-FH). Skeletal characteristics were compared between children with and without AH using Mann-Whitney U test. Binary logistic regression (adjusted for sex and skeletal growth) was used to independently quantify the association between craniofacial factors and AH. RESULTS The prevalence of children with AH was 17.6% (according to At/Nd), 19.0% (according to Ad-Ba/PNS-Ba), and 13.9% (according to 1-Npaa/Npa). Children with AH presented greater antero-posterior jaw discrepancy (larger ANB, smaller SNB), greater mandibular divergence (larger MnP^SN), forward head posture (larger OPT^SN and C2ps-C4pi^SN), and anteriorly positioned hyoid bone (larger H-CV). Larger SNA (OR = 1.39-1.48), while smaller SNB (OR = 0.77-0.88) and Wits (OR = 0.85-0.87), were associated with greater likelihood of having AH, independently from the assessment method used. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of children with AH ranged from 13.9 to 19.0% based on LCR. Greater antero-posterior maxillo-mandibular discrepancy and mandibular retrusion were independently associated with higher likelihood of having AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Lok Tse
- Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabio Savoldi
- Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kar Yan Li
- Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Colman P McGrath
- Dental Public Health, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gu
- Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Wang W, Wang X, Xia J, Yang X, Li M, Niu P, Ding C, Hu Y, Gong S, Chen T. The association between nasal mucosa bacteria and serum metals in children with nasal diseases. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115343. [PMID: 37562173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) are common nasal diseases in children. Studies have shown that heavy metals are environmental risk factors for nasal diseases, and the pathogenic mechanisms may be related to dysregulation of nasal mucosal microbiota. However, it is unclear how heavy metal exposure relates to the nasal mucosal microbiota in nasal diseases. Therefore, we explored serum metal exposure levels and nasal mucosal microbiota composition in children with different nasal disease, and further studied the potential correlation between metal exposure and disease-related taxa. There were 64 children recruited for this study. The 23 metals concentrations in serum were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and nasal mucosal bacteria was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Nasal diseases (AR and AH) in children were associated with alterations in the abundance and diversity of the nasal mucosal microbiota. The nasal microbiota of children with AR showed lower diversity, while the microbiota of children with AH showed higher diversity. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size showed 108 differentially abundant taxa between AR and control groups, 35 differentially abundant taxa among large adenoid, moderate adenoid and small adenoid groups. The serum zinc concentration was negatively correlated with Pielou's eveness index and Simpson's Index in children classified by adenoid size. The spearman correlation analysis showed that multiple disease-related taxa were closely associated with metal concentrations in serum. Our findings may support a link between metal exposure and the diversity and composition of nasal bacteria in children with nasal disease, which present new evidence for the effects of metals on children health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiao Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Menglong Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunguang Ding
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC (National Center for Occupational Medicine of Coal Industry, NHC), Beijing 102308, China
| | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Shusheng Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Ghanem MA, Swaid AI, Adawi EA, Ghanem RM, Ghanem AM, Aqeel MA, Safan MA. The impact of adenotonsillectomy on monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415820974266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To analyze the outcome of monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis (MPNE) after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: The study included 74 MPNE children with OSAS qualified for an adenotonsillectomy procedure. MPNE was assessed prior to surgical procedure as well as 3 and 6 months after surgery. In addition to polysomnographic parameters, serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Results: The mean age was 9.8 years and the mean number of nocturnal wetting weekly was 4.1. Thirty-eight percent of patients had family history of MPNE. All the patients underwent a successful adenotonsillectomy. Nocturnal enuresis was still reported in 18% of children 6 months after adenotonsillectomy. An increased risk of MPNE was significantly demonstrated in children with high obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (O-AHI), high oxygen desaturation index (ODI), high frequent nocturnal enuresis and family history. After surgery, ADH levels were significantly lower, whereas BNP levels were significantly higher in non-resolution children. Univariate analysis showed that higher O-AHI, higher ODI, severe enuresis, low serum ADH and higher serum BNP levels were indicative of persistent nocturnal enuresis. Multivariate analysis showed that higher ODI and higher BNP levels are independent prognostic markers for MPNE. Conclusions: Adenotonsillectomy in MPNE children with OSAS is an effective treatment for resolution of MPNE. Also, higher ODI caused by apnea and elevated serum BNP levels are the most important factors affecting the outcome of MPNE patients. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen A Ghanem
- Department of Urology, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
- Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Ali I Swaid
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa A Adawi
- Department of Urology, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed M Ghanem
- Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Aqeel
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal A Safan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Menoufia University, Egypt
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Atilla MH, Özdaş S, Özdaş T, Baştimur S, Muz SE, Öz I, Kurt K, İzbirak A, Babademez MA, Vatandaş N. Association of Ugrp2 gene polymorphisms with adenoid hypertrophy in the pediatric population. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 84:599-607. [PMID: 28823693 PMCID: PMC9452243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adenoid hypertrophy is a condition that presents itself as the chronic enlargement of adenoid tissues; it is frequently observed in the pediatric population. The Ugrp2 gene, a member of the secretoglobin superfamily, encodes a low-molecular weight protein that functions in the differentiation of upper airway epithelial cells. However, little is known about the association of Ugrp2 genetic variations with adenoid hypertrophy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Ugrp2 gene with adenoid hypertrophy and its related phenotypes. METHODS A total of 219 children, comprising 114 patients suffering from adenoid hypertrophy and 105 healthy patients without adenoid hypertrophy, were enrolled in this study. Genotypes of the Ugrp2 gene were determined by DNA sequencing. RESULTS We identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms (IVS1-189G>A, IVS1-89T>G, c.201delC, and IVS2-15G>A) in the Ugrp2 gene. Our genotype analysis showed that the Ugrp2 (IVS1-89T>G) TG and (c.201delC) CdelC genotypes and their minor alleles were associated with a considerable increase in the risk of adenoid hypertrophy compared with the controls (p=0.012, p=0.009, p=0.013, and p=0.037, respectively). Furthermore, Ugrp2 (GTdelCG, GTdelCA) haplotypes were significantly associated with adenoid hypertrophy (four single nucleotide polymorphisms ordered from 5' to 3'; p=0.0001). Polymorfism-Polymorfism interaction analysis indicated a strong interaction between combined genotypes of the Ugrp2 gene contributing to adenoid hypertrophy, as well as an increased chance of its diagnosis (p<0.0001). In addition, diplotypes carrying the mutant Ugrp2 (c.201delC) allele were strongly associated with an increased risk of adenoid hypertrophy with asthma and with allergies (p=0.003 and p=0.0007, respectively). CONCLUSION Some single nucleotide polymorphisms and their combinations in the Ugrp2 gene are associated with an increased risk of developing adenoid hypertrophy. Therefore, we tried to underline the importance of genetic factors associated with adenoid hypertrophy and its related clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Huntürk Atilla
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Otolaryngology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Özdaş
- Adana Science and Technology University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Bioengineering, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Talih Özdaş
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Otolaryngology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Baştimur
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Otolaryngology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sami Engin Muz
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Otolaryngology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Işılay Öz
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Otolaryngology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kenan Kurt
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Otolaryngology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Afife İzbirak
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Babademez
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Otolaryngology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Vatandaş
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Pediatric Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
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Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 38:101-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
This paper attempts to identify the sources and evaluate the prevalence of halitosis in children with adenoid hypertrophy. The study included pediatric patients admitted for adenoidectomy due to obstructive symptoms. Patients with possibly other causes of halitosis, were excluded from the study. Halitosis was detected in 30 out of 136 children (22.1%). The effect of adenoid hypertrophy on halitosis was confirmed by the significant reduction in the organoleptic score rated according to the Rosenberg scale (on average by 2°) and the levels of volatile sulfur compounds (on average 84 ppb) post-adenoidectomy, as compared to pre-surgery results. In total, we reported a statistically significant decrease in the abovementioned values in 90% of patients with halitosis. It was found that in patients with halitosis, as compared to patients with no oral malodor, anaerobic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus were more frequently observed in the adenoid tissue. Streptococcus oralis strains were more commonly reported in the material taken during adenoidectomy in children without oral malodor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Sikorska-Żuk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland. Department of Otolaryngology, Provincial Specialist Hospital, Legnica, Poland
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Kaya KS, Türk B, Erol ZN, Akova P, Coşkun BU. Pre- and post-operative evaluation of the frequency of nocturnal enuresis and Modified Pediatric Epworth Scale in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 105:36-39. [PMID: 29447815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial effect of adenotonsillectomy (AT) on nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and evaluate the Modified Pediatric Epworth Scale (MPES). METHODS This was a prospective study comparing preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the frequency of NE and MPES in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A questionnaire on NE history was prepared based on the Turkish Enuresis Guidelines. NE histories were evaluated pre- and postoperatively on the first month and third month, respectively. MPES questions were asked to the parents of all the OSA patients pre- and postoperatively, and scores were noted. RESULTS Eighty-four (84) pediatric OSA patients were involved in the study. Preoperatively, 19 patients (27%) complained about nocturnal enuresis. After the surgery, 52% of the patients with NE had complete resolution of NE (p < 0.001). Postoperatively, the average Epworth scores of both groups significantly decreased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION There is a strong correlation between OSA and NE. In the present study, enuresis in pediatric OSA patients significantly decreased after surgery. Also, Epworth scores decreased significantly after surgery. In children with nocturnal enuresis, the presence of OSA symptoms should be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Sami Kaya
- Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, ENT Clinic, Şişli, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Türk
- Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, ENT Clinic, Şişli, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Nur Erol
- Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, ENT Clinic, Şişli, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Akova
- Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, ENT Clinic, Şişli, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Berna Uslu Coşkun
- Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, ENT Clinic, Şişli, İstanbul, Turkey.
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Pachêco-Pereira C, Alsufyani N, Major M, Palomino-Gómez S, Pereira JR, Flores-Mir C. Correlation and reliability of cone-beam computed tomography nasopharyngeal volumetric and area measurements as determined by commercial software against nasopharyngoscopy-supported diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 152:92-103. [PMID: 28651774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic correlation and reliability of Dolphin Imaging fully automated segmentation (Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif) for assessing adenoid hypertrophy. This was investigated through 3 modes: (1) intraobserver and interobserver agreement of repeated airway auto-segmentation procedures, (2) correlation between auto-segmentation measures of volume and minimal cross-sectional airway against nasopharyngoscopy, and (3) optimum diagnostic cutoff thresholds for volume and minimal cross-sectional airway identified and tested with sensitivity and specificity analyses. METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 38 patients with suspected upper airway obstruction were analyzed. Two calibrated evaluators applied a previously validated method to quantify nasopharyngeal minimal cross-sectional airway and volume using Dolphin Imaging. Assessments were compared against grades of obstruction provided by otolaryngologists' diagnoses. RESULTS The reliability between the 2 assessments by the same evaluator on the Dolphin automatic segmentation function for volume (ICC, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95, 0.98) and minimal cross-sectional airway (ICC, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.69, 0.91) was excellent. The interoperator reliability for volume was also excellent (ICC, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95, 0.98), but only good (ICC, 0.701; 95% CI, 0.44, 0.85) for minimal cross-sectional airway. In contrast, the Spearman rank correlation test demonstrated weak associations between the values of the automatic measurements for both volume (4.9%; ρ = -0.22) and minimal cross-sectional airway (3.7%; ρ = 0.19). Assessments of accuracy via Receiver Operating characteristic analysis, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive values, positive predictive values, and likelihood ratios demonstrated the poor clinical applicability of volume and minimal cross-sectional airway numbers provided by Dolphin Imaging. CONCLUSIONS The evaluators were reliable at manipulating the selected software, achieving consistent volume and minimal cross-sectional airway measurements, However, Dolphin Imaging volumetric and minimal cross-sectional airway measurements did not correlate well with the nasopharyngoscopy-supported reference standard for adenoid hypertrophy assessment. Under these study conditions, volume and minimal cross-sectional airway used to assess localized adenoid hypertrophy with cone-beam computed tomography imaging based on automated measurements may not yield high-quality clinically relevant information about upper airway constriction related to adenoid hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pachêco-Pereira
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Noura Alsufyani
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Major
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra Palomino-Gómez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - José Roberto Pereira
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Safaei-Asl A, Heydarzadeh A, Karimi A, Maleknejad S. Frequency of enuresis and related factors among
school children in Guilan province; a single center
investigation. J Nephropharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/npj.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Mohsenzadeh A, Ahmadipour S, Farhadi A, Shahkarami K. Study of behavioural disorders in children with primary enuresis. Nord J Psychiatry 2017; 71:238-244. [PMID: 28084151 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2016.1269834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enuresis results in behavioural disorder in children. This study investigated the behavioural disorders in children possessing primary enuresis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 100 children with primary enuresis were referred to children's hospital Khorramabad; the census method was used in this study. Data were collected using a short screening instrument for enuresis psychological problems, the reliability and validity of which have been confirmed in previous studies. First, a questionnaire was used to assess academic failure, anxiety, behavioural disorders, sleep, and psychological disorders. Results obtained were compared in terms of gender and age. Statistical analyses using inferential and descriptive statistics including Chi-square and Fisher test were employed. RESULTS The average age of children was 8.46 years. Sixty-six per cent of participants were male and the rest of them were female. Ninety per cent of subjects were between the age range of 1-9 years, and 10% were over 10 years old. Forty-three per cent of children suffered from anxiety disorders and 34% had sleep disorders, 4% also suffered from academic failure. Among behavioural disorders, hyperactivity and restlessness were the most common disorders, and they were significantly higher in nine boys. Headache, obsessive, and sleep disorders were more common in children above 10. There was a significant correlation between eating disorders, headache, sleep disorders, and strange movements in males, while feelings of sadness were more common in females. CONCLUSION Social personality development in children with enuresis can be improved by informing parents of enuresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Mohsenzadeh
- a Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Ahmadipour
- a Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
| | - Ali Farhadi
- b Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
| | - Korosh Shahkarami
- c Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
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Abdollohi-Fakhim S, Talebi A, Naghavi-Behzad M, Piri R, Nazari MS. Effects of adenotonsillar hypertrophy corrective surgery on nocturnal enuresis of children. Niger Med J 2016; 57:69-73. [PMID: 27185983 PMCID: PMC4859118 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.180558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocturnal enuresis is considered a common urological complaint especially among children. Respiratory obstructive diseases have been one of the possible etiologies of such a condition. The most common type of upper respiratory obstructive diseases in childhood is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. In this study, it was tried to estimate the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in adenotonsillar hypertrophy as an upper obstructive airway disease and cure rate after corrective operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this longitudinal study, 184 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy as case group and 200 healthy children as control group were randomly compared for nocturnal enuresis incidence and risk factors. Then they were followed after 6 months to estimate the cure rate after corrective operation. RESULTS In case group, nocturnal enuresis was more common than control group (26% vs. 17%, P = 0.1). Factors which had a role in enuresis in case group were family history (P = 0.03) and male sex (P = 0.05). Three months after surgery, 48% of children totally cured from enuresis (P = 0.001) and 71% cured both partially or totally (P = 0.03). The response rate after moderate obstruction relieving was 100% while that in severe cases was 60% (P = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS Nocturnal enuresis due to upper obstructive airway disease occurs more in male and in the presence of family history. The cure rate after 6 months of operation was more prominent in moderate obstruction which suggests enuresis in severe airway obstruction may need a longer time to subside. Cure rate of primary enuresis due to obstructive airway disease after 6 months of relieving was 48% in children over 5 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arefeh Talebi
- Pediatric Health Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Piri
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Jiang X, Ren X, Liu H, Tian J, Du C, Luo H, Cheng Y, Shang L. Health-related quality of life among children with adenoid hypertrophy in Xi'an, China. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:2321-6. [PMID: 26553400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in 5-7-year-old children diagnosed with adenoid hypertrophy and the impact of adenoid hypertrophy on affected families. METHODS This is a cross-sectional case-control study evaluating 5-7-year-old children with adenoid hypertrophy (n=195), 5-7-year-old healthy children (n=156), and associated caregivers (parents and/or grandparents). A Chinese version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scale was used to assess childhood HRQOL, and a Chinese version of the Family Impact Module (FIM) was used to assess the impact of adenoid hypertrophy on family members. HRQOL scores were compared between the children with adenoid hypertrophy and healthy children. In addition, a multiple step-wise regression with demographic variables of children and their caregivers, family economic status, and caregiver's HRQOL as independent variables were referenced to determine the factors that may influence HRQOL in children with adenoid hypertrophy. RESULTS Children with adenoid hypertrophy showed significantly lower physical, emotional, social, and school functioning scores than healthy children (p<0.001 in all these dimensions). Caregivers for children with adenoid hypertrophy also scored significantly lower than caregivers for healthy children on physical, emotional, social, cognitive, and communication functioning (p<0.001 in all these dimensions). Caregivers for adenoid hypertrophy-affected children also exhibited significantly higher levels of worry than healthy children (p<0.001). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that children's age, children's relation with caregivers, caregiver's educational level, caregiver's own HRQOL, and the size of adenoid may all influence the HRQOL in children with adenoid hypertrophy (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The current data suggested that adenoid hypertrophy were associated with lower HRQOL in both children and their caregivers, and may negatively influence family functioning. In addition, caregivers' social characteristics may also significantly affect the HRQOL in children with adenoid hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiqin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunyan Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanan Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Doganer YC, Aydogan U, Ongel K, Sari O, Koc B, Saglam K. The Prevalence and Sociodemographic Risk Factors of Enuresis Nocturna among Elementary School-age Children. J Family Med Prim Care 2015; 4:39-44. [PMID: 25810988 PMCID: PMC4367005 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.152250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Many etiological reasons are blamed for enuresis nocturna (EN). The aim of this study was to research prevalence and severity of EN among elementary school-age children and sociodemographic risk factors related to it. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in three elementary schools in Ankara, Turkey between January and May 2011. It was planned to have 2500 students of 6–14 ages in the study. The questionnaire, which consisted of questions, aiming to evaluate the EN condition of participants and their characteristics, were distributed to the parents. It was observed that 2314 participants’ questionnaires (92.56%) were in accordance with evaluation criteria. Statistical Analysis: The relation between EN and the sociodemographic factors was evaluated through Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean age of 2314 participants was 9.21 ± 2.08. 48.5% (n = 1123) of the students were male and 51.5% (n = 1191) were female. While the general EN prevalence was 9.9% (n = 230); 10.7% (n = 120) for males, as 9.2% (n = 110) for females. Statistical significant difference was determined between the two groups, with EN and without EN, regarding age groups (P < 0.001), education level of parents (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and the number of sibling (P = 0.002), income level (P < 0.001), and positive family history (P < 0.001). However, logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a significant difference only between EN and age groups (odds ratio [OR] =4.42, P < 0.001), education level of mother (OR = 2.13, P = 0.017) and family history (OR = 0.12, P < 0.001). Conclusions: As a consequence, such factors as age groups, education level of parents, positive family history could be accepted as a risk of concerning EN. It is important to perform a detailed evaluation on population, carrying risk of having EN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Cetin Doganer
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA ; Department of Family Medicine, Turkish Military Academy Primary Care Examination Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umit Aydogan
- Department of Family Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kurtulus Ongel
- Department of Family Medicine, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oktay Sari
- Department of Family Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bayram Koc
- Department of Family Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kenan Saglam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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Major MP, Witmans M, El-Hakim H, Major PW, Flores-Mir C. Agreement between cone-beam computed tomography and nasoendoscopy evaluations of adenoid hypertrophy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146:451-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mohammed AH, Saleh AG, Al Zoheiry I. Frequency of bedwetting among primary school children in Benha city, Egypt. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Kotagal S, Nichols CD, Grigg-Damberger MM, Marcus CL, Witmans MB, Kirk VG, D'Andrea LA, Hoban TF. Non-respiratory indications for polysomnography and related procedures in children: an evidence-based review. Sleep 2012; 35:1451-66. [PMID: 23115394 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This evidence-based review provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature regarding the utility of polysomnography for the evaluation of non-respiratory sleep disorders in children including hypersomnias, parasomnias, sleep-related movement disorders, and sleep in other special populations. METHODS A task force of pediatric sleep medicine experts performed a systematic review of the literature regarding the use of polysomnography for non-respiratory sleep disorders in children. They identified and graded 76 papers as evidence. RESULTS The main results include (1) polysomnography combined with the multiple sleep latency test is useful for evaluating disorders of excessive somnolence to objectively quantify sleepiness. The results have to be interpreted with consideration of the pubertal stage and regularity of the sleep patterns of the child; (2) polysomnography is indicated in children with parasomnias or sleep related movement disorders who have a high likelihood of having obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); (3) polysomnography is not routinely indicated in children with enuresis unless there is a high likelihood of OSA; (4) polysomnography can be helpful in evaluating children with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and when periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is suspected. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, in children with non-respiratory sleep disorders, polysomnography should be a part of a comprehensive sleep evaluation in selected circumstances to determine the nature of the events in more detail or when the suspicion of OSA is relatively high.
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Prevalence of otitis media with effusion among primary school age-children and etiopathogenic examination. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 66:95-8. [PMID: 24533366 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A prevalence study was carried out in order to look into the etiopathogenic relation of otitis media with effusion (OME) in primary school-age children. The study included ENT examination and a questionnaire that was carried out in 4 randomly selected schools on 1,165 children. 143 of the cases (12.2%) had OME. A significant relation between OME and adenoid vegetation was found (P<0.01) while no significant relation between EOM and recurrent tonsillitis and allergic rhinitis was found (P>0.05). As a result, OME is a common disease that can lead to other hard-to-cure health problems and be costly if etiopathogenic factors are not resolved on time.
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