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Malale K, Fu J, Qiu L, Zhan K, Gan X, Mei Z. Hypoxia-Induced Aquaporin-3 Changes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Sensitivity to Sorafenib by Activating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4321-4333. [PMID: 32606928 PMCID: PMC7294049 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s243918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hypoxia-induced changes are primarily activated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and long-term sorafenib exposure, thereby reducing the sensitivity to the drug. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3), a member of the aquaporin family, is a hypoxia-induced substance that affects the chemosensitivity of non-hepatocellular tumors. However, its expression and role in the sensitivity of hypoxic HCC cells to sorafenib-induced apoptosis remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to detect changes in AQP3 expression in hypoxic HCC cells and to determine whether these changes alter the sensitivity of these cells to sorafenib. Materials and Methods Huh7 and HepG2 hypoxic cell models were established and AQP3 expression was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. Furthermore, the role of AQP3 in cell sensitivity to sorafenib was evaluated via flow cytometry, Western blotting, and a CCK-8 assay. Results The results of qPCR and Western blotting showed that AQP3 was overexpressed in the Huh7 and HepG2 hypoxic cell models. Furthermore, AQP3 protein levels were positively correlated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) levels. Compared with cells transfected with lentivirus-GFP (Lv-GFP), hypoxic cells transfected with lentivirus-AQP3 (Lv-AQP3) were less sensitive to sorafenib-induced apoptosis. However, the sensitivity to the drug increased in cells transfected with lentivirus-AQP3RNAi (Lv-AQP3RNAi). Akt and Erk phosphorylation was enhanced in Lv-AQP3-transfected cells. Compared with UO126 (a Mek1/2 inhibitor), LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) attenuated the AQP3-induced insensitivity to sorafenib observed in hypoxic cells transfected with Lv-AQP3. Combined with LY294002-treated cells, hypoxic cells transfected with Lv-AQP3RNAi were more sensitive to sorafenib. Conclusion The study results show that AQP3 is a potential therapeutic target for improving the sensitivity of hypoxic HCC cells to sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kija Malale
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jili Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liewang Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuni Gan
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Kim JS, Choi H, Oh JM, Kim YH, Kim SW, Kim SW, Kim BG, Cho JH, Lee J, Lee DC. Effect of fluticasone propionate on human nasal fibroblasts exposed to urban particulate matter. Auris Nasus Larynx 2020; 47:415-424. [PMID: 31822346 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Particulate matter (PM), which contains organic compounds and toxic metals, is the major cause of air pollution. PM enters the body, causing various health problems. Although the effects of PM on the lower respiratory tract have been extensively investigated, the effects on the upper respiratory tract (including the nasal cavity) require further evaluation. To investigate the effect of fluticasone propionate (FP) on nasal fibroblasts exposed to UPM. METHODS Samples of inferior turbinate tissue were obtained from six patients. The fibroblasts isolated from these samples were exposed to UPM and/or FP. The expression of interleukin (IL)-6, CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 1, IL-1β, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in nasal fibroblasts was analysed using real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The protein levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were analysed by western blotting. RESULTS FP reversed the UPM-induced reduction in cell viability. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, CXCL1, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly increased by UPM. FP reversed the UPM-induced increases in the protein levels of NF-κB and phosphorylated-STAT3 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, TNF-α, an inducer of NF-κB, reversed the FP-induced reduction in the levels of signalling molecules. CONCLUSION UPM induces the expression of IL-6, CXCL1, IL-1β, and TNF-α in nasal fibroblasts and this effect is reversed by FP via the STAT3 and NF-κB signalling pathways. These results suggest that FP has therapeutic potential for nasal diseases related to UPM, such as allergic and chronic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Choi
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Oh
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Whan Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Guk Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chang Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Oosterloo BC, van't Land B, de Jager W, Rutten NB, Klöpping M, Garssen J, Vlieger AM, van Elburg RM. Neonatal Antibiotic Treatment Is Associated With an Altered Circulating Immune Marker Profile at 1 Year of Age. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2939. [PMID: 31998285 PMCID: PMC6970186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neonatal antibiotics disturb the developing gut microbiome and are therefore thought to influence the developing immune system, but exact mechanisms and health consequences in later life still need to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated whether neonatal antibiotics influence inflammatory markers at 1 year of age. In addition, we determined whether health problems during the first year of life, e.g., allergic disorders (eczema and wheezing) or infantile colics, were associated with changes in the circulating immune marker profile at 1 year of age. Methods: In a subgroup (N = 149) of the INCA-study, a prospective birth-cohort study, a blood sample was drawn from term born infants at 1 year of age and analyzed for 84 immune related markers using Luminex. Associations of antibiotic treatment, eczema, wheezing, and infantile colics with immune marker concentrations were investigated using a linear regression model. The trial is registered as NCT02536560. Results: The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the first week of life, was significantly associated with different levels of inflammatory markers including sVCAM-1, sCD14, sCD19, sCD27, IL-1RII, sVEGF-R1, and HSP70 at 1 year of age. Eczema was associated with decreased concentrations of IFNα, IFNγ, TSLP, CXCL9, and CXCL13, but increased concentrations of CCL18 and Galectin-3. Wheezing, independent of antibiotic treatment, was positively associated to TNF-R2 and resistin. Infantile colics were positively associated to IL-31, LIGHT, YKL-40, CXCL13, sPD1, IL1RI, sIL-7Ra, Gal-1, Gal-9, and S100A8 at 1 year of age, independent of early life antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: In this explorative study, we identified that neonatal antibiotics are associated with immunological alterations at 1 year of age and that, independent of the antibiotic treatment, infantile colics were associated with alterations within gut associated markers. These findings support the importance of the first host microbe interaction in early life immune development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthe C. Oosterloo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Belinda van't Land
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wilco de Jager
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nicole B. Rutten
- St. Antonius Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Margot Klöpping
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arine M. Vlieger
- St. Antonius Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Ruurd M. van Elburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Kim JH, Kim SS, Kim YI, Jung SY, Kim SH, Yeo SG. Decreased Aquaporin 4 and 6 mRNAs in Patients With Chronic Otitis Media With Otorrhea. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 12:267-272. [PMID: 30518172 PMCID: PMC6635716 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2018.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins engaged in the modulation of water homeostasis, but the roles they play in chronic otitis media (COM) have not been well investigated. Accordingly, we undertook document relations between the mRNA expressions of AQPs and COM, and explored the relation between these expressions and otorrhea, which is one of the most common symptoms of COM. Methods Levels of the mRNAs of AQP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 were assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in inflammatory tissue samples from 81 patients with COM with or without otorrhea. Relationships between AQP mRNA levels and the presence or absence of otorrhea, the presence or absence of bacteria, hearing threshold levels, types of hearing loss, and clinical manifestations were also evaluated. Results AQP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 mRNAs were expressed in inflammatory tissues obtained from all 81 patients with COM with or without otorrhea. AQP 5 mRNA was most expressed in, followed in descending order by AQP 3, 1, 10, 6, 8, 2, and 4. There were no significant intergroup differences in terms of age, sex, duration of illness, levels of hearing loss in both ears, or incidences of conductive or sensorineural hearing loss. However, AQP 4 (P=0.035) and 6 (P=0.085) mRNA levels were significantly lower in the otorrhea group. In addition, bacteria culture positivity (P=0.014) and the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (P=0.020) were higher in the otorrhea group. Conclusion AQP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 are involved in the development of COM. Specifically, it shows reductions in AQP 4 and 6 mRNA levels, as observed in the otorrhea group, have an effect on the clinical manifestations of COM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung Su Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, BK-21, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Young Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jung SY, Kim SS, Kim YI, Kim HS, Kim SH, Yeo SG. Expression of aquaporins mRNAs in patients with otitis media. Acta Otolaryngol 2018; 138:701-707. [PMID: 29607712 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2018.1447685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the associations between measured levels of aquaporin (AQP) mRNAs and clinical manifestations in patients with various types of otitis media (OM). METHODS AQP1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 mRNA levels were assayed by real-time PCR from 57 patients with chronic otitis media (COM), 24 patients with cholesteatomatous otitis media (choleOM), and 82 patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). The relationships of these mRNA levels with the presence of bacteria, the type of hearing loss, and clinical manifestations of OM types were evaluated. RESULTS All eight AQP mRNAs were expressed in inflammatory tissue, chole matrix, and effusion fluid obtained from all 163 patients with OM. The levels in OME of AQP2, 4, 6, and 10 mRNA; and the levels in choleOM of AQP1, 3, 4, and 10 mRNA were elevated significantly compared to the corresponding levels in COM (p < .05). The expression level of AQP8 mRNA did not differ among OM types. Among samples positive for bacterial culture, AQP1 mRNA was significantly higher in OME than in COM and choleOM, AQP5 mRNA was significantly lower in OME than in COM and choleOM, and AQP10 mRNA was significantly higher in OME and choleOM than in COM (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The levels of expression of AQP mRNA are associated with the pathophysiology of OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Young Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Su Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Science, Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Hoon KS, Gu KM, Seon SH, Su KS, Il KY, Geun YS. Lower Beclin-1 mRNA Levels in Pediatric Compared With Adult Patients With Otitis Media With Effusion. J Int Adv Otol 2018; 14:48-52. [PMID: 29764778 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2018.4481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of otitis media with effusion (OME) remains unclear, particularly regarding the difference between pediatric and adult patients. The present study analyzed the expression levels of autophagy-associated mRNAs in effusion fluids obtained from pediatric and adult patients with OME. MATERIALS AND METHODS Middle ear fluid samples were collected from 76 pediatric patients and 41 adult patients with OME, and the levels of mRNAs encoding autophagy-related genes were measured using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The relationships between the levels of autophagy-associated mRNAs and the frequency of ventilation tube insertion, the characteristics of middle ear fluid, and the results of bacterial culture were analyzed. RESULTS Autophagy-associated mRNAs were present in the effusion fluid of all patients. The level of Beclin-1 mRNA was significantly lower in pediatric than in adult patients, regardless of the frequency of surgery or fluid characteristics (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Autophagy-associated mRNAs were expressed in effusion fluids of both pediatric and adult patients with OME. However, the level of Beclin-1 mRNA was significantly lower in the effusion fluid of pediatric than adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Sang Hoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Myung Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shim Haeng Seon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Sung Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Young Il
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Seung Geun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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A Review: Expression of Aquaporins in Otitis Media. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102164. [PMID: 29039751 PMCID: PMC5666845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) refers to inflammatory diseases of the middle ear (ME), regardless of cause or pathological mechanism. Among the molecular biological studies assessing the pathology of OM are investigations of the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the ME and Eustachian tube (ET). To date, fifteen studies have evaluated AQPs expression in the ME and ET. Although the expression of individual AQPs varies by species and model, eleven types of AQP, AQP1 to AQP11, were found to be expressed in mammalian ME and ET. The review showed that: (1) various types of AQPs are expressed in the ME and ET; (2) AQP expression may vary by species; and (3) the distribution and levels of expression of AQPs may depend on the presence or absence of inflammation, with variations even in the same species and same tissue. Fluid accumulation in the ME and ET is a common pathological mechanism for all types of OM, causing edema in the tissue and inducing inflammation, thereby possibly involving various AQPs. The expression patterns of several AQPs, especially AQP1, 4 and 5, were found to be altered in response to inflammatory stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting that AQPs may have immunological functions in OM.
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Kim SH, Han SH, Byun JY, Park MS, Kim YI, Yeo SG. Expression of C-type lectin receptor mRNA in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Acta Otolaryngol 2017; 137:581-587. [PMID: 28440726 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2016.1269196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS The levels of expression of various C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) messenger ribo nucleic acids (mRNAs) were significantly higher in cholesteatomas than in normal skin, suggesting that these CLRs may be involved in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. OBJECTIVES Altered expression of pattern recognition receptors may be associated with immune responses in patients with cholesteatoma. This study assessed the levels of expression of CLR mRNAs in normal skin and in cholesteatoma. METHODS Cholesteatoma specimens were obtained from 38 patients with acquired cholesteatoma. The levels of expression of various CLR mRNAs were assessed quantitatively using real-time RT-PCR (Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and correlated with age, sex, the presence of bacteria, hearing level, frequency of surgery, and degree of ossicle destruction. RESULTS The levels of CD206 (cluster of differentiation 206), DEC-205 (Dendritic and epithelial cell-205), MGL (monoacylglycerol lipase), CLEC5A (C-type lectin domain family 5 member A), Dectin-2 (dendrite cell-associated C-type lectin-2), BDCA2 (Blood dendritic cell antigen 2), Mincle, DCIR (dendritic cell immunoreceptor), Dectin-1, MICL (Myeloid inhibitory C type-like lectin), and CLEC12B (C-type lectin domain family 12, member B) mRNAs were significantly higher in cholesteatoma than in control skin samples (p < 0.05). The levels of CLEC5A (C-type lectin domain family 5 member) and Dectin-1 mRNAs were significantly higher in cholesteatomas with ≥2 than ≤1 destroyed ossicles (p < 0.05), and the levels of MGL, Mincle, Dectin-1, and CLEC12B mRNAs were significantly higher in recurrent than initial cholesteatoma specimens (p < 0.05). The level of CLEC5A mRNAs was significantly higher in patients with severe than mild-to-moderate hearing loss (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Han
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Byun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Suh Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Kwon OE, Park SH, Kim SS, Shim HS, Kim MG, Kim YI, Kim SH, Yeo SG. Increased IL-17 and 22 mRNA expression in pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 90:188-192. [PMID: 27729129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Middle ear effusion has been reported to be associated with immune responses in patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). Although various cytokines are involved in immunologic responses in patients with OME, no study to date has assessed the involvement of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22. This study analyzed the levels of expression of IL-17 and IL-22 in the middle ear effusion of patients with OME. METHODS Patients aged <11 years who were diagnosed with chronic OME and underwent ventilation tube insertion from May 2013 to August 2015 were enrolled. Effusion fluid samples were obtained during surgery and levels of IL-17 and IL-22 mRNAs assessed by real-time PCR. IL-17 and IL-22 mRNA levels were compared in patients with effusion fluid positive and negative for bacteria; in patients with and without accompanying diseases, recurrent disease, and re-operation; and relative to fluid characteristics. RESULTS The study cohort included 70 pediatric patients, 46 boys and 24 girls, of mean age 4.31 ± 2.11 years. The levels of IL-17 and IL-22 mRNA were higher in patients with than without sinusitis, but only IL-22 mRNA levels differed significantly (p < 0.05). The level of IL-17 mRNA was significantly higher in patients who did than did not undergo T&A (p < 0.05). The level of IL-22 expression was significantly higher in mucoid and purulent middle ear fluid samples than in serous fluid samples (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION IL-17 and IL-22 mRNAs are involved in the pathophysiology of OME and are significantly higher in subjects with than without accompanying diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Eun Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Su Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, BK-21, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
| | - Haeng Seon Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Min Gyeong Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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