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Behera C, Kaur Sandha K, Banjare N, Kumar Shukla M, Mudassir Ali S, Singh M, Gupta PN. Biodegradable nanocarrier of gemcitabine and tocopherol succinate synergistically ameliorates anti-proliferative response in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123599. [PMID: 37992978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is an important chemotherapeutic agent used alone or in combination with other anticancer agents for the treatment of various solid tumors. In this study, the potential of a dietary supplement, α-tocopherol succinate (TOS) was investigated in combination with GEM by utilizing human serum albumin-based nanoparticles (HSA NPs). The developed nanoparticles were characterized using DLS, SEM and FTIR and evaluated in a panel of cell lines to inspect cytotoxic efficacy. The ratio metric selected combination of the NPs was further investigated in human pancreatic cancer cell line (MIA PaCa-2 cells) to assess the cellular death mechanism via a myriad of biochemical and bio-analytical assays including nuclear morphometric analysis by DAPI staining, ROS generation, MMP loss, intracellular calcium release, in vitro clonogenic assay, cell migration assay, cell cycle analysis, immunocytochemical staining followed by western blotting, Annexin V-FITC and cellular uptake studies. The desolvation-crosslinking method was used to prepare the NPs. The average size of TOS-HSA NPs and GEM-HSA NPs was found to be 189.47 ± 5 nm and 143.42 ± 7.4 nm, respectively. In combination, the developed nanoparticles exhibited synergism by enhancing cytotoxicity in a fixed molar ratio. The selected combination also significantly triggered ROS generation and mitochondrial destabilization, alleviated cell migration potential and clonogenic cell survival in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Further, cell cycle analysis, Annexin-V FITC assay and caspase-3 activation, up regulation of Bax and down regulation of Bcl-2 protein confirmed the occurrence of apoptotic event coupled with the G0/G1 phase arrest. Nanocarriers based this combination also offered approximately 14-folds dose reduction of GEM. Overall, the combined administration of TOS-HSA NPs and GEM-HSA NPs showed synergistic cytotoxicity accompanied with dose reduction of the gemcitabine. These encouraging findings could have implication in designing micronutrient based-combination therapy with gemcitabine and demands further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Behera
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur Sandha
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nagma Banjare
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Monu Kumar Shukla
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Syed Mudassir Ali
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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2
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Huang H, Hou Y, Chen L, He W, Wang X, Zhang D, Hu J. Multifunctional gallic acid self-assembled hydrogel for alleviation of ethanol-induced acute gastric injury. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123372. [PMID: 37716487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol-induced acute gastric injury is a prevalent type of digestive tract ulcer, yet conventional treatments strategies frequently encounter several limitations, such as poor bioavailability, degradation of enzymes and adverse side effects. Gallic acid (GA), a natural compound extracted from dogwood, has demonstrated potential protective effects in mitigating acute gastric injury. However, its poor stability and limited bioavailability have restricted applications in vivo. To address these issues, we report a hydrogel constructed only by gallic acid with high bioavailability for alleviation of gastric injury. Molecular dynamic simulation studies revealed that the self-assembly of GA into hydrogel was predominantly attributed to π-π and hydrogen bonds. After assembling, the GA hydrogel exhibits superior anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory properties compared with free GA. As anticipated, in vitro experiments demonstrated that GA hydrogel possessed the remarkable ability to promote the proliferation of GES-1 cells, and alleviates apoptosis and inflammation caused by ethanol. Subsequent in vivo investigation further confirmed that GA hydrogel significantly alleviated ethanol-triggered acute gastric injury. Mechanistically, GA hydrogel treatment enhanced the antioxidant capacity, reduced oxidative stress while simultaneously suppressing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced the production of pro-apoptotic proteins during the process of gastric injury. Our finding suggest that this multifunctional GA hydrogel is a promising candidate for gastric injury, particularly in cases of ethanol-induced acute gastric injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Huang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yiyang Hou
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Lihang Chen
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wanying He
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xinchuang Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiangning Hu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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3
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Li N, Yan X, Huang W, Chu M, Dong Y, Song H, Peng Y, Shi J, Liu Q. Curcumin protects against the age-related hearing loss by attenuating apoptosis and senescence via activating Nrf2 signaling in cochlear hair cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115575. [PMID: 37334787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a most widespread neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly population, but effective pharmacological treatments remain limited. Curcumin is a bioactive compound of Curcuma longa with antioxidant properties. Herein, we looked into the effects of curcumin on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in cochlear hair cells and hearing function in an ARHL animal model (C57BL/6J mice). We found that pretreatment of curcumin could attenuate H2O2-induced apoptosis and cell senescence in auditory hair cells and prevent mitochondrial function dysfunction. More specifically, Western blot and luciferase activity assay showed that curcumin activated the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which in turn triggered the activation of its downstream target gene Heme Oxygenase1 (HO-1). The enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 activity by curcumin was blocked by the AKT inhibitor LY294002, indicating the protective effect of curcumin was mainly achieved by activating Nrf2/HO-1 through the AKT pathway. Furthermore, the knockdown of Nrf2 with siRNA diminished the protective effects of Nrf2 against apoptosis and senescence, consolidating the pivotal role of Nrf2 in the protective effect of curcumin on auditory hair cells. More importantly, curcumin (10 mg/kg/d) could attenuate progressive hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice, as evident from the reduced threshold of auditory nerve brainstem response. Administration of curcumin also elevated the expression of Nrf2 and reduced the expression of cleaved-caspase-3, p21, and γ-H2AX in cochlear. This study is the first to demonstrate that curcumin can prevent oxidative stress-induced auditory hair cell degeneration through Nrf2 activation, highlighting its potential therapeutic value in preventing ARHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xirui Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiling Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chu
- Experimental Teaching Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Experimental Teaching Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinting Peng
- Experimental Teaching Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Mandil R, Prakash A, Rahal A, Koli S, Kumar R, Garg SK. Evaluation of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper and flubendiamide: amelioration by antioxidants in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:232-252. [PMID: 37125329 PMCID: PMC10141782 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Present study was designed to evaluate toxic effects of copper (Cu) (@ 33 mg/kg b.wt.) and flubendimide (Flb) (@ 200 mg/kg b.wt.) alone and/or in combination on blood-biochemical indices, oxidative stress, and drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in vivo in male Wistar rats following oral exposure continuously for 90 days and their immunotoxic (cyto-genotoxic and apoptotic) potential in vitro on thymocytes. In in vivo study, ameliorative potential of α-tocopherol was assessed, whereas α-tocopherol, curcumin, resveratrol, and catechin were evaluated for protective effect in vitro. Significantly (P < 0.05) increased AST activity and increment in total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, and BUN levels; however, reduction in total protein, GSH content, reduced activities of SOD and GST, and increased lipid peroxidation and GPx activity with severe degenerative changes in histopathological examination of liver and kidney in group of Cu and Flb were observed. Treatment with α-tocopherol improved biochemical variables, redox status, and histoarchitecture of liver and kidney tissues. Reduced hepatic CYP450, CYPb5, APH, UGT, and GST activities observed in both Cu and α-tocopherol alone and their combination groups, whereas significant increment in Flb alone, while α-tocopherol in combination with xenobiotics improved the activities of hepatic DMEs. Primary cell culture of thymocytes (106 cells/ml) exposed to Cu and Flb each @ 40 μM increased TUNEL+ve cells, micronuclei induction, DNA shearing, and comet formation establishes their apoptotic and genotoxic potential, whereas treatment with antioxidants showed concentration-dependent significant reduction and their order of potency on equimolar concentration (10 μM) basis is: curcumin > resveratrol > catechin = α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mandil
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Atul Prakash
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Anu Rahal
- Central Institute for Research on Goat (CIRG), Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura 281122, India
| | - Swati Koli
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidyalay Evam Go- Anushandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Near Civil Line, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Satish K Garg
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
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Review on the Antioxidant Activity of Phenolics in o/w Emulsions along with the Impact of a Few Important Factors on Their Interfacial Behaviour. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review paper focuses on the antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds in oil in water (o/w) emulsion systems. The authors first provide an overview of the most recent studies on the activity of common, naturally occurring phenolic compounds against the oxidative deterioration of o/w emulsions. A screening of the latest literature was subsequently performed with the aim to elucidate how specific parameters (polarity, pH, emulsifiers, and synergistic action) affect the phenolic interfacial distribution, which in turn determines their antioxidant potential in food emulsion systems. An understanding of the interfacial activity of phenolic antioxidants could be of interest to food scientists working on the development of novel food products enriched with functional ingredients. It would also provide further insight to health scientists exploring the potentially beneficial properties of phenolic antioxidants against the oxidative damage of amphiphilic biological membranes (which link to serious pathologic conditions).
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6
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Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Apoptosis and Ferroptosis in Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity via the Reduction of Intracellular Lipid Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810981. [PMID: 36142894 PMCID: PMC9504145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) is a potent antioxidant that can prevent apoptosis associated with cisplatin-induced ototoxicity through ROS. Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent cell death pathway that has recently been highlighted and is associated with the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) due to an inflammatory process. Herein, we investigated the impact of α-LA on ferroptosis and analyzed the characteristics of LDs in auditory hair cells treated with cisplatin using high-resolution 3D quantitative-phase imaging with reconstruction of the refractive index (RI) distribution. HEI-OC1 cells were treated with 500 μM α-LA for 24 h and then with 15 μM cisplatin for 48 h. With 3D optical diffraction tomography (3D-ODT), the RI values of treated cells were analyzed. Regions with high RI values were considered to be LDs and labelled to measure the count, mass, and volume of LDs. The expression of LC3-B, P62, GPX4, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and xCT was evaluated by Western blotting. HEI-OC1 cells damaged by cisplatin showed lipid peroxidation, depletion of xCT, and abnormal accumulation of 4-HNE. Additionally, the count, mass, and volume of LDs increased in the cells. Cells treated with α-LA had inhibited expression of 4-HNE, while the expression of xCT and GPX4 was recovered, which restored LDs to a level that was similar to that in the control group. Our research on LDs with 3D-ODT offers biological evidence of ferroptosis and provides insights on additional approaches for investigating the molecular pathways.
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7
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Khan A, Naaz F, Basit R, Das D, Bisht P, Shaikh M, Lone BA, Pokharel YR, Ahmed QN, Parveen S, Ali I, Singh SK, Chashoo G, Shafi S. 1,2,3-Triazole Tethered Hybrid Capsaicinoids as Antiproliferative Agents Active against Lung Cancer Cells (A549). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32078-32100. [PMID: 36119972 PMCID: PMC9476207 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of capsaicin and its structural isomer (new natural product hybrid capsaicinoid) were synthesized by exploiting one-/two-point modification of capsaicin without altering the amide linkage (neck). The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antiproliferative activity against an NCI panel of 60 cancer cell lines at a single dose of 10 μM. Most of the compounds have demonstrated reduced growth between 55 and 95%, whereas capsaicin (10) has shown reduced growth between 0 and 24%. Compounds showing more than 50% growth inhibition were further evaluated for the IC50 value. Among the cell lines tested, lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H460) were found to be more susceptible toward most of the synthesized compounds. Compounds 14g and 14j demonstrated good antiproliferative activity in NCI-H460 with IC50 values of 6.65 and 5.55 μM, respectively, while compounds 18b, 18c, 18f, and 18m demonstrated potential antiproliferative activity in A549 cell lines with IC50 values ranging between 2.9 and 10.5 μM. Among the compounds, compound 18f was found to demonstrate the best activity with an IC50 value of 2.91 μM against A549. Furthermore, 18f induces cell cycle arrest at the S-phase and disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing cell migration potential by inducing cellular apoptosis and higher ROS generation along with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in addition to surface and nuclear morphological alterations such as a reduction in the number and shrinkage of cells coupled with nuclear blabbing indicating the sign of apoptosis of A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Compound 18f has emerged as a lead molecule and may serve as a template for further discovery of capsaicinoid scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Fatima Naaz
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rafia Basit
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Deepak Das
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Piyush Bisht
- Faculty
of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian
University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Majeed Shaikh
- Natural
product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Lone
- Faculty
of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian
University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Faculty
of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian
University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Qazi Naveed Ahmed
- Natural
product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Faculty
of Science, Chemistry Department, Taibah
University, Yanbu Branch, Yanbu 46423, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Intzar Ali
- Department
of Microbiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Singh
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Gousia Chashoo
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
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8
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Implication of methylselenocysteine in combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine for improved anticancer efficacy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 176:106238. [PMID: 35714943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The limitations associated with cancer monotherapy including dose dependent toxicity and drug resistance can be addressed by combination chemotherapy. The combination of antineoplastic agents improves the cytotoxic activity in comparison to the single-agent based therapy in a synergistic or additive mode by reducing tumor growth as well as metastatic ability. In the present investigation, we explored the potential of methylselenocysteine (MSC) in combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM). The cytotoxic activity of GEM and MSC was determined in various cell lines and based on the activity, A549 cells were explored for the mechanistic studies including DAPI staining, measurement of oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, nitric oxide level, western blotting, cell migration and colony formation assays. A549 cells in combination treatment with MSC and GEM demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity with more irregular cellular morphology as well as chromatin condensation and nuclear blebbing. The selected combination also significantly triggered ROS generation and mitochondrial destabilization, and alleviated cell migration potential and clonogenic propensity of A549 cells. Also, caspase-3 and PARP mediated apoptosis was observed in the combination treated cells. MSC based drug combination could offer the attributes of improved drug delivery and there was a 6-folds dose reduction of GEM in combination. Further, antitumor study in Ehrlich solid tumor model showed the efficacy of MSC combination with GEM for the enhanced antitumor activity. The proposed combination demonstrated the potential for further translational studies.
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Behera C, Kour J, Banjare N, Verma PK, Chashoo G, Sawant SD, Gupta PN. Mechanistic investigation of synergistic interaction of tocopherol succinate with a quinoline-based inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:605-617. [PMID: 34468737 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer monotherapy is associated with various limitations; therefore, combination chemotherapy is widely explored for optimum drug efficacy. In this study, 4-(N-Phenyl-N'-substituted benzenesulfonyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl) quinoline-based mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor (IIIM-4Q) was investigated in combination with tocopherol succinate (TOS), and the mechanism of cytotoxicity was elucidated. METHODS The cytotoxic potential of IIIM-4Q and TOS was evaluated in five cell lines. Further, to understand the mechanism of cytotoxicity of IIIM-4Q, TOS and their combination, various studies including morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy and 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, estimation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), in-vitro cell migration assay, Western blotting and staining with acridine orange (AO) for autophagy detection were performed. KEY FINDINGS Investigated combination was synergistic in nature and exhibited greater oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic cancer cells. The migration potential of MIA PaCa-2 cells was significantly mitigated under the influence of this combination, and morphological changes such as chromatin condensation and nuclear blebbing were observed. Also, poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase cleavage and caspase-3 activation were observed in IIIM-4Q and TOS combination-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS The investigated combination synergistically inhibited proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells through simultaneous induction of autophagy followed by apoptosis, and this combination demonstrated potential for further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Behera
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Jaspreet Kour
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Nagma Banjare
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Praveen K Verma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Gousia Chashoo
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Dhas N, Kudarha R, Garkal A, Ghate V, Sharma S, Panzade P, Khot S, Chaudhari P, Singh A, Paryani M, Lewis S, Garg N, Singh N, Bangar P, Mehta T. Molybdenum-based hetero-nanocomposites for cancer therapy, diagnosis and biosensing application: Current advancement and future breakthroughs. J Control Release 2020; 330:257-283. [PMID: 33345832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the nanotechnology for cancer therapy. Even though molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)-based nanocomposites demonstrated extensive applications in biosensing, bioimaging, phototherapy, the review article focusing on MoS2 nanocomposite platform has not been accounted for yet. The review summarizes recent strategies on design and fabrication of MoS2-based nanocomposites and their modulated properties in cancer treatment. The review also discussed several therapeutic strategies (photothermal, photodynamic, immunotherapy, gene therapy and chemotherapy) and their combinations for efficient cancer therapy along with certain case studies. The review also inculcates various diagnostic techniques viz. magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging for diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Ritu Kudarha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Vivek Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Prabhakar Panzade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431133, India
| | - Shubham Khot
- Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra 411041, India
| | - Pinal Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Mitali Paryani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Priyanka Bangar
- Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Tejal Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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11
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Dheer D, Behera C, Singh D, Abdullaha M, Chashoo G, Bharate SB, Gupta PN, Shankar R. Design, synthesis and comparative analysis of triphenyl-1,2,3-triazoles as anti-proliferative agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Petridou AI, Zagora ET, Petridis P, Korres GS, Gazouli M, Xenelis I, Kyrodimos E, Kontothanasi G, Kaliora AC. The Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation in Patients with Tinnitus and Normal Hearing or Hearing Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E3037. [PMID: 31842394 PMCID: PMC6950042 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of any external stimulus. Oxidative stress is possibly involved in its pathogenesis and a variety of antioxidant compounds have been studied as potential treatment approaches. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of antioxidant supplementation in tinnitus patients. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients (N = 70) were randomly allocated to antioxidant supplementation (N = 35) or to placebo (N = 35) for a total of 3 months. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and nutritional data were collected. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), tinnitus loudness, frequency, and minimum masking level (MML), and scores in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory questionnaire (THI), Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were evaluated at baseline and follow-up. Tinnitus loudness and MML significantly decreased from baseline to post measure (p < 0.001) only in the antioxidant group, the overall change being significantly different between the two groups post-intervention (p < 0.001). THI and VAS decreased only in the antioxidant group. Differences in changes in serum TAC, SOD, and oxLDL post-intervention were insignificant. In conclusion, antioxidant therapy seems to reduce the subjective discomfort and tinnitus intensity in tinnitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Petridou
- 1st ENT Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.I.P.); (I.X.); (E.K.)
| | - Eleftheria T. Zagora
- ENT Department, General Hospital of Nikaia “Agios Panteleimon”, Nikaia, 18454 Athens, Greece; (E.T.Z.); (G.K.)
| | - Petros Petridis
- ENT Department, St. Johannes Hospital, 44137 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - George S. Korres
- 2nd ENT Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 12462 Chaidari, Greece;
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Xenelis
- 1st ENT Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.I.P.); (I.X.); (E.K.)
| | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- 1st ENT Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.I.P.); (I.X.); (E.K.)
| | - Georgia Kontothanasi
- ENT Department, General Hospital of Nikaia “Agios Panteleimon”, Nikaia, 18454 Athens, Greece; (E.T.Z.); (G.K.)
| | - Andriana C. Kaliora
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
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13
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Prasad KN, Bondy SC. Increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamate: Potential preventive and therapeutic targets for hearing disorders. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 185:111191. [PMID: 31765645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hearing disorders constitute one of the major health concerns in the USA. Decades of basic and clinical studies have identified numerous ototoxic agents and investigated their modes of action on the inner ear, utilizing tissue culture as well as animal and human models. Current preventive and therapeutic approaches are considered unsatisfactory. Therefore, additional modalities should be developed. Many studies suggest that increased levels of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and glutamate play an important role in the initiation and progression of damage to the inner ear leading to hearing impairments. To prevent these cellular deficits, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and antagonists of glutamate receptor have been used individually or in combination with limited success. It is essential, therefore, to simultaneously enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes by activating the Nrf2 (a nuclear transcriptional factor) pathway, dietary and endogenous antioxidant compounds, and B12-vitamins in order to reduce the levels of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and glutamate at the same time. This review presents evidence to show that increased levels of these cellular metabolites, biochemical or factors are involved in the pathogenesis of cochlea leading to hearing impairments. It presents scientific rationale for the use of a mixture of micronutrients that may decrease the levels of oxidative damage, chronic inflammation, and glutamate at the same time. The benefits for using oral administration of proposed micronutrient mixture in humans are presented. Animal and limited human studies indirectly suggest that orally administered micronutrients can accumulate in the inner ear. Therefore, this route of administration may be useful in prevention, and in combination with standard care, in improved management of hearing problems following exposure to well-recognized and studied ototoxic agents, such as noise, cisplatin, aminoglycoside antibiotics, and advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadar N Prasad
- Engage Global, 245 El Faisan Drive, San Rafael, CA, 94903, United States.
| | - Stephen C Bondy
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-1830, United States
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14
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Kınal ME, Tatlıpınar A, Uzun S, Keskin S, Tekdemir E, Özbeyli D, Akakın D. Investigation of Astaxanthin Effect on Cisplatin Ototoxicity in Rats by Using Otoacoustic Emission, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Histopathological Methods. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2019; 100:NP198-NP205. [PMID: 31558064 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319866826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is related to oxidative stress. Astaxanthin is one of the most powerful antioxidants in nature. AIMS/OBJECTIVES To investigate the protective effect of astaxanthin on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five Sprague Dawley female rats were divided into 5 groups: control, cisplatin, and cisplatin with 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg astaxanthin groups. Cisplatin group received a single intraperitoneal injection of 14 mg/kg cisplatin. While saline was administered in the control group, in the other 3 groups, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg daily doses of astaxanthin were administered through orogastric cannula before administration of cisplatin. Baseline and 10th day otoacoustic emission tests were administered. An intracardiac blood sample was taken to measure total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the cochleas of the animals were investigated histopathologically. RESULTS Hearing level of astaxanthin 40 mg/kg + cisplatin group was higher at 24 kHz and 32 kHz frequencies compared to the cisplatin group. The TAC value of the cisplatin group was lower than both the control and astaxanthin + cisplatin groups (P < .05). On histopathological examination, the other groups were deformed compared to the control group, but no statistically significant difference was observed between the astaxanthin + cisplatin and cisplatin groups. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Astaxanthin showed protective effect at high frequencies when it was administered at high dose. Thus, astaxanthin may have protective effect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emrah Kınal
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Clinic, 147011Health Science University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Tatlıpınar
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Clinic, 147011Health Science University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selami Uzun
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Clinic, 147011Health Science University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhan Keskin
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Clinic, 147011Health Science University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Tekdemir
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Clinic, 147011Health Science University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Özbeyli
- 52982Marmara University Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, 52982Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Leterme G, Guigou C, Oudot A, Collin B, Boudon J, Millot N, Geissler A, Belharet K, Bozorg Grayeli A. Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Delivery to the Cochlea Through Round Window by External Magnetic Field: Feasibility and Toxicity. Surg Innov 2019; 26:646-655. [PMID: 31478462 DOI: 10.1177/1553350619867217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) administered into the cochlea through the round window (RW) by an external magnetic field. Materials and Methods. In 5 Wistar rats, the left RW was punctured. SPIONs suspended in hyaluronic gel (5 mg/mL) were applied in the RW niche and covered by a muscle graft. The nanoparticles were mobilized using a rare earth magnet (0.54 T) held in 4 consecutive positions around the head. The right ear served as control. Hearing function was monitored by auditory brainstem responses (4-32 kHz tone bursts). Results. The auditory thresholds remained unchanged 1 month after the administration. The histological study of the cochleae showed that SPIONs were driven into the scala tympani in the basal turn, the second turn, and the apex. Conclusion. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles can be driven inside the cochlea toward the apex with a preserved hearing up to 1 month in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Leterme
- Otolaryngology Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,Laboratoire Imvia, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Guigou
- Otolaryngology Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,Laboratoire Imvia, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Bertrand Collin
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France.,ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Boudon
- Laboratoire ICB, UMR 6303 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Nadine Millot
- Laboratoire ICB, UMR 6303 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Audrey Geissler
- Plateforme d'imagerie cellulaire CellImaP, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Karim Belharet
- Laboratoire PRISME, HEI Campus Centre, Châteauroux, France
| | - Alexis Bozorg Grayeli
- Otolaryngology Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,Laboratoire Imvia, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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16
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Mizutani Y, Inase A, Maimaitili Y, Miyata Y, Kitao A, Matsumoto H, Kawaguchi K, Higashime A, Goto H, Kurata K, Yakushijin K, Minami H, Matsuoka H. An mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor, AZD2014, acts as a lysosomal function activator and enhances gemtuzumab ozogamicin-induced apoptosis in primary human leukemia cells. Int J Hematol 2019; 110:490-499. [PMID: 31286402 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), an anti-CD33 antibody linked to calicheamicin via an acid-labile linker, is the first antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). The acidic environment inside lysosomes of target cells is an important intracellular determinant of the cytocidal action of GO, as the linker is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions. However, lysosomal activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts in GO therapy has been insufficiently evaluated. It has been suggested that lysosome activity is suppressed in AML due to hyperactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. We therefore hypothesized that agents which activate lysosomal function would potentiate the cytotoxicity of GO. Here, we found that a clinically useful mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor, AZD2014, reduced pH in the acidic organelles, including lysosomes, as shown by increased LysoTracker fluorescent intensity, and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of GO in primary leukemia cells. GO-induced cytotoxicity appeared to be enhanced with the increase in lysosomal activity by AZD2014. These results indicate that AZD2014 activated lysosomal function in primary leukemia cells, which in turn enhanced the cytotoxicity of GO. Enhancement of lysosomal activity may represent a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of GO and other ADCs, particularly in cases with low lysosomal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mizutani
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Aki Inase
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yimamu Maimaitili
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Miyata
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Akihito Kitao
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Kawaguchi
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ako Higashime
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hideaki Goto
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Keiji Kurata
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Yakushijin
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuoka
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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17
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Hakiminia B, Goudarzi A, Moghaddas A. Has vitamin E any shreds of evidence in cisplatin-induced toxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22349. [PMID: 31115123 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the highly consumed and effective antitumor agents whose clinical application is accompanied by nephrotoxicity adverse reaction. Also, other complications such as ototoxicity and hepatotoxicity are a matter of concern. Today, it is suggested that cisplatin-associated toxicities are mainly induced by free radicals production, which will result in oxidative organ injury. The evidence is growing over the protective effects of antioxidants on cisplatin-induced adverse reactions especially nephrotoxicity. The possible protective effects of vitamin E and its derivative in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are reviewed here at the light of pertinent results from basic and clinical research. Administration of vitamin E alone or in combination with other antioxidant agents could cause amelioration in oxidative stress biomarkers such as decreasing the level of malondialdehyde, reducing serum urea and creatinine, and also enhancing the activities of renal antioxidant enzymes including renal catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase. Although the data from most of the studies are in favors of protective effects of vitamin E against cisplatin-induced toxicity, more clinical trials are needed to clarify the clinical importance of vitamin E administration as an antioxidant during cisplatin therapy in cancer condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hakiminia
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Moghaddas
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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18
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Musazzi UM, Franzé S, Cilurzo F. Innovative pharmaceutical approaches for the management of inner ear disorders. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:436-449. [PMID: 28462501 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The sense of hearing is essential for permitting human beings to interact with the environment, and its dysfunctions can strongly impact on the quality of life. In this context, the cochlea plays a fundamental role in the transformation of the airborne sound waves into electrical signals, which can be processed by the brain. However, several diseases and external stimuli (e.g., noise, drugs) can damage the sensorineural structures of cochlea, inducing progressive hearing dysfunctions until deafness. In clinical practice, the current pharmacological approaches to treat cochlear diseases are based on the almost exclusive use of systemic steroids. In the last decades, the efficacy of novel therapeutic molecules has been proven, taking advantage from a better comprehension of the pathological mechanisms underlying many cochlear diseases. In addition, the feasibility of intratympanic administration of drugs also permitted to overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of the systemic drug administration, opening new frontiers in drug delivery to cochlea. Several innovative drug delivery systems, such as in situ gelling systems or nanocarriers, were designed, and their efficacy has been proven in vitro and in vivo in cochlear models. The current review aims to describe the art of state in the cochlear drug delivery, highlighting lights and shadows and discussing the most critical aspects still pending in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto M Musazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo, 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Franzé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo, 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo, 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
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19
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Kiokias S, Proestos C, Oreopoulou V. Effect of Natural Food Antioxidants against LDL and DNA Oxidative Changes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100133. [PMID: 30282925 PMCID: PMC6211048 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical oxygen species formed in human tissue cells by many endogenous and exogenous pathways cause extensive oxidative damage which has been linked to various human diseases. This review paper provides an overview of lipid peroxidation and focuses on the free radicals-initiated processes of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidative modification and DNA oxidative damage, which are widely associated with the initiation and development of atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis, respectively. The article subsequently provides an overview of the recent human trials or even in vitro investigations on the potential of natural antioxidant compounds (such as carotenoids; vitamins C and E) to monitor LDL and DNA oxidative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilki Oreopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iron Politechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece.
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20
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Maimaitili Y, Inase A, Miyata Y, Kitao A, Mizutani Y, Kakiuchi S, Shimono Y, Saito Y, Sonoki T, Minami H, Matsuoka H. An mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitor enhances the cytotoxicity of gemtuzumab ozogamicin by activation of lysosomal function. Leuk Res 2018; 74:68-74. [PMID: 30300823 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), the first antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), has attracted the interest of hematologists because more than 90% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts express its target, CD33. Although GO and subsequently developed ADCs depend on lysosomes for activation, lysosome number and activity in tumor cells has not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether an mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitor, PP242, which was reported to activate lysosomal function, potentiates the cytotoxicity of GO in AML cells. Eight AML cell lines (U937, THP-1, SKM-1, SKK-1, SKNO-1, HL-60, MARIMO and KO52) were treated with GO and PP242. The cytotoxic effect of GO was enhanced by concurrent treatment with a non-cytotoxic concentration (500 nM) of PP242 in most cell lines, except MARIMO and KO52 cells. We then used LysoTracker to label acidic lysosomes in U937, THP-1, SKM-1, MARIMO and KO52 cells. LysoTracker fluorescence was dramatically increased by treatment with PP242 in U937, THP-1 and SKM-1 cells, and the intensified fluorescence was retained with PP242 + GO. In contrast, PP242 did not induce a significant increase in fluorescence in MARIMO cells, consistent with the lack of combinatory cytotoxicity. LysoTracker fluorescence was also increased by PP242 in KO52 cells, which have been reported to strongly express multidrug resistance (MDR). Further, PP242 suppressed GO-induced Chk1 activation and G2/M cell cycle arrest, which in turn triggered cell cycle promotion and cell death. These results indicate that inhibition of mTORC1/2 kinase by PP242 enhanced the cytotoxicity of GO by increasing lysosomal compartments and promoting the cell cycle via suppression of GO-induced Chk1 activation. This combination may represent an attractive new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimamu Maimaitili
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Aki Inase
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Miyata
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihito Kitao
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu Mizutani
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiji Kakiuchi
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Saito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Sonoki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuoka
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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21
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Martín-Saldaña S, Palao-Suay R, Aguilar MR, García-Fernández L, Arévalo H, Trinidad A, Ramírez-Camacho R, San Román J. pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against cisplatin-induced hearing loss. J Control Release 2017; 270:53-64. [PMID: 29197586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) based on smart synthetic amphiphilic copolymers are used to transport and controlled release dexamethasone in the inner ear to protect against the ototoxic effect of cisplatin. The NPs were based on a mixture of two pseudo-block polymer drugs obtained by free radical polymerization: poly(VI-co-HEI) and poly(VP-co-MVE) or poly(VP-co-MTOS), being VI 1-vinylimidazole, VP N-vinylpyrrolidone, and HEI, MVE and MTOS the methacrylic derivatives of ibuprofen, α-tocopherol and α-tocopheryl succinate, respectively. The NPs were obtained by nanoprecipitation with appropriate hydrodynamic properties, and isoelectric points that matched the pH of inflamed tissue. The NPs were tested both in vitro (using HEI-OC1 cells) and in vivo (using a murine model) with good results. Although the concentration of dexamethasone administered in the NPs is around two orders of magnitude lower that the conventional treatment for intratympanic administration, the NPs protected from the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin when the combination of the appropriate properties in terms of size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and isoelectric point were achieved. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that pH sensitive NPs are used to protect from cisplatin-induced hearing loss by intratympanic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martín-Saldaña
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Ear Research Group, Hospital UniversitarioPuerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Palao-Suay
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - María Rosa Aguilar
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain.
| | - Luis García-Fernández
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - Humberto Arévalo
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Trinidad
- Ear Research Group, Hospital UniversitarioPuerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Camacho
- Ear Research Group, Hospital UniversitarioPuerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio San Román
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
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Cystoseira algae (Fucaceae): update on their chemical entities and biological activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Koriem KMM, Arbid MS, Gomaa NE. Supplementation of α-Tocopherol Attenuates Minerals Disturbance, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Occurring in Favism. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 32:446-452. [PMID: 29062176 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The favism is a metabolic disease that characterized with an acute hemolytic anemia where α-tocopherol is a type of tocopherol accumulated inside the human body. The objective of such a study was established to evaluate the effect of α-tocopherol in favism disorders. A total of 75 human cases were divided into 5 groups as follow; group 1 normal cases without any treatment and group 2 normal cases orally administrated α-tocopherol (200 mg/kg) once a day over 30 days period. Group 3 favism patients without any treatment. Groups 4 and 5 favism patients orally administrated 100 and 200 mg α-tocopherol/kg, respectively once a day over 30 days period. The results obtained revealed that oral administration of α-tocopherol into normal cases over 30 days period did not induce any biological change. In favism, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cells, serum glucose, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, blood glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and serum calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium and chloride levels were significantly decreased. On the other hand, serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, selenium, zinc, manganese, copper and iron, malondialdehyde levels showed significant increase in favism. Supplementation with α-tocopherol into favism restores all the above mentioned parameters to approach the normal levels. Also, α-tocopherol has anti-apoptotic effect in favism. In conclusion, α-tocopherol attenuates minerals disturbance, oxidative stress and apoptosis occurring in favism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M M Koriem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box. 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Arbid
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nawal E Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Debele TA, Lee KY, Hsu NY, Chiang YT, Yu LY, Shen YA, Lo CL. A pH sensitive polymeric micelle for co-delivery of doxorubicin and α-TOS for colon cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5870-5880. [PMID: 32264220 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy through simultaneous delivery of two or more therapeutic agents using nanocarriers has emerged as an advanced tactic for cancer treatment. To ensure that two therapeutic agents can be co-delivered and rapidly release their cargo in tumor cells, a biocompatible pH-sensitive copolymer, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylamide-g-α-tocopheryl succinate-g-histidine) (abbreviated as PTH), was designed and synthesized. The PTH copolymers spontaneously self-assembled into micellar-type nanoparticles in aqueous solutions and are used for co-delivery of therapeutic agents, doxorubicin (Dox) and α-TOS. During micellization, π-π stacking occurred between Dox/α-TOS and imidazole rings of PTH copolymers inducing a regular and tight arrangement of copolymers and drugs to form rod-like micelles, thus efficiently increasing the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. The micelles enabled the rapid release of both Dox and α-TOS when the pH decreased from 7.4 to 4.5. The protein adsorption assay revealed that low amounts of IgG and BSA were adsorbed on the micelles. In vivo biodistribution demonstrated that the micelles could largely accumulate in the tumor tissues. Furthermore, drug-loaded micelles treated with HCT116 cancer cells exhibited higher cytotoxicity than normal cells, which confirmed that α-TOS exhibited a synergy effect with Dox towards cancer cells, while no recognizable side effects were observed during the treatment from organ function tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Ayane Debele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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Koo DY, Lee SH, Lee S, Chang J, Jung HH, Im GJ. Comparison of the effects of lipoic acid and glutathione against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in auditory cells. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 91:30-36. [PMID: 27863638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to examine lipoic acid (LA)- or glutathione (GSH)-mediated protection against cytotoxicity following cisplatin exposure in HEI-OC1 auditory cells and measure the potential of LA and GSH to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study also compares their protective effects and discusses the determination of a preventive or therapeutic dose. METHODS HEI-OC1 cells were pretreated with LA or GSH for 24 h and then exposed to 15 μM cisplatin for 48 h. The resulting cytotoxicity was measured using a cell counting kit-8, and intracellular ROS level was measured using flow cytometry. The protective or anti-ROS effects of LA and GSH were compared. Measurement of caspase 3, 8, 9 activity and Western blot analysis of PARP were performed. RESULTS Pretreatment with LA at 300 μM and GSH at 3 mM protected HEI-OC1 cells against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and significantly reduced the cisplatin-induced increase in ROS. LA showed a significantly more effective protection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity compared to that shown by GSH (85.4% vs. 73.1% cell viability). Both LA and GSH showed the maximal protective effect at different concentrations in normal or cisplatin-induced cytotoxic conditions. The preventive or therapeutic dose for harmful conditions is quite different for the two drugs and needs careful adjustments. CONCLUSION This comparative study on the protective effects of LA and GSH against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in an auditory cell line posed many challenges. Although LA and GSH showed a significant protective effect against cisplatin, the LA's effect was superior. The concentration at which the maximal protective effect of LA or GSH was noted was 3 times higher in cytotoxic conditions than in normal conditions, which suggests the need for drug dose adjustments based on the purpose (preventive or therapeutic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Yeob Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, South Korea.
| | - Se Hee Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, South Korea.
| | - SungHo Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, South Korea.
| | - Jiwon Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Inchon-ro 73, Seongbuk-Gu KR02841, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hak Hyun Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, South Korea.
| | - Gi Jung Im
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, South Korea.
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Grecco SS, Lorenzi H, Tempone AG, Lago JHG. Update: biological and chemical aspects of Nectandra genus (Lauraceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bacci C, Vanzo V, Frigo AC, Stellini E, Sbricoli L, Valente M. Topical tocopherol for treatment of reticular oral lichen planus: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Oral Dis 2016; 23:62-68. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Bacci
- Department of Neurosciences; Section of Clinical Dentistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - V Vanzo
- Department of Neurosciences; Section of Clinical Dentistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - AC Frigo
- Department of Neurosciences; Section of Clinical Dentistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - E Stellini
- Department of Neurosciences; Section of Clinical Dentistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - L Sbricoli
- Department of Neurosciences; Section of Clinical Dentistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - M Valente
- Department of Neurosciences; Section of Clinical Dentistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
- Department of Cardiac; Thoracic and Vascular Sciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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