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Maclean N, Davies P, Lewis S. Is prone positioning a valid intervention for ARDS in the deployed intensive care unit? BMJ Mil Health 2024:e002302. [PMID: 38569719 DOI: 10.1136/military-2022-002302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Prone positioning is an intervention used for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) whose hypoxia is worsening despite conventional treatment. Previously used infrequently, it became an important treatment escalation strategy for hypoxia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current evidence for prone positioning suggests increased survivability in intubated patients with moderate to severe ARDS who are prone for >12 hours a day. As a relatively low-cost, low-tech intervention with a growing evidence base, the viability of prone positioning in the deployed land environment is considered in this article. The practical technique of prone positioning is easy to teach to healthcare staff experienced in manual handling. However, it requires significant resources, in particular staff numbers, and time to execute and maintain, and necessitates a pressure-minimising mattress. Additionally, staff are placed at increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries and potential exposure to aerosolised microbes if there is a disconnection of the breathing system. We conclude that in the deployed 2/1/2/12 facility (or larger), with access to higher staff numbers and high-specification mattresses, prone positioning is a valid escalation technique for intubated hypoxic patients with ARDS. However, in smaller facilities where resources are constrained, its implementation is unlikely to be achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Davies
- Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, UK
- Joint Hosptial Group (South East), Frimley, UK
| | - S Lewis
- Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, UK
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2
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Abuter R, Allouche F, Amorim A, Bailet C, Berdeu A, Berger JP, Berio P, Bigioli A, Boebion O, Bolzer ML, Bonnet H, Bourdarot G, Bourget P, Brandner W, Cao Y, Conzelmann R, Comin M, Clénet Y, Courtney-Barrer B, Davies R, Defrère D, Delboulbé A, Delplancke-Ströbele F, Dembet R, Dexter J, de Zeeuw PT, Drescher A, Eckart A, Édouard C, Eisenhauer F, Fabricius M, Feuchtgruber H, Finger G, Förster Schreiber NM, Garcia P, Garcia Lopez R, Gao F, Gendron E, Genzel R, Gil JP, Gillessen S, Gomes T, Gonté F, Gouvret C, Guajardo P, Guieu S, Hackenberg W, Haddad N, Hartl M, Haubois X, Haußmann F, Heißel G, Henning T, Hippler S, Hönig SF, Horrobin M, Hubin N, Jacqmart E, Jocou L, Kaufer A, Kervella P, Kolb J, Korhonen H, Lacour S, Lagarde S, Lai O, Lapeyrère V, Laugier R, Le Bouquin JB, Leftley J, Léna P, Lewis S, Liu D, Lopez B, Lutz D, Magnard Y, Mang F, Marcotto A, Maurel D, Mérand A, Millour F, More N, Netzer H, Nowacki H, Nowak M, Oberti S, Ott T, Pallanca L, Paumard T, Perraut K, Perrin G, Petrov R, Pfuhl O, Pourré N, Rabien S, Rau C, Riquelme M, Robbe-Dubois S, Rochat S, Salman M, Sanchez-Bermudez J, Santos DJD, Scheithauer S, Schöller M, Schubert J, Schuhler N, Shangguan J, Shchekaturov P, Shimizu TT, Sevin A, Soulez F, Spang A, Stadler E, Sternberg A, Straubmeier C, Sturm E, Sykes C, Tacconi LJ, Tristram KRW, Vincent F, von Fellenberg S, Uysal S, Widmann F, Wieprecht E, Wiezorrek E, Woillez J, Zins G. A dynamical measure of the black hole mass in a quasar 11 billion years ago. Nature 2024; 627:281-285. [PMID: 38286342 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Tight relationships exist in the local Universe between the central stellar properties of galaxies and the mass of their supermassive black hole (SMBH)1-3. These suggest that galaxies and black holes co-evolve, with the main regulation mechanism being energetic feedback from accretion onto the black hole during its quasar phase4-6. A crucial question is how the relationship between black holes and galaxies evolves with time; a key epoch to examine this relationship is at the peaks of star formation and black hole growth 8-12 billion years ago (redshifts 1-3)7. Here we report a dynamical measurement of the mass of the black hole in a luminous quasar at a redshift of 2, with a look back in time of 11 billion years, by spatially resolving the broad-line region (BLR). We detect a 40-μas (0.31-pc) spatial offset between the red and blue photocentres of the Hα line that traces the velocity gradient of a rotating BLR. The flux and differential phase spectra are well reproduced by a thick, moderately inclined disk of gas clouds within the sphere of influence of a central black hole with a mass of 3.2 × 108 solar masses. Molecular gas data reveal a dynamical mass for the host galaxy of 6 × 1011 solar masses, which indicates an undermassive black hole accreting at a super-Eddington rate. This suggests a host galaxy that grew faster than the SMBH, indicating a delay between galaxy and black hole formation for some systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abuter
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - F Allouche
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - A Amorim
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CENTRA - Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Bailet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - A Berdeu
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - J-P Berger
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - P Berio
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - A Bigioli
- Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - O Boebion
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - M-L Bolzer
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - H Bonnet
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - G Bourdarot
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - P Bourget
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - W Brandner
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Cao
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - R Conzelmann
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - M Comin
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - Y Clénet
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - B Courtney-Barrer
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - R Davies
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - D Defrère
- Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Delboulbé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | | | - R Dembet
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - J Dexter
- Department of Astrophysical & Planetary Sciences, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - A Drescher
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - A Eckart
- Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Bonn, Germany
- 1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Édouard
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - F Eisenhauer
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - M Fabricius
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - H Feuchtgruber
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - G Finger
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | | | - P Garcia
- CENTRA - Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Garcia Lopez
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - F Gao
- Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Gendron
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - R Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
- Departments of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J P Gil
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Gillessen
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - T Gomes
- CENTRA - Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Gonté
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - C Gouvret
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - P Guajardo
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Guieu
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - W Hackenberg
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - N Haddad
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Hartl
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - X Haubois
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Haußmann
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - G Heißel
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
- Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Agency, TEC-SF, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Th Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Hippler
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S F Hönig
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Horrobin
- 1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Hubin
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - E Jacqmart
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - L Jocou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - A Kaufer
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Kervella
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - J Kolb
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - H Korhonen
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Lacour
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - S Lagarde
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - O Lai
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - V Lapeyrère
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - R Laugier
- Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - J Leftley
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - P Léna
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - S Lewis
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - D Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - B Lopez
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - D Lutz
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Y Magnard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - F Mang
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - A Marcotto
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - D Maurel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - A Mérand
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - F Millour
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - N More
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - H Netzer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H Nowacki
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - M Nowak
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Oberti
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - T Ott
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - L Pallanca
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Paumard
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - K Perraut
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - G Perrin
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - R Petrov
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - O Pfuhl
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - N Pourré
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - S Rabien
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - C Rau
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - M Riquelme
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - S Robbe-Dubois
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - S Rochat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - M Salman
- Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Sanchez-Bermudez
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - D J D Santos
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - S Scheithauer
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schöller
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - J Schubert
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - N Schuhler
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Shangguan
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | | | - T T Shimizu
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany.
| | - A Sevin
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - F Soulez
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - A Spang
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - E Stadler
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - A Sternberg
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Straubmeier
- 1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E Sturm
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - C Sykes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L J Tacconi
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | | | - F Vincent
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | | | - S Uysal
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - F Widmann
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - E Wieprecht
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - E Wiezorrek
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - J Woillez
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - G Zins
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
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Poojary PV, Sarkar S, Poojary AA, Mallya P, Selvaraj R, Koteshwara A, Aranjani JM, Lewis S. Novel anti-dandruff shampoo incorporated with ketoconazole-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles using green tea extract. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:563-575. [PMID: 37909853 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dandruff caused by Malassezia furfur is a prevailing fungal infection. Although ketoconazole (KTZ) is widely intended for anti-dandruff treatment, poor solubility, and epidermal permeability limits its use and the marketed KTZ shampoo adversely effects scalp and hair. OBJECTIVE To prepare a novel shampoo loaded with KTZ-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles using green tea extract and evaluate its antifungal activity. METHODS The KTZ-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles was prepared by green synthesis and was characterized by UV, FTIR, XRD, and the drug entrapment efficiency was investigated. The antifungal activity of the nanoparticles with respect to standard drug, KTZ was tested against Malassezia furfur. Further, a novel antidandruff shampoo was developed by incorporating the prepared nanoparticles into the shampoo base. RESULTS The formation of KTZ-coated ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by UV and FTIR analysis. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous phase of KTZ in nanoparticles. The drug entrapment efficiency was found to be 91.84%. The prepared nanoparticles showed enhanced activity against Malassezia furfur compared to drug of choice, KTZ (1%). The evaluation of shampoo showed an ideal result. CONCLUSION KTZ-coated ZnO nanoparticles loaded novel shampoo in comparison to marketed anti-dandruff shampoo could be an effective alternate for the treatment of dandruff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana V Poojary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Swohinee Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Adithi Ananda Poojary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Pooja Mallya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Ananthamurthy Koteshwara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Jesil Mathew Aranjani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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Abu Awwad D, Hill S, Lewis S, Jimenez YA. Infection prevention and control in CT Part 1: An Australian study of roles, responsibilities and practices. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:245-251. [PMID: 38035440 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The computed tomography (CT) suite presents Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) risks for staff and patients. This is the first of a two-part series on IPC in the CT setting and reports on Australian baseline data related to intravenous contrast media administration and the use of power injectors in the CT suite, including knowledge sources related to the delivery of contrast media. The second part provides insights into CT staff's perceptions of high-risk scenarios for non-adherence to standard or transmission-based precautions. METHODS The study employed an online survey design, directed at radiographers and radiology nurses working in Australia. The survey included questions relating to CT workplace staffing and equipment, contrast media use and occupational roles, and knowledge sources used for infection control and contrast injectors. RESULTS Overall, 160 study participants completed the survey (radiographers: n = 138, 86.3%; nurses: n = 22, 13.7%). Differences were identified between public and private practice. Public hospitals completed more contrast-enhanced scans, and with dual injecting systems, operated and cleaned by radiographers and nurses. Private clinics generally used single-system, power injectors. Radiographers and nurses relied heavily on their colleagues and product guidelines for IPC information. IPC teams were uncommon in private clinics, very common in public departments and 50% of respondents had undertaken IPC training in the last 12 months. CONCLUSION Insights into use and duties of professionals delivering intravenous contrast media administration using power injectors in the CT suite will help to inform decision-making processes on IPC education strategies and map risk. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE Future research should focus on how radiology workers in CT perceive IPC risk and/or might vary from best practice, which has direct clinical implications for safety if contamination, or incorrect information is routinely applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abu Awwad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, USA
| | - S Hill
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, USA
| | - S Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, USA. https://twitter.com/@SarahLewisUSYD
| | - Y A Jimenez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, USA.
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Jimenez YA, Hill S, Lewis S, Abu Awwad D. Infection prevention and control in CT Part 2: Radiographers' and radiology nurses' perceptions of high-risk scenarios contributing to non-adherence to IPC protocols. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:265-273. [PMID: 38035444 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to standard and transmission-based precautions in the computed tomography (CT) setting is central to effective infection prevention and control (IPC), yet there is limited evidence about medical imaging (MI) professionals' self-reported predictors of IPC breaches. This is the second of a two-part series on IPC in the CT setting. Part 1 reported on Australian baseline data relating to intravenous contrast media administration and power injectors. Part 2 presents Australian radiographers' and radiology nurses' perceptions of clinical situations that reduce adherence to standard and transmission-based precautions in CT. METHODS A self-administered survey was distributed to Australian radiographers and radiology nurses working in CT. Responses to an open-ended question "If I was to not adhere to the standard and transmission-based precautions in the CT department, it is most likely when …" was analysed using inductive coding for themes, followed by deductive analysis mapped to the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model. RESULTS Study participants (n = 136) were radiographers (n = 119; 87.5%) and nurses (n = 17; 12.5%). 'Four themes were derived from the inductive analysis: (1) high-risk working conditions, (2) compliance with good practice, (3) attitudes and practice, and (4) quality of communication. Deductive analysis, using the SEIPS domains revealed that predominant issues related to 'Tasks' (43.7%) and 'Organisation' (30.6%) followed by issues related to 'Person' (16.9%), 'Tools and technology' (6.9%) and 'Environment' (1.9%). CONCLUSION Multi-faceted pressures on radiology staff may compromise adherence to standard and transmission-based precautions in CT. Task difficulty, time pressures whilst undertaking tasks, and reduced staffing could lead to lower adherence to standard and transmission-based precautions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Future studies that focus on evaluation of 'Tasks' and 'Organisation' domains of the SEIPS model may provide further insights to non-adherence behaviours in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Jimenez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - S Hill
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. https://twitter.com/@SarahLewisUSYD
| | - D Abu Awwad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Susan Wakil Health Building (D18), Western Avenue, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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6
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Abstract
In drug development, conventional preclinical and clinical testing stages rely on cell cultures and animal experiments, but these methods may fall short of fully representing human biology. To overcome this limitation, the emergence of organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technology has sparked interest as a transformative approach in drug testing research. By closely replicating human organ responses to external signals, OOC devices hold immense potential in revolutionizing drug efficacy and safety predictions. This review focuses on the advancements, applications, and prospects of OOC devices in drug testing. Based on the latest advances in the field of OOC systems and their clinical applications, this review reflects the effectiveness of OOC devices in replacing human volunteers in certain clinical studies. This review underscores the critical role of OOC technology in transforming drug testing methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin R
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ayushi Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anne Boyina Sravani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Mallya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Harwood R, Bethell G, Eastwood MP, Hotonu S, Allin B, Boam T, Rees CM, Hall NJ, Rhodes H, Ampirska T, Arthur F, Billington J, Bough G, Burdall O, Burnand K, Chhabra S, Driver C, Ducey J, Engall N, Folaranmi E, Gracie D, Ford K, Fox C, Green P, Green S, Jawaid W, John M, Koh C, Lam C, Lewis S, Lindley R, Macafee D, Marks I, McNickle L, O’Sullivan BJ, Peeraully R, Phillips L, Rooney A, Thompson H, Tullie L, Vecchione S, Tyraskis A, Maldonado BN, Pissaridou M, Sanchez-Thompson N, Morris L, John M, Godse A, Farrelly P, Cullis P, McHoney M, Colvin D. The Blunt Liver and Spleen Trauma (BLAST) audit: national survey and prospective audit of children with blunt liver and spleen trauma in major trauma centres. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2023; 49:2249-2256. [PMID: 35727342 PMCID: PMC10520113 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-022-01990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the reported and observed management of UK children with blunt liver or spleen injury (BLSI) to the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) 2019 BLSI guidance. METHODS UK Paediatric Major Trauma Centres (pMTCs) undertook 1 year of prospective data collection on children admitted to or discussed with those centres with BLSI and an online questionnaire was distributed to all consultants who care for children with BLSI in those centres. RESULTS All 21/21 (100%) pMTCs participated; 131 patients were included and 100/152 (65%) consultants responded to the survey. ICU care was reported and observed to be primarily determined using haemodynamic status or concomitant injuries rather than injury grade, in accordance with APSA guidance. Bed rest was reported to be determined by grade of injury by 63% of survey respondents and observed in a similar proportion of patients. Contrary to APSA guidance, follow-up radiological assessment of the injured spleen or liver was undertaken in 44% of patients before discharge and 32% after discharge, the majority of whom were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS UK management of BLSI differs from many aspects of APSA guidance. A shift towards using clinical features to determine ICU admission and readiness for discharge is demonstrated, in line with a strong evidence base. However, routine bed rest and re-imaging after BLSI is common, contrary to APSA guidance. This disparity may exist due to concern that evidence around the incidence, presentation and natural history of complications after conservatively managed BLSI, particularly bleeding from pseudoaneurysms, is weak.
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Lemon M, Almutairi A, O'Connor M, Amin Y, Makanjee CR, Davidson R, Hayre CM, Lewis S. Radiographers' organisational commitment and occupational stress: First Covid-19 wave. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:1115-1120. [PMID: 37774578 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiographers, like many health professionals, are in a high-risk group for succumbing to workplace demands beyond their ability to cope, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in occupational stress. Occupational stress has been linked to poor organisational commitment. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate radiographers' organisational commitment and occupational stress after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A mixed method approach entailed data collected from purposively sampled Australian radiographers working during the first COVID-19 wave. The quantitative phase used an online commitment questionnaire, and 21 semi-structured individual virtual interviews were conducted in the qualitative phase. Data interpretation and analysis used statistical and thematic approaches. RESULTS The quantitative data revealed a higher level of continuance than affective and normative commitment. Whereas the qualitative findings showed participants high levels of affective commitment to their occupation and, together with leadership support, working collectively towards a positive outcome. CONCLUSION Despite the variety of occupational stressors that arose during the COVID-19 crisis, Australian radiographers enjoy a high level of occupational and organisational commitment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Radiographers' organisational commitment represents their emotional and psychological attachment to their workplace, and radiographers experiencing occupational stress represent high levels of psychosomatic distress and burnout. Therefore, considering radiographers' organisational commitment and occupational stress is essential in the delivery of services, quality of patient care and radiographers well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lemon
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra; University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - A Almutairi
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra; University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - M O'Connor
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra; University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - Y Amin
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra; University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - C R Makanjee
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra; University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - R Davidson
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra; University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - C M Hayre
- Department of Health and Care Professions, University of Exeter, England, UK; College of Medicine and Health, Room 1.32, South Cloisters, UK.
| | - S Lewis
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Johannesburg, DFC Campus, JOB 6306a, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Polikarpov M, Vila-Comamala J, Wang Z, Pereira A, van Gogh S, Gasser C, Jefimovs K, Romano L, Varga Z, Lång K, Schmeltz M, Tessarini S, Rawlik M, Jermann E, Lewis S, Yun W, Stampanoni M. Towards virtual histology with X-ray grating interferometry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9049. [PMID: 37270642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Diagnosing breast cancer relies on clinical examination, imaging and biopsy. A core-needle biopsy enables a morphological and biochemical characterization of the cancer and is considered the gold standard for breast cancer diagnosis. A histopathological examination uses high-resolution microscopes with outstanding contrast in the 2D plane, but the spatial resolution in the third, Z-direction, is reduced. In the present paper, we propose two high-resolution table-top systems for phase-contrast X-ray tomography of soft-tissue samples. The first system implements a classical Talbot-Lau interferometer and allows to perform ex-vivo imaging of human breast samples with a voxel size of 5.57 μm. The second system with a comparable voxel size relies on a Sigray MAAST X-ray source with structured anode. For the first time, we demonstrate the applicability of the latter to perform X-ray imaging of human breast specimens with ductal carcinoma in-situ. We assessed image quality of both setups and compared it to histology. We showed that both setups made it possible to target internal features of breast specimens with better resolution and contrast than previously achieved, demonstrating that grating-based phase-contrast X-ray CT could be a complementary tool for clinical histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Polikarpov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - J Vila-Comamala
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Z Wang
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - A Pereira
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S van Gogh
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Gasser
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Jefimovs
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - L Romano
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Z Varga
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Lång
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Unilabs Mammography Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Schmeltz
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Tessarini
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Rawlik
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - S Lewis
- Sigray Inc., Concord, CA, 94520, USA
| | - W Yun
- Sigray Inc., Concord, CA, 94520, USA
| | - M Stampanoni
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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O'Sullivan O, Barker-Davies RM, Thompson K, Bahadur S, Gough M, Lewis S, Martin M, Segalini A, Wallace G, Phillip R, Cranley M. Rehabilitation post-COVID-19: cross-sectional observations using the Stanford Hall remote assessment tool. BMJ Mil Health 2023; 169:243-248. [PMID: 34039689 PMCID: PMC8159670 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-001856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The multisystem COVID-19 can cause prolonged symptoms requiring rehabilitation. This study describes the creation of a remote COVID-19 rehabilitation assessment tool to allow timely triage, assessment and management. It hypotheses those with post-COVID-19 syndrome, potentially without laboratory confirmation and irrespective of initial disease severity, will have significant rehabilitation needs. METHODS Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients referred by general practitioners (April-November 2020). Primary outcomes were presence/absence of anticipated sequelae. Binary logistic regression was used to test association between acute presentation and post-COVID-19 symptomatology. RESULTS 155 patients (n=127 men, n=28 women, median age 39 years, median 13 weeks post-illness) were assessed using the tool. Acute symptoms were most commonly shortness of breath (SOB) (74.2%), fever (73.5%), fatigue (70.3%) and cough (64.5%); and post-acutely, SOB (76.7%), fatigue (70.3%), cough (57.4%) and anxiety/mood disturbance (39.4%). Individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were 69% and 63% less likely to have anxiety/mood disturbance and pain, respectively, at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Rehabilitation assessment should be offered to all patients suffering post-COVID-19 symptoms, not only those with laboratory confirmation and considered independently from acute illness severity. This tool offers a structure for a remote assessment. Post-COVID-19 programmes should include SOB, fatigue and mood disturbance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver O'Sullivan
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, LE12 5BL, UK
- Headquarters Army Medical Services (HQ AMS), Camberley, UK
| | - R M Barker-Davies
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, LE12 5BL, UK
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - K Thompson
- Headquarters Army Medical Services (HQ AMS), Camberley, UK
| | - S Bahadur
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - M Gough
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - S Lewis
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - M Martin
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - A Segalini
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - G Wallace
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - R Phillip
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - M Cranley
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
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Makanjee CR, Tsui JK, Treller M, Francis K, Issa A, Hayre C, Lewis S. Australian student radiographers' experiences and perspectives in general paediatric medical imaging examinations. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:604-609. [PMID: 37075490 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paediatric patients differ from adult patients with respect to anatomy, examination factors, behaviour, and intellectual development, requiring dedicated specialised knowledge and expertise. In the absence of a formal dedicated paediatric medical imaging subspecialty, this study undertook to understand student radiographers' experiences and perspectives on paediatric medical imaging. METHODS The study entailed a descriptive cross-sectional survey design entailed a 51-item closed and open-ended response questionnaire using a total sampling method. Data were collected from both under- and postgraduate student radiographers who undertook clinical placement. Data interpretation and analysis involved statistical analysis of close-ended questions and thematic analysis of open-ended questions. RESULTS The overall response rate was 70%. Most participants acknowledged the importance of dedicated paediatric content as well as the theory content covered. The shortcoming in pre-placement practical component was overcome through varied approaches like observations and attempting through supervision whilst experiencing uncertainty, anxiety and felt unfair to risk the patient. As reported in literature like their qualified counterparts expressed similar challenges in technique adaptation, styles of interactions in gaining cooperation from both the children and parents. They also felt paediatric content and the practicals should be embedded throughout the course offering to not compromise the day-to-day service delivery. CONCLUSIONS The study findings iterate the importance paediatric imaging in the service delivery context. The importance of undertaking these examinations reliant on experiential learning is insufficient to bridge the gap of preparation prior to placement. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Collaborative academic and clinical radiography education will ensure that radiography students' dedicated specialised paediatric imaging knowledge and experience are enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Makanjee
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - J K Tsui
- Canberra Imaging Group, Ground Floor, Calvary Bruce, Private Hospital, Mary Porter Circuit, Bruce, ACT, Australia.
| | - M Treller
- Queensland X-Ray, Level 2/164 Grey Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.
| | - K Francis
- Canberra Imaging Group, John James Healthcare Campus, Peter Yorke Building, 173 Strickland Cres, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia.
| | - A Issa
- Liverpool Hospital, Corner of Elizabeth and Goulburn Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
| | - C Hayre
- Department of Health and Care Professions, University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, Room 1.32, South Cloisters, England, UK.
| | - S Lewis
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, DFC Campus, JOB 6306a, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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12
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Makanjee CR, Allen M, Lee J, Gyawali J, Hayre C, Lewis S. Diagnostic radiography students' perspectives on cultural competence and safety. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29 Suppl 1:S96-S102. [PMID: 36935246 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cultural competency and safety are essential components to consider in the provision of person-centred equitable healthcare. Therefore, student radiographers' learning should include the necessary knowledge, skill sets and competence to recognise the patient's unique characteristics to enable culturally competent and safe medical imaging services. Therefore, this study explored undergraduate and postgraduate diagnostic radiography students' perspectives on cultural competency and safety. METHODS A qualitative phenomenological design with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach was followed to explore student perspectives. Student radiographers (second and third-year undergraduate and first and second-year postgraduate) from the study site were purposively and conveniently recruited to participate in focus group interviews. Fifteen focus group interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed verbatim before undergoing thematic analysis. RESULTS Thematic analysis identified two themes. Theme one centred around the cultural competence and safety learnt by student radiographers at university and the second theme cultural competence and safety learnt in workplace learning. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the importance of cultural competence and safe practice in examining patients of different cultures. It highlights the importance of creating awareness among students of their own abilities and capabilities of cultural sensitivity and safe practice as part of their learning. Future health professionals should be empowered to address and respond to patients' unique needs in a competent, safe and professional manner to reduce health disparities. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Cultural competence and safety are integral to person-centred care. Including these concepts in radiography education is therefore vital to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Makanjee
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - M Allen
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - J Lee
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - J Gyawali
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - C Hayre
- Department of Health and Care Professions, University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, Room 1.32, South Cloisters, UK.
| | - S Lewis
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; University of Johannesburg, DFC Campus, JOB 6306a, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Sravani AB, Ghate V, Lewis S. Human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer and the less explored role of trace elements. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1026-1050. [PMID: 35467267 PMCID: PMC9898429 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is an aggressive type of cancer affecting women worldwide. Many affected individuals rely on smear tests for the diagnosis, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation for their treatment. However, due to a broad set of undesired results and side-effects associated with the existing protocols, the search for better diagnostic and therapeutic interventions is a never-ending pursuit. In the purview, the bio-concentration of trace elements (copper, selenium, zinc, iron, arsenic, manganese, and cadmium) is seen to fluctuate during the occurrence of cervical cancer and its progression from pre-cancerous to metastatic nature. Thus, during the occurrence of cervical cancer, the detection of trace elements and their supplementation will prove to be highly advantageous in developing diagnostic tools and therapeutics, respectively. This review provides a detailed overview of cervical cancer, its encouragement by human papillomavirus infections, the mechanism of pathology, and resistance. Majorly, the review emphasizes the less explored role of trace elements, their contribution to the growth and inhibition of cervical cancer. Numerous clinical trials have been listed, thereby providing a comprehensive reference to the exploration of trace elements in the management of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Boyina Sravani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vivek Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Li N, Al-Hakim R, Lewis S, Ferracane J, Campos L, Rugonyi S, Kaufman J. Abstract No. 96 Impact of Co-Axial Placement of Balloon-Expandable and Self-Expanding Stent on Crush Resistance in Vitro. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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Rahayel S, Tremblay C, Vo A, Lehéricy S, Arnulf I, Vidailhet M, Corvol JC, Study Group I, Gagnon JF, Postuma R, Montplaisir J, Lewis S, Matar E, Ehgoetz Martens K, Borghammer P, Knudsen K, Monchi O, Misic B, Dagher A. Brain atrophy in REM sleep behavior disorder is shaped by gene expression and structural connectivity. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lewis S, Cherk M, Nadebaum D, Haydon A. 239P Survival outcomes predicted by irAEs on 18F-FDG-PET in response to PD-1 antibody therapy in metastatic melanoma. Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Catford SR, Halliday J, Lewis S, O'Bryan MK, Handelsman DJ, Hart RJ, McBain J, Rombauts L, Amor DJ, Saffery R, McLachlan RI. The metabolic health of young men conceived using intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2908-2920. [PMID: 36166702 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the metabolic health of men conceived using ICSI different to that of IVF and spontaneously conceived (SC) men? SUMMARY ANSWER ICSI-conceived men aged 18-24 years, compared with SC controls, showed differences in some metabolic parameters including higher resting diastolic blood pressure (BP) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores, although the metabolic parameters of ICSI- and IVF-conceived singleton men were more comparable. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Some studies suggest that IVF-conceived offspring may have poorer cardiovascular and metabolic profiles than SC children. Few studies have examined the metabolic health of ICSI-conceived offspring. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This cohort study compared the metabolic health of ICSI-conceived men to IVF-conceived and SC controls who were derived from prior cohorts. Participants included 121 ICSI-conceived men (including 100 singletons), 74 IVF-conceived controls (all singletons) and 688 SC controls (including 662 singletons). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Resting systolic and diastolic BP (measured using an automated sphygmomanometer), height, weight, BMI, body surface area and fasting serum metabolic markers including fasting insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and HOMA-IR were compared between groups. Data were analysed using multivariable linear regression adjusted for various covariates including age and education level. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After adjusting for covariates, compared to 688 SC controls, 121 ICSI-conceived men had higher diastolic BP (β 4.9, 95% CI 1.1-8.7), lower fasting glucose (β -0.7, 95% CI -0.9 to -0.5), higher fasting insulin (ratio 2.2, 95% CI 1.6-3.0), higher HOMA-IR (ratio 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.6), higher HDLC (β 0.2, 95% CI 0.07-0.3) and lower hsCRP (ratio 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7) levels. Compared to 74 IVF-conceived singletons, only glucose differed in the ICSI-conceived singleton men (β -0.4, 95% CI -0.7 to -0.1). No differences were seen in the paternal infertility subgroups. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The recruitment rate of ICSI-conceived men in this study was low and potential for recruitment bias exists. The ICSI-conceived men, the IVF-conceived men and SC controls were from different cohorts with different birth years and different geographical locations. Assessment of study groups and controls was not contemporaneous, and the measurements differed for some outcomes (BP, insulin, glucose, lipids and hsCRP). WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These observations require confirmation in a larger study with a focus on potential mechanisms. Further efforts to identify whether health differences are due to parental characteristics and/or factors related to the ICSI procedure are also necessary. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Partnership Grant (NHMRC APP1140706) and was partially funded by the Monash IVF Research and Education Foundation. S.R.C. was supported through an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. R.J.H. is supported by an NHMRC project grant (634457), and J.H. and R.I.M. have been supported by the NHMRC as Senior and Principal Research Fellows respectively (J.H. fellowship number: 1021252; R.I.M. fellowship number: 1022327). L.R. is a minority shareholder and the Group Medical Director for Monash IVF Group, and reports personal fees from Monash IVF Group and Ferring Australia, honoraria from Ferring Australia and travel fees from Merck Serono and MSD and Guerbet; R.J.H. is the Medical Director of Fertility Specialists of Western Australia and has equity in Western IVF; R.I.M. is a consultant for and shareholder of Monash IVF Group and S.R.C. reports personal fees from Besins Healthcare and nonfinancial support from Merck outside of the submitted work. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Catford
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Halliday
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Lewis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M K O'Bryan
- The School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D J Handelsman
- The ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Andrology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - R J Hart
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - J McBain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Rombauts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash IVF Group Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D J Amor
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R I McLachlan
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash IVF Group Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Aminzadeh A, Arhatari BD, Maksimenko A, Hall CJ, Hausermann D, Peele AG, Fox J, Kumar B, Prodanovic Z, Dimmock M, Lockie D, Pavlov KM, Nesterets YI, Thompson D, Mayo SC, Paganin DM, Taba ST, Lewis S, Brennan PC, Quiney HM, Gureyev TE. Imaging Breast Microcalcifications Using Dark-Field Signal in Propagation-Based Phase-Contrast Tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2022; 41:2980-2990. [PMID: 35584078 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3175924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast microcalcifications are an important primary radiological indicator of breast cancer. However, microcalcification classification and diagnosis may be still challenging for radiologists due to limitations of the standard 2D mammography technique, including spatial and contrast resolution. In this study, we propose an approach to improve the detection of microcalcifications in propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography of breast tissues. Five fresh mastectomies containing microcalcifications were scanned at different X-ray energies and radiation doses using synchrotron radiation. Both bright-field (i.e. conventional phase-retrieved images) and dark-field images were extracted from the same data sets using different image processing methods. A quantitative analysis was performed in terms of visibility and contrast-to-noise ratio of microcalcifications. The results show that while the signal-to-noise and the contrast-to-noise ratios are lower, the visibility of the microcalcifications is more than two times higher in the dark-field images compared to the bright-field images. Dark-field images have also provided more accurate information about the size and shape of the microcalcifications.
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19
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Zaidman C, Proud C, McDonald C, Mason S, Guridi M, Wang S, Reid C, Darton E, Wandel C, Lewis S, Malhotra J, Griffin D, Potter R, Rodino-Klapac L, Mendell J. P.129 One-year data from ENDEAVOR, a phase 1b trial of delandistrogene moxeparvovec in boys with DMD. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Rodino-Klapac L, Pozsgai E, Lewis S, Griffin D, Meadows A, Lehman K, Church K, Reash N, Iammarino M, Sabo B, Alfano L, Lowes L, Neuhaus S, Li X, Mendell J. P.170 Safety, β-sarcoglycan expression, and functional outcomes from systemic gene transfer of bidridistrogene xeboparvovec in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2E/R4. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Smith B, Makanjee CR, Lee H, Hayre CM, Lewis S. Radiographers' experiences and perspectives of forensic imaging in Australia: A qualitative study. Radiography (Lond) 2022; 28:1110-1115. [PMID: 36095880 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Forensic imaging plays a pivotal role regarding medico-legal issues by investigating the cause(s) of injuries to living or deceased individuals. There is currently a gap in the literature on forensic imaging due to limited national and international guidelines, protocols and scope of duties and responsibilities of radiographers undertaking forensic imaging. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the gap by exploring the experiences and perspectives of radiographers on forensic imaging in Australia. METHODS A qualitative approach collected data from fifteen purposively sampled qualified Australian radiographers through individual in-depth interviews. The verbatim transcribed data were thematically analysed. RESULTS Two themes were identified: 1) Radiographers' experiences of forensic imaging; 2) Radiographers' perceptions of forensic imaging within the job scope of a qualified radiographer. CONCLUSIONS Participants' experiences of forensic imaging ranged from anxiety to a positive experience, and others posed ethical and situational dilemmas heightened by the lack of dedicated forensic imaging protocols. While some radiographers expressed that every radiographer should conduct forensic imaging, others felt it was not mandatory. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Radiographers' shared subjective experiences, thoughts and feelings provided insight into forensic imaging and the need for more significant support from educational and governing bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Smith
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - C R Makanjee
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - H Lee
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - C M Hayre
- Medical Imaging, University of Exeter, UK.
| | - S Lewis
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
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22
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Maxwell A, Chaudhari BB, Chaudhari P, Ananthamurthy K, Aranjani J, Moorkoth S, Ghate V, Lewis S. In vitro antibacterial activity and in vivo pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered Amikacin-loaded Liposomes for the management of bacterial septicaemia. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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23
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Murray R, Brain K, Britton J, Lewis S, Thorley R, Baldwin D, Quaife S, Chalitsios C, Alexandris P, Crosbie P, Copeland H, Quinn-Scoggins H, McCutchan G, Rogerson S, Parrott S, Wu Q, Gabe R, Neal R, Beeken R, Callister M. PL03.03 Personalised Smoking Cessation Support in a Lung Cancer Screening Programme: The Yorkshire Enhanced Stop Smoking Study (YESS). J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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24
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Nyantakyi A, Al-Hussini M, Ramsay J, Minhas S, Lewis S, Haddock L, Yap T. P-083 The incidence of sperm DNA damage in men with chronic reproductive health issues. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
What is the incidence of sperm DNA damage in men attending tertiary (urological) healthcare with long histories of infertility?
Summary answer
The majority of these men (95%), all with normal semen analyses had high levels of sperm DNA damage.
What is known already
Conventional semen analysis assesses sperm concentration, motility, and morphology but with a high degree of biological variability. Around 25% of men are given a diagnosis of unexplained infertility by normal semen analysis. The World Health Organisation (WHO) stated in 2021 that ‘clinically there is a growing awareness that chromosomal anomalies and gene mutations underlie a diverse spectrum of male infertility,’ so now recommends that sperm DNA is determined as an extended analysis. Sperm DNA damage occurs more often in infertile men and DNA damage is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss and decreased live birth rates following fertility treatment.
Study design, size, duration
A retrospective study of men attending a tertiary centre with productive failure had been offered a standard semen analysis and sperm DNA fragmentation using SpermComet technology.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Results from 148 men tested between April 2017 and September 2021 were recruited from a tertiary urological database in the UK. Alongside a semen analysis, they also had a sperm DNA fragmentation test.
Sperm DNA quality for the participants was assessed and reported as average, low and high DNA damage as a percentage compared with clinical thresholds used by Examen from their sperm data bank of 74 fertile sperm donors with recently achieved clinical pregnancies.
Main results and the role of chance
The average comet score was 37.8% +/-0.5, low comet score was 35.3% +/- 1.5 and high comet score was 20.2% +/-1.2. These values were all significantly outside ( p < 0.001, Mann Whitney test)) fertile parameters.
95% of these men presenting for infertility investigations had a significantly raised DNA damage across their semen sample with low proportions of healthy sperm and high levels of sperm with genomic damage.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Retrospective design, small sample size, lack of randomisation and low power analysis.
Wider implications of the findings
Sperm DNA damage was found in most of these men who, over years of investigation hadn't been offered tests other than semen analysis or therapy to improve their sperm quality. Thus, this tool could be a useful adjunct to semen analysis to guide the men to reproductive health.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nyantakyi
- King's College London, GKT Medical School , London, United Kingdom
| | - M Al-Hussini
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Urology , London, United Kingdom
| | - J Ramsay
- The Lister Fertility Clinic , Urology, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Minhas
- Imperial College London , Urology, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Lewis
- Examen, Chief Executive Officer , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - L Haddock
- Examen, R and D Manager , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - T Yap
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Urology , London, United Kingdom
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25
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Exeter H, Odia R, Cawood S, Haddock L, Lewis S, Srividya S, Serhal P, Saab W. P-099 The effect of sperm DNA quality on blastocyst and euploid rates. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Do sperm DNA quality measurements influence the blastocyst rate and/or euploid rates?
Summary answer
Sperm DNA fragmentation has a negative influence on the rate of blastulation. It does not impact on euploidy rates assessed by pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT-A).
What is known already
Some studies show that sperm DNA has no influence on embryo development and that its negative influence begins following implantation. Other studies show that every step of the fertility process from fertilization onwards is impacted by the male gamete as well as the female gamete. To date, data has been confounded by different sperm DNA tests and different clinical practices and parameters measured.
Study design, size, duration
This was a retrospective study using the sensitive Comet assay to analyse whether it’s three sperm DNA fragmentation scores influence embryo development or euploidy.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Data from 110 cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) where the blastocyst rate (number of blastocysts/number of mature oocytes injected) was obtained from the patient database of a UK single centre. Inclusion criteria: Only outcomes from the first assisted reproductive cycle after a Comet assay had been performed were included. Included cycles were within one year of the test.
Main results and the role of chance
Blastocysts were ranked in 4 groups- 0.25-0.49, 0.5-0.74, 0.75-1.00. Three Comet scores were analysed: Average Comet Score (damage across the semen sample; ACS), Low Comet Score (proportion of sperm with good DNA; LCS) and High Comet Score ( proportion of sperm with high DNA damage; HCS). Clinical thresholds were calculated by comparison with fertile donor sperm. High ACS and LCS and low HCS were all associated with higher blastocyst rates (ANOVA, p = 0.013; Kruskal Wallis, p = 0.027, Post Hoc pairwise comparisons between blastocyst groups (p = 0.016-0.024). No relationship was found between euploid rate (number of euploid embryos/total embryo number) and sperm DNA damage p = 0.761).
Limitations, reasons for caution
Retrospective design requiring more data to clarify these associations coupled with the lack of randomisation and low power analysis.
Wider implications of the findings
This study reports the negative impact of sperm DNA fragmentation on blastocyst formation rates. Male partner diagnostic assessments such as sperm DNA quality testing are useful adjuncts to semen analysis. Further research to determine if there is a relationship between sperm DNA damage and euploid embryo outcomes is ongoing.
Trial registration number
IRB-001C06-01-22
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Affiliation(s)
- H Exeter
- The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health , Embryology, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Odia
- The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health , Embryology, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Cawood
- The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health , Embryology, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Haddock
- Examen, R&D manager , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - S Lewis
- Examen, Founder and CEO , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - S Srividya
- The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health, Clinical , London, United Kingdom
| | - P Serhal
- The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health, Person Responsible and Clinical , London, United Kingdom
| | - W Saab
- The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health, Clinical , London, United Kingdom
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26
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Aggrwal A, Lunt R, Lesley H, Hockenhull S, Nithin L, Shukla A, Gregoire R, Lewis S, Drakeley A. P-033 A third of men with normospermia attending for initial fertility assessment could have DNA damage. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
What is the incidence of sperm DNA damage in men with normal semen analyses attending for initial fertility investigation?
Summary answer
Half of men (54%) attending for infertilty investigation had a normal semen analysis of which a third (32%) of these had abnormal sperm DNA.
What is known already
Conventional semen analysis assesses sperm concentration, motility, and morphology but with a high degree of biological variability. Around 25% of men are given a diagnosis of unexplained infertility by normal semen analysis. The World Health Organisation (WHO) stated in 2021 that ‘clinically there is a growing awareness that chromosomal anomalies and gene mutations underlie a diverse spectrum of male infertility,’ so now recommends that sperm DNA is determined as an extended analysis. Sperm DNA damage occurs more often in infertile men and DNA damage is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss and decreased live birth rates following fertility treatment.
Study design, size, duration
A prospective cohort study of men attending a secondary fertility clinic were offered a standard semen analysis plus sperm DNA fragmentation using SpermComet technology. UK IRAS ethical approval was obtained. Men attending were given a patient information leaflet at their first appointment. The study duration was 6 months. In total, 142 men were recruited out of a possible maximum of 409 attendees.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Participants included men who had been referred as a couple to a secondary level infertility clinic for an initial assessment. Information leaflets were either posted to them prior to their first appointment or given to them at the initial nurse-led consultation. Those who subsequently contacted our research team re-attended for a sperm analysis and an aliquot was cryopreserved and sent in weekly batches to Examen (Northern Ireland) for SpermComet DNA fragmentation assessment.
Main results and the role of chance
Between May and November 2021, there were 409 attendees of whom 142 consented to the study.
Sperm DNA quality for the participants was assessed and reported as average, low and high DNA damage as a percentage compared with clinical thresholds used by Examen from their sperm bank of 63 fertile sperm donors who had recently achieved clinical pregnancies.
Of the 142 recruited, 77 men (54%) attending for initial investigations had normospermia assessed against the WHO criteria, so were initially classified as unexplained. Of these, 25 (32%) had abnormal sperm DNA values. The average comet score was 39.7% +/-1.3, low comet score was 37.8% +/- 4.4 and high comet score was 17.0% +/-2.0. These values were all significantly outside ( p < 0.001) of the fertile parameters from 63 fertile donors used by Examen (fertile range: average <26%%, low >74% and high <4%).
Our results suggest that up to a third of men reported to have normospermia will have DNA damaged sperm. This is important to consider before labelling a couple as 'unexplained'. Knowing the male's sperm DNA fragmentation assessment would allow for further discussion and exploration of lifestyle and dietary advice.
Limitations, reasons for caution
During the study period, not all attendees agreed to participate as it required an additional hospital visit. In this single site study, men have not yet been followed up for future fertility outcome such as natural conception and need or success of assisted conception.
Wider implications of the findings
Sperm DNA damage was found in a third of men who would previously have been classified as fertile and offered no further investigations or treatment to improve their sperm quality. Thus, this tool could be a useful adjunct to semen analysis to guide these couples’ future treatment pathways.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aggrwal
- Hewitt Fertility Centre- Liverpool Women's Hospital, Reproductive Medicine , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R Lunt
- Hewitt Fertility Centre- Liverpool Women's Hospital, Reproductive Medicine , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - H Lesley
- Examen, andrology , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - S Hockenhull
- Hewitt Fertility Centre- Liverpool Women's Hospital, Reproductive Medicine , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Nithin
- Hewitt Fertility Centre- Liverpool Women's Hospital, Reproductive Medicine , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Shukla
- Hewitt Fertility Centre- Liverpool Women's Hospital, Reproductive Medicine , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R Gregoire
- Hewitt Fertility Centre- Liverpool Women's Hospital, Reproductive Medicine , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Lewis
- Examen, andrology , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - A Drakeley
- Hewitt Fertility Centre- Liverpool Women's Hospital, Reproductive Medicine , Liverpool, United Kingdom
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27
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Weldon K, Bravo Martin R, Moran C, Keane D, Sloan A, Abril-Parreño L, White E, O'Sullivan L, Newport D, Lewis S, Fair S. O-295 Passive sperm sorting does not select for sperm with lower DNA fragmentation levels compared to density gradient centrifugation in split samples. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac106.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does the passive sperm separation device, Zymot, select sperm with lower DNA fragmentation levels compared to Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC)?
Summary answer
The sperm separation device Zymot did not select sperm with lower DNA fragmentation levels compared to sperm selected by DGC or the neat sample.
What is known already
Previous studies have shown that sperm with high DNA fragmentation levels result in lower fertilisation rates, impaired embryo development, lower pregnancy rates and increases the risk of miscarriage. Currently, prior to fertility treatment, the method of choice for sperm selection is using DGC, which involves the centrifugation of sperm. Therefore, there is a clinical need for a sperm selection method that avoids centrifugation, while mimicking the natural process of sperm selection in the female reproductive tract and selects sperm with intact DNA.
Study design, size, duration
This blinded controlled study included 29 patients from which semen samples were obtained between May 2021- January 2022 at ReproMed fertility clinic (Dublin, Ireland). Ejaculates were split and processed using either DGC, passive separation device (Zymot; 850 uL) or unprocessed (neat; control) and assessed for sperm quality in terms of motility (progressive, non-progressive and immotile), morphology and DNA fragmentation (assessed using the COMET assay). Two hundred sperm were assessed for each analysis.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Motility and morphology were assessed using microscopy techniques as per WHO guidelines. DNA fragmentation was assessed using the COMET assay and each sample was given an Average COMET score (ACS), Low COMET score (LCS) and High COMET score (HCS). All data were checked for normality of distribution following which they were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc tests. All values presented are mean ± standard error of the mean.
Main results and the role of chance
Sperm sorted by the Zymot device had higher progressive motility (78.7 + 3.42%) than both the neat (53.3 + 3.40%) and DGC (51.8 + 3.74%%) samples (P < 0.001). Sperm selected by DGC had a greater percentage of sperm with non-progressive motility (16.0 + 2.02%) compared to the neat sample (8.6 + 1.11%) and the Zymot device (9.9 + 1.60%). The overall percentage of normal morphology in the neat sample was 4.3 + 0.16% and there was no effect of sperm selection method on the percentage of sperm with normal morphology (P > 0.05). The ACS in the neat sample was 32.5 + 1.48% and neither DGC (28.2 + 1.45%) or Zymot (29.1 + 1.50%) improved this (P > 0.05). In line with this, neither LCS nor HCS differed between the treatments (P > 0.05).
Limitations, reasons for caution
A higher number of patient samples are needed to validate the efficacy of the Zymot sperm separation device on DNA fragmentation levels. Also, targeting patients with higher DNA fragmentation in the neat sample may yield greater benefits.
Wider implications of the findings
The results of this study indicate that the passive sperm selection device, Zymot, selects more motile sperm but does not select sperm with intact DNA. There is a need for a non-cell destructive method to select sperm with intact DNA to improve the outcomes for couples undergoing fertility treatment.
Trial registration number
Not Applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- K Weldon
- University of Limerick, Biological Sciences , Limerick, Ireland
| | - R Bravo Martin
- ReproMed Fertility Clinic, Andrology Laboratory , Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Moran
- ReproMed Fertility Clinic, Andrology Laboratory , Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Keane
- ReproMed Fertility Clinic, Andrology Laboratory , Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Sloan
- ExamenLab, Weavers Court Business Park- Unit 18A Block K , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - L Abril-Parreño
- University of Limerick, Biological Sciences , Limerick, Ireland
| | - E White
- University of Limerick, School of Design , Limerick, Ireland
| | - L O'Sullivan
- University of Limerick, School of Design , Limerick, Ireland
| | - D Newport
- University of Limerick, School of Engineering , Limerick, Ireland
| | - S Lewis
- ExamenLab, Weavers Court Business Park- Unit 18A Block K , Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - S Fair
- University of Limerick, Biological Sciences , Limerick, Ireland
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28
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Li N, Ferracane J, Lewis S, Andeen N, Woltjer R, Farsad K, Kaufman J, Rugonyi S, Jahangiri Y, Uchida B, Gabr A, Li J, Yamada K, Al-Hakim R. Abstract No. 299 Impact of post-thrombotic vein wall biomechanics on luminal flow during venous angioplasty and stent placement: computational modeling results. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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29
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Lewis S, Barry A, Hawkins MA. Hypofractionation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma - The Effect of Fractionation Size. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:e195-e209. [PMID: 35314091 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased over the years. Several prospective studies have demonstrated its safety and efficacy, and randomised trials are underway. The advancement in technology has enabled the transition from three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy to highly focused SBRT. Liver damage is the primary limiting toxicity with radiation, with the incidence of grade 3 varying from 0 to 30%. The reported radiotherapy fractionation schedule for HCC, and in practice use, ranges from one to 10 fractions, based on clinician preference and technology available, tumour location and tumour size. This review summarises the safety and efficacy of various SBRT fractionation schedules for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lewis
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Barry
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M A Hawkins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
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30
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Maxwell A, Mary E, Ghate V, Aranjani J, Lewis S. A Novel high throughput 96-well based Fluorimetric Method to Measure Amikacin in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Development using Response Surface Methodology. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:930-943. [PMID: 35322527 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An aminoglycoside antibiotic, amikacin, is used to treat severe and recurring bacterial infections. Due to the absence of a chromophore, however, amikacin must be extensively derivatized before being quantified, both in analytical and bioanalytical samples. In this study, for the first time, we developed a simple and sensitive method for measuring amikacin sulfate by spectrofluorimetry using a 96-well plate reader, based on the design of the experiment's approach. To develop a robust and reproducible spectrofluorimetric method, the influence of essential attributes, namely pH of the buffer, heating temperature, and concentration of reagents, were evaluated by univariate analysis followed by multivariate analysis (central composite design). ICH guidelines were used to validate the optimized method. The developed technique is linear from 1.9 to 10 μg/mL with a regression coefficient of 0.9991. The detection and quantification limits were 0.649 μg/mL and 1.9 μg/mL, respectively. For the developed method, both intra- and inter-day precision (%RSD) were below 5%. Using the method, amikacin concentrations were quantified in prepared amikacin liposomes and commercial formulations of Amicin®. The developed method greatly reduces sample volume and is a rapid, high throughput microplate-based fluorescence approach for the convenient and cost-effective measurement of amikacin in pharmaceutical formulations. In comparison to previously published approaches, the suggested method allowed for quick analysis of a high number of samples in a short amount of time (96 samples in 125 seconds), resulting in an average duration of analysis of 1.3 seconds per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amala Maxwell
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Elizabeth Mary
- Department of School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Vivek Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jesil Aranjani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Gupta A, Paudwal G, Dolkar R, Lewis S, Gupta PN. Recent advances in the surfactant and controlled release polymer-based solid dispersion. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1643-1659. [PMID: 35209818 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220223095417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The oral route is the most preferred delivery route for drug administration due to its advantages such as lower cost, improved patient compliance, no need for trained personnel and the drug reactions are generally less severe. The major problem with new molecules in the drug discovery pipeline is poor solubility and dissolution rate that ultimately results in low oral bioavailability. Numerous techniques are available for solubility and bioavailability (BA) enhancement, but out of all, solid dispersion (SD) is proven to be the most feasible due to the least issues in manufacturing, processing, storage, and transportation. In the past few years, SD had been extensively applied to reinforce the common issues of insoluble drugs. Currently, many hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers are used to prepare either immediate release or controlled release SDs. Therefore, the biological behavior of the SDs is contingent upon the use of appropriate polymeric carriers and methods of preparation. The exploration of novel carriers and methodologies in SD technology leads to improved BA and therapeutic effectiveness. Moreover, the clinical applicability of SD-based formulations has been increased with the discovery of novel polymeric carriers. In this review, emphasis is laid down on the present status of recent generations of SDs (i.e., surfactant and controlled release polymer-based SD) and their application in modifying the physical properties of the drug and modulation of pharmacological response in different ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Gupta
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Gourav Paudwal
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Rigzin Dolkar
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Suvarna P, Chaudhari P, Lewis S. Cyclodextrin based supramolecular ternary complexes: Emerging role of ternary agents on drug solubility, stability and bioavailability. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2022; 39:1-50. [DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2022038870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lewis S, Tahayeri A, Ferracane J, Pfeifer C. Optimization of a NIR/Photo-rheometer for Measurement of Gel-Point Conversion in Dental Resins. Dent Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Toi T, Lewis S, Lounis S, Najdawi A. 1612 Unconscious Gender Bias from Patients: Are Female and Male Doctors Perceived Differently? Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab258.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
While the need for gender equality has been well recognised within the medical profession, attitudes of patients towards doctors of different genders has not been addressed. We aim to identify whether gender biases exist within the minds of patients we treat and how we can address this.
Method
A survey was disseminated through social media platforms and work communication groups. Data was collected on gender, ethnicity, frequency of being mistaken for different members of the healthcare team and frequency of being asked to perform non-medical tasks. A free text option was available for respondents to elaborate on the context and how this made them feel.
Results
88 doctors (26 male, 62 female) responded. 65% (40) of females have had their roles misidentified at least once a week, compared to 0%(0) of males. 75% (46) of women reported negative emotions associated with being mistaken in their role, 25% (15) were neutral, none were positive. 62% (38) of female doctor’s report being asked to perform non-medical tasks at least once a week compared to 31% (8) of male doctors.
Conclusions
There is a clear disparity in how patients perceive male and female roles in medicine, with females being less likely to be identified as a doctor and twice as likely to be asked to perform non-medical tasks. As well as being potentially disruptive to their role, responses suggest that this impacts negatively on the confidence of these respondents. Further exploration of this subject, the impacts and remedies will be required in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Toi
- NNUH, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - S Lewis
- London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Lounis
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - A Najdawi
- Southend University Hospital, Southend-on-Sea, United Kingdom
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Mendell J, Shieh P, Sahenk Z, Lehman K, Lowes L, Reash N, Iammarino M, Alfano L, Powers B, Woods J, Skura C, Mao H, Staudt L, Potter R, Griffin D, Lewis S, Hu L, Upadhyay S, Singh T, Rodino-Klapac L. CLINICAL TRIAL HIGHLIGHTS. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mendell J, Sahenk Z, Lehman K, Nease C, Lowes L, Reash N, Iammarino M, Alfano L, Vaiea J, Lewis S, Church K, Shell R, Potter R, Griffin D, Pozsgai E, Hogan M, Rodino-Klapac L. DMD - TREATMENT. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rodino-Klapac L, Pozsgai E, Lewis S, Griffin D, Meadows A, Lehman K, Church K, Reash N, Iammarino M, Lowes L, Koenig E, Neuhaus S, Li X, Mendell J. LGMD. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lewis S, Cherk M, Nadebaum D, Haydon A. 1052P Survival outcomes predicted by irAEs on 18F-FDG-PET in response to PD-1 antibody therapy in metastatic melanoma. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Maxwell A, Ghate V, Aranjani J, Lewis S. Breaking the barriers for the delivery of amikacin: Challenges, strategies, and opportunities. Life Sci 2021; 284:119883. [PMID: 34390724 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypodermic delivery of amikacin is a widely adopted treatment modality for severe infections, including bacterial septicemia, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections, burns, postoperative complications, and urinary tract infections in both paediatric and adult populations. In most instances, the course of treatment requires repeated bolus doses of amikacin, prolonged hospitalization, and the presence of a skilled healthcare worker for administration and continuous therapeutic monitoring to manage the severe adverse effects. Amikacin is hydrophilic and exhibits a short half-life, which further challenges the delivery of sufficient systemic concentrations when administered by the oral or transdermal route. In this purview, the exploitation of novel controlled and sustained release drug delivery platforms is warranted. Furthermore, it has been shown that novel delivery systems are capable of increasing the antibacterial activity of amikacin at lower doses when compared to the conventional formulations and also aid in overcoming the development of drug-resistance, which currently is a significant threat to the healthcare system worldwide. The current review presents a comprehensive overview of the developmental history of amikacin, the mechanism of action in virulent strains as well as the occurrence of resistance, and various emerging drug delivery solutions developed both by the academia and the industry. The examples outlined within the review provides significant pieces of evidence on novel amikacin formulations in the field of antimicrobial research paving the path for future therapeutic interventions that will result in improved clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amala Maxwell
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Ghate
- Mechatronics Lab, Department of Electronic System Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Jesil Aranjani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Ussher M, Best C, Lewis S, McKell J, Coleman T, Cooper S, Orton S, Bauld L. Financial Incentives for Preventing Postpartum return to Smoking (FIPPS): study protocol for a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:512. [PMID: 34340694 PMCID: PMC8327045 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Financial incentives are an effective way of helping women to stop smoking during pregnancy. Unfortunately, most women who stop smoking at this time return to smoking within 12 months of the infant’s birth. There is no evidence for interventions that are effective at preventing postpartum smoking relapse. Financial incentives provided after the birth may help women to sustain cessation. This randomised controlled trial will assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of financial incentives to help women who are abstinent from smoking at end-of-pregnancy to avoid return to smoking up to 12 months postpartum. Methods This is a UK-based, multi-centre, three-arm, superiority, parallel group, individually randomised controlled trial, with 1:1:1 allocation. It will compare the effectiveness of two financial incentive interventions with each other (one intervention for up to 3 months postpartum offering up to £120 of incentives (£60 for the participant and £60 for a significant other support); the other for up to 12 months postpartum with up to £300 of incentives (£240 for the participant and £60 for a significant other support) and with a no incentives/usual care control group. Eligible women will be between 34 weeks gestation and 2 weeks postpartum, abstinent from smoking for at least 4 weeks, have an expired carbon monoxide (CO) reading < 4 parts per million (ppm), aged at least 16 years, intend remaining abstinent from smoking after the birth and able to speak and read English. The primary outcome is self-reported, lapse-free, smoking abstinence from the last quit attempt in pregnancy until 12 months postpartum, biochemically validated by expired CO and/or salivary cotinine or anabasine. Outcomes will be analysed by intention-to-treat and regression models used to compare the proportion of abstinent women between the two intervention groups and between each intervention group and the control group. An economic evaluation will assess the cost-effectiveness of offering incentives and a qualitative process evaluation will examine barriers and facilitators to trial retention, effectiveness and implementation. Discussion This pragmatic randomised controlled trial will test whether offering financial incentives is effective and cost-effective for helping women to avoid smoking relapse during the 12 months after the birth of their baby. Trial registration International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number 55218215. Registered retrospectively on 5th June 2019 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05480-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ussher
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK. .,Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, SW17 ORE, London, UK.
| | - C Best
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - S Lewis
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - J McKell
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - T Coleman
- Division of Primary Care, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - S Cooper
- Division of Primary Care, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - S Orton
- Division of Primary Care, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - L Bauld
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
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Shah AA, Shah A, Lewis S, Ghate V, Saklani R, Narayana Kalkura S, Baby C, Singh PK, Nayak Y, Chourasia MK. Cyclodextrin based bone regenerative inclusion complex for resveratrol in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:127-139. [PMID: 34329710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies have shown that resveratrol (RSV), is a promising remedy for osteoporosis owing to its estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, RSV has met limited success due to its poor oral bioavailability and inefficient systemic delivery. In this study, we prepared the inclusion complex of RSV with sulfo-butyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) to enhance the aqueous solubility of RSV. The in-silico docking studies and Physico-chemical characterization assays were performed to understand the interaction of RSV inside the SBE-β-CD cavity. The in vivo safety assessment of RSV-SBE-β-CD inclusion complex (R-CDIC) was performed in healthy Wistar rats. The efficacy of the inclusion complex against postmenopausal osteoporosis was further investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. The alteration in the bone micro-architectural structure was evaluated by microcomputed tomographic scanning, serum biochemical estimations, biomechanical strength and histopathological investigation. Administration of RSV-SBE-β-CD inclusion complex was found to be safe and significantly improved micro-architectural deterioration induced by estrogen withdrawal. Results of bone morphometry and biomechanics study further emboldened the efficacy claim of the RSV-SBE-β-CD complex. Thus, the present study demonstrated the efficacy of the RSV-SBE-β-CD inclusion complex for treating osteolytic degradation in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Abhishek Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Abhishek Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Vivek Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Ravi Saklani
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - S Narayana Kalkura
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - C Baby
- FT-NMR Lab, Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Manish K Chourasia
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India.
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Chen R, Tharakan T, Jayasena C, Lewis S, Parikh J, Thum MY, Nicopoullos J, Yap T, Minhas S. Does intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection improve live birth rates compared to ICSI in men with infertility and raised sperm DNA fragmentation? Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bowker K, Lewis S, Phillips L, Orton S, Ussher M, Naughton F, Bauld L, Coleman T, Sinclair L, McRobbie H, Khan A, Cooper S. Pregnant women's use of e-cigarettes in the UK: a cross-sectional survey. BJOG 2021; 128:984-993. [PMID: 33012050 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence of vaping in pregnancy. Compare characteristics and attitudes between exclusive smokers and vapers, and between exclusive vapers and dual users (smoke and vape). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Hospitals across England and Scotland. POPULATION Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in 2017. METHODS Women at 8-24 weeks' gestation completed screening questions about their smoking and vaping. Current or recent ex-smokers and/or vapers completed a full detailed survey about vaping and smoking. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of vaping, characteristics and attitudes of women who vape and/or smoke. RESULTS Of 3360 pregnant women who completed screening questions, 515 (15.3%, 95% CI 14.1-16.6) were exclusive smokers, 44 (1.3%, 95% CI 1.0-1.8) exclusive vapers and 118 (3.5%, 95% CI 2.9-4.2) dual users. In total, 867 (25.8%) women completed the full survey; compared with smokers (n = 434), vapers (n = 140) were more likely to hold higher educational qualifications (odds ratio [OR) 1.51, 95% CI 1.01-2.25). Compared with exclusive vapers (n = 33), dual users (n = 107) were younger (OR 0.91 95% CI 0.85-0.98) and less likely to hold high qualifications (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20-0.96). Compared with smokers, dual users were more likely to be planning to quit smoking (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.24-4.18). Compared with smokers, vapers were more likely to think vaping was safer than smoking (78.6% versus 36.4%). CONCLUSIONS One in 20 pregnant women report vaping, and most also smoke. Dual users are more motivated towards stopping smoking than smokers. Where women have tried but cannot stop smoking, clinicians could encourage them to consider vaping for smoking cessation. TWEETABLE EXTRACT One in 20 women report vaping during pregnancy but of those that do vape, most also smoke, despite having intentions to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bowker
- Division of Primary Care Research and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Lewis
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Phillips
- Division of Primary Care Research and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Orton
- Division of Primary Care Research and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Ussher
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - F Naughton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - L Bauld
- Usher Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T Coleman
- Division of Primary Care Research and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Sinclair
- Usher Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H McRobbie
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Khan
- Division of Primary Care Research and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Cooper
- Division of Primary Care Research and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Li N, Ferracane J, Lewis S, Andeen N, Woltjer R, Farsad K, Kaufman J, Rugonyi S, Jahangiri Y, Uchida B, Gabr A, Li J, Yamada K, Al-Hakim R. Abstract No. 225 Venous large animal model for stenosis, thrombosis, and chronic occlusion: short-term results, with biomechanical analysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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SIBLEY C, Camargo M, King A, Lewis S, Tolentino J, Glicklich A. POS-145 ATRASENTAN IN PATIENTS WITH PROTEINURIC GLOMERULAR DISEASES (THE AFFINITY STUDY). Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Vari I, Jimenez YA, Lewis S. Interprofessional Education and the Diagnostic Radiography curriculum: Students' perceived value of a case-based, whole day activity. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 27:811-816. [PMID: 33446407 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to examine Diagnostic Radiography (DR) students' perceptions and attitudes towards the Health Collaboration Challenge (HCC), as an interprofessional learning opportunity. METHODS DR students participated in the HCC, an annual intensive interprofessional collaboration and assessment activity involving case-based learning. Students' attitudes towards Interprofessional Education (IPE) were measured using a modified version of the Interprofessional Socialisation and Valuing Scale (ISVS-21) and a bespoke questionnaire with items relating to the HCC. Subsequent focus groups explored students' experience of IPE within the HCC context. RESULTS Survey results (n = 30) suggested a mostly positive attitude towards IPE alongside other health care students, acknowledging the value of interprofessional teams in patient health care. Qualitative themes from focus group participants (n = 8) revealed that DR students, while appreciating the value of shared-decision making, found the HCC assessment distracting. Challenges included the intensive nature of the HCC, roles that DR students undertook in addressing assessment criteria, case complexity and opportunities for DR students to showcase their knowledge. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the intensive and assessable nature of the HCC can overshadow the value of IPE for DR students, and immersive or staggered approaches to IPE could better align with DR professionals' unique role within the patient care spectrum. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Revised IPE models for DR students could include a more immersive environment, conducted over a longer period of time, with meetings at semi-regular intervals to promote an interprofessional-focus over a task-focus approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Y A Jimenez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - S Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Dhas N, Kudarha R, Garkal A, Ghate V, Sharma S, Panzade P, Khot S, Chaudhari P, Singh A, Paryani M, Lewis S, Garg N, Singh N, Bangar P, Mehta T. Molybdenum-based hetero-nanocomposites for cancer therapy, diagnosis and biosensing application: Current advancement and future breakthroughs. J Control Release 2020; 330:257-283. [PMID: 33345832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the nanotechnology for cancer therapy. Even though molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)-based nanocomposites demonstrated extensive applications in biosensing, bioimaging, phototherapy, the review article focusing on MoS2 nanocomposite platform has not been accounted for yet. The review summarizes recent strategies on design and fabrication of MoS2-based nanocomposites and their modulated properties in cancer treatment. The review also discussed several therapeutic strategies (photothermal, photodynamic, immunotherapy, gene therapy and chemotherapy) and their combinations for efficient cancer therapy along with certain case studies. The review also inculcates various diagnostic techniques viz. magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging for diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Ritu Kudarha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Vivek Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Prabhakar Panzade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431133, India
| | - Shubham Khot
- Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra 411041, India
| | - Pinal Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Mitali Paryani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Priyanka Bangar
- Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Tejal Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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Dittrich S, Richardson L, Lewis S. Clean water 4 life: A clean water solution to reduce water-borne diseases. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Gureyev TE, Paganin DM, Arhatari B, Taba ST, Lewis S, Brennan PC, Quiney HM. Dark-field signal extraction in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:215029. [PMID: 32756030 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abac9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A method for extracting the dark-field signal in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging is proposed. In the case of objects consisting predominantly of a single material, or several different materials with similar ratios of the real decrement to the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, the proposed method requires a single image for extraction of the dark-field signal in two-dimensional projection imaging. In the case of three-dimensional tomographic imaging, the method needs only one image to be collected at each projection angle. Initial examples using simulated and experimental data indicate that this method can improve visualization of small sharp features inside a larger object, e.g. the visualization of microcalcifications in propagation-based x-ray breast cancer imaging. It is suggested that the proposed approach may be useful in other forms of biomedical imaging, where it can help one to obtain additional small-angle scattering information without increasing the radiation dose to the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Gureyev
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia. Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe 2141, Australia. School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale 2351, Australia
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Rainford LA, Zanardo M, Buissink C, Decoster R, Hennessy W, Knapp K, Kraus B, Lanca L, Lewis S, Mahlaola TB, McEntee M, O'Leary D, Precht H, Starc T, McNulty JP. The impact of COVID-19 upon student radiographers and clinical training. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 27:464-474. [PMID: 33223416 PMCID: PMC7834574 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction To investigate student clinical placement concerns and opinions, during the initial COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and to inform educational institution support planning. Methods Between mid-June to mid-July 2020, educational institutions from 12 countries were invited to participate in an online survey designed to gain student radiographer opinion from a wide geographical spread and countries with varying levels of COVID-19 cases. Results 1277 respondents participated, of these 592 had completed clinical placements during January to June 2020. Accommodation and cohabiting risks were identified as challenging, as was isolation from family, travel to clinical placements, and to a lesser extent childcare. Students stated they had been affected by the feeling of isolation and concerns about the virus whilst on placement. Overall 35.4% of all respondents were ‘Not at all worried’ about being a radiographer, however, 64.6% expressed varying levels of concern and individual domestic or health situations significantly impacted responses (p ≤ 0.05). Year 4 students and recent graduates were significantly more likely to be ‘Not worried at all’ compared to Year 2 and 3 students (p ≤ 0.05). The need for improved communication regarding clinical placements scheduling was identified as almost 50% of students on clinical placements between January to June 2020 identified the completion of assessments as challenging. Furthermore, only 66% of respondents with COVID-19 imaging experience stated being confident with personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Conclusion Student radiographers identified key challenges which require consideration to ensure appropriate measures are in place to support their ongoing needs. Importantly PPE training is required before placement regardless of prior COVID-19 imaging experience. Implications for practice As the next academic year commences, the study findings identify important matters to be considered by education institutions with responsibility for Radiography training and as students commence clinical placements during the on-going global COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Rainford
- Radiography and Diagnostic Imaging, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - M Zanardo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Italian Federation of Scientific Radiographers Societies, Italy.
| | - C Buissink
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - R Decoster
- Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy, Odisee University of Applied Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - W Hennessy
- Diagnostic Imaging, Quinnipiac University, Connecticut, USA.
| | - K Knapp
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK.
| | - B Kraus
- Department Health Sciences, Radiological Technology, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Austria.
| | - L Lanca
- Singapore Institute of Technology, Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore.
| | - S Lewis
- Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - T B Mahlaola
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - M McEntee
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - D O'Leary
- School of Allied Health Professionals, Keele University, UK.
| | - H Precht
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - T Starc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - J P McNulty
- Radiography and Diagnostic Imaging, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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