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Yasir S, Jin Y, Razzaq FA, Caballero-Moreno A, Galán-García L, Ren P, Valdes-Sosa M, Rodriguez-Labrada R, Bringas-Vega ML, Valdes-Sosa PA. The determinants of COVID-induced brain dysfunctions after SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1249282. [PMID: 38260018 PMCID: PMC10800467 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1249282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The severity of the pandemic and its consequences on health and social care systems were quite diverse and devastating. COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We did a cross-sectional study of 3 months post-COVID consequences of 178 Cuban subjects. Our study has a unique CUBAN COVID-19 cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects. We constructed a latent variable for pre-health conditions (PHC) through Item Response Theory (IRT) and for post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms (Post-COVID-NPS) through Factor Analysis (FA). There seems to be a potential causal relationship between determinants of CIBD and post-COVID-NPS in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The causal relationships accessed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that PHC (p < 0.001) and pre-COVID cognitive impairments (p < 0.001) affect the severity of COVID-19 patients. The severity of COVID-19 eventually results in enhanced post-COVID-NPS (p < 0.001), even after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, and pre-COVID-NPS). The highest loadings in PHC were for cardiovascular diseases, immunological disorders, high blood pressure, and diabetes. On the other hand, sex (p < 0.001) and pre-COVID-NPS including neuroticism (p < 0.001), psychosis (p = 0.005), cognition (p = 0.036), and addiction (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with post-COVID-NPS. The most common neuropsychiatric symptom with the highest loadings includes pain, fatigue syndrome, autonomic dysfunctionalities, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological symptoms. Compared to healthy people, COVID-19 patients with pre-health comorbidities or pre-neuropsychiatric conditions will have a high risk of getting severe COVID-19 and long-term post-COVID neuropsychiatric consequences. Our study provides substantial evidence to highlight the need for a complete neuropsychiatric follow-up on COVID-19 patients (with severe illness) and survivors (asymptomatic patients who recovered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahwar Yasir
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuleah A. Razzaq
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Peng Ren
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Maria L. Bringas-Vega
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Cuban Neuroscience Center, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Cuban Neuroscience Center, La Habana, Cuba
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