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Brose A, Michalski K, Ruf J, Tosch M, Eschmann SM, Schreckenberger M, König J, Nestle U, Miederer M. PET/CT reading for relapse in non-small cell lung cancer after chemoradiotherapy in the PET-Plan trial cohort. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:45. [PMID: 37198668 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current studies indicate that fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) is the most accurate imaging modality for the detection of relapsed locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after curatively intended chemoradiotherapy. To this day, there is no objective and reproducible definition for the diagnosis of disease recurrence in PET/CT, the reading of which is relevantly influenced by post radiation inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare visual and threshold-based semi-automated evaluation criteria for the assessment of suspected tumor recurrence in a well-defined study population investigated during the randomized clinical PET-Plan trial. METHODS This retrospective analysis comprises 114 PET/CT data sets of 82 patients from the PET-Plan multi-center study cohort who underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging at different timepoints for relapse, as suspected by CT. Scans were first analyzed visually by four blinded readers using a binary scoring system for each possible localization and the associated reader certainty of the evaluation. Visual evaluations were conducted repeatedly without and with additional knowledge of the initial staging PET and radiotherapy delineation volumes. In a second step, uptake was measured quantitatively using maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), peak standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SULpeak), and a liver threshold-based quantitative assessment model. Resulting sensitivity and specificity for relapse detection were compared to the findings in the visual assessment. The gold standard of recurrence was independently defined by prospective study routine including external reviewers using CT, PET, biopsies and clinical course of the disease. RESULTS Overall interobserver agreement (IOA) of the visual assessment was moderate with a high difference between secure (ĸ = 0.66) and insecure (ĸ = 0.24) evaluations. Additional knowledge of the initial staging PET and radiotherapy delineation volumes improved the sensitivity (0.85 vs 0.92) but did not show significant impact on the specificity (0.86 vs 0.89). PET parameters SUVmax and SULpeak showed lower accuracy compared to the visual assessment, whereas threshold-based reading showed similar sensitivity (0.86) and higher specificity (0.97). CONCLUSION Visual assessment especially if associated with high reader certainty shows very high interobserver agreement and high accuracy that can be further increased by baseline PET/CT information. The implementation of a patient individual liver threshold value definition, similar to the threshold definition in PERCIST, offers a more standardized method matching the accuracy of experienced readers albeit not providing further improvement of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brose
- Department of Translational Imaging in Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden (TUD), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Michalski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juri Ruf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Tosch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Susanne M Eschmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mathias Schreckenberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ursula Nestle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kliniken Maria Hilf, Mönchengladbach, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Miederer
- Department of Translational Imaging in Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden (TUD), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Sterbis E, Liang R, Trivedi P, Kwak J, Major EC, Karam SD, Morgan RL. Lack of Adherence to Guideline-Based Imaging Before Subsequent Radiation in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Impact on Patient Outcomes. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:75-81. [PMID: 35680415 PMCID: PMC9841247 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death within the United States, yet prior studies have shown a lack of adherence to imaging and treatment guidelines in patients with lung cancer. This study evaluated the use of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging before subsequent radiation therapy (RT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, and whether the use of this imaging modality impacts cancer-specific survival. Methods: This was a retrospective study of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of Medicare-linked data in patients with NSCLC. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs for overall and cancer-specific survival were estimated for patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2015 who underwent either 18F-FDG PET/CT-based or CT-based imaging before subsequent RT. Results: Significant improvement in cancer-specific survival was found in patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging before subsequent RT, compared with those who underwent CT (hazard ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.32-1.55; P < 0.0001]). Although the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends 18F-FDG PET/CT before subsequent RT, 43.6% of patients were imaged with CT alone. Conclusion: Many patients with NSCLC are not being imaged according to national guidelines before subsequent RT, and this omission is associated with a lower cancer-specific survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sterbis
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rifei Liang
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado–Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Premal Trivedi
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer Kwak
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erica Cohen Major
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois; and
| | - Sana D. Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rustain L. Morgan
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Otani T, Ikushima H, Bando Y, Yamashita M, Kuwahara K, Otsuka H, Kondo K, Miyoshi H. Early Prediction of Radiotherapeutic Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Using 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET/CT. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2023; 70:361-368. [PMID: 37940520 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.70.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the usefulness of [18F]-3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) and [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) irradiation at an early stage after radiation treatment. Mice were xenografted with the human lung adenocarcinoma line A549 or large cell lung cancer line FT821. Tumour uptake of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG was imaged using PET/CT before and 1 week after irradiation. In A549 tumours, 18F-FLT uptake was significantly decreased, and 18F-FDG uptake was unchanged post-irradiation compared with pre-irradiation. In FT821 tumours, uptake of both 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG uptake was substantially decreased post-irradiation compared with pre-irradiation. In both xenografts, tumour volumes in the irradiated groups were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group. 18F-FLT is expected to contribute to individual NSCLC therapy because it accurately evaluates the decrease in tumour activity that cannot be captured by 18F-FDG. 18F-FDG may be useful for evaluating surviving cells without being affected by the inflammatory reaction at an extremely early stage, approximately 1 week after irradiation. Combined use of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging may increase the accurate prediction of radiotherapy efficacy, which may lead to improved patient outcomes and minimally invasive personalised therapy. J. Med. Invest. 70 : 361-368, August, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Otani
- Advance Radiation Research, Education, and Management Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikushima
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Bando
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Michiko Yamashita
- Department of Analytical Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenmei Kuwahara
- Faculty of Health Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Otsuka
- Department of Medical Imaging/Nuclear Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kondo
- Department of Oncological Medical Services, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miyoshi
- Advance Radiation Research, Education, and Management Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Hsu C, Lin K, Shueng P, Wu Y, Tsai W, Chang C, Tien H, Wang S, Wu T, Mok GSP. Integrating 18 F-FDG PET/CT with lung dose-volume for assessing lung inflammatory changes after arc-based radiotherapy for esophageal cancer: A pilot study. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:3114-3123. [PMID: 36163634 PMCID: PMC9663684 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) has a highly linear relationship with low-dose lung volume. We previously established a volume-based algorithm (VBA) method to improve low-dose lung volume in radiotherapy (RT). This study assessed lung inflammatory changes by integrating fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT) with VBA for esophageal cancer patients undergoing arc-based RT. METHODS Thirty esophageal cancer patients received 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging pre-RT and post-RT were included in a retrospective pilot study. We fused lung doses and parameters of PET/CT in RT planning. Based on VBA, we used the 5Gy isodose curve to define high-dose (HD) and low-dose (LD) regions in the lung volume. We divided patients into non-RP (nRP) and RP groups. The maximum, mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax, SUVmean), global lung glycolysis (GLG), mean lung dose (MLD) and V5-30 in lungs were analyzed. Area under the curve values were utilized to identify optimal cut-off values for RP. RESULTS Eleven patients in the nRP group and 19 patients in the RP group were identified. In 30 RP lungs, post-RT SUVmax, SUVmean and GLG of HD regions showed significant increases compared to values for pre-RT lungs. There were no significant differences in values of 22 nRP lungs. Post-RT SUVmax and SUVmean of HD regions, MLD, and lung V5 and V10 in RP lungs were significantly higher than in nRP lungs. For detecting RP, the optimal cut-off values were post-RT SUVmax > 2.28 and lung V5 > 47.14%. CONCLUSION This study successfully integrated 18 F-FDG PET/CT with VBA to assess RP in esophageal cancer patients undergoing RT. Post-RT SUVmax > 2.28 and lung V5 > 47.14% might be potential indicators of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐Xiong Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan,Division of Radiation OncologyFar Eastern Memorial HospitalTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Kuan‐Heng Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan,Division of Radiation OncologyFar Eastern Memorial HospitalTaipei CityTaiwan,Industrial Ph.D. Program of Biomedical Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Wei Shueng
- Division of Radiation OncologyFar Eastern Memorial HospitalTaipei CityTaiwan,Faculty of Medicine, School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Wen Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial HospitalTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Ta Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Chiu‐Han Chang
- Division of Radiation OncologyFar Eastern Memorial HospitalTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Ju Tien
- Division of Radiation OncologyFar Eastern Memorial HospitalTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Shan‐Ying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial HospitalTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Tung‐Hsin Wu
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Greta S. P. Mok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacauZhuhaiChina
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Zukotynski KA, Hasan OK, Lubanovic M, Gerbaudo VH. Update on Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine in Lung Cancer. Radiol Clin North Am 2021; 59:693-703. [PMID: 34392913 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine integrates molecular pathobiology, genetic make-up, and clinical manifestations of disease in order to classify patients into subgroups for the purposes of predicting treatment response and suggesting outcome. By identifying those patients who are most likely to benefit from a given therapy, interventions can be tailored to avoid the expense and toxicity of futile treatment. Ultimately, the goal is to offer the right treatment, to the right patient, at the right time. Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease both functionally and morphologically. Further, over time, clonal proliferations of cells may evolve, becoming resistant to specific therapies. PET is a sensitive imaging technique with an important role in the precision medicine algorithm of lung cancer patients. It provides anatomo-functional insight during diagnosis, staging, and restaging of the disease. It is a prognostic biomarker in lung cancer patients that characterizes tumoral heterogeneity, helps predict early response to therapy, and may direct the selection of appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Zukotynski
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L9G 4X5, Canada; Department of Radiology, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L9G 4X5, Canada
| | - Olfat Kamel Hasan
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L9G 4X5, Canada; Department of Radiology, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L9G 4X5, Canada
| | - Matthew Lubanovic
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L9G 4X5, Canada
| | - Victor H Gerbaudo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02492, USA.
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Cui S, Ten Haken RK, El Naqa I. Integrating Multiomics Information in Deep Learning Architectures for Joint Actuarial Outcome Prediction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients After Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:893-904. [PMID: 33539966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel actuarial deep learning neural network (ADNN) architectures are proposed for joint prediction of radiation therapy outcomes-radiation pneumonitis (RP) and local control (LC)-in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Unlike normal tissue complication probability/tumor control probability models that use dosimetric information solely, our proposed models consider complex interactions among multiomics information including positron emission tomography (PET) radiomics, cytokines, and miRNAs. Additional time-to-event information is also used in the actuarial prediction. METHODS AND MATERIALS Three architectures were investigated: ADNN-DVH considered dosimetric information only; ADNN-com integrated multiomics information; and ADNN-com-joint combined RP2 (RP grade ≥2) and LC prediction. In these architectures, differential dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were fed into 1D convolutional neural networks (CNN) for extracting reduced representations. Variational encoders were used to learn representations of imaging and biological data. Reduced representations were fed into Surv-Nets to predict time-to-event probabilities for RP2 and LC independently and jointly by incorporating time information into designated loss functions. RESULTS Models were evaluated on 117 retrospective patients and were independently tested on 25 newly accrued patients prospectively. A multi-institutional RTOG0617 data set of 327 patients was used for external validation. ADNN-DVH yielded cross-validated c-indexes (95% confidence intervals) of 0.660 (0.630-0.690) for RP2 prediction and 0.727 (0.700-0.753) for LC prediction, outperforming a generalized Lyman model for RP2 (0.613 [0.583-0.643]) and a generalized log-logistic model for LC (0.569 [0.545-0.594]). The independent internal test and external validation yielded similar results. ADNN-com achieved an even better performance than ADNN-DVH on both cross-validation and independent internal test. Furthermore, ADNN-com-joint, which yielded performance similar to ADNN-com, realized joint prediction with c-indexes of 0.705 (0.676-0.734) for RP2 and 0.740 (0.714-0.765) for LC and achieved an area under a free-response receiving operator characteristic curve (AU-FROC) of 0.729 (0.697-0.773) for the joint prediction of RP2 and LC. CONCLUSION Novel deep learning architectures that integrate multiomics information outperformed traditional normal tissue complication probability/tumor control probability models in actuarial prediction of RP2 and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Randall K Ten Haken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) are nuclear diagnostic imaging modalities that are routinely deployed for cancer staging and monitoring. They hold the advantage of detecting disease related biochemical and physiologic abnormalities in advance of anatomical changes, thus widely used for staging of disease progression, identification of the treatment gross tumor volume, monitoring of disease, as well as prediction of outcomes and personalization of treatment regimens. Among the arsenal of different functional imaging modalities, nuclear imaging has benefited from early adoption of quantitative image analysis starting from simple standard uptake value normalization to more advanced extraction of complex imaging uptake patterns; thanks to application of sophisticated image processing and machine learning algorithms. In this review, we discuss the application of image processing and machine/deep learning techniques to PET/CT imaging with special focus on the oncological radiotherapy domain as a case study and draw examples from our work and others to highlight current status and future potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
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Wahl RL, Hicks RJ. PET Diagnosis and Response Monitoring in Oncology. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Acute organ toxicity correlates with better clinical outcome after chemoradiotherapy in patients with anal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2020; 149:168-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zschaeck S, Li Y, Bütof R, Lili C, Hua W, Troost ECG, Beck M, Amthauer H, Kaul D, Kotzerke J, Baur ADJ, Ghadjar P, Baumann M, Krause M, Hofheinz F. Combined tumor plus nontumor interim FDG-PET parameters are prognostic for response to chemoradiation in squamous cell esophageal cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1427-1436. [PMID: 32010957 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the prognostic value of two novel interim 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) parameters in patients undergoing chemoradiation (CRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): one tumor parameter (maximal standardized uptake ratio rSUR) and one normal tissue parameter (change of FDG uptake within irradiated nontumor-affected esophagus ∆SUVNTO ). PET data of 134 European and Chinese patients were analyzed. Parameter establishment was based on 36 patients undergoing preoperative CRT plus surgery, validation was performed in 98 patients receiving definitive CRT. Patients received PET imaging prior and during fourth week of CRT. Clinical parameters, baseline PET parameters, and interim PET parameters (rSUR and ∆SUVNTO ) were analyzed and compared to event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), loco-regional control (LRC) and freedom from distant metastases (FFDM). Combining rSUR and ∆SUVNTO revealed a strong prognostic impact on EFS, OS, LRC and FFDM in patients undergoing preoperative CRT. In the definitive CRT cohort, univariate analysis with respect to EFS revealed several staging plus both previously established interim PET parameters as significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analyses revealed only rSUR and ∆SUVNTO as independent prognostic factors (p = 0.003, p = 0.008). Combination of these parameters with the cutoff established in preoperative CRT revealed excellent discrimination of patients with a long or short EFS (73% vs. 17% at 2 years, respectively) and significantly discriminated all other endpoints (OS, p < 0.001; LRC, p < 0.001; FFDM, p = 0.02), even in subgroups. Combined use of interim FDG-PET derived parameters ∆SUVNTO and rSUR seems to have predictive potential, allowing to select responders for definitive CRT and omission of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zschaeck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rebecca Bütof
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chen Lili
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wu Hua
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Xiamen First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Esther C G Troost
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Beck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Amthauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Kaul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander D J Baur
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Radiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pirus Ghadjar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology OncoRay, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Hofheinz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PET Center, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
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Molecular and Functional Imaging in Oncology Therapy Response. THERAPY RESPONSE IMAGING IN ONCOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31171-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Guo M, Qi L, Zhang Y, Shang D, Yu J, Yue J. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography may not visualize radiation pneumonitis. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:112. [PMID: 31858307 PMCID: PMC6923299 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation pneumonitis is a common and potentially fatal complication of radiotherapy (RT). Some patients with radiation pneumonitis show increases in uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on positron emission tomography (PET), but others do not. The exact relationship between radiation pneumonitis and 18F-FDG PET findings remains controversial. Methods We used an animal model of radiation pneumonitis involving both radiation and simulated bacterial infection in Wistar rats. Treatment groups (10 rats/group) were as follows: control, RT-only, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-only, and RT+LPS. All rats had micro-PET scans at 7 weeks after RT (or sham). Histologic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate potential mechanisms. Results Irradiated rats had developed radiation pneumonitis at 7 weeks after RT based on pathology and CT scans. Maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean) at that time were significantly increased in the LPS group (P < 0.001 for both) and the RT+LPS group (P < 0.001 for both) relative to control, but were not different in the RT-only group (P = 0.156 SUVmax and P = 0.304 SUVmean). The combination of RT and LPS increased the expression of the aerobic glycolysis enzyme PKM2 (P < 0.001) and the glucose transporter GLUT1 (P = 0.004) in lung tissues. LPS alone increased the expression of PKM2 (P = 0.018), but RT alone did not affect PKM2 (P = 0.270) or GLUT1 (P = 0.989). Conclusions Aseptic radiation pneumonitis could not be accurately assessed by 18F-FDG PET, but was visualized after simulated bacterial infection via LPS. The underlying mechanism of the model of bacterial infection causing increased FDG uptake may be the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Guo
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Liang Qi
- Equipment and material Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Dongping Shang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jinbo Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Dreyfuss AD, Jahangiri P, Simone CB, Alavi A. Evolving Role of Novel Quantitative PET Techniques to Detect Radiation-Induced Complications. PET Clin 2019; 15:89-100. [PMID: 31735305 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced normal tissue toxicities vary in terms of pathophysiologic determinants and timing of disease development, and they are influenced by the dose and radiation volume the critical organs receive, and the radiosensitivity of normal tissues and their baseline rate of cell turnover. Radiation-induced lung injury is dose limiting for the treatment of lung and thoracic cancers and can lead to fibrosis and potentially fatal pneumonitis. This article focuses on pulmonary and cardiovascular complications of radiation therapy and discusses how PET-based novel quantitative techniques can be used to detect these events earlier than current imaging modalities or clinical presentation allow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Dreyfuss
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pegah Jahangiri
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charles B Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York Proton Center, 225 East 126th Street, New York, NY 10035, USA.
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lee SY, Jee WH, Yoo IR, Jung JY, Im SA, Chung YG, Kang JH. Comparison of 3T diffusion-weighted MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in musculoskeletal tumours: quantitative analysis of apparent diffusion coefficients and standardized uptake values. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20181051. [PMID: 31322913 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20181051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on 3T MR imaging including diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) correlate with the standardized uptake value (SUV) on 18F-FDG PET/CT in musculoskeletal tumours. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 57 patients (36 males, 21 females, mean age 54 years, range 12-90 years) with pathologically confirmed soft tissue (n = 32) and bone (n = 25) tumours who underwent 3T MR imaging including DWI and whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT before treatment. 14 patients had follow-up MR imaging and 18F-FDG PET/CT after treatment. The minimum (ADCmin) and mean (ADCmean) ADCs of musculoskeletal tumour, ADC of normal skeletal muscle (ADCmus), SUVmax and SUVmean of musculoskeletal tumour were obtained. Correlation between ADCs and SUVs was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients (r). ADCmin and SUVmax were compared between pretreatment and posttreatment by t-test. RESULTS There was inverse correlation between SUVmax and the ratio ADCmin/ADCmus (r = - 0.505 to - 0.495, p ≤ 0.001) and between SUVmean and the ratio ADCmean/ADCmus (r = - 0.501 to - 0.493, p = 0.001). After treatment ADC was significantly increased whereas SUV was significantly decreased (p = 0.001). There was significant correlation in percent change between the initial and follow-up values of ADCmin and SUVmax (r = 0.750 to 0.773, p ≤ 0.005). The ADCmin was increased by 163% and SUVmax was decreased by 61% in 11 patients with treatment response. CONCLUSION ADC at 3T MR DWI and SUV at 18F-FDG PET/CT have an inverse correlation in musculoskeletal tumours. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Our study showed that ADC at 3T DWI and SUV at 18F-FDG PET/CT had an inverse correlation in musculoskeletal tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Hee Jee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Ie Ryung Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-A Im
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Guk Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kang
- Department of Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Iravani A, Turgeon GA, Akhurst T, Callahan JW, Bressel M, Everitt SJ, Siva S, Hofman MS, Hicks RJ, Ball DL, Mac Manus MP. PET-detected pneumonitis following curative-intent chemoradiation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): recognizing patterns and assessing the impact on the predictive ability of FDG-PET/CT response assessment. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1869-1877. [PMID: 31190177 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory FDG uptake in the lung (PET-pneumonitis) following curative-intent radiotherapy (RT)/chemo-RT (CRT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can pose a challenge in FDG-PET/CT response assessment. The aim of this study is to describe different patterns of PET-pneumonitis to guide the interpretation of FDG-PET/CT and investigate its association with tumor response and overall survival (OS). METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on 87 NSCLC patients in three prospective trials who were treated with radical RT (n = 7) or CRT (n = 80), with baseline and post-treatment FDG-PET/CT. Visual criteria were performed for post-treatment FDG-PET/CT response assessment. The grading of PET-pneumonitis was based on relative lung uptake intensity compared to organs of reference and classified as per Deauville score from grade 1-5. Distribution patterns of PET-pneumonitis were defined as follows: A) patchy/sub-pleural; B) diffuse (involving more than a segment); and C) peripheral (diffusely surrounding a photopenic region). RESULTS Follow-up FDG-PET/CT scans were performed approximately 3 months (median, 89 days; interquartile range, 79-93) after RT. Overall, PET-pneumonitis was present in 62/87 (71%) of patients, with Deauville 2 or 3 in 12/62 (19%) and 4 or 5 in 50/62 (81%) of patients. The frequency of patterns A, B and C of PET-pneumonitis was 19/62 (31%), 20/62 (32%) and 23/62 (37%), respectively. No association was found between grade or pattern of PET-pneumonitis and overall response at follow-up PET/CT (p = 0.27 and p = 0.56, respectively). There was also no significant association between PET-pneumonitis and OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-2.5; p = 0.45). Early FDG-PET/CT response assessment, however, was prognostic for OS (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION PET-pneumonitis is common in early post-CRT/RT, but pattern recognition may assist in response assessment by FDG-PET/CT. While FDG-PET/CT is a powerful tool for response assessment and prognostication, PET-pneumonitis does not appear to confound early response assessment or to independently predict OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Iravani
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Guy-Anne Turgeon
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim Akhurst
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jason W Callahan
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Mathias Bressel
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Everitt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Radiation Therapy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shankar Siva
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Ball
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael P Mac Manus
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Quantification of global lung inflammation using volumetric 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a comparison of photon and proton radiation therapy. Nucl Med Commun 2019; 40:618-625. [PMID: 31095527 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiation pneumonitis is a major dose-limiting complication in thoracic radiation therapy (RT) and presents clinically in the first few months after RT. We evaluated the feasibility of quantifying pulmonary parenchymal glycolysis (PG) as a surrogate of global lung inflammation and radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity using a novel semiautomatic lung segmentation technique in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and compared PG in patients treated with photon or proton RT. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated 18 consecutive locally advanced NSCLC patients who underwent pretreatment and post-treatment F-FDG PET/CT treated with definitive (median: 66.6 Gy; 1.8 Gy fractions) photon or proton RT between 2010 and 2014. Lung volume segmentation was conducted using 3D Slicer by performing simple thresholding. Pulmonary PG was calculated by summing F-FDG uptake in the whole lung. RESULTS In nine patients treated with photon RT, significant increases in PG in both ipsilateral (mean difference: 1400±510; P=0.02) and contralateral (mean difference: 1200±450; P=0.03) lungs were noted. In nine patients treated with proton therapy, no increase in pulmonary PG was observed in either the ipsilateral (P=0.30) or contralateral lung (P=0.98). CONCLUSION We observed a significant increase in global lung inflammation bilaterally as measured by quantification of PG. However, no significant change in global lung inflammation was noted after proton therapy. Future larger studies are needed to determine whether this difference correlates with lower risks of radiation pneumonitis in NSCLC patients treated with proton therapy.
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Lee KA, Rangaswamy G, Lavan NA, Dunne M, Collins CD, Small C, Thirion P. ICORG 06-35: a prospective evaluation of PET-CT scan in patients with non-operable or non-resectable non-small cell lung cancer treated by radical 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy: a phase II study. Ir J Med Sci 2019; 188:1155-1161. [PMID: 31062176 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-019-02019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) is a key treatment modality in the curative treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Incorrect definition of the gross, or clinical, target volume is a common source of error which can lead to a reduced probability of tumour control. OBJECTIVE This was a pilot and a phase II study. The pilot evaluated the technical feasibility of integrating positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) fusion. The primary outcome of the phase II study was to evaluate the safety of PET-CT scan-based RT by evaluating the rate of loco-regional recurrence outside the PET-CT planning target volume (PTV) but within conventional 3-D PTV. METHODS Patients underwent standard post-treatment follow-up, including repeated three monthly CT scans of the thorax. In case of loco-regional recurrence, three categories were considered, with only extra-PET scan PTV and intra-CT scan PTV recurrences considered as a failure. Our hypothesis was that the rate of these events would be < 10%. RESULTS Twelve patients were recruited; the study closed early due to poor recruitment. The primary endpoint of the pilot was met; it was feasible to deliver a PET-CT-based plan to ≥ 60% of patients. Two patients had intra-PET scan PTV recurrences, six had extra-PET scan PTV and extra-CT, and three patients had both. Another patient had extra-PET scan PTV and extra-CT as well as extra-PET scan PTV and intra-CT scan PTV recurrence. CONCLUSION/ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE PET-based planning has the potential to reduce radiation treatment volumes because of the avoidance of mediastinal lymph nodes that are PET negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla A Lee
- St Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Radiation Oncology, Dublin, Ireland. .,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
| | - Guhan Rangaswamy
- St Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Radiation Oncology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Naomi A Lavan
- St Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Radiation Oncology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Dunne
- Clinical Trials, St Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor D Collins
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging St. Luke's Hospital and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Blackrock Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac Small
- Radiation Oncology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pierre Thirion
- St Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Radiation Oncology, Dublin, Ireland.,Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Yin X, Mason J, Lobachevsky PN, Munforte L, Selbie L, Ball DL, Martin RF, Leong T, Siva S, Martin OA. Radiation Therapy Modulates DNA Repair Efficiency in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 103:521-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Emerging Functional Imaging Biomarkers of Tumour Responses to Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020131. [PMID: 30678055 PMCID: PMC6407112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour responses to radiotherapy are currently primarily assessed by changes in size. Imaging permits non-invasive, whole-body assessment of tumour burden and guides treatment options for most tumours. However, in most tumours, changes in size are slow to manifest and can sometimes be difficult to interpret or misleading, potentially leading to prolonged durations of ineffective treatment and delays in changing therapy. Functional imaging techniques that monitor biological processes have the potential to detect tumour responses to treatment earlier and refine treatment options based on tumour biology rather than solely on size and staging. By considering the biological effects of radiotherapy, this review focusses on emerging functional imaging techniques with the potential to augment morphological imaging and serve as biomarkers of early response to radiotherapy.
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Ding M, Zollinger W, Ebeling R, Heard D, Posey R. Using max standardized uptake value from positron emission tomography to assess tumor responses after lung stereotactic body radiotherapy for different prescriptions. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2018; 19:226-233. [PMID: 30216639 PMCID: PMC6236840 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively investigate tumor responses of lung SBRT patients for different prescriptions. To analyze the relation between optimal biologically equivalent dose (BED) and tumor responses. METHODS AND MATERIALS Tumor responses after lung SBRT were compared by examining 48 treatments used four prescriptions. This study used simplified tumor response criteria: (a) Complete Response (CR) - post max SUV (SUVpost ) after SBRT in the treated tumor region was almost the same as the SUVs in the surrounding regions; (b) Partial Response (PR) - SUVpost was smaller than previous max SUV (SUVpre ), but was greater than the SUVs in the surrounding regions; (c) No Response (NR) - SUVpost was the same as or greater than SUVpre . Some SUVpost reported as mild or favorable responses were classified as CR/PR. BED calculated using α/β of 10 Gy were analyzed with assessments of tumor responses for SBRT prescriptions. RESULTS For the prescriptions (9 Gy × 5, 10 Gy × 5, 11 Gy × 5, and 12 Gy × 4) historically recommended by RTOG, we observed that higher BED10 and lower tumor volume would achieve a higher complete response rate. The highest complete response rate was observed for smallest tumor volume (PTVave = 6.8 cc) with higher BED10 (105.6) of 12 Gy × 4 prescription. For 11 Gy × 5 prescription, the BED10 (115.5) was the highest, but its complete response rate (58%) was lower than 79% of 12 Gy × 4 prescription. We observed the PTVave of 11 Gy × 5 prescription was more than double of the PTVave of 12 Gy × 4 prescription. For the same lung SBRT prescription (BED10 > 100) earlier staging tumor had more favorable local control. CONCLUSION We demonstrated post max SUV read from PET/CT could efficiently and accurately assess tumor response after lung SBRT. Although SBRT with prescriptions resulting in a BED10 > 100 experienced favorable tumor responses for early staging cancer, escalation of BED10 to higher levels would be beneficial for lung cancer patients with later staging and larger volume tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisong Ding
- Department of Radiation OncologyTulane University Medical CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | | | | | - David Heard
- Northeast Louisiana Cancer CenterMonroeLAUSA
| | - Ryan Posey
- Northeast Louisiana Cancer CenterMonroeLAUSA
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21
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Greater reduction in mid-treatment FDG-PET volume may be associated with worse survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 2018; 132:241-249. [PMID: 30389239 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study tested the hypotheses that 1) changes in mid-treatment fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) parameters are predictive of overall survival (OS) and 2) mid-treatment FDG-PET-adapted treatment has the potential to improve survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with stage I-III NSCLC requiring daily fractionated radiation were eligible. FDG-PET-CT scans were obtained prior to and mid-treatment with radiotherapy at 40-50 Gy. The normalized maximum standardized uptake value (NSUVmax), normalized mean SUV (NSUVmean), PET-metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and computed tomography-based gross tumor volume (CT-GTV) were consistently measured for all patients. The primary study endpoint was OS. RESULTS The study is comprised of 102 patients who received 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, among whom 30 patients who received mid-treatment PET-adapted dose escalation radiotherapy. All PET-CT parameters decreased significantly (P < 0.001) mid-treatment, with greater reductions in FDG-volumetric parameters compared to FDG-activity factors. Mid-treatment changes in MTV (P = 0.053) and TLG (P = 0.021) were associated with OS, while changes in NSUVmax, NSUVmean, and CT-GTV were not (all Ps>0.1). Patients receiving conventional radiation (60-70 Gy) with MTV reductions greater than the mean had a median survival of 14 months, compared to those with MTV reductions less than the mean who had a median survival of 22 months. By contrast, patients receiving mid-treatment PET-adapted radiation with MTV reductions greater than the mean had a median survival of 33 months, compared to those with MTV reductions less than the mean who had a median survival of 19 months. Overall, PET-adapted treatment resulted in a 19% better 5-year survival than conventional radiation. CONCLUSION Changes in mid-treatment PET-volumetric parameters were significantly associated with survival in NSCLC. A greater reduction in the mid-treatment MTV was associated with worse survival in patients treated with standard radiation, but with better survival in patients who received mid-treatment PET-adapted treatment.
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22
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Demirev AK, Kostadinova ID, Gabrovski IR. 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Parenchymal Changes Attributed to Radiation Pneumonitis. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2018; 27:107-112. [PMID: 30317847 PMCID: PMC6191728 DOI: 10.4274/mirt.55706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Radiation pneumonitis (RP) can be an adverse complication of radiotherapy (RT) and can limit the application of the already planned radiation dose. It is often associated with RT of lung carcinoma and is occasionally caused by radiation therapy of breast carcinoma and lymphomas located in the mediastinum. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) emerges lately as a prospective modality for early diagnostics of RP. The aim of this study was to summarize the initial data from diagnostic application of PET/CT in patients suspicious of RP and to derive criteria, which can help differentiate RP from early recurrence of the disease and/or residual tumor. Methods: The current study included 23 patients who had metabolic (PET) and anatomical (CT) changes consistent with RP. We additionally defined metabolic activity (SUVmax) in the lung parenchyma of 20 patients without RT. Results: All patients had increased metabolic activity in the lung parenchyma involved in the irradiated area with a mean SUVmax 3.45 (ranging between 1 and 7.1). The control group had a physiological background metabolic activity-SUVmax 0.61 +/- 0.11. Conclusion: Metabolic changes in patients suspicious of RP involved diffusely increased metabolic activity coinciding with the anatomical changes in the irradiated area. Three out of 23 patients had a proven recurrence of the primary neoplastic process in the irradiated area. The metabolic changes in those patients involved an increase in metabolic activity at follow-up or lack of tendency towards normalization after chemotherapy, which implied the existence of viable tumor cells. Our initial experience in the diagnostic application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients suspicious of RP allows us to summarize the following: PET/CT is a reliable imaging modality in the diagnostics of RP. Through its sequential use, we can differentiate inflammatory changes related to RP from early recurrence of the primary neoplastic process.
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23
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Wang S, Campbell J, Stenmark MH, Stanton P, Zhao J, Matuszak MM, Ten Haken RK, Kong FM. A model combining age, equivalent uniform dose and IL-8 may predict radiation esophagitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 2018; 126:506-510. [PMID: 29496281 PMCID: PMC5874799 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To study whether cytokine markers may improve predictive accuracy of radiation esophagitis (RE) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 129 patients with stage I-III NSCLC treated with radiotherapy (RT) from prospective studies were included. Thirty inflammatory cytokines were measured in platelet-poor plasma samples. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the risk factors of RE. Stepwise Akaike information criterion (AIC) and likelihood ratio test were used to assess model predictions. RESULTS Forty-nine of 129 patients (38.0%) developed grade ≥2 RE. Univariate analysis showed that age, stage, concurrent chemotherapy, and eight dosimetric parameters were significantly associated with grade ≥2 RE (p < 0.05). IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, IL-15, IL-1α, TGFα and eotaxin were also associated with grade ≥2 RE (p < 0.1). Age, esophagus generalized equivalent uniform dose (EUD), and baseline IL-8 were independently associated grade ≥2 RE. The combination of these three factors had significantly higher predictive power than any single factor alone. Addition of IL-8 to toxicity model significantly improves RE predictive accuracy (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Combining baseline level of IL-8, age and esophagus EUD may predict RE more accurately. Refinement of this model with larger sample sizes and validation from multicenter database are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, GRU Cancer Center and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jeff Campbell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GRU Cancer Center and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | | | - Paul Stanton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GRU Cancer Center and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GRU Cancer Center and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Martha M Matuszak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, United States
| | | | - Feng-Ming Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GRU Cancer Center and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University, United States.
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A prospective study of the feasibility of FDG-PET/CT imaging to quantify radiation-induced lung inflammation in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving proton or photon radiotherapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 46:206-216. [PMID: 30229527 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This prospective study assessed the feasibility of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to quantify radiation-induced lung inflammation in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received radiotherapy (RT), and compared the differences in inflammation in the ipsilateral and contralateral lungs following proton and photon RT. METHODS Thirty-nine consecutive patients with NSCLC underwent FDG-PET/CT imaging before and after RT on a prospective study. A novel quantitative approach utilized regions of interest placed around the anatomical boundaries of the lung parenchyma and provided lung mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), global lung glycolysis (GLG), global lung parenchymal glycolysis (GLPG) and total lung volume (LV). To quantify primary tumor metabolic response to RT, an adaptive contrast-oriented thresholding algorithm was applied to measure metabolically active tumor volume (MTV), tumor uncorrected SUVmean, tumor partial volume corrected SUVmean (tumor-PVC-SUVmean), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Parameters of FDG-PET/CT scans before and after RT were compared using two-tailed paired t-tests. RESULTS All tumor parameters after either proton or photon RT decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Among the 21 patients treated exclusively with proton RT, no significant increase in PVC-SUVmean or PVC-GLPG was observed in ipsilateral lungs after the PVC parameters of primary tumor were subtracted (p = 0.114 and p = 0.453, respectively). Also, there were no significant increases in SUVmean or GLG of contralateral lungs of patients who received proton RT (p = 0.841, p = 0.241, respectively). In contrast, among the nine patients who received photon RT, there was a statistically significant increase in PVC-GLPG of ipsilateral lung (p < 0.001) and in GLG of contralateral (p = 0.036) lung. In the subset of nine patients who received a combined proton and photon RT, there was a statistically significant increase in PVC-GLPG of ipsilateral lung (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data suggest less induction of inflammatory response in both the ipsilateral and contralateral lungs of patients treated with proton compared to photon or combined proton-photon RT.
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Patient-reported lung symptoms as an early signal of impending radiation pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiation: an observational study. Qual Life Res 2018; 27:1563-1570. [PMID: 29549533 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-1834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinician ratings of concurrent chemoradiation (CRT)-induced radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are based on both imaging and patient-reported lung symptoms. We compared the value of patient-reported outcomes versus normal-lung uptake of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose in positron emission computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) during the last week of treatment, for indicating the development of grade ≥ 2 RP within 4 months of CRT completion. METHODS 132 patients with NSCLC-reported RP-related symptoms (coughing, shortness of breath) repeatedly using the validated MD Anderson Symptom Inventory lung cancer module. Of these patients, 68 had FDG PET/CT scans that were analyzed for normal-lung mean standardized FDG uptake values (SUVmean) before, during, and up to 4 months after CRT. Clinicians rated RP using CTCAE version 3. Logistic regression models examined potential predictors for developing CTCAE RP ≥ 2. RESULTS For the entire sample, patient-rated RP-related symptoms during the last week of CRT correlated with clinically meaningful CTCAE RP ≥ 2 post-CRT (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.25-5.99, P = 0.012), controlled for sex, age, mean lung radiation dose, comorbidity, and baseline symptoms. Moderate/severe patient-rated RP-related symptom score (≥ 4 on a 0-10 scale, P = 0.001) and normal-lung FDG uptake (SUVmean > 0.78, P = 0.002) in last week of CRT were equally strong predictors of post-CRT CTCAE RP ≥ 2 (C-index = 0.78, 0.77). CONCLUSIONS During the last week of CRT, routine assessment of moderate-to-severe RP-related symptoms provides a simple way to identify patients with NSCLC who may be at risk for developing significant post-CRT RP, especially when PET/CT images of normal-lung FDG uptake are not available.
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Bissonnette JP, Yap ML, Clarke K, Shessel A, Higgins J, Vines D, Atenafu EG, Becker N, Leavens C, Bezjak A, Jaffray DA, Sun A. Serial 4DCT/4DPET imaging to predict and monitor response for locally-advanced non-small cell lung cancer chemo-radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2018; 126:347-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Giovacchini G, Picchio M, Schipani S, Landoni C, Gianolli L, Bettinardi V, Di Muzio N, Gilardi MC, Fazio F, Messa C. Changes in Glucose Metabolism during and after Radiotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 95:177-84. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Evaluation of the metabolic response to radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients is commonly performed about three months after the end of radiotherapy. The aim of the present study was to assess with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose changes in glucose metabolism during and after radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Methods and study design In 6 patients, PET/CT scans with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose were performed before (PET0), during (PET1; at a median of 14 days before the end of radiotherapy) and after the end of radiotherapy (PET2 and PET3, at a median of 28 and 93 days, respectively). The metabolic response was scored according to visual and semiquantitative criteria. Results Standardize maximum uptake at PET1 (7.9 ± 4.8), PET2 (5.1 ± 4.1) and PET3 (2.7 ± 3.1) were all significantly (P <0.05; ANOVA repeated measures) lower than at PET0 (16.1 ± 10.1). Standardized maximum uptake at PET1 was significantly higher than at both PET2 and PET3. There were no significant differences in SUVmax between PET2 and PET3. PET3 identified 4 complete and 2 partial metabolic responses, whereas PET1 identified 6 partial metabolic responses. Radiotherapy-induced increased [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake could be visually distinguished from tumor uptake based on PET/CT integration and was less frequent at PET1 (n = 2) than at PET3 (n = 6). Conclusions In non-small cell lung cancer, radiotherapy induces a progressive decrease in glucose metabolism that is greater 3 months after the end of treatment but can be detected during the treatment itself. Glucose avid, radiotherapy-induced inflammation is more evident after the end of radiotherapy than during radiotherapy and does not preclude the interpretation of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose images, particularly when using PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Picchio
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Schipani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Landoni
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Gianolli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Di Muzio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gilardi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Messa
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- Institute for Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
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MacManus M, Everitt S, Schimek-Jasch T, Li XA, Nestle U, Kong FMS. Anatomic, functional and molecular imaging in lung cancer precision radiation therapy: treatment response assessment and radiation therapy personalization. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:670-688. [PMID: 29218270 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews key imaging modalities for lung cancer patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) and considers their actual or potential contributions to critical decision-making. An international group of researchers with expertise in imaging in lung cancer patients treated with RT considered the relevant literature on modalities, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). These perspectives were coordinated to summarize the current status of imaging in lung cancer and flag developments with future implications. Although there are no useful randomized trials of different imaging modalities in lung cancer, multiple prospective studies indicate that management decisions are frequently impacted by the use of complementary imaging modalities, leading both to more appropriate treatments and better outcomes. This is especially true of 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT which is widely accepted to be the standard imaging modality for staging of lung cancer patients, for selection for potentially curative RT and for treatment planning. PET is also more accurate than CT for predicting survival after RT. PET imaging during RT is also correlated with survival and makes response-adapted therapies possible. PET tracers other than FDG have potential for imaging important biological process in tumors, including hypoxia and proliferation. MRI has superior accuracy in soft tissue imaging and the MRI Linac is a rapidly developing technology with great potential for online monitoring and modification of treatment. The role of imaging in RT-treated lung cancer patients is evolving rapidly and will allow increasing personalization of therapy according to the biology of both the tumor and dose limiting normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael MacManus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sarah Everitt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tanja Schimek-Jasch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - X Allen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Ursula Nestle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kliniken Maria Hilf, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Feng-Ming Spring Kong
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Abravan A, Knudtsen IS, Eide HA, Løndalen AM, Helland Å, van Luijk P, Malinen E. A new method to assess pulmonary changes using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography for lung cancer patients following radiotherapy. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1597-1603. [PMID: 28849707 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1349336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) may be used for assessing radiation induced alterations in the lung. However, there is a need to further develop methodologies to improve quantification. Using computed tomography (CT), a local structure method has been shown to be superior to conventional CT-based analysis. Here, we investigate whether the local structure method based on 18F-FDG-PET improves radiotherapy (RT) dose-response quantification for lung cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen patients with lung cancer undergoing fractionated RT were examined by 18F-FDG-PET/CT at three sessions (pre, mid, post) and the lung was delineated in the planning CT images. The RT dose matrix was co-registered with the PET images. For each PET image series, mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) maps were calculated based on cubes in the lung (3 × 3 × 3 voxels), where the spread in pre-therapy μ and σ was characterized by a covariance ellipse in a sub-volume of 3 × 3 × 3 cubes. Mahalanobis distance was used to measure the distance of individual cube values to the origin of the ellipse and to further form local structure 'S' maps. The structural difference maps (ΔS) and mean difference maps (Δμ) were calculated by subtracting pre-therapy maps from maps at mid- and post-therapy. Corresponding maps based on CT images were also generated. RESULTS ΔS identified new areas of interest in the lung compared to conventional Δμ maps. ΔS for PET and CT gave a significantly elevated lung signal compared to a control group during and post-RT (p < .05). Dose-response analyses by linear regression showed that ΔS between pre- and post-therapy for 18F-FDG-PET was the only parameter significantly associated with local lung dose (p = .04). CONCLUSIONS The new method using local structures on 18F-FDG-PET provides a clearer uptake dose-response compared to conventional analysis and CT-based approaches and may be valuable in future studies addressing lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Abravan
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingerid Skjei Knudtsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Astrid Eide
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Åslaug Helland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter van Luijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eirik Malinen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Use of Metabolic Parameters as Prognostic Factors During Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2017; 40:250-255. [PMID: 27028351 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the use of metabolic parameters as early prognostic factors during concomitant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervix carcinoma (LACC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between February 2008 and January 2012, 34 consecutive patients treated for LACC (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Staging System stage IB2-IVA) were included in a retrospective study. Treatment was standard of care: total dose of 45 Gy in 1.8 Gy per fraction with concurrent cisplatin followed by brachytherapy. 18F-FDG PET-CT modalities were performed before treatment and per-treatment (at 40 Gy). The analyzed parameters were: maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmax variations of the primary tumor between the 2 investigations (DSUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Survival was assessed according to early metabolic changes during chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS Median follow-up was 16 months (range, 5.3 to 32.4 mo). Median SUVmax before treatment was 13.15 (5.9 to 31) and was 5.05 (0 to 12) per-treatment. Median DSUVmax was 63.97% (0% to 100%). Median MTV before treatment was 44.16 mL (3.392 to 252.768 mL) and was 5.44 mL (0 to 69.88 mL) per-treatment. Median TLG before treatment was 249.82 mL (13.40 to 1931.10 mL) and was 20.14 mL (0 to 349.99 mL) per-treatment. At 40 Gy, SUVmax≥6, DSUVmax≤40%, MTV≥5.6 mL, and TLG≥21.6 mL were significantly associated with overall survival and progression-free survival reduction. MTV predicted progression with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 87.5% and TLG with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 83.3%. CONCLUSIONS PET-CT imaging could be useful as an early prognostic factor during treatment for LACC. MTV and TLG seem to provide better prognostic information than SUVmax and DSUVmax.
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Abravan A, Eide HA, Knudtsen IS, Løndalen AM, Helland Å, Malinen E. Assessment of pulmonary 18F-FDG-PET uptake and cytokine profiles in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and erlotinib. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 4:57-63. [PMID: 29594209 PMCID: PMC5833916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate effects of radiotherapy (RT) and erlotinib on pulmonary glucose uptake using 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) during and after treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to identify associations between serum cytokine levels and lung glucose uptake. Material and methods Twenty-seven patients with advanced NSCLC, receiving RT alone or concomitant RT and erlotinib therapy, were examined by 18F-FDG PET before, during, and after treatment. A total of 57 18F-FDG PET scans were analyzed. Pulmonary 18F-FDG uptake and radiotherapy dose mapping were used to acquire dose-response curves for each patient, where subsequent linear regression gave a glucose uptake level in the un-irradiated parts of the lungs (SUV0) and a response slope (ΔSUV). Serum cytokine levels at corresponding time points were assessed using a multiplex bioassay. Correlations between the most robust cytokines and lung 18F-FDG dose response parameters were further investigated. Results From the dose response analysis, SUV0 at post-therapy was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than at mid- and pre-therapy (45% and 58%, respectively) for the group receiving RT + erlotinib. Also, SUV0 at post-therapy was higher for patients receiving RT + erlotinib compared to RT alone (42%; P < 0.001). No differences in ΔSUV were seen with treatments or time. SUV0 was positively associated (r = 0.47, P = 0.01) with serum levels of the chemokine C-C motif ligand 21 (CCL21) for patients receiving RT + erlotinib. Conclusions Concomitant RT and erlotinib causes an elevation in pulmonary 18F-FDG uptake post treatment compared to RT alone. Pulmonary glucose uptake is associated with an upregulation of a chemokine (CCL21) involved in inflammatory reactions.
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Key Words
- 18F-FDG
- 18F-FDG, 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose
- CCL, Chemokine (CC motif) ligand
- CT, Computed tomography
- EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor
- EORTC QLQ-C30, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30
- EORTC QLQ-LC13, EORTC QLQ Lung Cancer 13
- Erlotinib
- GTV, Gross tumor volume
- HU, Hounsfield Unit
- IL, Interleukin
- Lung cancer
- MMP, Matrix metalloproteinase
- NSCLC, Non-small cell lung cancer
- PET, Positron emission tomography
- Positron emission tomography
- RILT, Radiation induced lung toxicity
- RT, Radiotherapy
- SUV, Standard uptake value
- Standardized uptake value
- Thoracic radiotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Abravan
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Astrid Eide
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingerid Skjei Knudtsen
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Åslaug Helland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Malinen
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Association of lung fluorodeoxyglucose uptake with radiation pneumonitis after concurrent chemoradiation for non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 4:1-7. [PMID: 29594201 PMCID: PMC5833918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) by lung tissue could reflect inflammatory changes related to radiation pneumonitis (RP). In this secondary analysis of a clinical trial, we examined potential associations between posttreatment lung FDG uptake and RP severity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for up to 12 months after concurrent chemoradiation (CRT). Methods Subjects were 152 patients with NSCLC who had received concurrent CRT as part of the prospective trial NCT00915005. The following lung FDG variables were evaluated after CRT: maximum, mean, and peak standardized uptake values (SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak) and global lung glycolysis (GLG; lung SUVmean × lung volume). RP severity was scored with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. Results Significant associations were noted between PET findings and RP severity at 1–6 months (all P < 0.05), but not at 7–12 months after therapy (all P > 0.05). Lung FDG uptake at 1–3 months after treatment predicted later development of grade ≥2 RP (all P < 0.05), with cutoff values as follows: 4.54 for SUVmax, 3.69 for SUVpeak, 0.78 for SUVmean, and 2295 for GLG. Conclusions Lung FDG uptake correlated significantly with RP severity during the first 6 months after CRT. The cutoff values seem clinically meaningful for identifying patients at risk of developing RP after such therapy.
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Dong M, Liu J, Sun X, Xing L. Prognositc significance of SUVmax
on pretreatment 18
F-FDG PET/CT in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy: A meta-analysis. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2017; 61:652-659. [PMID: 28266166 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Shandong Academic of Medicine Science; Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Oncology; Pingyi County People's Hospital; Linyi Shandong China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Shandong Academic of Medicine Science; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Shandong Academic of Medicine Science; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Shandong Academic of Medicine Science; Jinan Shandong China
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Predictive Value of Standardized Intratumoral Metabolic Heterogeneity in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Treated With Chemoradiation. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017; 26:777-84. [PMID: 27101524 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to propose and evaluate a novel image metric for quantifying spatial heterogeneity of tumor F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake within the context of predicting response to chemoradiation in locally advanced cervical cancer. METHODS Ninety patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with concomitant chemoradiation were included in this study. Each patient underwent two whole-body F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans with one before the initiation of treatment for staging and the other at 12 weeks after treatment completion for response assessment. Patients were categorized in terms of response to chemoradiation into two major groups: complete metabolic responders and noncomplete metabolic responders. The capacity of the proposed intratumoral heterogeneity metric to differentiate patients with respect to response to therapy was evaluated and compared with the use of standardized uptake value indices and various texture parameters that had been previously introduced for predicting tumor response to chemoradiation. RESULTS At baseline, the proposed intratumoral heterogeneity metric along with four texture features, including entropy and energy derived from gray-level co-occurrence matrices and gray-level nonuniformity and zone size nonuniformity from gray-level zone size matrices, was capable of differentiating responders' groups with P values of 0.0026, 0.0252, 0.0240, 0.0234, and 0.0188, respectively. Furthermore, when compared with the texture features exhibiting significant difference between the responders' groups, the proposed metric demonstrated larger area under receiver operating characteristic curve. CONCLUSIONS The proposed metric with quantifying spatial heterogeneity of intratumoral FDG accumulation in a normalized manner may be associated with predictive value of poor response to concurrent chemoradiation in locally advanced cervical cancer.
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Abstract
Precision medicine allows tailoring of preventive or therapeutic interventions to avoid the expense and toxicity of futile treatment given to those who will not respond. Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease functionally and morphologically. PET is a sensitive molecular imaging technique with a major role in the precision medicine algorithm of patients with lung cancer. It contributes to the precision medicine of lung neoplasia by interrogating tumor heterogeneity throughout the body. It provides anatomofunctional insight during diagnosis, staging, and restaging of the disease. It is a biomarker of tumoral heterogeneity that helps direct selection of the most appropriate treatment, the prediction of early response to cytotoxic and cytostatic therapies, and is a prognostic biomarker in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Zukotynski
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L9G 4X5, Canada; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L9G 4X5, Canada
| | - Victor H Gerbaudo
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Simone CB, Houshmand S, Kalbasi A, Salavati A, Alavi A. PET-Based Thoracic Radiation Oncology. PET Clin 2016; 11:319-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Does Routine Posttreatment PET/CT Add Value to the Care of Women With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer? Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 26:944-50. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the necessary reduction in recurrence rate that would make postchemoradiation positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) to direct completion hysterectomy for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) cost-effective.MethodsA decision model evaluated costs and recurrence rates of 2 posttreatment surveillance strategies in LACC: (1) routine surveillance without PET/CT and (2) PET/CT after 3 months to triage to completion hysterectomy. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were expressed in dollars per additional cancer recurrence avoided. Model parameters included expected rates of recurrence using each strategy, true- and false-positive rates of posttreatment PET/CT, and major complications of completion hysterectomy. From published data, we modeled an LACC baseline recurrence rate of 32%, PET/CT false-positive rate of 33%, and false-negative rate of 19%. We assumed that PET/CT revealed persistent local cervical cancer in 16% and progressive or distant disease in 6%. Costs of PET/CT, hysterectomy, and treatment for recurrence were based on Medicare reimbursements. A 50% salvage rate with hysterectomy was assumed and varied in sensitivity analysis.ResultsRoutine use of PET/CT to direct completion hysterectomy was associated with a higher average cost ($16,579 vs $15,450) and a lower recurrence rate (26% vs 32%). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of PET was $20,761 per recurrence prevented. When the probability of recurrence after hysterectomy dropped to 25% or less, PET/CT was a dominant strategy.ConclusionsRoutine use of PET/CT to determine which patients may benefit from a completion hysterectomy after chemoradiation for LACC has the potential to be highly cost-effective.
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Li H, Becker N, Raman S, Chan TCY, Bissonnette JP. The value of nodal information in predicting lung cancer relapse using 4DPET/4DCT. Med Phys 2016; 42:4727-33. [PMID: 26233200 DOI: 10.1118/1.4926755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is evidence that computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging metrics are prognostic and predictive in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment outcomes. However, few studies have explored the use of standardized uptake value (SUV)-based image features of nodal regions as predictive features. The authors investigated and compared the use of tumor and node image features extracted from the radiotherapy target volumes to predict relapse in a cohort of NSCLC patients undergoing chemoradiation treatment. METHODS A prospective cohort of 25 patients with locally advanced NSCLC underwent 4DPET/4DCT imaging for radiation planning. Thirty-seven image features were derived from the CT-defined volumes and SUVs of the PET image from both the tumor and nodal target regions. The machine learning methods of logistic regression and repeated stratified five-fold cross-validation (CV) were used to predict local and overall relapses in 2 yr. The authors used well-known feature selection methods (Spearman's rank correlation, recursive feature elimination) within each fold of CV. Classifiers were ranked on their Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) after CV. Area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity values are also presented. RESULTS For predicting local relapse, the best classifier found had a mean MCC of 0.07 and was composed of eight tumor features. For predicting overall relapse, the best classifier found had a mean MCC of 0.29 and was composed of a single feature: the volume greater than 0.5 times the maximum SUV (N). CONCLUSIONS The best classifier for predicting local relapse had only tumor features. In contrast, the best classifier for predicting overall relapse included a node feature. Overall, the methods showed that nodes add value in predicting overall relapse but not local relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyse Li
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Nathan Becker
- Radiation Oncology, UHN Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University of Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2M9, Canada
| | - Srinivas Raman
- Radiation Oncology, UHN Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University of Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2M9, Canada
| | - Timothy C Y Chan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada and Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, 124 - 100 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1P5, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Bissonnette
- Radiation Oncology, UHN Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University of Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2M9, Canada and Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, 124 - 100 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1P5, Canada
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Sawada S, Suehisa H, Ueno T, Sugimoto R, Yamashita M. Monitoring and management of lung cancer patients following curative-intent treatment: clinical utility of 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2016; 7:45-51. [PMID: 28210160 PMCID: PMC5310700 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s83644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have demonstrated that 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is superior to conventional modalities for the diagnosis of lung cancer and the evaluation of the extent of the disease. However, the efficacy of PET/CT in a follow-up surveillance setting following curative-intent treatments for lung cancer has not yet been established. We reviewed previous papers and evaluated the potential efficacy of PET-CT in the setting of follow-up surveillance. The following are our findings: 1) PET/CT is considered to be superior or equivalent to conventional modalities for the detection of local recurrence. However, inflammatory changes and fibrosis after treatments in local areas often result in false-positive findings; 2) the detection of asymptomatic distant metastasis is considered to be an advantage of PET/CT in a follow-up setting. However, it should be noted that detection of brain metastasis with PET/CT has some limitation, similar to its use in pretreatment staging; 3) additional radiation exposure and higher medical cost arising from the use of PET/CT should be taken into consideration, particularly in patients who might not have cancer after curative-intent treatment and are expected to have a long lifespan. The absence of any data regarding survival benefits and/or improvements in quality of life is another critical issue. In summary, PET/CT is considered to be more accurate and sensitive than conventional modalities for the detection of asymptomatic recurrence after curative-intent treatments. These advantages could modify subsequent management in patients with suspected recurrence and might contribute to the selection of appropriate treatments for recurrence. Therefore, PET/CT may be an alternative to conventional follow-up modalities. However, several important issues remain to be solved. PET/CT in a follow-up surveillance setting is generally not recommended in clinical practice at the moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Sawada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suehisa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ueno
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Ryujiro Sugimoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Motohiro Yamashita
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
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Personalized Radiation Therapy (PRT) for Lung Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 890:175-202. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24932-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Monitoring bone and soft-tissue tumors after carbon-ion radiotherapy using ¹⁸F-FDG positron emission tomography: a retrospective cohort study. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:259. [PMID: 26691334 PMCID: PMC4687301 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The results of treatment for malignant bone and soft-tissue tumors arising from the deep trunk and pelvis are still not acceptable due to the relatively high recurrence and low overall survival rates. Recently, carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) was applied for several malignancies, including bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, and provided favorable results. However, it has been unclear what modalities should be used for evaluating the response and for the follow-up of these patients. Here, we analyzed the methods used to predict local recurrence and to find local failures or metastases. Methods We analyzed 37 patients with bone and soft-tissue tumors who received CIRT at our institute. The patients were examined with FDG positron emission tomography (PET) and enhanced MRI before and three months after CIRT. The pre-treatment maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and that three months after treatment, the difference between the pre- and post-CIRT SUVmax, the ratio of the post- to pre-SUVmax in FDG-PET and the size of the tumors were evaluated as predictors for local recurrence. FDG-PET and enhanced MRI were used to detect local recurrence. Results Local recurrence appeared in 10 cases after CIRT. Nine of the 10 lesions (90.0 %) were detected with FDG-PET, while enhanced MRI detected just 50.0 % of the recurrences. One case of local recurrence, in which the lesion was negative on FDG-PET, was detected using enhanced MRI. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that neither the SUVmax on FDG-PET nor the tumor size before or three months after CIRT could be used to predict local recurrence. Conclusions The combination of FDG-PET and enhanced MRI is recommended to detect local recurrence for patients with sarcomas who have received CIRT; however, no parameters obtained during the examinations performed before and three months after CIRT accurately predicted the development of local recurrence.
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Applications of Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/Computed Tomography in the Assessment and Prediction of Radiation Therapy–related Complications. PET Clin 2015; 10:555-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of Bone Metastases in Oligometastatic Disease: Prognostic Factors of Oncologic Outcomes. TUMORI JOURNAL 2015; 102:59-64. [DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of bone metastases in oligometastatic disease and to investigate prognostic factors of local control (LC), progression/disease-free survival (PDFS), and overall survival (OS). Methods Eligibility criteria were number of metastates ≤5, controlled primary tumor without evidence of progression under systemic therapy, exclusion of surgery, and no previous radiotherapy of the lesion of interest. Oligometastatic status was classified into only bone (BOD) and outside bone disease (OBOD), whereas SBRT was delivered to bone lesions using 2 different schedules: 24 Gy/1 fraction or 27 Gy/3 fractions. A positron emission tomography study of the lesion of interest was performed at baseline and at 3 months after SBRT to evaluate metabolic response according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria. A Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Between January 2010 and December 2013, 40 patients were enrolled. Only 1 patient experienced severe late toxicity (radiation-related fracture). Local control was longer among responders’ than nonresponders’ lesions (94.2% and 91.2% versus 63% and 35% at 1 and 2 years, respectively) (p = 0.004; hazard ratio = 9.958). The multivariate analysis of PDFS showed a significant correlation with planning target volume (PTV) size (p = 0.003) and oligometastatic status (p = 0.002). The multivariate analysis of OS confirmed a statistically significant value of the oligometastatic status (p = 0.002) and a significant trend for PTV size (p = 0.065). Conclusions Stereotactic body radiotherapy is safe with a low incidence of severe toxicity. Positron emission tomography response was a strong prognostic factor of LC whereas BOD status and small PTV size could identify a subset of oligometastatic patients at better prognosis.
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Ypsilantis PP, Siddique M, Sohn HM, Davies A, Cook G, Goh V, Montana G. Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with PET Imaging Using Convolutional Neural Networks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137036. [PMID: 26355298 PMCID: PMC4565716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of cancer with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) has become a standard component of diagnosis and staging in oncology, and is becoming more important as a quantitative monitor of individual response to therapy. In this article we investigate the challenging problem of predicting a patient's response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy from a single 18F-FDG PET scan taken prior to treatment. We take a "radiomics" approach whereby a large amount of quantitative features is automatically extracted from pretherapy PET images in order to build a comprehensive quantification of the tumor phenotype. While the dominant methodology relies on hand-crafted texture features, we explore the potential of automatically learning low- to high-level features directly from PET scans. We report on a study that compares the performance of two competing radiomics strategies: an approach based on state-of-the-art statistical classifiers using over 100 quantitative imaging descriptors, including texture features as well as standardized uptake values, and a convolutional neural network, 3S-CNN, trained directly from PET scans by taking sets of adjacent intra-tumor slices. Our experimental results, based on a sample of 107 patients with esophageal cancer, provide initial evidence that convolutional neural networks have the potential to extract PET imaging representations that are highly predictive of response to therapy. On this dataset, 3S-CNN achieves an average 80.7% sensitivity and 81.6% specificity in predicting non-responders, and outperforms other competing predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Musib Siddique
- Department of Cancer Imaging, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Hyon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Cancer Imaging, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Davies
- Department of Cancer Imaging, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Cook
- Department of Cancer Imaging, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Goh
- Department of Cancer Imaging, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Montana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Siva S, Deb S, Young RJ, Hicks RJ, Callahan J, Bressel M, Mileshkin L, Rischin D, Bernshaw D, Narayan K. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT following chemoradiation of uterine cervix cancer provides powerful prognostic stratification independent of HPV status: a prospective cohort of 105 women with mature survival data. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:1825-32. [PMID: 26173619 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report 5-year outcomes of a prospective registry study investigating posttherapy FDG PET/CT in women with locally advanced cervical cancer. A secondary analysis assessing the prognostic significance of HPV infection was performed. METHODS Patients underwent definitive chemoradiation followed by a single FDG PET/CT scan for response assessment. A complete metabolic response (CMR) was defined as no evidence of FDG-avid disease. Patients were dichotomized according to HPV infection status into a 'higher-risk' group and a 'lower-risk' group, with the higher-risk group comprising those with alpha-7 strain HPV (subtypes 18, 39 and 45) and those who were HPV-negative and the lower-risk group comprising those with alpha-9 strain HPV (subtypes 16, 31, 33, 52 and 58) and those with mixed strains. Survival outcomes, patterns of failure and salvage therapy outcomes were investigated for their association with metabolic response and HPV status. RESULTS In 105 patients the median prospective follow-up was 5.2 years. The 5-year cancer-specific, overall and progression-free survival rates in patients with a CMR were 97 %, 93 % and 86 %, respectively. In patients without a CMR, the corresponding 5-year survival rates were 36 %, 22 % and 0 % respectively (p < 0.01). PET response was associated with patterns of failure (p < 0.01), with the 5-year freedom from local, nodal and distant failure in patients with a CMR being 94 %, 90 % and 94 %, respectively. Of 16 patients who underwent salvage therapy, 12 had disease detected on the surveillance PET scan, and 8 achieved a post-salvage CMR of whom all were alive at a median of 4.9 years. DNA adequate for HPV analysis was extracted in 68 patients. The likelihood of a PET metabolic response was not influenced by HPV infection status, with 71 % and 75 % of higher-risk and lower-risk patients, respectively, achieving CMR (p = 0.83). Higher-risk patients had a poorer OS (HR 2.6, range 1.0 - 6.6, p = 0.05) in univariable analysis but not multivariable analysis (p = 0.11). CONCLUSION At 5 years CMR remains a powerful factor predicting survival after initial and salvage therapy. Metabolic response was not associated with HPV infection risk. Further studies are required to establish the association with HPV infection risk and survival after chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Siva
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Street, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Siddhartha Deb
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard J Young
- Molecular Therapeutics and Biomarkers Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Street, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jason Callahan
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Street, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mathias Bressel
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Bernshaw
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Street, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kailash Narayan
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Street, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia
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Siva S, Hardcastle N, Kron T, Bressel M, Callahan J, MacManus MP, Shaw M, Plumridge N, Hicks RJ, Steinfort D, Ball DL, Hofman MS. Ventilation/Perfusion Positron Emission Tomography--Based Assessment of Radiation Injury to Lung. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 93:408-17. [PMID: 26275510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate (68)Ga-ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) as a novel imaging modality for assessment of perfusion, ventilation, and lung density changes in the context of radiation therapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS In a prospective clinical trial, 20 patients underwent 4-dimensional (4D)-V/Q PET/CT before, midway through, and 3 months after definitive lung RT. Eligible patients were prescribed 60 Gy in 30 fractions with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Functional images were registered to the RT planning 4D-CT, and isodose volumes were averaged into 10-Gy bins. Within each dose bin, relative loss in standardized uptake value (SUV) was recorded for ventilation and perfusion, and loss in air-filled fraction was recorded to assess RT-induced lung fibrosis. A dose-effect relationship was described using both linear and 2-parameter logistic fit models, and goodness of fit was assessed with Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). RESULTS A total of 179 imaging datasets were available for analysis (1 scan was unrecoverable). An almost perfectly linear negative dose-response relationship was observed for perfusion and air-filled fraction (r(2)=0.99, P<.01), with ventilation strongly negatively linear (r(2)=0.95, P<.01). Logistic models did not provide a better fit as evaluated by AIC. Perfusion, ventilation, and the air-filled fraction decreased 0.75 ± 0.03%, 0.71 ± 0.06%, and 0.49 ± 0.02%/Gy, respectively. Within high-dose regions, higher baseline perfusion SUV was associated with greater rate of loss. At 50 Gy and 60 Gy, the rate of loss was 1.35% (P=.07) and 1.73% (P=.05) per SUV, respectively. Of 8/20 patients with peritumoral reperfusion/reventilation during treatment, 7/8 did not sustain this effect after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Radiation-induced regional lung functional deficits occur in a dose-dependent manner and can be estimated by simple linear models with 4D-V/Q PET/CT imaging. These findings may inform future studies of functional lung avoidance using V/Q PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Siva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Hardcastle
- Department of Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Tomas Kron
- Department of Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mathias Bressel
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Callahan
- Centre for Molecular Imaging, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael P MacManus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Shaw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nikki Plumridge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Centre for Molecular Imaging, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Daniel Steinfort
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - David L Ball
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Centre for Molecular Imaging, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Palner M, Shen B, Jeon J, Lin J, Chin FT, Rao J. Preclinical Kinetic Analysis of the Caspase-3/7 PET Tracer 18F-C-SNAT: Quantifying the Changes in Blood Flow and Tumor Retention After Chemotherapy. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1415-21. [PMID: 26045308 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.155259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Early detection of tumor response to therapy is crucial to the timely identification of the most efficacious treatments. We recently developed a novel apoptosis imaging tracer, (18)F-C-SNAT (C-SNAT is caspase-sensitive nanoaggregation tracer), that undergoes an intramolecular cyclization reaction after cleavage by caspase-3/7, a biomarker of apoptosis. This caspase-3/7-dependent reaction leads to an enhanced accumulation and retention of (18)F activity in apoptotic tumors. This study aimed to fully examine in vivo pharmacokinetics of the tracer through PET imaging and kinetic modeling in a preclinical mouse model of tumor response to systemic anticancer chemotherapy. METHODS Tumor-bearing nude mice were treated 3 times with intravenous injections of doxorubicin before undergoing a 120-min dynamic (18)F-C-SNAT PET/CT scan. Time-activity curves were extracted from the tumor and selected organs. A 2-tissue-compartment model was fitted to the time-activity curves from tumor and muscle, using the left ventricle of the heart as input function, and the pharmacokinetic rate constants were calculated. RESULTS Both tumor uptake (percentage injected dose per gram) and the tumor-to-muscle activity ratio were significantly higher in the treated mice than untreated mice. Pharmacokinetic rate constants calculated by the 2-tissue-compartment model showed a significant increase in delivery and accumulation of the tracer after the systemic chemotherapeutic treatment. Delivery of (18)F-C-SNAT to the tumor tissue, quantified as K1, increased from 0.31 g⋅(mL⋅min)(-1) in untreated mice to 1.03 g⋅(mL⋅min)(-1) in treated mice, a measurement closely related to changes in blood flow. Accumulation of (18)F-C-SNAT, quantified as k3, increased from 0.03 to 0.12 min(-1), proving a higher retention of (18)F-C-SNAT in treated tumors independent from changes in blood flow. An increase in delivery was also found in the muscular tissue of treated mice without increasing accumulation. CONCLUSION (18)F-C-SNAT has significantly increased tumor uptake and significantly increased tumor-to-muscle ratio in a preclinical mouse model of tumor therapy. Furthermore, our kinetic modeling of (18)F-C-SNAT shows that chemotherapeutic treatment increased accumulation (k3) in the treated tumors, independent of increased delivery (K1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Palner
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and
| | - Jongho Jeon
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and
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Siva S, Callahan JW, Kron T, Chesson B, Barnett SA, Macmanus MP, Hicks RJ, Ball DL. Respiratory-gated (4D) FDG-PET detects tumour and normal lung response after stereotactic radiotherapy for pulmonary metastases. Acta Oncol 2015; 54:1105-12. [PMID: 25833329 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2015.1027409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response assessment after stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) in lung can be confounded by radiation-induced inflammation, fibrosis and subsequent alteration of tumour motion. The purpose of this prospective pilot study was to evaluate the utility of four-dimensional (4D) FDG-PET/CT for post-SABR tumour and normal lung response assessment in pulmonary oligometastases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients enrolled from February 2010 to December 2011 in this prospective ethics approved study had 1-2 pulmonary metastases on staging FDG-PET. Serial contemporaneous 3D and 4D FDG-PET/CT scans were performed at baseline, 14 days and 70 days after a single fraction of 26 Gy SABR. Tumour response was evaluated in 3D and 4D using SUVmax, RECIST and PERCIST criteria. Normal lung radiotoxicity was evaluated using SUVmean within 0-2 Gy, 2-5 Gy, 5-10 Gy, 10-20 Gy and 20 + Gy isodose volumes. RESULTS In total, 17 patients were enrolled of which seven were ineligible due to interval progression from staging PET to baseline 4D-PET. The mean time between scans was 62 days. At a median follow-up of 16 months, 10 patients with 13 metastases received SABR, with no patient having local progression. The vector of tumour motion was larger in patients with discordant 3D and 4D PET PERCIST response (p < 0.01), with a mean (± SEM) motion of 10.5 mm (± 0.96 mm) versus 6.14 mm (± 0.81 mm) in those patients with concordant 3D and 4D response. Surrounding normal lung FDG uptake at 70 days was strongly correlated to delivered radiation dose (r(2) = 0.99, p < 0.01), with significant elevations across all dose levels (p ≤ 0.05), except the < 2 Gy volume (p = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate high rates of interval progression between staging PET scans in patients with oligometastases. We found that tumour response on conventional 3D PET is not concordant with 4D PET for tumours with large motion. Normal lung metabolic uptake is strongly dose dependent after SABR, a novel finding that should be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Siva
- a Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria , Australia
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Santyr G, Fox M, Thind K, Hegarty E, Ouriadov A, Jensen M, Scholl TJ, Van Dyk J, Wong E. Anatomical, functional and metabolic imaging of radiation-induced lung injury using hyperpolarized MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:1515-1524. [PMID: 25156928 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MRI of hyperpolarized (129)Xe gas and (13)C-enriched substrates (e.g. pyruvate) presents an unprecedented opportunity to map anatomical, functional and metabolic changes associated with lung injury. In particular, inhaled hyperpolarized (129)Xe gas is exquisitely sensitive to changes in alveolar microanatomy and function accompanying lung inflammation through decreases in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of alveolar gas and increases in the transfer time (T(tr)) of xenon exchange from the gas and into the dissolved phase in the lung. Furthermore, metabolic changes associated with hypoxia arising from lung injury may be reflected by increases in lactate-to-pyruvate signal ratio obtained by magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging following injection of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate. In this work, the application of hyperpolarized (129)Xe and (13)C MRI to radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is reviewed and results of ADC, T(tr) and lactate-to-pyruvate signal ratio changes in a rat model of RILI are summarized. These results are consistent with conventional functional (i.e. blood gases) and histological (i.e. tissue density) changes, and correlate significantly with inflammatory cell counts (i.e. macrophages). Hyperpolarized MRI may provide an earlier indication of lung injury associated with radiotherapy of thoracic tumors, potentially allowing adjustment of treatment before the onset of severe complications and irreversible fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles Santyr
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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