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Besuglow J, Tessonnier T, Mein S, Eichkorn T, Haberer T, Herfarth K, Abdollahi A, Debus J, Mairani A. Understanding Relative Biological Effectiveness and Clinical Outcome of Prostate Cancer Therapy Using Particle Irradiation: Analysis of Tumor Control Probability With the Modified Microdosimetric Kinetic Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:1545-1556. [PMID: 38423224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent experimental studies and clinical trial results might indicate that-at least for some indications-continued use of the mechanistic model for relative biological effectiveness (RBE) applied at carbon ion therapy facilities in Europe for several decades (LEM-I) may be unwarranted. We present a novel clinical framework for prostate cancer treatment planning and tumor control probability (TCP) prediction based on the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (mMKM) for particle therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Treatment plans of 91 patients with prostate tumors (proton: 46, carbon ions: 45) applying 66 GyRBE [RBE = 1.1 for protons and LEM-I, (α/β)x = 2.0 Gy, for carbon ions] in 20 fractions were recalculated using mMKM [(α/β)x = 3.1 Gy]). Based solely on the response data of photon-irradiated patient groups stratified according to risk and usage of androgen deprivation therapy, we derived parameters for an mMKM-based Poisson-TCP model. Subsequently, new carbon and helium ion plans, adhering to prescribed biological dose criteria, were generated. These were systematically compared with the clinical experience of Japanese centers employing an analogous fractionation scheme and existing proton plans. RESULTS mMKM predictions suggested significant biological dose deviation between the proton and carbon ion arms. Patients irradiated with protons received (3.25 ± 0.08) GyRBEmMKM/Fx, whereas patients treated with carbon ions received(2.51 ± 0.05) GyRBEmMKM/Fx. TCP predictions were (86 ± 3)% for protons and (52 ± 4)% for carbon ions, matching the clinical outcome of 85% and 50%. Newly optimized carbon ion plans, guided by the mMKM/TCP model, effectively replicated clinical data from Japanese centers. Using mMKM, helium ions exhibited similar target coverage as proton and carbon ions and improved rectum and bladder sparing compared with proton. CONCLUSIONS Our mMKM-based model for prostate cancer treatment planning and TCP prediction was validated against clinical data for proton and carbon ion therapy, and its application was extended to helium ion therapy. Based on the data presented in this work, mMKM seems to be a good candidate for clinical biological calculations in carbon ion therapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Besuglow
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology (E210), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Tessonnier
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology (E210), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stewart Mein
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology (E210), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tanja Eichkorn
- National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haberer
- National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Herfarth
- National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology (E210), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology (E050), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Mairani
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology (E210), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Physics, National Centre of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy.
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Miyasaka Y, Kawamura H, Sato H, Kubo N, Katoh H, Ishikawa H, Matsui H, Miyazawa Y, Ito K, Suzuki K, Ohno T. Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy for Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis. Adv Radiat Oncol 2024; 9:101432. [PMID: 38778824 PMCID: PMC11110035 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2023.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Treatment outcomes of definitive photon radiation therapy for nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) are reportedly unsatisfactory. Carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) has shown favorable tumor control in various malignancies, including radioresistant tumors. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of CIRT for nmCRPC. Methods and Materials Patients with nmCRPC (N0M0) treated with CIRT at a total dose of 57.6 Gy (relative biologic effectiveness) in 16 fractions or 51.6 Gy (relative biologic effectiveness) in 12 fractions were included. The castration-resistant status received a diagnosis based on prostate-specific antigen kinetics showing a monotonic increase during primary androgen deprivation therapy or the need to change androgen deprivation therapy. Clinical factors associated with patient prognosis were explored. Twenty-three consecutive patients were identified from our database. The median follow-up period was 63.6 months (range, 14.1-120). Results Seven patients developed biochemical relapse, 6 had clinical relapse, and 4 died of the disease. The 5-year overall survival, local control rate, biochemical relapse-free survival, and clinical relapse-free survival were 87.5%, 95.7%, 70.3%, and 75.7%, respectively. One patient with diabetes mellitus requiring insulin injections and taking antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs developed grade 3 hematuria and bladder tamponade after CIRT. None of the patients developed grade 4 or worse toxicity. Conclusions The present findings indicate the acceptable safety and favorable efficacy of CIRT, encouraging further research on CIRT for nmCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Miyasaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Kawamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Kubo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Miyazawa
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ito
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Takakusagi Y, Koge H, Kano K, Shima S, Tsuchida K, Mizoguchi N, Yoshida D, Kamada T, Katoh H. Five-year clinical outcomes of scanning carbon-ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290617. [PMID: 38457424 PMCID: PMC10923478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has been associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer. At our facility, all patients are treated using scanning CIRT (sCIRT). We retrospectively analyzed five-year clinical outcomes of prostate cancer treated with sCIRT to investigate treatment efficacy and toxicity. METHODS In this study, we included 253 consecutive prostate cancer patients treated with sCIRT at the Kanagawa Cancer Center from December 2015 to December 2017. The total dose of sCIRT was set at 51.6 Gy (relative biological effect) in 12 fractions over three weeks. We employed the Phoenix definition for biochemical relapse. The overall survival (OS), biochemical relapse-free (bRF) rate, and cumulative incidence of late toxicity were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Toxicity was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 70 years (range: 47-86 years). The median follow-up duration was 61.1 months (range: 4.1-80.3 months). Eight (3.2%), 88 (34.8%), and 157 (62.1%) patients were in the low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups, respectively, according to the D'Amico classification system. The five-year OS and bRF were 97.5% and 93.3%, respectively. The five-year bRF rates for the low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups were 87.5%, 93.7%, and 93.4%, respectively (p = 0.7215). The five-year cumulative incidence of Grade 2 or more late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity was 7.4% and 1.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that sCIRT has a favorable therapeutic effect and low toxicity in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Takakusagi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Koge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kio Kano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shima
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tsuchida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mizoguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
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Hirai R, Mori S, Suyari H, Tsuji H, Ishikawa H. Optimizing 3DCT image registration for interfractional changes in carbon-ion prostate radiotherapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7448. [PMID: 37156901 PMCID: PMC10167266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To perform setup procedures including both positional and dosimetric information, we developed a CT-CT rigid image registration algorithm utilizing water equivalent pathlength (WEPL)-based image registration and compared the resulting dose distribution with those of two other algorithms, intensity-based image registration and target-based image registration, in prostate cancer radiotherapy using the carbon-ion pencil beam scanning technique. We used the data of the carbon ion therapy planning CT and the four-weekly treatment CTs of 19 prostate cancer cases. Three CT-CT registration algorithms were used to register the treatment CTs to the planning CT. Intensity-based image registration uses CT voxel intensity information. Target-based image registration uses target position on the treatment CTs to register it to that on the planning CT. WEPL-based image registration registers the treatment CTs to the planning CT using WEPL values. Initial dose distributions were calculated using the planning CT with the lateral beam angles. The treatment plan parameters were optimized to administer the prescribed dose to the PTV on the planning CT. Weekly dose distributions using the three different algorithms were calculated by applying the treatment plan parameters to the weekly CT data. Dosimetry, including the dose received by 95% of the clinical target volume (CTV-D95), rectal volumes receiving > 20 Gy (RBE) (V20), > 30 Gy (RBE) (V30), and > 40 Gy (RBE) (V40), were calculated. Statistical significance was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Interfractional CTV displacement over all patients was 6.0 ± 2.7 mm (19.3 mm maximum standard amount). WEPL differences between the planning CT and the treatment CT were 1.2 ± 0.6 mm-H2O (< 3.9 mm-H2O), 1.7 ± 0.9 mm-H2O (< 5.7 mm-H2O) and 1.5 ± 0.7 mm-H2O (< 3.6 mm-H2O maxima) with the intensity-based image registration, target-based image registration, and WEPL-based image registration, respectively. For CTV coverage, the D95 values on the planning CT were > 95% of the prescribed dose in all cases. The mean CTV-D95 values were 95.8 ± 11.5% and 98.8 ± 1.7% with the intensity-based image registration and target-based image registration, respectively. The WEPL-based image registration was CTV-D95 to 99.0 ± 0.4% and rectal Dmax to 51.9 ± 1.9 Gy (RBE) compared to 49.4 ± 9.1 Gy (RBE) with intensity-based image registration and 52.2 ± 1.8 Gy (RBE) with target-based image registration. The WEPL-based image registration algorithm improved the target coverage from the other algorithms and reduced rectal dose from the target-based image registration, even though the magnitude of the interfractional variation was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Hirai
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kanagawa, 212-8582, Japan
- Department of Information and Image Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Mori
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Suyari
- Department of Information and Image Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Hu W, Li P, Hong Z, Guo X, Pei Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Q. Functional imaging-guided carbon ion irradiation with simultaneous integrated boost for localized prostate cancer: study protocol for a phase II randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials 2022; 23:934. [PMID: 36348363 PMCID: PMC9644615 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the physical dose distribution characteristic of “Bragg peak” and the biological effect as a kind of high linear energy transfer ray, heavy ion therapy has advantages over conventional photon therapy in both efficacy and safety. Based on the evidence that prostate cancer lesions before treatment are the most common sites of tumor residual or recurrence after treatment, simultaneous integrated boost radiation therapy for prostate cancer has been proven to have the advantage of improving efficacy without increasing toxicities. Methods This study is a prospective phase II randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of functional imaging-guided carbon ion irradiation with simultaneous integrated boost for localized prostate cancer. One hundred and forty patients with localized prostate cancer will be randomized into carbon ion radiotherapy group and simultaneous integrated boost carbon ion radiotherapy group at a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint is to compare the incidence of treatment-related grade 2 and higher acute toxicities between the two groups according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) version 4.03. Secondary endpoints are late toxicities, biochemical relapse-free survival, overall survival, progression-free survival, and quality of life. Discussion This study adopts functional imaging-guided simultaneous integrated boost of carbon ion radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer, aiming to evaluate the differences in the severity and incidence of acute toxicities in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with carbon ion radiotherapy and simultaneous integrated boost carbon ion radiotherapy, in order to optimize the carbon ion treatment strategy for localized prostate cancer. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05010343. Retrospectively registered on 18 August 2021
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Ishikawa H, Hiroshima Y, Kanematsu N, Inaniwa T, Shirai T, Imai R, Suzuki H, Akakura K, Wakatsuki M, Ichikawa T, Tsuji H. Carbon-ion radiotherapy for urological cancers. Int J Urol 2022; 29:1109-1119. [PMID: 35692124 PMCID: PMC9796467 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-ions are charged particles with a high linear energy transfer, and therefore, they make a better dose distribution with greater biological effects on the tumors compared with photons and protons. Since prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and retroperitoneal sarcomas such as liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma are known to be radioresistant tumors, carbon-ion radiotherapy, which provides the advantageous radiobiological properties such as an increasing relative biological effectiveness toward the Bragg peak, a reduced oxygen enhancement ratio, and a reduced dependence on fractionation and cell-cycle stage, has been tested for these urological tumors at the National Institute for Radiological Sciences since 1994. To promote carbon-ion radiotherapy as a standard cancer therapy, the Japan Carbon-ion Radiation Oncology Study Group was established in 2015 to create a registry of all treated patients and conduct multi-institutional prospective studies in cooperation with all the Japanese institutes. Based on accumulating evidence of the efficacy and feasibility of carbon-ion therapy for prostate cancer and retroperitoneal sarcoma, it is now covered by the Japanese health insurance system. On the other hand, carbon-ion radiotherapy for renal cell cancer is not still covered by the insurance system, although the two previous studies showed the efficacy. In this review, we introduce the characteristics, clinical outcomes, and perspectives of carbon-ion radiotherapy and our efforts to disseminate the use of this new technology worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ishikawa
- QST HospitalNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Yuichi Hiroshima
- QST HospitalNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Kanematsu
- QST HospitalNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Taku Inaniwa
- QST HospitalNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- QST HospitalNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Reiko Imai
- QST HospitalNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of UrologyToho University Sakura Medical CenterChibaJapan
| | - Koichiro Akakura
- Department of UrologyJapan Community Health‐care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Masaru Wakatsuki
- QST HospitalNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- QST HospitalNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
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Hiroshima Y, Ishikawa H, Iwai Y, Wakatsuki M, Utsumi T, Suzuki H, Akakura K, Harada M, Sakurai H, Ichikawa T, Tsuji H. Safety and Efficacy of Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Elderly Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164015. [PMID: 36011007 PMCID: PMC9406609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a high-dose intensive treatment, whose safety and efficacy have been proven for prostate cancer. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of CIRT in elderly patients with prostate cancer. Patients aged 75 years or above at the initiation of CIRT were designated as the elderly group, and younger than 75 years as the young group. The overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), biochemical control rate (BCR), biochemical relapse-free survival (BRFS), and adverse events were compared between the elderly and young patients with high-risk prostate cancer treated with CIRT. The elderly group comprised 173 of 927 patients treated for high-risk prostate cancer between April 2000 and May 2018. The overall median age was 69 (range: 45−92) years. The median follow-up period was 91.9 (range: 12.6−232.3) months. The 10-year OS, DSS, BCR, and BRFS rates in the young and elderly groups were 86.9%/71.5%, 96.6%/96.8%, 76.8%/88.1%, and 68.6%/64.3%, respectively. The OS (p < 0.001) was longer in the younger group and the BCR was better in the elderly group (p = 0.008). The DSS and BRFS did not differ significantly between the two groups. The rates of adverse events between the two groups did not differ significantly and no patient had an adverse event of Grade 4 or higher during the study period. CIRT may be as effective and safe in elderly patients as the treatment for high-risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hiroshima
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuma Iwai
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaru Wakatsuki
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takanobu Utsumi
- Department of Urology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Koichiro Akakura
- Department of Urology, Japan Community Health-Care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo 162-8543, Japan
| | - Masaoki Harada
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakurai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Eichkorn T, Karger CP, Brons S, Koerber SA, Mielke T, Haberer T, Debus J, Herfarth K. Results of a prospective randomized trial on long-term effectiveness of protons and carbon ions in prostate cancer: LEM I and α/β = 2 Gy overestimates the RBE. Radiother Oncol 2022; 173:223-230. [PMID: 35714806 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the long-term effectiveness of carbon ions relative to protons in the prospective randomized controlled ion prostate irradiation (IPI) trial. METHODS Effectiveness via PSA assessment in a randomized study on prostate irradiation with 20x3.3 Gy(RBE) protons versus carbon ions was analyzed in 92 patients. Proton RBE was based on a fixed RBE of 1.1 while the local effect model (LEM) I and an α/β = 2 Gy was used for carbon ions. The dose in the prostate was recalculated based on the delivered treatment plan using LEM I and LEM IV and different α/β values. RESULTS Five-year overall and progression free survival was 98% and 85% with protons and 91% and 50% with carbon ions, respectively, with the latter being unexpectedly low compared to Japanese carbon ion data and rather corresponding to a photon dose <72 Gy in 2 Gy fractions. According to LEM I and the applied α/β-value of 2 Gy, the applied carbon ion dose in 2 Gy(RBE) fractions (EQD2) was 87.46 Gy(RBE). Recalculations confirmed a strong dependence of RBE-weighted dose on the α/β ratio as well as on the RBE-model. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate a significant lower effectiveness of the calculated RBE-weighted dose in the carbon ion as compared to the proton arm. LEM I and an α/β = 2 Gy overestimates the RBE for carbon ions in prostate cancer treatment. Adjusting the biological dose calculation by using LEM I with α/β = 4 Gy could be a pragmatic way to safely escalate dose in carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Eichkorn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christian P Karger
- National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Germany; Dept. of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Brons
- National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Germany.
| | - Stefan Alexander Koerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Mielke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Haberer
- National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Germany; Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Juergen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology (E050), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany.
| | - Klaus Herfarth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Chen X, Yu Q, Li P, Fu S. Landscape of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer: Clinical Application and Translational Research. Front Oncol 2021; 11:760752. [PMID: 34804961 PMCID: PMC8602827 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.760752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a useful and advanced technique for prostate cancer. This study sought to investigate the clinical efficacy and translational research for prostate cancer with carbon ion radiotherapy. We integrated the data from published articles, clinical trials websites, and our data. The efficacy of CIRT for prostate cancer was assessed in terms of overall survival, biochemical recurrence-free survival, and toxicity response. Up to now, clinical treatment of carbon ion radiotherapy has been carried in only five countries. We found that carbon ion radiotherapy induced little genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity when used for prostate cancer treatment. To some extent, it led to improved outcomes in overall survival, biochemical recurrence-free survival than conventional radiotherapy, especially for high-risk prostate cancer. Carbon ion radiotherapy brought clinical benefits for prostate cancer patients, and quality of life assessment indicated that CIRT affected patients to a lesser extent. Potential biomarkers from our omics-based study could be used to predict the efficacy of prostate cancer with CIRT. Carbon ion radiotherapy brought clinical benefits for prostate cancer patients. The omics-based translational research may provide insights into individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Proton & Heavy Ion Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Concord Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy lon Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Proton & Heavy Ion Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Concord Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Sato H, Kasuya G, Ishikawa H, Nomoto A, Ono T, Nakajima M, Isozaki Y, Yamamoto N, Iwai Y, Nemoto K, Ichikawa T, Tsuji H. Long-term clinical outcomes after 12-fractionated carbon-ion radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3598-3606. [PMID: 34107139 PMCID: PMC8409298 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no clinical reports of long-term follow-up after carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) using a dose of 51.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) in 12 fractions for localized prostate cancer, or of a comparison of clinical outcomes between passive and scanning beam irradiation. A total of 256 patients with localized prostate cancer who received CIRT at a dose of 51.6 Gy (RBE) in 12 fractions using two different beam delivery techniques (passive [n = 45] and scanning [n = 211]), and who were followed for more than 1 year, were analyzed. The biochemical relapse-free (bRF) rate was defined by the Phoenix definition, and the actuarial toxicity rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Of the 256 patients, 41 (16.0%), 111 (43.4%), and 104 (40.6%) were classified as low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively, after a median follow-up of 7.0 (range 1.1-10.4) years. Androgen deprivation therapy was performed in 212 patients (82.8%). The 5-year bRF rates of the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients were 95.1%, 90.9%, and 91.1%, respectively. The 5-year rates of grade 2 late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities in all patients were 0.4% and 6.3%, respectively. No grade ≥3 toxicities were observed. There were no significant differences in the rates of bRF or grade 2 toxicities in patients who received passive irradiation versus scanning irradiation. Our long-term follow-up results showed that a CIRT regimen of 51.6 Gy (RBE) in 12 fractions for localized prostate cancer yielded a good therapeutic outcome and low toxicity rates irrespective of the beam delivery technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Sato
- Department of Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineYamagata UniversityYamagataJapan
| | - Goro Kasuya
- Quantum Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (formerly the National Institute of Radiological Science Hospital)QST HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Quantum Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (formerly the National Institute of Radiological Science Hospital)QST HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Akihiro Nomoto
- Quantum Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (formerly the National Institute of Radiological Science Hospital)QST HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineYamagata UniversityYamagataJapan
- Quantum Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (formerly the National Institute of Radiological Science Hospital)QST HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Mio Nakajima
- Quantum Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (formerly the National Institute of Radiological Science Hospital)QST HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Yuka Isozaki
- Quantum Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (formerly the National Institute of Radiological Science Hospital)QST HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Naoyoshi Yamamoto
- Quantum Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (formerly the National Institute of Radiological Science Hospital)QST HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Yuma Iwai
- Quantum Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (formerly the National Institute of Radiological Science Hospital)QST HospitalChibaJapan
- Department of RadiologyGraduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Kenji Nemoto
- Department of Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineYamagata UniversityYamagataJapan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- Quantum Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (formerly the National Institute of Radiological Science Hospital)QST HospitalChibaJapan
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11
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Miyasaka Y, Kawamura H, Sato H, Kubo N, Mizukami T, Matsui H, Miyazawa Y, Ito K, Nakano T, Suzuki K, Ohno T. Carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer with bladder invasion. BMC Urol 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 34362355 PMCID: PMC8349048 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The optimal management of clinical T4 (cT4) prostate cancer (PC) is still uncertain.
At our institution, carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for nonmetastatic PC, including tumors invading the bladder, has been performed since 2010. Since carbon ion beams provide a sharp dose distribution with minimal penumbra and have biological advantages over photon radiotherapy, CIRT may provide a therapeutic benefit for PC with bladder invasion. Hence, we evaluated CIRT for PC with bladder invasion in terms of the safety and efficacy. Methods Between March 2010 and December 2016, a total of 1337 patients with nonmetastatic PC received CIRT at a total dose of 57.6 Gy (RBE) in 16 fractions over 4 weeks. Among them, seven patients who had locally advanced PC with bladder invasion were identified. Long-term androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) was also administered to these patients. Adverse events were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event version 5.0. Results At the completion of our study, all the patients with cT4 PC were alive with a median follow-up period of 78 months. Grade 2 acute urinary disorders were observed in only one patient. Regarding late toxicities, only one patient developed grade 2 hematuria and urinary urgency. There was no grade 3 or worse toxicity, and gastrointestinal toxicity was not observed. Six (85.7%) patients had no recurrence or metastasis. One patient had biochemical and local failures 42 and 45 months after CIRT, respectively. However, the recurrent disease has been well controlled by salvage ADT. Conclusions Seven patients with locally advanced PC invading the bladder treated with CIRT were evaluated. Our findings seem to suggest positive safety and efficacy profiles for CIRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Miyasaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Kawamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan. .,Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Kubo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Mizukami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Miyazawa
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ito
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.,Kurosawa Hospital, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan
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12
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Tsuchida K, Minohara S, Kusano Y, Kano K, Anno W, Takakusagi Y, Mizoguchi N, Serizawa I, Yoshida D, Imura K, Takayama Y, Kamada T, Katoh H, Ohno T. Interfractional robustness of scanning carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer: An analysis based on dose distribution from daily in-room CT images. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 22:130-138. [PMID: 34046997 PMCID: PMC8200452 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We analyzed interfractional robustness of scanning carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for prostate cancer based on the dose distribution using daily in‐room computed tomography (CT) images. Materials and Methods We analyzed 11 consecutive patients treated with scanning CIRT for localized prostate cancer in our hospital between December 2015 and January 2016. In‐room CT images were taken under treatment conditions in every treatment session. The dose distribution on each in‐room CT image was recalculated, while retaining the pencil beam arrangement of the initial treatment plan. Then, the dose–volume histogram (DVH) parameters including the percentage of the clinical target volume (CTV) with 95% and 90% of the prescribed dose area (V95% of CTV, V90% of CTV) and V80% of rectum were calculated. The acceptance criteria for the CTV and rectum were set at V95% of CTV ≥95%, V90% of CTV ≥98%, and V80% of rectum < 10 ml. Results V95% of CTV, V90% of CTV, and V80% of rectum for the reproduced plans were 98.8 ± 3.49%, 99.5 ± 2.15%, and 4.39 ± 3.96 ml, respectively. Acceptance of V95% of CTV, V90% of CTV, and V80% of rectum was obtained in 123 (94%), 125 (95%) and 117 sessions (89%), respectively. Acceptance of the mean dose of V95% of CTV, V90% of CTV, and V80% of rectum for each patient was obtained in 10 (91%), 10 (91%), and 11 patients (100%), respectively. Conclusions We demonstrated acceptable interfractional robustness based on the dose distribution in scanning CIRT for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tsuchida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shinichi Minohara
- Section of Medical Physics and Engineering, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Kusano
- Section of Medical Physics and Engineering, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kio Kano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Anno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takakusagi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mizoguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Itsuko Serizawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koh Imura
- Section of Medical Physics and Engineering, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takayama
- Section of Medical Physics and Engineering, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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13
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The RBE in ion beam radiotherapy: In vivo studies and clinical application. Z Med Phys 2021; 31:105-121. [PMID: 33568337 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion beams used for radiotherapy exhibit an increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE), which depends on several physical treatment parameters as well as on biological factors of the irradiated tissues. While the RBE is an experimentally well-defined quantity, translation to patients is complex and requires radiobiological studies, dedicated models to calculate the RBE in treatment planning as well as strategies for dose prescription. Preclinical in vivo studies and analysis of clinical outcome are important to validate and refine RBE-models. This review describes the concept of the experimental and clinical RBE and explains the fundamental dependencies of the RBE based on in vitro experiments. The available preclinical in vivo studies on normal tissue and tumor RBE for ions heavier than protons are reviewed in the context of the historical and present development of ion beam radiotherapy. In addition, the role of in vivo RBE-values in the development and benchmarking of RBE-models as well as the transition of these models to clinical application are described. Finally, limitations in the translation of experimental RBE-values into clinical application and the direction of future research are discussed.
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14
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Morita A, Wang B, Tanaka K, Katsube T, Murakami M, Shimokawa T, Nishiyama Y, Ochi S, Satoh H, Nenoi M, Aoki S. Protective Effects of p53 Regulatory Agents Against High-LET Radiation-Induced Injury in Mice. Front Public Health 2020; 8:601124. [PMID: 33344403 PMCID: PMC7744379 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.601124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation damage to normal tissues is one of the most serious concerns in radiation therapy, and the tolerance dose of the normal tissues limits the therapeutic dose to the patients. p53 is well known as a transcription factor closely associated with radiation-induced cell death. We recently demonstrated the protective effects of several p53 regulatory agents against low-LET X- or γ-ray-induced damage. Although it was reported that high-LET heavy ion radiation (>85 keV/μm) could cause p53-independent cell death in some cancer cell lines, whether there is any radioprotective effect of the p53 regulatory agents against the high-LET radiation injury in vivo is still unclear. In the present study, we verified the efficacy of these agents on bone marrow and intestinal damages induced by high-LET heavy-ion irradiation in mice. We used a carbon-beam (14 keV/μm) that was shown to induce a p53-dependent effect and an iron-beam (189 keV/μm) that was shown to induce a p53-independent effect in a previous study. Vanadate significantly improved 60-day survival rate in mice treated with total-body carbon-ion (p < 0.0001) or iron-ion (p < 0.05) irradiation, indicating its effective protection of the hematopoietic system from radiation injury after high-LET irradiation over 85 keV/μm. 5CHQ also significantly increased the survival rate after abdominal carbon-ion (p < 0.02), but not iron-ion irradiation, suggesting the moderate relief of the intestinal damage. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of p53 regulators on acute radiation syndrome induced by high-LET radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Morita
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nishiyama
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ochi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Satoh
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Takakusagi Y, Oike T, Kano K, Anno W, Tsuchida K, Mizoguchi N, Serizawa I, Yoshida D, Katoh H, Kamada T. Prostate-specific antigen dynamics after neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy and carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241636. [PMID: 33156884 PMCID: PMC7647067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explain the dynamics of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients with prostate cancer who were treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods Eighty-five patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer who received CIRT and neoadjuvant ADT from December 2015 to December 2017 were analyzed in the present study. The total dose of CIRT was set at 51.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) delivered in 12 fractions over 3 weeks. The PSA bounce was defined as a ≥0.4 ng/ml increase of PSA levels from the nadir, followed by any decrease. PSA failure was defined using the Phoenix criteria. Results The median patient age was 68 (range, 48–81) years. The median follow-up duration was 33 (range, 20–48) months. The clinical T stage was T1c, T2a, and T2b in 27, 44, and 14 patients, respectively. The Gleason score was 6 in 3 patients and 7 in 82 patients. The median pretreatment PSA level was 7.37 (range, 3.33–19.0) ng/ml. All patients received neoadjuvant ADT for a median of 6 (range, 2–117) months. PSA bounces were observed in 39 patients (45.9%), occurring a median of 12 (range, 6–30) months after CIRT. PSA failure was observed in eight patients (9.4%), occurring a median of 21 (range, 15–33) months after CIRT. The 3-year PSA failure-free survival rate was 88.5%. No clinical recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. Younger age and lower T stage were significant predictors of PSA bounce. Younger age was a significant predictor of PSA failure. Conclusions In this study, we identified the significant predictors of the occurrence of PSA bounce and failure. Further follow-up is needed to reveal the clinical significance of PSA dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Takakusagi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kio Kano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Anno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tsuchida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mizoguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Itsuko Serizawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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16
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Takakusagi Y, Katoh H, Kano K, Anno W, Tsuchida K, Mizoguchi N, Serizawa I, Yoshida D, Kamada T. Preliminary result of carbon-ion radiotherapy using the spot scanning method for prostate cancer. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:127. [PMID: 32460889 PMCID: PMC7254700 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for prostate cancer was initiated at Kanagawa Cancer Center in 2015. The present study analyzed the preliminary clinical outcomes of CIRT for prostate cancer. METHODS The clinical outcomes of 253 patients with prostate cancer who were treated with CIRT delivered using the spot scanning method between December 2015 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The irradiation dose was set at 51.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) delivered in 12 fractions over 3 weeks. Biochemical relapse was defined using the Phoenix definition. Toxicities were assessed according to CTCAE version 4.0. RESULTS The median patient age was 70 (47-86) years. The median follow-up duration was 35.3 (4.1-52.9) months. According to the D'Amico classification system, 8, 88, and 157 patients were classified as having low, intermediate, and high risks, respectively. Androgen deprivation therapy was administered in 244 patients. The biochemical relapse-free rate in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups at 3 years was 87.5, 88.0, and 97.5%, respectively (P = 0.036). Grade 2 acute urinary toxicity was observed in 12 (4.7%) patients. Grade 2 acute rectal toxicity was not observed. Grade 2 late urinary toxicity and grade 2 late rectal toxicity were observed in 17 (6.7%) and 3 patients (1.2%), respectively. Previous transurethral resection of the prostate was significantly associated with late grade 2 toxicity in univariate analysis. The predictive factor for late rectal toxicity was not detected. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that CIRT using the spot scanning method for prostate cancer produces favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Takakusagi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Kio Kano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Wataru Anno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tsuchida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mizoguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Itsuko Serizawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
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Kawamura H, Kubo N, Sato H, Mizukami T, Katoh H, Ishikawa H, Ohno T, Matsui H, Ito K, Suzuki K, Nakano T. Moderately hypofractionated carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer; a prospective observational study "GUNMA0702". BMC Cancer 2020; 20:75. [PMID: 32000716 PMCID: PMC6990498 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon ion Radiotherapy for prostate cancer is widely used, however reports are limited from single institute or short follow up. We performed a prospective observational study (GUNMA0702) to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy for localized and locally advanced prostate cancer. METHODS Between June 2010 and August 2013, 304 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated, with a median follow-up duration of 60 months. All patients received carbon ion radiotherapy with 57.6 Gy (RBE) in 16 fractions over 4 weeks. Hormonal therapy was given according to the risk group. Toxicity was reported according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Event, Version 4.0 by the National Cancer Institute. RESULTS The overall 5-year biochemical relapse-free rate was 92.7%, with rates of 91.7, 93.4, and 92.0% in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients, respectively. The 5-year local control and overall survival rates were 98.4 and 96.6%, respectively. Acute grade 3 or greater toxicity was not observed. Late grade 2 and grade 3 genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity rates were 9 and 0.3%, and 0.3, and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present protocol of carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer provided low genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity with good biochemical control within 5 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION University Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry number: UMIN000003827.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Kawamura
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Nobuteru Kubo
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiro Sato
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Mizukami
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katoh
- Ion-beam Radiation Oncology Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ito
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.,Institute for Preventive Medicine, Kurosawa Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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18
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Kasuya G, Ishikawa H, Tsuji H, Haruyama Y, Kobashi G, Ebner DK, Akakura K, Suzuki H, Ichikawa T, Shimazaki J, Makishima H, Nomiya T, Kamada T, Tsujii H. Cancer-specific mortality of high-risk prostate cancer after carbon-ion radiotherapy plus long-term androgen deprivation therapy. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2422-2429. [PMID: 28921785 PMCID: PMC5715357 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment outcomes of patients with high‐risk localized prostate cancer (PC) after carbon‐ion radiotherapy (CIRT) combined with long‐term androgen deprivation therapy (LTADT) were analyzed, and compared with those of other treatment modalities, focusing on PC‐specific mortality (PCSM). A total of 1247 patients were enrolled in three phase II clinical trials of fixed‐dose CIRT between 2000 and 2013. Excluding patients with T4 disease, 608 patients with high‐risk or very‐high‐risk PC, according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network classification system, who received CIRT with LTADT were evaluated. The median follow‐up time was 88.4 months, and the 5‐/10‐year PCSM rates were 1.5%/4.3%, respectively. T3b disease, Gleason score of 9–10 and percentage of positive biopsy cores >75% were associated with significantly higher PCSM on univariate and multivariate analyses. The 10‐year PCSM rates of patients having all three (n = 16), two (n = 74) or one of these risk factors (n = 217) were 27.1, 11.6 and 5.7%, respectively. Of the 301 patients with none of these factors, only 1 PCSM occurred over the 10‐year follow‐up (10‐year PCSM rate, 0.3%), and significant differences were observed among the four stratified groups (P <0.001). CIRT combined with LTADT yielded relatively favorable treatment outcomes in patients with high‐risk PC and very favorable results in patients without any of the three abovementioned factors for PCSM. Because a significant difference in PCSM among the high‐risk PC patient groups was observed, new categorization and treatment intensity adjustment may be required for high‐risk PC patients treated with CIRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kasuya
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuo Haruyama
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daniel K Ebner
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, Japan
| | - Koichiro Akakura
- Department of Urology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Tokyo, Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Makishima
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Kamada
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Tsujii
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Maruyama K, Tsuji H, Nomiya T, Katoh H, Ishikawa H, Kamada T, Wakatsuki M, Akakura K, Shimazaki J, Aoyama H, Tsujii H. Five-year quality of life assessment after carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:260-266. [PMID: 28043947 PMCID: PMC5439371 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prospectively assess 5-year health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for clinically localized prostate cancer. A total of 417 patients received carbon ion radiotherapy at a total dose of 63-66 Gray-equivalents (GyE) in 20 fractions over 5 weeks, and neoadjuvant and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were administered for intermediate and high-risk patients. A HRQOL assessment was performed at five time points (immediately before the initiation of C-ion RT, immediately after, and at 12, 36 and 60 months after completion of C-ion RT) using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) questionnaires. FACT-G and FACT-P scores were significantly decreased; however, the absolute change after 60 months was minimal. The transient decreases in the Trial Outcome Index (TOI) score returned to their baseline levels. Use of ADT, presence of adverse events, and biochemical failure were related to lower scores. Scores of subdomains of FACT instruments indicated characteristic changes. The pattern of HRQOL change after C-ion RT was similar to that of other modalities. Further controlled studies focusing on a HRQOL in patients with prostate cancer are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Maruyama
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuma Nomiya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katoh
- Gunma Heavy-ion Medical Center, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba Faculty of Medicine, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Wakatsuki
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Akakura
- Japan Community Health Care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Aoyama
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Tsujii
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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20
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Nomiya T, Tsuji H, Kawamura H, Ohno T, Toyama S, Shioyama Y, Nakayama Y, Nemoto K, Tsujii H, Kamada T. A multi-institutional analysis of prospective studies of carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A report from the Japan Carbon ion Radiation Oncology Study Group (J-CROS). Radiother Oncol 2016; 121:288-293. [PMID: 27836119 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A multi-institutional observational study (J-CROS1501PR) has been carried out to analyze outcomes of carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for patients with prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data of the patients enrolled in prospective studies of following 3 CIRT institutions were analyzed: National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS; Chiba, Japan), Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center (GHMC; Gunma, Japan), and Ion Beam Therapy Center, SAGA HIMAT Foundation (HIMAT; Saga, Japan). Endpoints of the clinical trial are biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS), overall survival (OS), cause-specific survival (CSS), local control rate (LCR), and acute/late adverse effects. RESULTS A total of 2157 patients' data were collected from NIRS (n=1432), GHMC (n=515), and HIMAT (n=210). The number of patients in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups was 263 (12%), 679 (31%), and 1215 (56%), respectively. The five-year bRFS in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients was 92%, 89%, and 92%, respectively. The five-year CSS in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients was 100%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. The incidence of grade 2 late GU/GI toxicities was 4.6% and 0.4%, respectively, and the incidence of ⩾G3 toxicities were 0%. CONCLUSIONS Favorable overall outcomes of CIRT for prostate cancer were suggested by the analysis of the first multi-institutional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Nomiya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Japan
| | - Shingo Toyama
- Ion Beam Therapy Center, SAGA-HIMAT Foundation, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Nakayama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Japan
| | - Kenji Nemoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yamagata University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Kamada
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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21
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Walsh S, Roelofs E, Kuess P, Lambin P, Jones B, Georg D, Verhaegen F. A validated tumor control probability model based on a meta-analysis of low, intermediate, and high-risk prostate cancer patients treated by photon, proton, or carbon-ion radiotherapy. Med Phys 2016; 43:734-47. [PMID: 26843237 DOI: 10.1118/1.4939260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A fully heterogeneous population averaged mechanistic tumor control probability (TCP) model is appropriate for the analysis of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). This has been accomplished for EBRT photon treatment of intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Extending the TCP model for low and high-risk patients would be beneficial in terms of overall decision making. Furthermore, different radiation treatment modalities such as protons and carbon-ions are becoming increasingly available. Consequently, there is a need for a complete TCP model. METHODS A TCP model was fitted and validated to a primary endpoint of 5-year biological no evidence of disease clinical outcome data obtained from a review of the literature for low, intermediate, and high-risk prostate cancer patients (5218 patients fitted, 1088 patients validated), treated by photons, protons, or carbon-ions. The review followed the preferred reporting item for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement. Treatment regimens include standard fractionation and hypofractionation treatments. Residual analysis and goodness of fit statistics were applied. RESULTS The TCP model achieves a good level of fit overall, linear regression results in a p-value of <0.000 01 with an adjusted-weighted-R(2) value of 0.77 and a weighted root mean squared error (wRMSE) of 1.2%, to the fitted clinical outcome data. Validation of the model utilizing three independent datasets obtained from the literature resulted in an adjusted-weighted-R(2) value of 0.78 and a wRMSE of less than 1.8%, to the validation clinical outcome data. The weighted mean absolute residual across the entire dataset is found to be 5.4%. CONCLUSIONS This TCP model fitted and validated to clinical outcome data, appears to be an appropriate model for the inclusion of all clinical prostate cancer risk categories, and allows evaluation of current EBRT modalities with regard to tumor control prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán Walsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht 6229 ET, The Netherlands and Department of Oncology, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Roelofs
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht 6229 ET, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kuess
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht 6229 ET, The Netherlands
| | - Bleddyn Jones
- Department of Oncology, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Frank Verhaegen
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht 6229 ET, The Netherlands and Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
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22
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Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI monitoring of primary proton and carbon ion irradiation of prostate cancer using a novel hypofractionated raster scan technique. Radiother Oncol 2016; 120:313-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kasuya G, Ishikawa H, Tsuji H, Nomiya T, Makishima H, Kamada T, Akakura K, Suzuki H, Shimazaki J, Haruyama Y, Kobashi G, Tsujii H. Significant impact of biochemical recurrence on overall mortality in patients with high-risk prostate cancer after carbon-ion radiotherapy combined with androgen deprivation therapy. Cancer 2016; 122:3225-3231. [PMID: 27351298 PMCID: PMC5094521 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether biochemical recurrence (BR) is a significant predictive factor of mortality after definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relation between BR and overall mortality (OAM) in high‐risk prostate cancer patients who were treated with carbon‐ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and had long‐term follow‐up in 2 prospective trials. METHODS In the 2 phase 2 clinical trials, which involved 466 prostate cancer patients who received 63.0 to 66.0 Gy of CIRT (relative biological effect) in 20 fractions between 2000 and 2007, 324 patients who were deemed to be at high risk on the basis of the modified D'Amico classification criteria and received CIRT along with androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) were examined. The OAM rate was adjusted for the ADT duration, and multivariate analyses using a Cox proportional hazards model were performed for OAM with BR as a time‐dependent covariate. RESULTS The median follow‐up period was 107.4 months, and the 5‐ and 10‐year OAM rates after adjustments for the ADT duration were 7.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0%‐9.4%) and 23.9% (95% CI, 16.4%‐26.2%), respectively. A multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of BR (hazard ratio, 2.82; 95% Cl, 1.57‐5.08; P = .001) was one of the predictive factors for OAM. On the other hand, the duration of ADT had no impact on OAM. CONCLUSIONS BR after CIRT combined with ADT is an independent predictive factor for OAM in high‐risk prostate cancer patients. The results of this study could be applied to other high‐dose radiation therapies. Cancer 2016;122:3225–31. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. Two prospective phase 2 studies involving 324 high‐risk prostate cancer patients treated with carbon‐ion radiotherapy have revealed that the presence of biochemical recurrence is an independent predictive factor for overall mortality (hazard ratio, 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.57‐5.08; P = .001) in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer after carbon‐ion radiotherapy according to a multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kasuya
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tsukuba University Faculty of Medicine, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | - Hirokazu Makishima
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Akakura
- Department of Urology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuo Haruyama
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Tsujii
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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Coates J, Souhami L, El Naqa I. Big Data Analytics for Prostate Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2016; 6:149. [PMID: 27379211 PMCID: PMC4905980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a first-line treatment option for localized prostate cancer and radiation-induced normal tissue damage are often the main limiting factor for modern radiotherapy regimens. Conversely, under-dosing of target volumes in an attempt to spare adjacent healthy tissues limits the likelihood of achieving local, long-term control. Thus, the ability to generate personalized data-driven risk profiles for radiotherapy outcomes would provide valuable prognostic information to help guide both clinicians and patients alike. Big data applied to radiation oncology promises to deliver better understanding of outcomes by harvesting and integrating heterogeneous data types, including patient-specific clinical parameters, treatment-related dose-volume metrics, and biological risk factors. When taken together, such variables make up the basis for a multi-dimensional space (the "RadoncSpace") in which the presented modeling techniques search in order to identify significant predictors. Herein, we review outcome modeling and big data-mining techniques for both tumor control and radiotherapy-induced normal tissue effects. We apply many of the presented modeling approaches onto a cohort of hypofractionated prostate cancer patients taking into account different data types and a large heterogeneous mix of physical and biological parameters. Cross-validation techniques are also reviewed for the refinement of the proposed framework architecture and checking individual model performance. We conclude by considering advanced modeling techniques that borrow concepts from big data analytics, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, before discussing the potential future impact of systems radiobiology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Coates
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luis Souhami
- Division of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Laine AM, Pompos A, Timmerman R, Jiang S, Story MD, Pistenmaa D, Choy H. The Role of Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy with Photons, Protons, and Heavy Ions for Treating Extracranial Lesions. Front Oncol 2016; 5:302. [PMID: 26793619 PMCID: PMC4707221 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the ability to deliver large doses of ionizing radiation to a tumor has been limited by radiation-induced toxicity to normal surrounding tissues. This was the initial impetus for the development of conventionally fractionated radiation therapy, where large volumes of healthy tissue received radiation and were allowed the time to repair the radiation damage. However, advances in radiation delivery techniques and image guidance have allowed for more ablative doses of radiation to be delivered in a very accurate, conformal, and safe manner with shortened fractionation schemes. Hypofractionated regimens with photons have already transformed how certain tumor types are treated with radiation therapy. Additionally, hypofractionation is able to deliver a complete course of ablative radiation therapy over a shorter period of time compared to conventional fractionation regimens making treatment more convenient to the patient and potentially more cost-effective. Recently, there has been an increased interest in proton therapy because of the potential further improvement in dose distributions achievable due to their unique physical characteristics. Furthermore, with heavier ions the dose conformality is increased and, in addition, there is potentially a higher biological effectiveness compared to protons and photons. Due to the properties mentioned above, charged particle therapy has already become an attractive modality to further investigate the role of hypofractionation in the treatment of various tumors. This review will discuss the rationale and evolution of hypofractionated radiation therapy, the reported clinical success with initially photon and then charged particle modalities, and further potential implementation into treatment regimens going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Michael Laine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - Arnold Pompos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - Robert Timmerman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - Steve Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - Michael D Story
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - David Pistenmaa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
| | - Hak Choy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
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26
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Quality of life outcomes from a dose-per-fraction escalation trial of hypofractionation in prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 2016; 118:99-104. [PMID: 26755165 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This multi-institutional phase I/II trial explored patient-assessed tolerance of increasingly hypofractionated (HPFX) radiation for low/intermediate risk prostate cancer. METHODS 347 patients enrolled from 2002 to 2010. Three increasing dose-per-fraction schedules of 64.7 Gy/22 fx, 58.08 Gy/16 fx and 51.6 Gy/12 fx were each designed to yield equivalent predicted late toxicity. Three quality of life (QoL) surveys were administered prior to treatment and annually upto 3 years. RESULTS Bowel QoL data at 3years revealed no significant difference among regimens (p=0.469). Bowel QoL for all regimens declined transiently, largely recovering by three years, with only the 22 fraction decrement reaching significance. Bladder outcomes at 3 years were comparable (p=0.343) although, for all patients combined, a significant decline was observed from the baseline (p=0.008). Spitzer quality of life data revealed similarly excellent, 3-year means (p=0.188). International erectile function data also revealed no significant differences at 3 years although all measures except intercourse satisfaction worsened post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Three-year QoL changes for bowel, bladder and SQLI were modest and similar for 3 HPFX regimens spanning 2.94-4.3 Gy per fraction. These favorable patient-scored outcomes demonstrate the safety and tolerability of such regimens and may be leveraged to support further implementation of mild to moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy in the setting of low and intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
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Estimation of late rectal normal tissue complication probability parameters in carbon ion therapy for prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 2016; 118:136-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Inaniwa T, Kanematsu N, Tsuji H, Kamada T. Influence of nuclear interactions in body tissues on tumor dose in carbon-ion radiotherapy. Med Phys 2015; 42:7132-7. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4936105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yoshida Y, Ando K, Ando K, Murata K, Yoshimoto Y, Musha A, Kubo N, Kawamura H, Koike S, Uzawa A, Takahashi T, Ohno T, Nakano T. Evaluation of therapeutic gain for fractionated carbon-ion radiotherapy using the tumor growth delay and crypt survival assays. Radiother Oncol 2015; 117:351-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mori S, Inaniwa T, Miki K, Tanimoto K, Tajiri M, Kuroiwa D, Nakao M, Shiraishi Y, Shibayama K, Tsuji H. Variation in patient position and impact on carbon-ion scanning beam distribution during prostate treatment. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20140623. [PMID: 25950822 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the impact of changes in patient position on carbon-ion scanning beam distribution during treatment for prostate cancer. METHODS 68 patients were selected. Carbon-ion scanning dose was calculated. Two different planning target volumes (PTVs) were defined: PTV1 was the clinical target volume plus a set-up margin for the anterior/lateral sides and posterior side, while PTV2 was the same as PTV1 minus the posterior side. Total prescribed doses of 34.4 Gy [relative biological effectiveness (RBE)] and 17.2 Gy (RBE) were given to PTV1 and PTV2, respectively. To estimate the influence of geometric variations on dose distribution, the dose was recalculated on the rigidly shifted single planning CT based on two dimensional-three dimensional rigid registration of the orthogonal radiographs before and after treatment for the fraction of maximum positional changes. RESULTS Intrafractional patient positional change values averaged over all patients throughout the treatment course were less than the target registration error = 2.00 mm and angular error = 1.27°. However, these maximum positional errors did not occur in all 12 treatment fractions. Even though large positional changes occurred during irradiation in all treatment fractions, lowest dose encompassing 95% of the target (D95)-PTV1 was >98% of the prescribed dose. CONCLUSION Intrafractional patient positional changes occurred during treatment beam irradiation and degraded carbon-ion beam dose distribution. Our evaluation did not consider non-rigid deformations, however, dose distribution was still within clinically acceptable levels. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Inter- and intrafractional changes did not affect carbon-ion beam prostate treatment accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mori
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Inaniwa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Miki
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Tanimoto
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Tajiri
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - D Kuroiwa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Nakao
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Y Shiraishi
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Shibayama
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - H Tsuji
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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Yoshino S, Miki K, Sakata K, Nakayama Y, Shibayama K, Mori S. Digital reconstructed radiography with multiple color image overlay for image-guided radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:588-593. [PMID: 25678537 PMCID: PMC4426926 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Registration of patient anatomical structures to the reference position is a basic part of the patient set-up procedure. Registration of anatomical structures between the site of beam entrance on the patient surface and the distal target position is particularly important. Here, to improve patient positional accuracy during set-up for particle beam treatment, we propose a new visualization methodology using digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs), overlaid DRRs, and evaluation of overlaid DRR images in clinical cases. The overlaid method overlays two DRR images in different colors by dividing the CT image into two CT sections at the distal edge of the target along the treatment beam direction. Since our hospital uses fixed beam ports, the treatment beam angles for this study were set at 0 and 90 degrees. The DRR calculation direction was from the X-ray tube to the imaging device, and set to 180/270 degrees and 135/225 degrees, based on the installation of our X-ray imaging system. Original and overlaid DRRs were calculated using CT data for two patients, one with a parotid gland tumor and the other with prostate cancer. The original and overlaid DRR images were compared. Since the overlaid DRR image was completely separated into two regions when the DRR calculation angle was the same as the treatment beam angle, the overlaid DRR visualization technique was able to provide rich information for aiding recognition of the relationship between anatomical structures and the target position. This method will also be useful in patient set-up procedures for fixed irradiation ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Yoshino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miki
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kozo Sakata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakayama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kouichi Shibayama
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Mori
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba, Japan
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Mizoguchi N, Tsuji H, Toyama S, Kamada T, Tsujii H, Nakayama Y, Mizota A, Ohnishi Y. Carbon-ion radiotherapy for locally advanced primary or postoperative recurrent epithelial carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Radiother Oncol 2015; 114:373-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rucinski A, Brons S, Richter D, Habl G, Debus J, Bert C, Haberer T, Jäkel O. Ion therapy of prostate cancer: daily rectal dose reduction by application of spacer gel. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:56. [PMID: 25886457 PMCID: PMC4399750 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ion beam therapy represents a promising approach to treat prostate cancer, mainly due to its high conformity and radiobiological effectiveness. However, the presence of prostate motion, patient positioning and range uncertainties may deteriorate target dose and increase exposure of organs at risk. Spacer gel injected between prostate and rectum may increase the safety of prostate cancer (PC) radiation therapy by separating the rectum from the target dose field. The dosimetric impact of the application of spacer gel for scanned carbon ion therapy of PC has been analyzed at Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT). Materials and methods The robustness of ion therapy treatment plans was investigated by comparison of two data sets of patients treated with and without spacer gel. A research treatment planning system for ion therapy was used for treatment plan optimization and calculation of daily dose distributions on 2 to 9 Computed Tomography (CT) studies available for each of the 19 patients. Planning and daily dose distributions were analyzed with respect to target coverage, maximal dose to the rectum (excluding 1 ml of the greatest dose; Dmax-1 ml) and the rectal volume receiving dose greater than 90% of prescribed target dose (V90Rectum), respectively. Results The application of spacer gel did substantially diminish rectum dose. Dmax-1 ml on the treatment planning CT was on average reduced from 100.0 ± 1.0% to 90.2 ± 4.8%, when spacer gel was applied. The robustness analysis performed with daily CT studies demonstrated for all analyzed patient cases that application of spacer gel results in a decrease of the daily V90Rectum index, which calculated over all patient cases and CT studies was 10.2 ± 10.4 [ml] and 1.1 ± 2.1 [ml] for patients without and with spacer gel, respectively. Conclusions The dosimetric benefit of increasing the distance between prostate and rectum using spacer gel for PC treatment with carbon ion beams has been quantified. Application of spacer gel substantially reduced rectal exposure to high treatment dose and, therefore, can reduce the hazard of rectal toxicity in ion beam therapy of PC. The results of this study enable modifications of the PC ion therapy protocol such as dose escalation or hypofractionation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13014-015-0348-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Rucinski
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Now INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per Ingegneria, Sapienza Universit'a di Roma, Roma, Italy.
| | - Stephan Brons
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Richter
- Biophysics Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, Darmstadt, Germany. .,Now Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Clinic Erlangen, Radiation Oncology, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gregor Habl
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Now Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Bert
- Biophysics Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, Darmstadt, Germany. .,Now Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Clinic Erlangen, Radiation Oncology, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Haberer
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Jäkel
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Yonekura Y, Tsujii H, Hopewell JW, López PO, Cosset JM, Paganetti H, Montelius A, Schardt D, Jones B, Nakamura T. ICRP Publication 127: Radiological Protection in Ion Beam Radiotherapy. Ann ICRP 2014; 43:5-113. [PMID: 25915952 DOI: 10.1177/0146645314559144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of external-beam radiotherapy is to provide precise dose localisation in the treatment volume of the target with minimal damage to the surrounding normal tissue. Ion beams, such as protons and carbon ions, provide excellent dose distributions due primarily to their finite range, allowing a significant reduction of undesired exposure of normal tissue. Careful treatment planning is required for the given type and localisation of the tumour to be treated in order to maximise treatment efficiency and minimise the dose to normal tissue. Radiation exposure in out-of-field volumes arises from secondary neutrons and photons, particle fragments, and photons from activated materials. These unavoidable doses should be considered from the standpoint of radiological protection of the patient. Radiological protection of medical staff at ion beam radiotherapy facilities requires special attention. Appropriate management and control are required for the therapeutic equipment and the air in the treatment room that can be activated by the particle beam and its secondaries. Radiological protection and safety management should always conform with regulatory requirements. The current regulations for occupational exposures in photon radiotherapy are applicable to ion beam radiotherapy with protons or carbon ions. However, ion beam radiotherapy requires a more complex treatment system than conventional radiotherapy, and appropriate training of staff and suitable quality assurance programmes are recommended to avoid possible accidental exposure of patients, to minimise unnecessary doses to normal tissue, and to minimise radiation exposure of staff.
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Shioyama Y, Tsuji H, Suefuji H, Sinoto M, Matsunobu A, Toyama S, Nakamura K, Kudo S. Particle radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2014; 22:33-9. [PMID: 25308767 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in external beam radiotherapy have allowed us to deliver higher doses to the tumors while decreasing doses to the surrounding tissues. Dose escalation using high-precision radiotherapy has improved the treatment outcomes of prostate cancer. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy has been widely used throughout the world as the most advanced form of photon radiotherapy. In contrast, particle radiotherapy has also been under development, and has been used as an effective and non-invasive radiation modality for prostate and other cancers. Among the particles used in such treatments, protons and carbon ions have the physical advantage that the dose can be focused on the tumor with only minimal exposure of the surrounding normal tissues. Furthermore, carbon ions also have radiobiological advantages that include higher killing effects on intrinsic radio-resistant tumors, hypoxic tumor cells and tumor cells in the G0 or S phase. However, the degree of clinical benefit derived from these theoretical advantages in the treatment of prostate cancer has not been adequately determined. The present article reviews the available literature on the use of particle radiotherapy for prostate cancer as well as the literature on the physical and radiobiological properties of this treatment, and discusses the role and the relative merits of particle radiotherapy compared with current photon-based radiotherapy, with a focus on proton beam therapy and carbon ion radiotherapy.
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Mori S, Shinoto M, Yamada S. Four-dimensional treatment planning in layer-stacking boost irradiation for carbon-ion pancreatic therapy. Radiother Oncol 2014; 111:258-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Phase I/II trial of definitive carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer: evaluation of shortening of treatment period to 3 weeks. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2389-95. [PMID: 24722181 PMCID: PMC4021525 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a new shortened 3-week treatment schedule of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for prostate cancer. METHODS Beginning in May 2010, patients with T1b-T3bN0M0, histologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma were enrolled in the phase II trial of CIRT. Patients received 51.6 GyE in 12 fractions over 3 weeks (protocol 1002). The primary end point was defined as the incidence of late adverse events that were evaluated based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Biochemical failure was determined using the Phoenix definition (nadir +2.0 ng ml(-1)). RESULTS Forty-six patients were enrolled, and all patients were included in the analysis. The number of low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients was 12 (26%), 9 (20%), and 25 (54%), respectively. The median follow-up period of surviving patients was 32.3 months. Two patients had intercurrent death without recurrence, and the remaining 44 patients were alive at the time of this analysis. In the analysis of late toxicities, grade 1 (G1) rectal haemorrhage was observed in 3 (7%) patients. The incidence of G1 haematuria was observed in 6 (13%) patients, and G1 urinary frequency was observed in 17 (37%) patients. No ⩾G2 late toxicities were observed. In the analysis of acute toxicities, 2 (4%) patients showed G2 urinary frequency, and no other G2 acute toxicities were observed. CONCLUSIONS The new shortened CIRT schedule over 3 weeks was considered as feasible. The analysis of long-term outcome is warranted.
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Habl G, Hatiboglu G, Edler L, Uhl M, Krause S, Roethke M, Schlemmer HP, Hadaschik B, Debus J, Herfarth K. Ion Prostate Irradiation (IPI) - a pilot study to establish the safety and feasibility of primary hypofractionated irradiation of the prostate with protons and carbon ions in a raster scan technique. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:202. [PMID: 24641841 PMCID: PMC3995364 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to physical characteristics, ions like protons or carbon ions can administer the dose to the target volume more efficiently than photons since the dose can be lowered at the surrounding normal tissue. Radiation biological considerations are based on the assumption that the α/β value for prostate cancer cells is 1.5 Gy, so that a biologically more effective dose could be administered due to hypofractionation without increasing risks of late effects of bladder (α/β = 4.0) and rectum (α/β = 3.9). METHODS/DESIGN The IPI study is a prospective randomized phase II study exploring the safety and feasibility of primary hypofractionated irradiation of the prostate with protons and carbon ions in a raster scan technique. The study is designed to enroll 92 patients with localized prostate cancer. Primary aim is the assessment of the safety and feasibility of the study treatment on the basis of incidence grade III and IV NCI-CTC-AE (v. 4.02) toxicity and/or the dropout of the patient from the planned therapy due to any reason. Secondary endpoints are PSA-progression free survival (PSA-PFS), overall survival (OS) and quality-of-life (QoL). DISCUSSION This pilot study aims at the evaluation of the safety and feasibility of hypofractionated irradiation of the prostate with protons and carbon ions in prostate cancer patients in an active beam technique. Additionally, the safety results will be compared with Japanese results recently published for carbon ion irradiation. Due to the missing data of protons in this hypofractionated scheme, an in depth evaluation of the toxicity will be created to gain basic data for a following comparison study with carbon ion irradiation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Identifier: NCT01641185 (clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Habl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wakatsuki M, Kato S, Ohno T, Karasawa K, Kiyohara H, Tamaki T, Ando K, Tsujii H, Nakano T, Kamada T, Shozu M. Clinical outcomes of carbon ion radiotherapy for locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix in phase 1/2 clinical trial (protocol 9704). Cancer 2014; 120:1663-9. [PMID: 24591084 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix in a phase 1/2 clinical trial. METHODS The treatment consisted of whole-pelvic irradiation of 36.0 gray equivalents (GyE) in 12 fractions and local boost with dose escalation from 26.4 to 38.4 GyE in 8 fractions. The dose escalation was performed with careful observation of acute normal tissue responses. Total dose to the cervical tumor was 62.4 to 74.4 GyE in 20 fractions. RESULTS Between April 1998 and February 2010, 58 patients were treated with C-ion RT in this clinical trial. The number of patients with stage IIB, IIIB, and IVA disease were 20, 35, and 3, respectively. Median tumor size was 5.5 cm (range, 3.0-11.8 cm). Twenty-seven patients had pelvic lymph node metastases. The median follow-up period was 38 months. All patients completed the treatment schedule. Grade 2 or higher late toxicity was found in 8 patients: 5 with bladder and 2 with small intestine grade 2 toxicities, and 1 patient had grade 4 rectal complication, which was surgically salvaged. The 5-year local control rate, local control rate including salvage surgery, and overall survival rate in all cases were 54.5%, 68.2%, and 38.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dose escalation of C-ion RT for adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix was accomplished without severe toxicities except in 1 case. Although the number of patients in this study was small, the results support continued investigation and analysis to confirm therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Wakatsuki
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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Akakura K, Tsuji H, Suzuki H, Ichikawa T, Ishikawa H, Okada T, Kamada T, Harada M, Tsujii H, Shimazaki J. Usefulness of J-CAPRA Score for High-risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Carbon Ion Radiotherapy Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 44:360-5. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Suetens A, Moreels M, Quintens R, Chiriotti S, Tabury K, Michaux A, Grégoire V, Baatout S. Carbon ion irradiation of the human prostate cancer cell line PC3: a whole genome microarray study. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1056-72. [PMID: 24504141 PMCID: PMC3977812 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hadrontherapy is a form of external radiation therapy, which uses beams of charged particles such as carbon ions. Compared to conventional radiotherapy with photons, the main advantage of carbon ion therapy is the precise dose localization along with an increased biological effectiveness. The first results obtained from prostate cancer patients treated with carbon ion therapy showed good local tumor control and survival rates. In view of this advanced treatment modality we investigated the effects of irradiation with different beam qualities on gene expression changes in the PC3 prostate adenocarcinoma cell line. For this purpose, PC3 cells were irradiated with various doses (0.0, 0.5 and 2.0 Gy) of carbon ions (LET=33.7 keV/μm) at the beam of the Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (Caen, France). Comparative experiments with X-rays were performed at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre. Genome-wide gene expression was analyzed using microarrays. Our results show a downregulation in many genes involved in cell cycle and cell organization processes after 2.0 Gy irradiation. This effect was more pronounced after carbon ion irradiation compared with X-rays. Furthermore, we found a significant downregulation of many genes related to cell motility. Several of these changes were confirmed using qPCR. In addition, recurrence-free survival analysis of prostate cancer patients based on one of these motility genes (FN1) revealed that patients with low expression levels had a prolonged recurrence-free survival time, indicating that this gene may be a potential prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer. Understanding how different radiation qualities affect the cellular behavior of prostate cancer cells is important to improve the clinical outcome of cancer radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Suetens
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sabina Chiriotti
- Radiation Protection, Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Kevin Tabury
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Arlette Michaux
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Vincent Grégoire
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
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Wang Y, Efstathiou JA, Lu HM, Sharp GC, Trofimov A. Hypofractionated proton therapy for prostate cancer: dose delivery uncertainty due to interfractional motion. Med Phys 2014; 40:071714. [PMID: 23822418 DOI: 10.1118/1.4811101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The α-to-β (α/β) ratio for prostate tumor is likely lower than that for the surrounding normal organs, such as rectum and bladder (≈ 3 Gy). As a result, hypofractionation is expected to improve the therapeutic ratio in prostate radiation therapy. However, with the use of fewer, larger fractions, the accuracy of treatment dose delivery becomes more influenced by the physical uncertainties resulting from motion and radiobiological uncertainties in the α/β ratio of the prostate tumor. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of interfractional motion on treatment dose delivery within the likely range of the tumor α/β ratio. METHODS Serial CT images acquired at simulation and daily treatment for three prostate patients were studied retrospectively. A conventional 3D-conformal proton plan was created for each patient, delivering 25 fractions of 2 Gy to ITV1 (internal target volume, expanded from the prostate and clinically involved seminal vesicles) followed by 14 fractions to ITV2 (expanded from the prostate). The plans were renormalized for a series of hypofractionated protocols of between five and 28 fractions. The fractional doses were computed on daily CT and were mapped onto simulation CT using deformable registration. In each course, the doses from the fractions with the lowest D97% of the ITV2 were summed to approximate the lower limit (worst case) of target coverage. The uncertainty in dose and coverage was estimated as the deviation of the worst case from the nominal plan. RESULTS For treatments in 28 to five fractions, the uncertainty arising from interfractional motion ranged from ≈ 1% to 4% for V100% and ≈ 2% to 6% for D100% of the ITV2. The uncertainties in V95% and D95% were both minimal (<1%) for all protocols. For tumors with a low α/β of 1.0 Gy, the treatment in five fractions could deliver an additional 21.0 and 17.4 GyEQD2 to 95% and 100% of the ITV2, respectively, compared to that in 28 fractions. This advantage disappeared for tumors with α/β > 2.5 Gy, assuming the worst case for interfractional motion. CONCLUSIONS In hypofractionated proton therapy for prostate cancer, the dosimetric uncertainties due to interfractional motion were minimal for the ITV2 coverage at 95% isodose level and the dose received by 95% of the ITV2. Although hypofractionation could yield an increase in equivalent dose to the target for tumors with low α/β, the gain was cancelled out by the uncertainty due to interfractional motion for tumors with α/β > 2.5 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Management of high-risk prostate cancer: Radiation therapy and hormonal therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 39:872-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wakatsuki M, Kato S, Ohno T, Karasawa K, Ando K, Kiyohara H, Tsujii H, Nakano T, Kamada T, Shozu M. Dose-escalation study of carbon ion radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (9902). Gynecol Oncol 2013; 132:87-92. [PMID: 24183732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors performed phase I/II clinical trial to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. METHODS Between April 2000 and January 2006, 22 patients for Protocol 9902 were treated with C-ion RT. The number of patients with stage IIB, IIIB, and IVA diseases was 1, 18, and 3, respectively. All patients had bulky tumors measuring 4.0-12.0 cm (median 6.2 cm). The whole pelvic dose was fixed at 39.0 GyE for 13 fractions, and additional 15.0 GyE for 5 fractions was given to the gross tumor volume (GTV) and surrounding tissues. With regard to local boost, a dose-escalation study was planned for 2 fractions to GTV. Total dose to the cervical tumor was 64.0-72.0 GyE for 20 fractions. RESULTS All patients completed the scheduled therapy and no patient developed Grade 2 or higher acute toxicity. There was no Grade 3 or higher late complications at each dose. The 5-year overall survival rate and local control rate were 50.0% and 68.2%, respectively. Seven out of the 16 patients who received 64.0-68.0 GyE developed local recurrences, but all patients who received 72.0 GyE maintained local control. CONCLUSIONS There were no severe acute or late complications in this trial. C-ion RT has the potential to improve the treatment for locally advanced bulky cervical cancer by applying a total dose of 72.0 GyE, with the results lending incentive to further investigations to confirm the therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Wakatsuki
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Shingo Kato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kumiko Karasawa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Ando
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kiyohara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Tsujii
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makio Shozu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Katoh H, Tsuji H, Ishikawa H, Kamada T, Wakatsuki M, Hirasawa N, Suzuki H, Akakura K, Nakano T, Shimazaki J, Tsujii H. Health-related quality of life after carbon-ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A 3-year prospective study. Int J Urol 2013; 21:370-5. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katoh
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; Inage Chiba Japan
- Gunma Heavy-ion Medical Center; Gunma University; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; Inage Chiba Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; Inage Chiba Japan
- Gunma Heavy-ion Medical Center; Gunma University; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; Inage Chiba Japan
| | - Masaru Wakatsuki
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; Inage Chiba Japan
| | - Naoki Hirasawa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; Inage Chiba Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; Inage Chiba Japan
| | - Koichiro Akakura
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; Inage Chiba Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Gunma Heavy-ion Medical Center; Gunma University; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; Inage Chiba Japan
| | - Hirohiko Tsujii
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy; National Institute of Radiological Sciences; Inage Chiba Japan
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Zaorsky NG, Harrison AS, Trabulsi EJ, Gomella LG, Showalter TN, Hurwitz MD, Dicker AP, Den RB. Evolution of advanced technologies in prostate cancer radiotherapy. Nat Rev Urol 2013; 10:565-79. [DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2013.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kollmeier MA, Zelefsky MJ. How to select the optimal therapy for early-stage prostate cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 84 Suppl 1:e6-e15. [PMID: 23273666 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selecting the "optimal therapy" for the patient with localized prostate cancer may be one of the most challenging medical decisions facing the oncologist. Most patients will have a number of appropriate therapeutic options available to them. Before determining which therapy is most appropriate for a patient, a critical question which needs to be asked is whether any therapy is necessary, especially for those who present with early-stage, low-grade, low-volume disease. Furthermore, given the lack of randomized trials available to guide physicians regarding the superiority of one therapy over another, it is important to consider the different side-effect profiles relevant for each treatment modality. The potential toxicities of therapy impact quality-of-life outcomes and play an important role for most patients in their individual selection of a particular therapy. In addition, there are other important issues that need to be considered, which include the medical condition of the patient and emotional and psychological considerations, as well as family/peer viewpoints or perceived notions of a particular therapy. This review will discuss the relevant issues in the decision making and treatment selection for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Kollmeier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Ruciński A, Bauer J, Campbell P, Brons S, Unholtz D, Habl G, Herfarth K, Debus J, Bert C, Parodi K, Jäkel O, Haberer T. Preclinical investigations towards the first spacer gel application in prostate cancer treatment during particle therapy at HIT. Radiat Oncol 2013; 8:134. [PMID: 23742233 PMCID: PMC3698149 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-8-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The application of spacer gel represents a promising approach to reliably spare the rectal frontal wall during particle therapy (IJROBP 76:1251-1258, 2010). In order to qualify the spacer gel for the clinical use in particle therapy, a variety of measurements were performed in order to ensure the biological compatibility of the gel, its physical stability during and after the irradiation, and a proper definition of the gel in terms of the Hounsfield Unit (HU) values for the treatment planning system. The potential for the use of the spacer gel for particle therapy monitoring with off-line Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was also investigated. Results The spacer gel implanted to the prostate patient in direct neighbourhood to the clinical target volume does not interfere with the particle therapy treatment planning procedure applied at Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre (HIT). The performed measurements show that Bragg-peak position of the particles can be properly predicted on the basis of computed tomography imaging with the treatment planning system used at HIT (measured water equivalent path length of 1.011 ±0.011 (2σ), measured Hounsfield Unit of 28.9 ±6.1 (2σ)). The spacer gel samples remain physically unchanged after irradiation with a dose exceeding the therapeutic dose level. The independently measured Bragg-Peak position does not change within the time interval of 10 weeks. Conclusions As a result of the presented experiments, the first clinical application of spacer gel implant during prostate cancer treatment with carbon ions and protons was possible at HIT in 2012. The reported pre-clinical investigations demonstrate that use of spacer gel is safe in particle therapy in presence of therapy target motion and patient positioning induced particle range variations. The spacer gel injected between prostate and rectum enlarge the distance between both organs, which is expected to clinically significantly decrease the undesirable exposure of the most critical organ at risk, i.e. rectal frontal wall. Further research on the composition of spacer gel material might lead to additional clinical benefits by validation of particle therapy of prostate via post-therapeutic PET-imaging or by patient positioning based on the gel as a radio-opaque marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Ruciński
- Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Clinic, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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Kumagai M, Okada T, Mori S, Kandatsu S, Tsuji H. Evaluation of the dose variation for prostate heavy charged particle therapy using four-dimensional computed tomography. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:357-366. [PMID: 23263729 PMCID: PMC3589943 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We quantified dose variation effects due to respiratory-induced intrafractional motion in conventional carbon-ion prostate treatment by using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). 4DCT scans of 20 patients were acquired under free-breathing conditions using a 256 multi-slice CT scanner. The clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the prostate and the seminal vesicle. Two types of planning target volumes (PTVs) were defined to minimize excessive dose to the rectum. The first PTV (= PTV1) was calculated by adding a 3D uniform margin to the CTV. The second PTV (= PTV2) was cut in a straight line from the top surface of the rectum from PTV1. Compensating boli were designed for the respective PTVs at the peak-exhalation phase, and carbon-ion dose distributions for a single respiratory cycle were calculated using these boli. Dose conformation to prostate, CTV, PTV1 and PTV2 were unchanged for all respiratory phases. The dose for >95% volume irradiation (D95) was 97.7% for prostate, 92.5% for CTV, 74.1% for PTV1 and 96.1% for PTV2 averaged over all patients. The rectum volume at inhalation phase receiving ≤50% of the prescribed dose was smaller than the planning dose due to the abdominal thickness variation. The target dose is not affected by intrafractional respiration in carbon-ion prostate treatment. Small dose variations, however, were observed due to respiratory-induced abdominal thickness variation; therefore the geometrical changes should be considered for prostate particle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shinichiro Mori
- Corresponding author. Tel: +81-43-251-2111; Fax: +81-43-284-0198;
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