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Chen S, Qin A, Yan D. Dynamic Characteristics and Predictive Capability of Tumor Voxel Dose-Response Assessed Using 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Feedback. Front Oncol 2022; 12:876861. [PMID: 35875108 PMCID: PMC9299377 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.876861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tumor voxel dose–response matrix (DRM) can be quantified using feedback from serial FDG-PET/CT imaging acquired during radiotherapy. This study investigated the dynamic characteristics and the predictive capability of DRM. Methods FDG-PET/CT images were acquired before and weekly during standard chemoradiotherapy with the treatment dose 2 Gy × 35 from 31 head and neck cancer patients. For each patient, deformable image registration was performed between the pretreatment/baseline PET/CT image and each weekly PET/CT image. Tumor voxel DRM was derived using linear regression on the logarithm of the weekly standard uptake value (SUV) ratios for each tumor voxel, such as SUV measured at a dose level normalized to the baseline SUV0. The dynamic characteristics were evaluated by comparing the DRMi estimated using a single feedback image acquired at the ith treatment week (i = 1, 2, 3, or 4) to the DRM estimated using the last feedback image for each patient. The predictive capability of the DRM estimated using 1 or 2 feedback images was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic test with respect to the treatment outcome of tumor local–regional control or failure. Results The mean ± SD of tumor voxel SUV measured at the pretreatment and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and last treatment weeks was 6.76 ± 3.69, 5.72 ± 3.43, 3.85 ± 2.22, 3.27 ± 2.25, 2.5 ± 1.79, and 2.23 ± 1.27, respectively. The deviations between the DRMi estimated using the single feedback image obtained at the ith week and the last feedback image were 0.86 ± 4.87, −0.06 ± 0.3, −0.09 ± 0.17, and −0.09 ± 0.12 for DRM1, DRM2, DRM3, and DRM4, respectively. The predictive capability of DRM3 and DRM4 was significant (p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) was increased with the increase in treatment dose level. The DRMs constructed using the single feedback image achieved an AUC of 0.86~1. The AUC was slightly improved to 0.94~1 for the DRMs estimated using 2 feedback images. Conclusion Tumor voxel metabolic activity measured using FDG-PET/CT fluctuated noticeably during the first 2 treatment weeks and obtained a stabilized reduction rate thereafter. Tumor voxel DRM constructed using a single FDG-PET/CT feedback image after the 2nd treatment week (>20 Gy) has a good predictive capability. The predictive capability improved continuously using a later feedback image and marginally improved when two feedback images were applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Chen
- Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - An Qin
- Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Di Yan
- Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States.,Radiation Oncology, Huaxi Hospital/School of Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Keulers TG, Koch A, van Gisbergen MW, Barbeau LMO, Zonneveld MI, de Jong MC, Savelkouls KGM, Wanders RG, Bussink J, Melotte V, Rouschop KMA. ATG12 deficiency results in intracellular glutamine depletion, abrogation of tumor hypoxia and a favorable prognosis in cancer. Autophagy 2021; 18:1898-1914. [PMID: 34904929 PMCID: PMC9450974 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2008690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with increased tumor progression, resistance to therapy and increased metastasis. Hence, tumor hypoxia is a prognostic factor independent of treatment modality. To survive hypoxia, cells activate macroautophagy/autophagy. Paradoxically, in several cancer types, mutations or loss of essential autophagy genes have been reported that are associated with earlier onset of tumor growth. However, to our knowledge, the phenotypic and therapeutic consequences of autophagy deficiency have remained unexplored. In this study, we determined autophagy-defects in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and observed that expression of ATG12 (autophagy related 12) was lost in 25%-40% of HNSCC. In line, ATG12 loss is associated with absence of hypoxia, as determined by pimonidazole immunohistochemistry. Hence, ATG12 loss is associated with improved prognosis after therapy in two independent HNSCC cohorts and 7 additional cancer types. In vivo, ATG12 targeting resulted in decreased hypoxia tolerance, increased necrosis and sensitivity of the tumor to therapy, but in vitro ATG12-deficient cells displayed enhanced survival in nutrient-rich culture medium. Besides oxygen, delivery of glucose was hampered in hypoxic regions in vivo, which increases the reliance of cells on other carbon sources (e.g., L-glutamine). We observed decreased intracellular L-glutamine levels in ATG12-deficient cells during hypoxia and increased cell killing after L-glutamine depletion, indicating a central role for ATG12 in maintaining L-glutamine homeostasis. Our results demonstrate that ATG12low tumors represent a phenotypically different subtype that, due to the lowered hypoxia tolerance, display a favorable outcome after therapy. Abbreviations: ARCON:accelerated radiotherapy with carbogen and nicotinamide; ATG: autophagy related; BrdUrd: bromodeoxyuridine; CA9/CAIX: carbonic anhydrase 9; HIF1A/HIF1α: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; HPV: human papilloma virus; HR: hazard ratio; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; mRNA: messenger ribonucleic acid; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; SLC2A1/GLUT1: solute carrier family 2 member 1; TCGA: the Cancer Genome Atlas; TME: tumor microenvironment; UTR: untranslated region; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom G Keulers
- Department of Radiotherapy, Grow - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Pathology, Grow - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marike W van Gisbergen
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, Grow - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lydie M O Barbeau
- Department of Radiotherapy, Grow - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke I Zonneveld
- Department of Radiotherapy, Grow - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C de Jong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim G M Savelkouls
- Department of Radiotherapy, Grow - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, Grow - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kasper M A Rouschop
- Department of Radiotherapy, Grow - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Predictive value of transcriptional expression of Krüppel-like factor-6 (KLF6) in head and neck carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2507-2512. [PMID: 34061320 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the relationship between the transcriptional expression of Krüppel-like factor-6 (KLF6) and local response to treatment with radiotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS We determined the transcriptional expression of KLF6 in tumour biopsies obtained before treatment with radiotherapy in 83 HNSCC patients. The KLF6 expression was categorized according to the local control of the disease with a recursive partitioning analysis. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 27 patients (32.5%) had a local recurrence of the tumour. Patients with local recurrence had significantly higher levels of KLF6 expression than patients in which radiotherapy achieved local control of the disease (P = 0.029). Five-year local recurrence-free survival for patients with a high transcriptional expression of KLF6 (n = 46) was 51.1% (95% CI 36.4-66.2%), and for patients with low expression it was 85.6% (95% CI 73.9-97.3%) (P = 0.0001). The results of a multivariate analysis showed that patients with a high KLF6 expression had a 3.8 times higher risk of local recurrence after treatment with radiotherapy (95% CI 1.4-10.5, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Transcriptional expression of KLF6 was significantly related to local control in HNSCC patients treated with radiotherapy. Patients with high levels of KLF6 expression had a significantly higher risk of local recurrence after treatment.
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4
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Seo Y, Tamari K, Takahashi Y, Minami K, Isohashi F, Suzuki O, Sumida I, Ogawa K. Impact of accumulated alterations in driver and passenger genes on response to radiation therapy. Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20190625. [PMID: 32031414 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although various single genetic factors have been shown to affect radiosensitivity, high-throughput DNA sequencing analyses have revealed complex genomic landscapes in many cancer types. The aim of this study is to elucidate the association between accumulated alterations in driver and passenger genes and radiation therapy response. METHODS We used 59 human solid cancer cell lines derived from 11 organ sites. Radiation-induced cell death was measured using a standard colony-forming assay delivered as a single dose ranging from 0 to 12 Gy. Comprehensive genomic data for the cell lines were acquired from the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer v. 80. Random forest classifiers were constructed to predict radioresistant phenotypes using genomic features. The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets were used to evaluate the clinical impact of the genomic feature following radiotherapy. RESULTS The 59 cancer cell lines harbored either nucleotide variations or copy number variations in a median of 157 genes per cell. Radiosensitivity of the cancer cells was correlated with neither the number of driver gene mutations nor the number of passenger gene mutations. However, the proportion of driver gene alterations to total gene alterations in gene sets selected from the Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes predicted radioresistant cells with sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 73%. High probability of radioresistance predicted by the model was associated with worse overall survival following definitive radiotherapy in patients of The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets. CONCLUSION Cellular radiosensitivity was associated with the proportion of driver to total gene alterations in the selected oncogenic pathways, which may be a biomarker candidate for response to radiation therapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE These findings suggest that accumulated alterations in not only driver genes but also passenger genes affect radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Seo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Minami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Isohashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Bossi P, Seront E, Machiels JP. May we rely on induction chemotherapy again as a biological selection of radiosensitive head and neck cancer? Oral Oncol 2019; 94:121-122. [PMID: 31126715 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bossi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Emmanuel Seront
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital de Jolimont, 7100 Haine Saint Paul, Belgium
| | - Jean Pascal Machiels
- Institut Roi Albert II, Department of Medical Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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6
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van der Heijden M, de Jong MC, Verhagen CVM, de Roest RH, Sanduleanu S, Hoebers F, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH, Vens C, Verheij M, van den Brekel MWM. Acute Hypoxia Profile is a Stronger Prognostic Factor than Chronic Hypoxia in Advanced Stage Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E583. [PMID: 31027242 PMCID: PMC6520712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic head and neck tumors respond poorly to radiotherapy and can be identified using gene expression profiles. However, it is unknown whether treatment outcome is driven by acute or chronic hypoxia. Gene expression data of 398 head and neck cancers was collected. Four clinical hypoxia profiles were compared to in vitro acute and chronic hypoxia profiles. Chronic and acute hypoxia profiles were tested for their association to outcome using Cox proportional hazard analyses. In an initial set of 224 patients, scores of the four clinical hypoxia profiles correlated with each other and with chronic hypoxia. However, the acute hypoxia profile showed a stronger association with local recurrence after chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.02; HR = 3.1) than the four clinical (chronic hypoxia) profiles (p = 0.2; HR = 0.9). An independent set of 174 patients confirmed that acute hypoxia is a stronger prognostic factor than chronic hypoxia for overall survival, progression-free survival, local and locoregional control. Multivariable analyses accounting for known prognostic factors substantiate this finding (p = 0.045; p = 0.042; p = 0.018 and p = 0.003, respectively). In conclusion, the four clinical hypoxia profiles are related to chronic hypoxia and not acute hypoxia. The acute hypoxia profile shows a stronger association with patient outcome and should be incorporated into existing prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van der Heijden
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique C de Jong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline V M Verhagen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Reinout H de Roest
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sebastian Sanduleanu
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW ⁻ School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Dr. Tanslaan 12, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Hoebers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW ⁻ School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Dr. Tanslaan 12, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - C René Leemans
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Conchita Vens
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel W M van den Brekel
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Oliver DE, Mohammadi H, Figura N, Frakes JM, Yamoah K, Perez BA, Wuthrick EJ, Naghavi AO, Caudell JJ, Harrison LB, Torres-Roca JF, Ahmed KA. Novel Genomic-Based Strategies to Personalize Lymph Node Radiation Therapy. Semin Radiat Oncol 2019; 29:111-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Perumal V, Corica T, Dharmarajan AM, Sun Z, Dhaliwal SS, Dass CR, Dass J. Circulating Tumour Cells (CTC), Head and Neck Cancer and Radiotherapy; Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E367. [PMID: 30875950 PMCID: PMC6468366 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common cancer in Australia and globally. Despite the current improved treatment modalities, there is still up to 50⁻60% local regional recurrence and or distant metastasis. High-resolution medical imaging technologies such as PET/CT and MRI do not currently detect the early spread of tumour cells, thus limiting the potential for effective minimal residual detection and early diagnosis. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are a rare subset of cells that escape from the primary tumour and enter into the bloodstream to form metastatic deposits or even re-establish themselves in the primary site of the cancer. These cells are more aggressive and accumulate gene alterations by somatic mutations that are the same or even greater than the primary tumour because of additional features acquired in the circulation. The potential application of CTC in clinical use is to acquire a liquid biopsy, by taking a reliable minimally invasive venous blood sample, for cell genotyping during radiotherapy treatment to monitor the decline in CTC detectability, and mutational changes in response to radiation resistance and radiation sensitivity. Currently, very little has been published on radiation therapy, CTC, and circulating cancer stem cells (CCSCs). The prognostic value of CTC in cancer management and personalised medicine for head and neck cancer radiotherapy patients requires a deeper understanding at the cellular level, along with other advanced technologies. With this goal, this review summarises the current research of head and neck cancer CTC, CCSC and the molecular targets for personalised radiotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanathi Perumal
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Cancer Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Tammy Corica
- Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Cancer Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Arun M Dharmarajan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Satvinder S Dhaliwal
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Joshua Dass
- Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Cancer Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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9
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Tang Z, Zeng Q, Li Y, Zhang X, Ma J, Suto MJ, Xu B, Yi N. Development of a radiosensitivity gene signature for patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27428-27439. [PMID: 28404969 PMCID: PMC5432346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant radiotherapy is an important clinical treatment option for the majority of sarcomas. The motivation of current study is to identify a gene signature and to predict radiosensitive patients who are most likely to benefit from radiotherapy. Using the public available data of soft tissue sarcoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we developed a cross-validation procedure for identifying a gene signature and predicting radiosensitive patients through. The result showed that the predicted radiosensitive patients who received radiotherapy had a significantly better survival with a reduced rate of new tumor event and disease progression. Strata analysis showed that the predicted radiosensitive patients had significantly better survival under radiotherapy independent of histologic types. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to validate the gene signature, and the results showed the predicted sensitivity for each patient well matched the results from cluster analysis. Together, we demonstrate a radiosensitive molecular signature that can be potentially used for identifying radiosensitive patients with sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiang Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jinlu Ma
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, China
| | - Mark J Suto
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Tonella L, Giannoccaro M, Alfieri S, Canevari S, De Cecco L. Gene Expression Signatures for Head and Neck Cancer Patient Stratification: Are Results Ready for Clinical Application? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017; 18:32. [PMID: 28474265 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-017-0472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth leading cancer by incidence worldwide and considering the recent EUROCARE-5 population-based study the 5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients in Europe ranges between 69% in localized cases and 34% in patients with regional involvement. The development of high-throughput gene expression assays in the last two decades has provided the invaluable opportunity to improve our knowledge on cancer biology and to identify predictive signatures in the most deeply analyzed malignancies, such as hematological and breast cancers. At variance, till 2010, the number of reliable reports referring gene expression data related to HSNCC biology and prediction was quite limited. A critical revision of the literature reporting gene expression data in HNSCC indicated that in the last 6 years, there were new important studies with a relevant increase in the sample size and a more accurate selection of cases, the publication of a growing number of studies applying a computational integration (meta-analysis) of different microarray datasets addressing similar clinical/biological questions, the increased use of molecular sub-classification of tumors according to their gene expression, and the release of the publicly available largest dataset in HNSCC by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium. Overall, also for this disease, it become evident that the expression analysis of the entire transcriptome has been enabling to achieve the identification of promising molecular signatures for (i) disclosure of the biology behind carcinogenesis with special focus on the HPV-related one, (ii) prediction of tumor recurrence or metastasis development, (iii) identification of subgroups of tumors with different biology and associated prognosis, and (iv) prediction of outcome and/or response to therapy. The increasing awareness of the relevance of strict collaboration among clinicians and translational researchers would in a near future enable the application of a personalized HNSCCs patients' treatment in the clinical practice based also on gene expression signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tonella
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giannoccaro
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Reid P, Wilson P, Li Y, Marcu LG, Staudacher AH, Brown MP, Bezak E. In vitro investigation of head and neck cancer stem cell proportions and their changes following X-ray irradiation as a function of HPV status. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186186. [PMID: 29028842 PMCID: PMC5640219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have a distinct aetiology, which depends on the presence of oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV). Also, HNSCC contains cancer stem cells (CSCs) that have greater radioresistance and capacity to change replication dynamics in response to irradiation compared to non-clonogenic cells. Since there is limited data on CSCs in HNSCC as a function of HPV status, better understanding of their radiobiology may enable improved treatment outcome. METHODS Baseline and post-irradiation changes in CSC proportions were investigated by flow cytometry in a HPV-negative (UM-SCC-1) and a HPV-positive (UM-SCC-47) HNSCC cell line, using fluorescent staining with CD44/ALDH markers. CSC proportions in both irradiated and unirradiated cultures were compared for the two cell lines at various times post-irradiation. To assess repopulation of CSCs, untreated cultures were depleted of CD44+/ALDH+ cells and re-cultured for 3 weeks before flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS CSC proportions in untreated cell lines were 0.57% (UM-SCC-1) and 2.87% (UM-SCC-47). Untreated cell lines depleted of CD44+/ALDH+ repopulated this phenotype to a mean of 0.15% (UM-SCC-1) and 6.76% (UM-SCC-47). All UM-SCC-47 generations showed elevated CSC proportions after irradiation, with the most significant increase at 2 days post-irradiation. The highest elevation in UM-SCC-1 CSCs was observed at 1 day post-irradiation in the 2nd generation and at 3 days after irradiation in the 3rd generation. When measured after 10 days, only the 3rd generation of UM-SCC-1 showed elevated CSCs. CONCLUSIONS CSC proportions in both cell lines were elevated after exposure and varied with time post irradiation. UM-SCC-47 displayed significant plasticity in repopulating the CSC phenotype in depleted cultures, which was not seen in UM-SCC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Reid
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Puthenparampil Wilson
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medical Physics, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yanrui Li
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Loredana G. Marcu
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Alexander H. Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael P. Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Tang Z, Zeng Q, Li Y, Zhang X, Suto MJ, Xu B, Yi N. Predicting radiotherapy response for patients with soft tissue sarcoma by developing a molecular signature. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2814-2824. [PMID: 29048650 PMCID: PMC5780036 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare and aggressive tumors arising from connective tissues. Adjuvant radiotherapy is a commonly used treatment approach for the majority of sarcomas. We attempted to identify a gene signature that can predict radiosensitive patients who are most likely to have a better treatment response from radiotherapy, compared with disease progression. Using the publicly available data of soft tissue sarcoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we developed a cross-validation procedure to identify a predictive gene signature for radiosensitivity. The results showed that the predicted radiosensitive patients who received radiotherapy had significantly improved treatment response. We further provide supportive evidence to validate our sensitivity prediction. Results showed that the predicted radiosensitive patients who received radiotherapy had significantly improved survival than patients who did not. ROC analysis showed that the developed gene signature had a powerful prediction on treatment response. We further found that predicted radiosensitive patients who received radiotherapy had a significantly reduced rate of new tumor events. Finally, we validated our gene signature using a hierarchical cluster analysis, and found that the predicted sensitivities were well-matched with results from the cluster analysis. These results are consistent with our expectation, suggesting that the identified gene signature and radiosensitivity prediction are effective. The genes involved in the signature may provide a molecular basis for prognostic studies and radiotherapy target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiang Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mark J Suto
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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13
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Foy JP, Bazire L, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Deneuve S, Kielbassa J, Thomas E, Viari A, Puisieux A, Goudot P, Bertolus C, Foray N, Kirova Y, Verrelle P, Saintigny P. A 13-gene expression-based radioresistance score highlights the heterogeneity in the response to radiation therapy across HPV-negative HNSCC molecular subtypes. BMC Med 2017; 15:165. [PMID: 28859688 PMCID: PMC5580222 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is associated with a substantial morbidity and inconsistent efficacy. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive status is recognized as a marker of increased radiosensitivity. Our goal was to identify molecular markers associated with benefit to radiotherapy in patients with HPV-negative disease. METHODS Gene expression profiles from public repositories were downloaded for data mining. Training sets included 421 HPV-negative HNSCC tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 32 HNSCC cell lines with available radiosensitivity data (GSE79368). A radioresistance (RadR) score was computed using the single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis tool. The validation sets included two panels of cell lines (NCI-60 and GSE21644) and HPV-negative HNSCC tumor datasets, including 44 (GSE6631), 82 (GSE39366), and 179 (GSE65858) patients, respectively. We finally performed an integrated analysis of the RadR score with known recurrent genomic alterations in HNSCC, patterns of protein expression, biological hallmarks, and patterns of drug sensitivity using TCGA and the E-MTAB-3610 dataset (659 pancancer cell lines, 140 drugs). RESULTS We identified 13 genes differentially expressed between tumor and normal head and neck mucosa that were associated with radioresistance in vitro and in patients. The 13-gene expression-based RadR score was associated with recurrence in patients treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy but not with surgery alone. It was significantly different among different molecular subtypes of HPV-negative HNSCC and was significantly lower in the "atypical" molecular subtype. An integrated analysis of RadR score with genomic alterations, protein expression, biological hallmarks and patterns of drug sensitivity showed a significant association with CCND1 amplification, fibronectin expression, seven hallmarks (including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and unfolded protein response), and increased sensitivity to elesclomol, an HSP90 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the clinical relevance of the molecular classification of HNSCC and the RadR score to refine radiation strategies in HPV-negative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Foy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pierre Marie Curie-Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Louis Bazire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Sophie Deneuve
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Department of Surgery, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Janice Kielbassa
- Platform of Bioninformatics-Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Platform of Bioninformatics-Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Alain Viari
- Platform of Bioninformatics-Gilles Thomas, Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Patrick Goudot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pierre Marie Curie-Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Chloé Bertolus
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pierre Marie Curie-Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Youlia Kirova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- INSERM U 1196 , CNRS UMR 9187, Institut Curie, Orsay, F-91405, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean-Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, 69008, France.
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El Naqa I, Kerns SL, Coates J, Luo Y, Speers C, West CML, Rosenstein BS, Ten Haken RK. Radiogenomics and radiotherapy response modeling. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:R179-R206. [PMID: 28657906 PMCID: PMC5557376 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa7c55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in patient-specific information and biotechnology have contributed to a new era of computational medicine. Radiogenomics has emerged as a new field that investigates the role of genetics in treatment response to radiation therapy. Radiation oncology is currently attempting to embrace these recent advances and add to its rich history by maintaining its prominent role as a quantitative leader in oncologic response modeling. Here, we provide an overview of radiogenomics starting with genotyping, data aggregation, and application of different modeling approaches based on modifying traditional radiobiological methods or application of advanced machine learning techniques. We highlight the current status and potential for this new field to reshape the landscape of outcome modeling in radiotherapy and drive future advances in computational oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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15
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Abstract
Cellular chromosomal DNA is the principal target through which ionising radiation exerts it diverse biological effects. This chapter summarises the relevant DNA damage signalling and repair pathways used by normal and tumour cells in response to irradiation. Strategies for tumour radiosensitisation are reviewed which exploit tumour-specific DNA repair deficiencies or signalling pathway addictions, with a special focus on growth factor signalling, PARP, cancer stem cells, cell cycle checkpoints and DNA replication. This chapter concludes with a discussion of DNA repair-related candidate biomarkers of tumour response which are of crucial importance for implementing precision medicine in radiation oncology.
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16
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Caudell JJ, Torres-Roca JF, Gillies RJ, Enderling H, Kim S, Rishi A, Moros EG, Harrison LB. The future of personalised radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:e266-e273. [PMID: 28456586 PMCID: PMC7771279 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has long been the mainstay of treatment for patients with head and neck cancer and has traditionally involved a stage-dependent strategy whereby all patients with the same TNM stage receive the same therapy. We believe there is a substantial opportunity to improve radiotherapy delivery beyond just technological and anatomical precision. In this Series paper, we explore several new ideas that could improve understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic differences that exist between patients and their tumours. We discuss how exploiting these differences and taking advantage of precision medicine tools-such as genomics, radiomics, and mathematical modelling-could open new doors to personalised radiotherapy adaptation and treatment. We propose a new treatment shift that moves away from an era of empirical dosing and fractionation to an era focused on the development of evidence to guide personalisation and biological adaptation of radiotherapy. We believe these approaches offer the potential to improve outcomes and reduce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy J Caudell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Javier F Torres-Roca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Heiko Enderling
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sungjune Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anupam Rishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo G Moros
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Louis B Harrison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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17
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Martens-de Kemp SR, Brink A, van der Meulen IH, de Menezes RX, te Beest DE, Leemans CR, van Beusechem VW, Braakhuis BJ, Brakenhoff RH. The FA/BRCA Pathway Identified as the Major Predictor of Cisplatin Response in Head and Neck Cancer by Functional Genomics. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:540-550. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Keulers TG, Schaaf MB, Peeters HJ, Savelkouls KG, Vooijs MA, Bussink J, Jutten B, Rouschop KM. GABARAPL1 is required for increased EGFR membrane expression during hypoxia. Radiother Oncol 2015; 116:417-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Ow TJ, Pitts CE, Kabarriti R, Garg MK. Effective Biomarkers and Radiation Treatment in Head and Neck Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:1379-88. [PMID: 26046489 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0574-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Radiation is a key arm in the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. During the past 2 decades, significant changes in the way radiation therapy is planned and delivered have improved efficacy and decreased toxicity. Refined approaches in the application of radiation and chemoradiation have led to organ-sparing treatment regimens for laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers and have improved local and regional control rates in the postoperative, adjuvant setting. The molecular and genetic determinants of tumor cell response to radiation have been studied, and several potential biomarkers are emerging that could further improve application and efficacy of radiation treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE To discuss the current understanding of potential biomarkers related to radiation response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. DATA SOURCES Existing published literature. CONCLUSIONS Several potential biomarkers are actively being studied as predictors and targets to improve the use and efficacy of radiation therapy to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Several promising candidates have been defined, and new markers are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Madhur K Garg
- From the Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Drs Ow and Garg), Pathology (Dr Ow), Radiation Oncology (Drs Kabarriti and Garg), and Urology (Dr Garg) Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York; and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Drs Ow, Kabarriti, and Garg, and Ms Pitts), Bronx
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20
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Meng J, Li P, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Fu S. A radiosensitivity gene signature in predicting glioma prognostic via EMT pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4683-93. [PMID: 24970813 PMCID: PMC4148091 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 31-gene signature derived by integrating four different microarray experiments, has been found to have a potential for predicting radiosensitivity of cancer cells, but it was seldom validated in clinical cancer samples. We proposed that the gene signature may serve as a predictive biomarker for estimating the overall survival of radiation-treated patients. The significance of gene signature was tested in two previously published datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA), respectively. In GEO data set, patients predicted to be radiosensitive(RS) had an improved overall survival when compared with radioresistant(RR) patients in either radiotherapy(RT)-treated or non radiotherapy(RT)-treated subgroups(p<0.0001 in the RT-treated group). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the gene signature is the strongest predictor(p=0.0093) in the RT-treated subgroup of patients. However, it does not remain significant (p=0.7668) in non radiotherapy-treated group when adjusting for age and Karnofsky performance score (KPS) as covariates. Similarly, in the TCGA data set, radiotherapy-treated glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) patients assigned to RS group had an improved overall survival compared with RR group(p<0.0001). Geneset enrichment analysis(GSEA) analysis revealed that enrichment of epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT) pathway was observed with radioresistant phenotype. These results suggest that the signature is a predictive biomarker for radiation-treated glioma patients' prognostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Radiation Oncology Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai, China. Radiation Oncology Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangru Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Shen Fu
- Radiation Oncology Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai, China. Radiation Oncology Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China
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21
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Wilson GD, Thibodeau BJ, Fortier LE, Pruetz BL, Galoforo S, Akervall J, Marples B, Huang J. Gene expression changes during repopulation in a head and neck cancer xenograft. Radiother Oncol 2014; 113:139-45. [PMID: 25245558 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To investigate temporal changes in global gene expression and pathways involved in the response to irradiation during phases of growth inhibition, recovery and repopulation in a human head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) xenograft. METHODS AND MATERIALS Low passage head and neck squamous cancer cells (UT-14-SCC) were injected into the flanks of female nu/nu mice to generate xenografts. After tumors reached a size of 500 mm3, they were treated with either sham RT or 15Gy in one fraction. At different time points, days 0, 3, and 10 for controls and days 4, 7, 12, and 21 after irradiation, the tumors were harvested for global gene expression analysis and pathway analysis. RESULTS The tumors showed growth inhibition through days 4-7 and began the transition to regrowth around the day 12 time point. When comparing the pooled controls to each day of treatment, there were 22, 119, 125, and 25 differentially expressed genes on days 4, 7, 12, and 21 respectively using a p⩽0.01 and a 2-fold cut-off. Gene Ontology (GO), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and sub-network enrichment analysis (SNEA) identified different biological processes, cell process pathways and expression targets to be active on each time point after irradiation. An important observation was that the molecular events on day 12 which represented the transition from growth inhibition to regrowth identified interferon and cytokine related genes and signaling pathways as the most prominent. CONCLUSION The findings in this study compliment research which has identified components of interferon-related signaling pathways to be involved in radioresistance. Further work will be required to understand the significance of these genes in both radioresistance and treatment response leading to new therapeutic strategies and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, USA; Beaumont BioBank, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal OakUSA.
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Galoforo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, USA
| | - Jan Akervall
- Beaumont BioBank, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal OakUSA; Department of Otolaryngology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, USA
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, USA
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
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22
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De Cecco L, Bossi P, Locati L, Canevari S, Licitra L. Comprehensive gene expression meta-analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microarray data defines a robust survival predictor. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:1628-35. [PMID: 24827125 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma refers to a heterogeneous disease frequently aggressive in its biologic behavior. Despite the improvements in the therapeutic modalities, the long-term survival rate remained unchanged over the past decade and patients with this type of cancer are at a high risk of developing recurrence. For this reason, there is a great need to find better ways to foresee outcome, to improve treatment choices, and to enable a more personalized approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nine microarray gene expression datasets, reporting survival data of a total of 841 samples, were retrieved from publicly repositories. Three datasets, profiled on the same version of microarray chips, were selected and merged following a meta-analysis approach to build a training set. The remaining six studies were used as independent validation sets. RESULTS The training set led us to identify a 172-gene signature able to stratify patients in low or high risk of relapse [log-rank, P = 2.44e-05; hazard ratio (HR) = 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58-3.76]. The model based on the 172 genes was validated on the six independent datasets. The performance of the model was challenged against other proposed prognostic signatures (radiosensitivity index, 13-gene oral squamous cell carcinoma signature, hypoxia metagene, 42-gene high-risk signature) and was compared with a human papillomavirus (HPV) signature: our model resulted independent and even better in prediction. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and validated a prognostic model based on the expression of 172 genes, independent from HPV status and able to improve assessment of patient's risk of relapse compared with other molecular signatures. In order to transpose our model into a useful clinical grade assay, additional work is needed following the framework established by the Institute of Medicine and REMARK guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Cecco
- Functional Genomics and Informatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine
| | - P Bossi
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Molecular Oncology
| | - L Locati
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Molecular Oncology
| | - S Canevari
- Functional Genomics and Informatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicines, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - L Licitra
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Molecular Oncology
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Clinical relevance of breast cancer-related genes as potential biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:324. [PMID: 24885002 PMCID: PMC4031971 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC) is a common cancer form with relatively low 5-year survival rates, due partially to late detection and lack of complementary molecular markers as targets for treatment. Molecular profiling of head and neck cancer has revealed biological similarities with basal-like breast and lung carcinoma. Recently, we showed that 16 genes were consistently altered in invasive breast tumors displaying varying degrees of aggressiveness. Methods To extend our findings from breast cancer to another cancer type with similar characteristics, we performed an integrative analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data to evaluate the prognostic significance of the 16 putative breast cancer-related biomarkers in OSCC using independent microarray datasets and immunohistochemistry. Predictive models for disease-specific (DSS) and/or overall survival (OS) were calculated for each marker using Cox proportional hazards models. Results We found that CBX2, SCUBE2, and STK32B protein expression were associated with important clinicopathological features for OSCC (peritumoral inflammatory infiltration, metastatic spread to the cervical lymph nodes, and tumor size). Consequently, SCUBE2 and STK32B are involved in the hedgehog signaling pathway which plays a pivotal role in metastasis and angiogenesis in cancer. In addition, CNTNAP2 and S100A8 protein expression were correlated with DSS and OS, respectively. Conclusions Taken together, these candidates and the hedgehog signaling pathway may be putative targets for drug development and clinical management of OSCC patients.
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Understanding the tumor microenvironment and radioresistance by combining functional imaging with global gene expression. Semin Radiat Oncol 2014; 23:296-305. [PMID: 24012344 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to present an argument for performing joint analyses between functional imaging with global gene expression studies. The reason for making this link is that tumor microenvironmental influences on functional imaging can be uncovered. Such knowledge can lead to (1) more informed decisions regarding how to use functional imaging to guide therapy and (2) discovery of new therapeutic targets. As such, this approach could lead to identification of patients who need aggressive treatment tailored toward the phenotype of their tumor vs those who could be spared treatment that carries risk for more normal tissue complications. Only a handful of papers have been published on this topic thus far, but all show substantial promise.
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Coscio A, Chang DW, Roth JA, Ye Y, Gu J, Yang P, Wu X. Genetic variants of the Wnt signaling pathway as predictors of recurrence and survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1284-91. [PMID: 24517998 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is potentially curative. Nevertheless, many patients will show disease recurrence after curative treatment. The Wnt signaling pathway is a developmental and stem cell pathway that plays an important role in tumorigenesis and may affect cancer progression. We hypothesize that genetic variants of the Wnt pathway may influence clinical outcome in early-stage NSCLC patients. We genotyped 441 functional and tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 54 genes of the Wnt pathway in 535 early-stage NSCLC patients treated with curative intent therapy including surgery and chemotherapy. For validation, 4 top SNPs were genotyped in 301 early-stage NSCLC patients from the Mayo Clinic. Cox proportional hazard model and combined SNP analyses were performed to identify significant SNPs correlated with recurrence-free and overall survival. Results from discovery group showed a total of 40 SNPs in 20 genes correlated with disease recurrence (P < 0.05). After correction for multiple comparisons, rs2536182 near Wnt16 remained significant (q < 0.1), which was validated in the replication population. Thirty-nine SNPs in 16 genes correlated with overall survival (P < 0.05) in the discovery group, and seven remained significant after multiple comparisons were considered (q < 0.1). In patients receiving surgery-only treatment, rs10898563 of FZD4 gene was associated with both recurrence-free and overall survival. Joint SNP analyses identified predictive markers for recurrence stratified by treatment. Our findings suggest inherited genetic variation in the Wnt signaling pathway may contribute to variable clinical outcomes for patients with early-stage NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Coscio
- Departments of General Oncology, Epidemiology and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA and Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Jack A Roth
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA and
| | | | | | - Ping Yang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Akervall J, Nandalur S, Zhang J, Qian CN, Goldstein N, Gyllerup P, Gardinger Y, Alm J, Lorenc K, Nilsson K, Resau J, Wilson G, Teh B. A novel panel of biomarkers predicts radioresistance in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Eur J Cancer 2013; 50:570-81. [PMID: 24332450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Global gene expression analysis was performed on pre-treatment biopsies from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) to discover biomarkers that can predict outcome of radiation based therapy. METHODS We initially evaluated RNA expression using cDNA microarray analysis of 38 patients that received radiotherapy (RT). The five strongest candidates (VEGF, BCL-2, CLAUDIN-4, YAP-1 and c-MET) were then analysed in pre-treatment biopsies in a second group of 86 patients who received radiation based treatment using immunohistochemical staining (IHC), prepared by tissue microarray. RESULTS In the first population, 13 of 38 (34%) had no (NR) or partial response (PR) to RT. cDNA microarrays revealed 60 genes that were linked to response to therapy. In the second series, 12 of 86 patients (14%) experienced NR or PR to CRT. Cause specific survival (CSS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) at 2 years was 85% and 90% and at 3 years 81% and 84%, respectively. Biomarkers predictive for NR/PR were increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p=0.02), Yes-associated protein (YAP-1) (p<0.01), CLAUDIN-4 (p<0.01), c-MET (p<0.01) and BCL-2 (p=0.02). Biomarkers predictive of poor RFS were YAP-1 (p=0.01) and BCL-2 (p<0.01). Biomarkers predictive of poor CSS were YAP-1 (p=0.04), VEGF (p=0.03) and CLAUDIN-4 (p=0.03). Furthermore, when YAP-1 and c-MET expression levels were combined the prediction of radio-resistance was increased. CONCLUSION All five biomarkers were predictive of poor response to radiation based therapy. In particular, YAP-1 and c-MET have synergistic power and could be used to make treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Akervall
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Surgical Services, Oakland University - William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sirisha Nandalur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Neal Goldstein
- Department of Pathology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Paulina Gyllerup
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ylva Gardinger
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Alm
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarina Lorenc
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolina Nilsson
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - George Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Bin Teh
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Mirghani H, Amen F, Moreau F, Guigay J, Ferchiou M, Melkane AE, Hartl DM, Lacau St Guily J. Human papilloma virus testing in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: what the clinician should know. Oral Oncol 2013; 50:1-9. [PMID: 24169585 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
High risk Human Papilloma virus (HR-HPV) associated oropharyngeal cancers are on the increase. Although, the scientific community is aware of the importance of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) testing, there is no consensus on the assays that are required to reliably identify HR-HPV related tumors. A wide range of methods have been developed. The most widely used techniques include viral DNA detection, with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or In Situ Hybridization, and p16 detected by immunohistochemistry. However, these tests provide different information and have their own specific limitations. In this review, we summarize these different techniques, in light of the recent literature. p16 Overexpression, which is an indirect marker of HPV infection, is considered by many head and neck oncologists to be the most important marker for patient stratification. We describe the frequent lack of concordance of this marker with other assays and the possible reasons for this. The latest developments in HPV testing are also reported, such as the RNAscope™ HPV test, and how they fit into the existing framework of techniques. HPV testing must not be considered in isolation, as there are important interactions with other parameters, such as tobacco exposure. This is an important and rapidly evolving field and is likely to become pivotal to staging and choice of treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haïtham Mirghani
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Furrat Amen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Frederique Moreau
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI and Hospital Tenon Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France.
| | - Joel Guigay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Malek Ferchiou
- Department of Pathology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Antoine E Melkane
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Dana M Hartl
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Jean Lacau St Guily
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI and Hospital Tenon Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France.
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Schaaf MB, Cojocari D, Keulers TG, Jutten B, Starmans MH, de Jong MC, Begg AC, Savelkouls KG, Bussink J, Vooijs M, Wouters BG, Rouschop KM. The autophagy associated gene, ULK1, promotes tolerance to chronic and acute hypoxia. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:529-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Martens-de Kemp SR, Brink A, Stigter-van Walsum M, Damen JMA, Rustenburg F, Wu T, van Wieringen WN, Schuurhuis GJ, Braakhuis BJ, Slijper M, Brakenhoff RH. CD98 marks a subpopulation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells with stem cell properties. Stem Cell Res 2013; 10:477-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Caudell JJ, Eschrich SA, Torres-Roca JF. Personalized medicine for radiation therapy. Per Med 2013; 10:107-110. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy J Caudell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Steven A Eschrich
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Javier F Torres-Roca
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Biomedical Informatics, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Radiotherapy is a mainstay of treatment, either alone for early stage tumors or combined with chemotherapy for late stage tumors. An overall 5-year survival rate of around 50% for HNSCC demonstrates that treatment is often unsuccessful. Prediction of outcome is, therefore, aimed at sparing patients from ineffective and toxic treatments on the one hand, and indicating more successful treatment modalities on the other. Both functional and genetic assays have been developed to predict intrinsic radiosensitivity, hypoxia, and repopulation rate. Few, however, have shown consistent correlations with outcome across multiple studies. Messenger RNA and microRNA profiling show promise for predicting hypoxia, whereas epidermal growth factor receptor expression combined with other measures of tumor differentiation grade shows promise for predicting repopulation rate. Intrinsic radiosensitivity assays have not proven useful to date, although development of repair protein foci assays indicates promise from preclinical studies. Assays for cancer stem cell content have shown promise in several clinical studies. In addition, 2 assays showing robustness as predictors for outcome in HNSCC are human papilloma virus status and epidermal growth factor receptor expression. Neither these nor stem cell assays, however, can as yet reliably indicate alternative and better treatments for poor prognosis patients. It would be of great value to have assays that predict the benefit for an individual from combining new molecularly targeted agents with radiotherapy to increase response, in particular those that exploit tumor mutations to provide tumor specificity. Predictive assays are being developed for detecting defects in repair pathways for single- and double-strand DNA breaks, which should allow selection of drugs targeting the appropriate backup pathway, thus exploiting the concept of synthetic lethality. This is one of the most promising areas for prediction, both currently and in the future.
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Ivanov S. Biochemical markers predicting response to radiation- and radiochemo-therapy in cancer patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 58:635-50. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20125806635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In last years there is increasing interest in radiogenomics and the characterization of DNA array molecular profiles that can predict tumor and no tumor tissues radioresponse. Ongoing studies carried out worldwide in the banking of tumor and no tumor samples give evidence that perspective markers for response prediction in individual patient to intended radiation therapy can be some apoptotic indexes, spectrum a number of specific proteins, and DNA-based microarray molecular profiling analysis as well determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genome of the patients. So far there are only a few robust reports of molecular markers predicting tumor and no tumor tissues response to radiation. The results of new studies, which in future should be validated in larger definitive trials, are likely to see in nearest years. It is needed to determine technologies of methods and to define more precisely areas of its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.D. Ivanov
- Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies
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Fertig EJ, Slebos R, Chung CH. Application of genomic and proteomic technologies in biomarker discovery. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2012:377-382. [PMID: 24451767 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2012.32.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing of the human genome was completed in 2001. Building on the technology and experience of whole-exome sequencing, numerous cancer genomes have been sequenced, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in 2011. Although DNA sequencing data reveals a complex genome with numerous mutations, the biologic interaction and clinical significance of the overall genetic aberrations are largely unknown. Comprehensive analyses of the tumors using genomics and proteomics beyond sequencing data can potentially accelerate the rate and number of biomarker discoveries to improve biology-driven classification of tumors for prognosis and patient selection for a specific therapy. In this review, we will summarize the current genomic and proteomic technologies, general biomarker-discovery paradigms using the technology and published data in HNSCC-including potential clinical applications and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana J Fertig
- From the Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Robbert Slebos
- From the Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Christine H Chung
- From the Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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35
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Takes RP, Rinaldo A, Silver CE, Piccirillo JF, Haigentz M, Suárez C, Van der Poorten V, Hermans R, Rodrigo JP, Devaney KO, Ferlito A. Future of the TNM classification and staging system in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2011; 32:1693-711. [PMID: 20191627 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staging systems for cancer, including the most universally used TNM classification system, have been based almost exclusively on anatomic information. However, the question arises whether staging systems should be based on this information alone. Other parameters have been identified that should be considered for inclusion in classification systems like the TNM. This is all the more important, as a shift toward nonsurgical treatments for head and neck cancer has been made over the years. For these treatment modalities tumor/biologic characteristics next to anatomic information may be particularly important for treatment choice and outcome. The shortcomings of the current TNM classification system will be discussed, along with suggestions for improvement and expansion of the TNM system based on tumor, patient, and environment-related factors. Further improvement of the TNM classification is expected to result in better treatment choices, outcome and prognostication of patients with head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Lallemant B, Evrard A, Chambon G, Sabra O, Kacha S, Lallemant JG, Lumbroso S, Brouillet JP. Gene expression profiling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Clinical perspectives. Head Neck 2011; 32:1712-9. [PMID: 20949446 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, more than 60 gene expression profiling (GEP) studies have been published in the field of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with variable objectives, methods, and results. METHODS The purpose of this study was to present a state-of-the-art review of GEP in HNSCC focusing on the current advances and perspectives for clinical applications. RESULTS Gene expression signatures have been developed to identify screening and diagnostic molecular markers, to improve tumor staging (cervical lymph node and distant metastasis prediction), to differentiate lung metastasis of HNSCC from primary lung squamous cell carcinoma, to predict tumor response to chemoradiotherapy, and to provide outcome predictors. CONCLUSION Some transcriptional signatures that could improve HNSCC management have been identified, but further analyses are required to properly validate and to precisely evaluate their clinical relevance. After an exploratory phase, the completion of large scale projects with stringent methodology is now necessary to transfer GEP from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lallemant
- Service d'ORL et Chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, Place du Pr. Robert Debre, 30029 Nîmes Cedex 9, France.
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Ziober AF, D'Alessandro L, Ziober BL. Is gene expression profiling of head and neck cancers ready for the clinic? Biomark Med 2010; 4:571-80. [PMID: 20701444 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.10.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the head and neck oncology clinic is the need to identify biomarkers and/or gene expression signatures that complement, strengthen and increase the sensitivity and specificity of the current clinicopathologic analyses. Microarray analysis of head and neck tumors has demonstrated that the combined influence of many genes or biomarkers can make superior identifiers and/or predictors of tumor behavior and patient outcome. Here, an update of the recent literature on the prognostic and predictive value of microarrays for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas is presented. Microarray technology has the potential for improved decision-making and corroboration within the clinical setting. However, further integration, standardization, validation and research are required before the use of microarray analysis is ready for routine clinical management of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F Ziober
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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de Jong MC, Pramana J, van der Wal JE, Lacko M, Peutz-Kootstra CJ, de Jong JM, Takes RP, Kaanders JH, van der Laan BF, Wachters J, Jansen JC, Rasch CR, van Velthuysen MLF, Grénman R, Hoebers FJ, Schuuring E, van den Brekel MW, Begg AC. CD44 Expression Predicts Local Recurrence after Radiotherapy in Larynx Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:5329-38. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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de Jong MC, Pramana J, Knegjens JL, Balm AJ, van den Brekel MW, Hauptmann M, Begg AC, Rasch CR. HPV and high-risk gene expression profiles predict response to chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer, independent of clinical factors. Radiother Oncol 2010; 95:365-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Gee HE, Camps C, Buffa FM, Patiar S, Winter SC, Betts G, Homer J, Corbridge R, Cox G, West CML, Ragoussis J, Harris AL. hsa-mir-210 is a marker of tumor hypoxia and a prognostic factor in head and neck cancer. Cancer 2010; 116:2148-58. [PMID: 20187102 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is an important mechanism of treatment resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that regulate multiple mRNAs and are frequently dysregulated in cancer. The authors have investigated the role of 3 microRNAs, including the hypoxia-induced hsa-miR-210, as potential markers of hypoxia or prognosis. METHODS Three hypoxia-related microRNAs, hsa-miR-210, hsa-miR-21, and hsa-miR-10b, were measured in 46 samples from patients with HNSCC. Expression levels were correlated with clinicopathological variables and other markers of hypoxia: a published 99-gene hypoxia metagene, individual hypoxia-related genes such as TWIST1, and immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and its target gene carbonic anhydrase 9. We then performed survival analyses to investigate the prognostic significance of these microRNAs. RESULTS Only the level of hsa-miR-210 was significantly correlated with other markers of hypoxia, including the 99-gene hypoxia metagene (rho = 0.67, P < .001). We found no association between hsa-miR-210, hsa-miR-21, or hsa-miR-10b and clinicopathological variables such as tumor size, differentiation, and stage. However, high levels of hsa-miR-210 were associated with locoregional disease recurrence (P = .001) and short overall survival (P = .008). hsa-miR-21 and hsa-miR-10b had no prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS Expression of hsa-miR-210 in head and neck cancer correlates with other approaches for assessing hypoxia and is associated with prognosis. This warrants further study as a classification marker of patients for therapies involving modulation of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet E Gee
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Braakhuis BJM, Brakenhoff RH, Leemans CR. Gene expression profiling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 18:67-71. [DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32833693ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Eschrich SA, Pramana J, Zhang H, Zhao H, Boulware D, Lee JH, Bloom G, Rocha-Lima C, Kelley S, Calvin DP, Yeatman TJ, Begg AC, Torres-Roca JF. A gene expression model of intrinsic tumor radiosensitivity: prediction of response and prognosis after chemoradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 75:489-96. [PMID: 19735873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Development of a radiosensitivity predictive assay is a central goal of radiation oncology. We reasoned a gene expression model could be developed to predict intrinsic radiosensitivity and treatment response in patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS Radiosensitivity (determined by survival fraction at 2 Gy) was modeled as a function of gene expression, tissue of origin, ras status (mut/wt), and p53 status (mut/wt) in 48 human cancer cell lines. Ten genes were identified and used to build a rank-based linear regression algorithm to predict an intrinsic radiosensitivity index (RSI, high index = radioresistance). This model was applied to three independent cohorts treated with concurrent chemoradiation: head-and-neck cancer (HNC, n = 92); rectal cancer (n = 14); and esophageal cancer (n = 12). RESULTS Predicted RSI was significantly different in responders (R) vs. nonresponders (NR) in the rectal (RSI R vs. NR 0.32 vs. 0.46, p = 0.03), esophageal (RSI R vs. NR 0.37 vs. 0.50, p = 0.05) and combined rectal/esophageal (RSI R vs. NR 0.34 vs. 0.48, p = 0.001511) cohorts. Using a threshold RSI of 0.46, the model has a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 82%, and positive predictive value of 86%. Finally, we evaluated the model as a prognostic marker in HNC. There was an improved 2-year locoregional control (LRC) in the predicted radiosensitive group (2-year LRC 86% vs. 61%, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We validate a robust multigene expression model of intrinsic tumor radiosensitivity in three independent cohorts totaling 118 patients. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a systems biology-based radiosensitivity model is validated in multiple independent clinical datasets.
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Rodemann HP. Molecular radiation biology: Perspectives for radiation oncology. Radiother Oncol 2009; 92:293-8. [PMID: 19726094 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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The use of a comprehensive tumour xenograft dataset to validate gene signatures relevant for radiation response. Radiother Oncol 2009; 92:417-22. [PMID: 19615772 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the use of xenograft models in a novel gene signature validation method using gene expression microarrays. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression profiles of ten human Head and Neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) were obtained. Several published prognostic gene expression signatures were evaluated within this set. These consisted of different radiotherapy relevant signatures (i.e. for hypoxia, proliferation and 'stemness'). Signatures were correlated with various endpoints that have been determined in the ten different xenograft models. These include immunohistochemical measures for hypoxia and proliferation, volume doubling time (VDT) and local tumour control after fractionated irradiation or after single dose irradiation under clamp hypoxia. RESULTS We found several significant correlations between the published gene expression signatures and tumour parameters. Several signatures, like the proliferation and wound signature correlated with BrdU labelling index. Further a 'stemness'-related gene signature showed a strong negative correlation with hypoxic fraction. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous assessment of immunohistochemistry, in vivo tumour properties and gene expression profiling in a comprehensive set of xenograft models can be used to validate and potentially infer biological information about prognostic gene signatures.
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Han J, Kioi M, Chu WS, Kasperbauer JL, Strome SE, Puri RK. Identification of potential therapeutic targets in human head & neck squamous cell carcinoma. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2009; 1:27. [PMID: 19602232 PMCID: PMC2719634 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-1-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive and recurrent malignancy. Identification of unique or overexpressed cell-associated or cell surface antigens is critical for diagnosis and development of cancer vaccines and targeted therapies for HNSCC. We have used high throughput microarray technology to search for candidate targets in HNSCC. Methods Gene expression profiling in 17 HNSCC tumors and 3 normal tonsil tissues was performed by microarray. QRT-PCR analysis was performed to validate the microarray results. The five candidate genes were further characterized by immunohistochemical technique in surgical samples and tissue arrays. Results A total of 192 up-regulated genes at statistical significance of p < 0.01 and log2 ratio ≥ 1 were identified in HNSCC tumors compared to normal tissues. These genes belong to immune response, cell growth, cell cycle regulation, oncogenes, metabolism and others. Five potential novel target genes (FABP5, CD24, CD44, CD74, and HSP27) were identified, which were highly expressed in HNSCC tumor samples and tissue arrays. CD24, CD44, and CD74 proteins were expressed on the cell surface, and FABP5 and HSP27 proteins were predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of HNSCC. Conclusion Five genes and their products may serve as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target for HNSCC. While additional work is needed to elucidate the biological significance of these proteins, CD24 and CD74 expressed only in small proportion of cells indicating tumor heterogeneity and subtypes of tumor initiating cells (CD24+/CD44+) present in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Méndez E, Houck JR, Doody DR, Fan W, Lohavanichbutr P, Rue TC, Yueh B, Futran ND, Upton MP, Farwell DG, Heagerty PJ, Zhao LP, Schwartz SM, Chen C. A genetic expression profile associated with oral cancer identifies a group of patients at high risk of poor survival. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:1353-61. [PMID: 19228736 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if gene expression signature of invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can subclassify OSCC based on survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed the expression of 131 genes in 119 OSCC, 35 normal, and 17 dysplastic mucosa to identify cluster-defined subgroups. Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate the association between gene expression and survival. By stepwise Cox regression, the top predictive models of OSCC-specific survival were determined and compared by receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS The 3-year overall mean+/-SE survival for a cluster of 45 OSCC patients was 38.7+/-0.09% compared with 69.1+/-0.08% for the remaining patients. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, and stage showed that the 45 OSCC patient cluster had worse overall and OSCC-specific survival (hazard ratio, 3.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-6.58 and hazard ratio, 5.43; 95% confidence interval, 2.32-12.73, respectively). Stepwise Cox regression on the 131 probe sets revealed that a model with a term for LAMC2 (laminin gamma2) gene expression best identified patients with worst OSCC-specific survival. We fit a Cox model with a term for a principal component analysis-derived risk score marker and two other models that combined stage with either LAMC2 or PCA. The area under the curve for models combining stage with either LAMC2 or PCA was 0.80 or 0.82, respectively, compared with 0.70 for stage alone (P=0.013 and 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Gene expression and stage combined predict survival of OSCC patients better than stage alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Méndez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
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Nagaraj NS. Evolving 'omics' technologies for diagnostics of head and neck cancer. BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 8:49-59. [PMID: 19273537 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elp004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) is the sixth most common malignancy and is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. As with most solid cancers, the cure rate for SCCHN is excellent if tumors are diagnosed early in the course of the disease. Early diagnosis of cancer remains difficult because of the lack of specific symptoms in early disease as well as the limited understanding of etiology and oncogenesis. Advances in proteomics and genomics contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of neoplasia, cancer diagnosis and anticancer drug discovery. The powerful 'omics' technologies have opened new avenues towards biomarker discovery, identification of signaling molecules associated with cell growth, cell death, cellular metabolism and early detection of cancer. Analysis of tumor-specific omics profiles provided a unique opportunity to diagnose, classify, and detect malignant disease; to better understand and define the behavior of specific tumors; and to provide direct and targeted therapy. These technologies however still require integration and standardization of techniques and validation against accepted clinical and pathologic parameters. This article provides a summary of technologies, potential clinical applications, and challenges of omics in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagathihalli S Nagaraj
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 21st Ave S., Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Lehnerdt GF, Franz P, Bankfalvi A, Grehl S, Jahnke K, Lang S, Schmid KW, Siffert W, Frey UH. Association study of the G-protein beta3 subunit C825T polymorphism with disease progression an overall survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 17:3203-7. [PMID: 18990763 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-allele of a common C825T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene GNB3, encoding the G3 subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins, is associated with a truncated form of the G3 protein that imparts a greater signaling capacity than the alternative C-allele encoding a nontruncated protein. We analyzed the C825T-allele status with regard to disease progression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The prognostic value of the SNP was evaluated in an unselected series of 341 patients treated with curative intent for HNSCC including all tumor stages with different therapeutic regimens. Genotype analysis was done by Pyrosequencing using DNA from paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Genotypes were correlated with relapse-free and overall survival. Proportions of 5-year relapse-free intervals were 62% for CC, 60% for TC, and 42% for TT genotypes. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a significant genotype-dependent relapse-free interval (P = 0.036). In multivariate analysis with stage, localization, grade, gender, and smoking habits as covariates, GNB3 825T homozygous patients displayed a higher risk for relapse than C825 homozygous patients (TT versus CC, hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.8; P = 0.002). The same genotype effect was found for overall survival, TT genotypes were at higher risk for death compared with CC genotypes (hazard ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-4.3; P < 0.001), and 5-year survival proportions were 60% for CC, 52% for TC, and 33% for TT. The GNB3 C825T SNP thus represents a host derived prognostic marker in HNSCC, which allows identifying high-risk patients, which could benefit from novel and/or more aggressive therapeutic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goetz F Lehnerdt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West German Cancer Center Essen, Germany.
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Bustin SA. Molecular medicine, gene-expression profiling and molecular diagnostics: putting the cart before the horse. Biomark Med 2008; 2:201-7. [DOI: 10.2217/17520363.2.3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Bustin
- Institute of Cell & Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; 3rd Floor, Alexandra Wing Royal London Hospital, London, E1 1BB, UK
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