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Shakhakarmi K, Seo JE, Lamichhane S, Thapa C, Lee S. EGF, a veteran of wound healing: highlights on its mode of action, clinical applications with focus on wound treatment, and recent drug delivery strategies. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:299-322. [PMID: 36928481 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been used in wound management and regenerative medicine since the late 1980s. It has been widely utilized for a long time and still is because of its excellent tolerability and efficacy. EGF has many applications in tissue engineering, cancer therapy, lung diseases, gastric ulcers, and wound healing. Nevertheless, its in vivo and during storage stability is a primary concern. This review focuses on the topical use of EGF, especially in chronic wound healing, the emerging use of biomaterials to deliver it, and future research possibilities. To successfully deliver EGF to wounds, a delivery system that is proteolytically resistant and stable over the long term is required. Biomaterials are an area of interest for the development of such systems. These systems may be used in non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and burns. In these pathologies, EGF can reduce the risk of amputation of the lower extremities, as it accelerates the wound healing process. Furthermore, appropriate delivery system would also stabilize and control the EGF release profile in a wound. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have already proven the efficacy of such systems in the above-mentioned types of wounds. Moreover, several formulations such as ointments and intralesional injections are already available on the market. However, these products are still problematic in terms of inadequate diffusion of EGF, low bioavailability storage conditions, and shelf-life. This review discusses the nano formulations comprising biomaterials infused with EGF which could be a promising delivery system for chronic wound healing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo-Eun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chhitij Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, Republic of Korea.
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Centella asiatica-Derived Endothelial Paracrine Restores Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Radiation-Induced Enteritis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162544. [PMID: 36010621 PMCID: PMC9406831 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced enteritis is frequently observed following radiotherapy for cancer or occurs due to radiation exposure in a nuclear accident. The loss of the epithelial integrity leads to ‘leaky gut’, so recovery of damaged epithelium is an important strategy in therapeutic trials. Centella asiatica (CA), a traditional herbal medicine, is widely used for wound healing by protecting against endothelial damage. In this study, we investigated the radio-mitigating effect of CA, focusing on the crosstalk between endothelial and epithelial cells. CA treatment relieved radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction and mitigated radiation-induced enteritis. In particular, treatment of the conditioned media from CA-treated irradiated endothelial cells recovered radiation-induced epithelial barrier damage. We also determined that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a critical factor secreted by CA-treated irradiated endothelial cells. Treatment with EGF effectively improved the radiation-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction. We also identified the therapeutic effects of CA-induced endothelial paracrine in a radiation-induced enteritis mouse model with epithelial barrier restoration. Otherwise, CA treatment did not show radioprotective effects on colorectal tumors in vivo. We showed therapeutic effects of CA on radiation-induced enteritis, with the recovery of endothelial and epithelial dysfunction. Thus, our findings suggest that CA is an effective radio-mitigator against radiation-induced enteritis.
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Jardé T, Chan WH, Rossello FJ, Kaur Kahlon T, Theocharous M, Kurian Arackal T, Flores T, Giraud M, Richards E, Chan E, Kerr G, Engel RM, Prasko M, Donoghue JF, Abe SI, Phesse TJ, Nefzger CM, McMurrick PJ, Powell DR, Daly RJ, Polo JM, Abud HE. Mesenchymal Niche-Derived Neuregulin-1 Drives Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation and Regeneration of Damaged Epithelium. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:646-662.e7. [PMID: 32693086 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) maintains intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and is a key component of organoid growth media yet is dispensable for intestinal homeostasis, suggesting roles for multiple EGF family ligands in ISC function. Here, we identified neuregulin 1 (NRG1) as a key EGF family ligand that drives tissue repair following injury. NRG1, but not EGF, is upregulated upon damage and is expressed in mesenchymal stromal cells, macrophages, and Paneth cells. NRG1 deletion reduces proliferation in intestinal crypts and compromises regeneration capacity. NRG1 robustly stimulates proliferation in crypts and induces budding in organoids, in part through elevated and sustained activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT. Consistently, NRG1 treatment induces a proliferative gene signature and promotes organoid formation from progenitor cells and enhances regeneration following injury. These data suggest mesenchymal-derived NRG1 is a potent mediator of tissue regeneration and may inform the development of therapies for enhancing intestinal repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Tanvir Kaur Kahlon
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mandy Theocharous
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Teni Kurian Arackal
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tracey Flores
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mégane Giraud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Richards
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Eva Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Genevieve Kerr
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia
| | - Mirsada Prasko
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jacqueline F Donoghue
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shin-Ichi Abe
- Center for Education, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Toby J Phesse
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia
| | - David R Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Ryu JW, Choe SS, Ryu SH, Park EY, Lee BW, Kim TK, Ha CH, Lee SW. Paradoxical induction of growth arrest and apoptosis by EGF via the up-regulation of PTEN by activating Redox factor-1/Egr-1 in human lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4181-4195. [PMID: 27935858 PMCID: PMC5354822 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling promotes cell proliferation and survival in several types of cancer. Here, however, we showed that EGF inhibits proliferation and promotes programmed cell death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In A549 cells, EGF increased redox factor-1 (Ref-1) expression and the association of Ref-1 with zinc finger-containing transcriptional regulator (EGR1) via activation of p22phox, RAC1, and an NADPH oxidase subunit. EGF increased p22phox and RAC1 expression through activation of purinergic receptors (P2Y). Elevated Ref-1/EGR1 levels increased phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) levels, leading to inhibition of the Akt pathway. EGF-induced PTEN upregulation increased apoptosis and autophagy-induced damage in A549 cells, whereas Ref-1 knockdown blocked EGF-induced PTEN upregulation in an NADPH oxidase p22phox subunit-independent manner. In addition, p22phox knockdown restored EGF-induced effects, implying that changes in P2Y activity caused by EGF, which activates NADPH oxidase via RAC1, influenced Ref-1-mediated redox regulation. Finally, EGF similarly attenuated cell proliferation and promoted autophagy and apoptosis in vivo in a xenograft model using A549 cells. These findings reveal that EGF-induced redox signaling is linked to Ref-1-induced death in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Won Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Institutive Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Wook Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Keun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Kyeongki Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim JW, Kim MG, Lee HJ, Koh Y, Kwon JH, Kim I, Park S, Kim BK, Oh JM, Kim KI, Yoon SS. Topical Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor for Oral Mucositis Induced by Intensive Chemotherapy with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Final Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168854. [PMID: 28045958 PMCID: PMC5207736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) oral spray for oral mucositis (OM) induced by intensive chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this phase 2 study, patients were randomized to either rhEGF (50 microg/mL) or placebo in a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint was incidence of National Cancer Institute (NCI) grade ≥2 OM. A total of 138 patients were enrolled in this study. In the intention-to-treat analysis, rhEGF did not reduce the incidence of NCI grade ≥2 OM (p = 0.717) nor reduce its duration (p = 0.725). Secondary endpoints including the day of onset and duration of NCI grade ≥2 OM, the incidence of NCI grade ≥3 OM and its duration, and patient-reported quality of life were also similar between the two groups. In the per-protocol analysis, however, the duration of opioid analgesic use was shorter in the rhEGF group (p = 0.036), and recipients in the rhEGF group required a lower cumulative dose of opioid analgesics than those in the placebo group (p = 0.046), among patients with NCI grade ≥2 OM. Adverse events were mild and transient. This study found no evidence to suggest that rhEGF oral spray reduces the incidence of OM. However, further studies are needed to investigate the effect of rhEGF on OM-induced pain reduction after intensive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngil Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyang Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Im Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SSY); (KIK)
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SSY); (KIK)
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Yang J, Ding C, Dai X, Lv T, Xie T, Zhang T, Gao W, Gong J, Zhu W, Li N, Li J. Soluble Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 41:1399-1410. [PMID: 27660288 DOI: 10.1177/0148607116671101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xujie Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tengfei Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tingbing Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tenghui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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Pejchal J, Sinkorova Z, Tichy A, Pruchova S, Kmochova A, Durisova K, Cechakova L, Lierova A, Ondrej M, Nemcova M, Kubelkova K, Fatorova I, Bures J, Tacheci I, Kuca K, Vavrova J. Epidermal Growth Factor Attenuates Delayed Ionizing Radiation-Induced Tissue Damage in Bone Marrow Transplanted Mice. Radiat Res 2016; 186:264-74. [PMID: 27538113 DOI: 10.1667/rr14247.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment in mice that received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) after 11 Gy whole-body irradiation. C57Bl/6 mice were divided into three treatment groups: 0 Gy; 11 Gy ((60)Co, single dose, 0.51 Gy/min) with BMT (5 × 10(6) bone marrow cells isolated from green fluorescent protein syngeneic mice, 3-4 h postirradiation); and 11 Gy with BMT and EGF (2 mg/kg applied subcutaneously 1, 3 and 5 days postirradiation). Survival data were collected. Bone marrow, peripheral blood count and cytokines, gastrointestine and liver parameters and migration of green fluorescent protein-positive cells were evaluated at 63 days postirradiation. Epidermal growth factor increased survival of irradiated animals that received BMT from 10.7 to 85.7% at 180 days postirradiation. In the BMT group, we found changes in differential bone marrow and blood count, plasma cytokine levels, gastrointestinal tissues and liver at 63 days postirradiation. These alterations were completely or in some parameters at least partially restored by epidermal growth factor. These findings indicate that epidermal growth factor, administered 1, 3 and 5 days postirradiation in combination with bone marrow transplantation, significantly improves long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ales Tichy
- a Radiobiology and.,e Biomedical Reseach Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Klara Kubelkova
- b Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Bures
- d 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; and
| | - Ilja Tacheci
- d 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; and
| | - Kamil Kuca
- e Biomedical Reseach Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Hendry JH, Otsuka K. The role of gene mutations and gene products in intestinal tissue reactions from ionising radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:328-339. [PMID: 27919339 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The response of the intestine to (low linear-energy-transfer) ionising radiation is reviewed regarding the cellular basis to the reactions, the regenerative processes which restore the tissue, and external agents which aid its recovery. In the steady-state, it is generally considered that the crypt cell lineages in both small and large intestine are maintained by a small number of stem cells, but there are differences for example in the composition of their niche residence and in the numbers of transit cell generations. Various cell surface markers are now available to indentify particular lineage cell types. Radiation doses up to 1Gy cause apoptotic stem-cell death in particular locations, at higher doses to >6Gy Lgr5+ stem cells are required for normal intestinal recovery, and at >8Gy some crypts are sterilised and the probability of animal death from intestinal injury increases with higher doses. Mutations in repair genes, tumour suppressor genes, and survival genes cause various degrees of stem cell and clonogenic cell radiosensitisation. Recent evidence is suggesting much plasticity in the crypt cell lineage, potentially contributing to flexibility in the hierarchical lineage, clonogen number variations and the sensitisation differences. Knockout mice for many different genes have been used to detect their role in both steady state and in irradiated conditions, expected to lead to further insight to the damage and restorative processes. Many different external agents have been used to ameliorate intestinal reactions, including prostaglandins, interleukins, angiogenic and epithelial growth factors, other cytokines, and intraluminal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyon H Hendry
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering, Christie Hospital and University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Kensuke Otsuka
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Komae, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen J, Zeng F, Forrester SJ, Eguchi S, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Expression and Function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Physiology and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1025-1069. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical member of a family of membrane-associated intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptors, the ErbB family. EGFR is activated by multiple ligands, including EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, HB-EGF, betacellulin, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and epigen. EGFR is expressed in multiple organs and plays important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation in both development and normal physiology, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. In addition, EGFR transactivation underlies some important biologic consequences in response to many G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Aberrant EGFR activation is a significant factor in development and progression of multiple cancers, which has led to development of mechanism-based therapies with specific receptor antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review highlights the current knowledge about mechanisms and roles of EGFR in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Forrester
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Kim KS, Jeon SU, Lee CJ, Kim YE, Bok S, Hong BJ, Park DY, Ahn GO, Kim HJ. Radiation-Induced Esophagitis In Vivo and In Vitro Reveals That Epidermal Growth Factor Is a Potential Candidate for Therapeutic Intervention Strategy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 95:1032-1041. [PMID: 27130791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish and characterize radiation-induced esophagitis (RIE) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AND MATERIALS Fractionated thoracic irradiation at 0, 8, 12, or 15 Gy was given daily for 5 days to Balb/c or C57Bl/6 mice. Changes in body weight gain and daily food intake were assessed. At the end of the study, we removed the esophagus and examined histology by hematoxylin and eosin staining, immune cell infiltration and apoptosis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and gene expression changes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Het-1A human esophageal epithelial cells were irradiated at 6 Gy, treated with recombinant human growth factors, and examined for gene expression changes, apoptosis, proliferation, and signal transduction pathways. RESULTS We observed that irradiation at 12 Gy or 15 Gy per fraction produced significant reduction in body weight and decreased food intake in Balb/c mice but not as much in C57Bl/6 mice. Further analyses of Balb/c mice irradiated at 12 Gy/fraction revealed attenuated epithelium, inflamed mucosa, and increased numbers of infiltrating CD4+ helper T cells and apoptotic cells. Moreover, we found that expression of tissue inhibitor for metalloproteinase-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and stromal-derived factor-1 were increased, whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF) was decreased. Irradiated Het-1A cells similarly showed a significant decrease in expression of EGF and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Treatment of EGF but not CTGF partially protected Het-1A cells from radiation-induced apoptosis and revealed phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT, and ERK signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS We established a mouse model of RIE in Balb/c mice with 12 Gy × 5 fractions, which showed reduced body weight gain, food intake, and histopathologic features similar to those of human esophagitis. Decreased EGF expression in the irradiated esophagus suggests that EGF may be a potential therapeutic intervention strategy to treat RIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Su Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Jeon
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Chan-Ju Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Seoyeon Bok
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Beom-Ju Hong
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - G-One Ahn
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Pejchal J, Šinkorová Z, Tichý A, Kmochová A, Ďurišová K, Kubelková K, Pohanka M, Bureš J, Tachecí I, Kuča K, Vávrová J. Attenuation of radiation-induced gastrointestinal damage by epidermal growth factor and bone marrow transplantation in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:703-14. [PMID: 25994811 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1054528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on gastrointestinal damage after high-dose irradiation of mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS C57Black/6 mice were used. Two survival experiments were performed (12 and 13 Gy; (60)Co, 0.59-0.57 Gy/min). To evaluate BMT and EGF action, five groups were established - 0 Gy, 13 Gy, 13 Gy + EGF (at 2 mg/kg, first dose 24 h after irradiation and then every 48 h), 13 Gy + BMT (5 × 10(6) cells from green fluorescent protein [GFP] syngenic mice, 4 h after irradiation), and 13 Gy + BMT + EGF. Survival data, blood cell counts, gastrointestine and liver parameters and GFP positive cell migration were measured. RESULTS BMT and EGF (three doses, at 2 mg/kg, administered 1, 3 and 5 days after irradiation) significantly increased survival (13 Gy). In blood, progressive cytopenia was observed with BMT, EGF or their combination having no improving effect early after irradiation. In gastrointestinal system, BMT, EGF and their combination attenuated radiation-induced atrophy and increased regeneration during first week after irradiation with the combination being most effective. Signs of systemic inflammatory reaction were observed 30 days after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that BMT together with EGF is a promising strategy in the treatment of high-dose whole-body irradiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pejchal
- a Department of Radiobiology , Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence , Trebesska, Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šinkorová
- a Department of Radiobiology , Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence , Trebesska, Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Tichý
- a Department of Radiobiology , Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence , Trebesska, Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Kmochová
- a Department of Radiobiology , Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence , Trebesska, Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Ďurišová
- a Department of Radiobiology , Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence , Trebesska, Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Klára Kubelková
- b Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology , Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence , Trebesska, Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- b Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology , Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence , Trebesska, Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bureš
- c 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology , Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague , Simkova, Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Ilja Tachecí
- c 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology , Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague , Simkova, Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuča
- d Biomedical Reseach Centre, University Hospital , Sokolska, Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Vávrová
- a Department of Radiobiology , Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence , Trebesska, Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
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12
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Thomas DR, Walmsley AM. Improved expression of recombinant plant-made hEGF. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1801-14. [PMID: 25048022 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The yield of recombinant hEGF was increased approximately tenfold through a range of optimisations. Further, the recombinant protein was found to have biological activity comparable to commercial hEGF. Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) is a powerful mitogen that can enhance the healing of a wide range of injuries, including burns, cuts, diabetic ulcers and gastric ulcers. However, despite its clinical value, hEGF is only consistently used for the treatment of chronic diabetic ulcers due to its high cost. In this study, hEGF was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and targeted to the apoplast, ER and vacuole. Several other approaches were also included in a stepwise fashion to identify the optimal conditions for the expression of recombinant hEGF. Expression was found to be highest in the vacuole, while targeting hEGF to the ER caused a decrease in total soluble protein (TSP). Using a codon optimised sequence was found to increase vacuolar targeted hEGF yield by ~34 %, while it was unable to increase the yield of ER targeted hEGF. The use of the P19 silencing inhibitor was able to further increase expression by over threefold, and using 5-week-old plants significantly increased expression compared to 4- or 6-week-old-plants. The combined effect of these optimisations increased expression tenfold over the initial apoplast targeted construct to an average yield of 6.24 % of TSP. The plant-made hEGF was then shown to be equivalent to commercial E. coli derived hEGF in its ability to promote the proliferation of mouse keratinocytes. This study supports the potential for plants to be used for the commercial production of hEGF, and identifies a potential limitation for the further improvement of recombinant protein yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rhys Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia,
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13
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Lee J, Lee SW, Hong JP, Shon MW, Ryu SH, Ahn SD. Foam dressing with epidermal growth factor for severe radiation dermatitis in head and neck cancer patients. Int Wound J 2014; 13:390-3. [PMID: 24947011 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of foam dressing with human recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on the healing process in head and neck cancer patients who experience radiation-induced dermatitis (RID). Seven patients, including three with oropharyngeal, two with nasopharyngeal and one each with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinoma, who underwent radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer at the Asan Medical Center from March to December 2008 were prospectively included in this study. Patients who showed severe RID (more than wet desquamation) on the supraclavicular fossa or neck areas were treated by wound cleaning and debridement of granulation tissue, followed by daily rhEGF spray and foam dressing. Median time to stop exudates and reepithelialisation was 4 days. Within 14 days (median 8 days), all patients showed complete healing of RID and no longer required dressings. This new method of treatment with dressing containing rhEGF may have the potential to accelerate the healing process in patients with RID. A case-control study is needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyo Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Pio Hong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong Wha Shon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Do Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Kong M, Hong SE. Topical Use of Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-Based Cream to Prevent Radiation Dermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients: a Single-Blind Randomized Preliminary Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:4859-64. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.8.4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Russo F, Linsalata M, Clemente C, D'Attoma B, Orlando A, Campanella G, Giotta F, Riezzo G. The effects of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC60) on the intestinal barrier function and gut peptides in breast cancer patients: an observational study. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:56. [PMID: 23379680 PMCID: PMC3575294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several GI peptides linked to intestinal barrier function could be involved in the modification of intestinal permeability and the onset of diarrhea during adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the circulating levels of zonulin, glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and ghrelin and their relationship with intestinal permeability and chemotherapy induced diarrhea (CTD). Methods Sixty breast cancer patients undergoing an FEC60 regimen were enrolled, 37 patients completed the study. CTD(+) patients were discriminated by appropriate questionnaire and criteria. During chemotherapy, intestinal permeability was assessed by lactulose/mannitol urinary test on day 0 and day 14. Zonulin, GLP-2, EGF and ghrelin circulating levels were evaluated by ELISA tests at five time-points (days 0, 3, 10, 14, and 21). Results During FEC60 administration, the lactulose/mannitol ratio was significantly higher on day 14 than at baseline. Zonulin levels were not affected by chemotherapy, whereas GLP-2 and EGF levels decreased significantly. GLP-2 levels on day 14 were significantly lower than those on day 0 and day 3, while EGF values were significantly lower on day 10 than at the baseline. In contrast, the total concentrations of ghrelin increased significantly at day 3 compared to days 0 and 21, respectively. Ten patients (27%) suffered from diarrhea. On day 14 of chemotherapy, a significant increase of the La/Ma ratio occurred in CTD(+) patients compared to CTD(−) patients. With regards to circulating gut peptides, the AUCg of GLP-2 and ghrelin were significantly lower and higher in CTD(+) patients than CTD(−) ones, respectively. Finally in CTD(+) patients a significant and inverse correlation between GLP-2 and La/Ma ratio was found on day 14. Conclusions Breast cancer patients undergoing FEC60 showed alterations in the intestinal permeability, which was associated with modifications in the levels of GLP-2, ghrelin and EGF. In CTD(+) patients, a different GI peptide profile and increased intestinal permeability was found in comparison to CTD(−) patients. This evidence deserves further studies for investigating the potentially different intestinal luminal and microbiota conditions. Trial registration Clinical trial NCT01382667
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Russo
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases I.R.C.C.S. Saverio de Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
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16
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Kim KI, Kim JW, Lee HJ, Kim BS, Bang SM, Kim I, Oh JM, Yoon SS, Lee JS, Park S, Kim BK. Recombinant human epidermal growth factor on oral mucositis induced by intensive chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:107-12. [PMID: 23225026 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most common and debilitating complications in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) oral spray for OM induced by intensive chemotherapy followed by HSCT. Patients were randomly assigned to either the rhEGF group or placebo group. The severity of OM and self-reported quality of life (QOL) were assessed daily. A total of 58 patients were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The incidence of NCI grade ≥ 2 OM was higher in the rhEGF group (78.6% vs. 50%, P = 0.0496). However, the duration of OM in patients with NCI grade ≥ 2 tended to be shorter in the rhEGF group (8.5 days vs. 14.5 days, P = 0.262). The QOL analysis in patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grade ≥ 3 OM showed that rhEGF significantly reduced limitations in swallowing (P = 0.039) and drinking (P = 0.042). The duration of hospitalization (P = 0.047), administration of total parenteral nutrition (P = 0.012), and the usage of opioid analgesics (P = 0.018) were significantly shorter in the rhEGF group with WHO grade ≥ 3 OM. Adverse events were mild and similar between the two groups. In conclusion, this analysis showed that rhEGF did not reduce the incidence of NCI grade ≥ 2 OM. However, the patients with WHO grade ≥ 3 OM in the rhEGF group showed better results compared to the placebo group for several secondary endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Im Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Mee Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul; Republic of Korea
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17
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Ishihara H, Tanaka I, Yakumaru H, Tanaka M, Satoh A, Ishiwata A, Yokochi K, Kurematsu A, Ueda JI, Shibata T, Hachiya M, Akashi M. Acceleration of Regeneration of Mucosa in Small Intestine Damaged by Ionizing Radiation Using Anabolic Steroids. Radiat Res 2011; 175:367-74. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2154.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Kim JK, Kim CS, Ahn HJ, Bang SR, Kim SJ, Yoo HY, Jeong HS. Early recombinant human epidermal growth factor treatment recovers the irradiation-induced decrease of Na+ absorption prior to the definite histological mucositis. Biomed Pharmacother 2010; 64:594-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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19
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Ryu SH, Kim YH, Lee SW, Hong JP. The preventive effect of recombinant human growth factor (rhEGF) on the recurrence of radiodermatitis. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 51:511-517. [PMID: 20657159 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of topical application of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on wound healing and the recurrence of radiodermatitis were assessed in the irradiated skin of BALB/c Nu/Nu mice. Mice irradiated with 45 Gy of radiation were divided into 5 groups and treated with 10, 50, and 100 µg/g rhEGF ointment, vehicle alone, or no treatment (control) for 6 months. Wounds were observed initially in all groups and complete healing time (HT(100)) for initial wound repair did not differ significantly among groups. However, the rate of recurrence over 6 months was significantly lower in the EGF-treated groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Histological examination showed that treatment with the optimum dose of EGF (50 µg/g) accelerated normal wound healing when compared with the higher dose of EGF (100 µg/g), vehicle alone, or no treatment, with the latter group showing irregular epidermal thickness, poor definition of epidermis and dermis, and unstable dermal structure. Collagen distribution was also significantly increased in mice treated with 50 µg/g rhEGF (p < 0.05) compared with the control or vehicle-treated group. Taken together, these results indicate that treatment with exogenous EGF (50 µg/g dose) can enhance radiation-induced wound repair while preserving structural tissue stability and preventing the recurrence of radiodermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Injury to the small bowel from ionizing radiation occurs commonly in patients undergoing cancer therapy and less commonly in instances of accidental radiation overexposure. Several lines of evidence now suggest that dynamic interactions between the host's enteric microbiota and innate immune system are important in modulating the intestinal response to radiation. Here, we will review recent developments in the area of acute radiation enteropathy and examine the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of host-microbial interactions in the process. RECENT FINDINGS There is promise in the development and testing of new clinical biomarkers including serum citrulline. Toll-like receptor agonists and innate immune system signaling pathways including nuclear factor-kappa B profoundly alter intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and crypt survival after radiation exposure. Germ-free conditions, probiotics and antibiotics are each identified as modifiers of disease development and course. A human study suggested that luminal microbiota composition may influence the host's intestinal response to radiation and may change in those developing postradiation diarrhea. SUMMARY New knowledge implies that investigations aimed at deciphering the microbiome-host interactions before and after small bowl radiation injury may eventually allow prediction of disease course and offer opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic or prophylactic strategies.
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Ryu SH, Kang KM, Moon SY, Chai GY, Hong JP, Cho KO, Kang MI, Choi EK, Lee SW. Therapeutic effects of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in a murine model of concurrent chemo- and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 51:595-601. [PMID: 20921827 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent chemotherapy with radiotherapy (CCRT) has been applied for the treatment of advanced stage of head and neck cancer patients. However CCRT is associated with several complications including mucositis, dermatitis, stomatitis, etc. This study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of systemically administrated recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in CCRT-induced oral mucositis in a mouse model. Oral mucositis was induced in male BALB/c mice through combination treatment with cisplatin (11 mg/kg, i.p.) and irradiation (17 Gy) of the head and neck area. rhEGF (1.0 mg/kg/day for consecutive 3 days) was administered systemically, and the therapeutic effect was determined by histological evaluation of the oral mucosa. To elucidate optimal dose of rhEGF on CCRT-induced mucositis, various concentrations (0.04-3 mg/kg) of rhEGF were injected for 3 days. Systemic rhEGF administration accelerated the recovery of body weight. Histologically, rhEGF-treated mice showed significantly increased epithelial cell layer thickness, basal cell number, and expression of Ki-67 compared to control mice. Most effective dose was 1 mg/kg among other doses tested. Systemic administration of 1 mg/kg of rhEGF reduces the severity of oral mucositis induced by CCRT in a mouse model, suggesting that rhEGF can be used for treating CCRT-induced mucositis during the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ryu SH, Moon SY, Yang YJ, Moon SR, Hong JP, Choi J, Lee SW. Recombinant human epidermal growth factor accelerates the proliferation of irradiated human fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2009; 50:545-552. [PMID: 19959882 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.09066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation causes the impaired proliferation of cells lining mucosal membranes. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) facilitates proliferation of various skin cells; however, the wound healing effects of EGF on radiation-damaged cells is less well known. To evaluate the effects of recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) on the proliferation of cells following irradiation, we tested two types of fibroblast cell lines and one keratinocyte cell line. The viable cell numbers were significantly increased by rhEGF treatment for 24 h immediately after 8 Gy of irradiation. The most effective dose of rhEGF was 10 nM in all cell lines used in this study. The percentage of BrdU-labeled cells was also significantly increased by rhEGF treatment. To evaluate the effects of rhEGF on radiation-induced oral mucosal damage in BALB/c mice, we systematically injected 1 mg/kg/day EGF for three days after 17 Gy of irradiation. Administered rhEGF ameliorated radiation-induced mucosal damage in vivo. rhEGF significantly increased the epithelial cell layer thickness and the proliferation of basal layer cells as detected by Ki-67 staining. Our results suggest that rhEGF can be a therapeutic treatment for radiation-induced wounds by stimulating the proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes following irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yusta B, Holland D, Koehler JA, Maziarz M, Estall JL, Higgins R, Drucker DJ. ErbB signaling is required for the proliferative actions of GLP-2 in the murine gut. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:986-96. [PMID: 19523469 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33-amino acid peptide hormone secreted by enteroendocrine cells in response to nutrient ingestion. GLP-2 stimulates crypt cell proliferation leading to expansion of the mucosal epithelium; however, the mechanisms transducing the trophic effects of GLP-2 are incompletely understood. METHODS We examined the gene expression profiles and growth-promoting actions of GLP-2 in normal mice in the presence or absence of an inhibitor of ErbB receptor signaling, in Glp2r(-/-) mice and in Egfr(wa2) mice harboring a hypomorphic point mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor. RESULTS Exogenous GLP-2 administration rapidly induced the expression of a subset of ErbB ligands including amphiregulin, epiregulin, and heparin binding (HB)-epidermal growth factor, in association with induction of immediate early gene expression in the small and large bowel. These actions of GLP-2 required a functional GLP-2 receptor because they were eliminated in Glp2r(-/-) mice. In contrast, insulin-like growth factor-I and keratinocyte growth factor, previously identified mediators of GLP-2 action, had no effect on the expression of these ErbB ligands. The GLP-2-mediated induction of ErbB ligand expression was not metalloproteinase inhibitor sensitive but was significantly diminished in Egfr(wa2) mice and completed abrogated in wild-type mice treated with the pan-ErbB inhibitor CI-1033. Furthermore, the stimulatory actions of GLP-2 on crypt cell proliferation and bowel growth were eliminated in the presence of CI-1033. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify the ErbB signaling network as a target for GLP-2 action leading to stimulation of growth factor-dependent signal transduction and bowel growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Yusta
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wu HG, Song SY, Kim YS, Oh YT, Lee CG, Keum KC, Ahn YC, Lee SW. Therapeutic effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for head and neck cancer. Cancer 2009; 115:3699-708. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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François A, Milliat F, Jullien N, Blirando K, Abderrahmani R, Benderitter M. [Radiotherapy: what therapeutic orientations against the digestive aftereffects?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25:267-72. [PMID: 19361390 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2009253267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite constant progress in radiotherapy techniques such as tumour imaging and cartography, techniques of radiation delivery or fractionation schedules, damage to normal gastro-intestinal tissues is inevitably associated with radiation therapy of pelvic tumours. Acute radiation enteritis concerns 80% of patients. It is related to stem cell loss, default in epithelial regenerating capacity and inflammation-induced mucosal dystrophy and ulceration. Chronic injury may develop in 5 to 10% of patients and is characterized by intestinal wall fibrosis resulting from an exaggerated scarring process, chronic inflammation and tissue necrosis. Research in mechanistic processes of normal tissue damage paved the way for new therapeutic approaches to emerge. These new targets include mucosal regeneration, reduction of vascular activation, inflammation and thrombosis, and fight against mesenchymal cells sustained activation. Effective strategies are multiple on preclinical models, but numerous efforts have to be made to achieve the complicated goal of protection of normal tissues from the side effects of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès François
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, 31, avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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