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Li QKW, Wollny K, Twilt M, Walsh CM, Bright K, Dimitropoulos G, Pires L, Pritchard L, Samuel S, Tomfohr-Madsen L. Curricula, Teaching Methods, and Success Metrics of Clinician-Scientist Training Programs: A Scoping Review. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:1403-1412. [PMID: 36098782 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the literature on clinician-scientist training programs to inform the development of contemporary and inclusive training models. METHOD The authors conducted a scoping review, searching the PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase databases from database inception until May 25, 2020. Studies presenting primary research that described and evaluated clinician-scientist training programs were identified for data abstraction. On the basis of deductive and inductive methods, information about program characteristics, curricula, teaching strategies, and success metrics was extracted. The extracted variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS From the initial 7,544 citations retrieved and 4,974 unique abstracts screened, 81 studies were included. Of the 81 included studies, 65 (80.2%) were published between 2011 and 2020, 54 (66.7%) were conducted in the United States, and 64 (79.0%) described programs that provided broad clinician-scientist training. Few programs provided funding or protected research time or specifically addressed needs of trainees from underrepresented minority groups. Curricula emphasized research methods and knowledge dissemination, whereas patient-oriented research competencies were not described. Most programs incorporated aspects of mentorship and used multiple teaching strategies, such as direct and interactive instruction. Extrinsic metrics of success (e.g., research output) were dominant in reported program outcomes compared with markers of intrinsic success (e.g., career fulfillment). CONCLUSIONS Although programs are providing clinician-scientists with practical skills training, opportunities exist for curricular and pedagogic optimization that may better support this complex career path. Training programs for clinician-scientists can address contemporary issues of wellness and equity by reconsidering metrics of program success and evolving the core tenets of their education models to include equity, diversity, and inclusion principles and patient-oriented research competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queenie K W Li
- Q.K.W. Li is a clinical research coordinator, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7318-1701
| | - Krista Wollny
- K. Wollny is instructor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, and at the time of writing was a PhD candidate, Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and trainee, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marinka Twilt
- M. Twilt is a pediatric rheumatologist and associate professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catharine M Walsh
- C.M. Walsh is staff gastroenterologist, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, an educational researcher, SickKids Learning Institute, a scientist, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), a cross-appointed scientist, Wilson Centre for Research in Education, and associate professor of paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-703X
| | - Katherine Bright
- K. Bright is Health System Impact Postdoctoral Fellow, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Addictions and Mental Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gina Dimitropoulos
- G. Dimitropoulos is a social worker and associate professor, Faculty of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-0290
| | - Linda Pires
- L. Pires is research operations manager, Canadian Child Health Clinician Scientist Program, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lesley Pritchard
- L. Pritchard is pediatric physical therapist and associate professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-376X
| | - Susan Samuel
- S. Samuel is pediatric nephrologist and professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
- L. Tomfohr-Madsen is a clinical psychologist and associate professor, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Patel PS, Vyravanathan S, Milne E, Bezjak A, Wouters BG, Bennewith K, Seuntjens J, Liu ZA, Harding SM, Liu FF, Koritzinsky M, Koch CA. Strategic Training in Transdisciplinary Radiation Science for the 21st Century (STARS21): 15-Year Evaluation of an Innovative Research Training Program. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:656-666. [PMID: 33440225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the 15-year impact of a transdisciplinary research training program for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and clinical trainees focused on radiation science, entitled Strategic Training in Transdisciplinary Radiation Science for the 21st Century (STARS21) with a primary objective to build capacity in radiation research. METHODS AND MATERIALS Alumni (n = 128) and mentors (n = 41) who participated in STARS21 between 2003 and 2018 were sent an anonymized online survey designed to evaluate the program. Twelve alumni and 7 mentors also volunteered to participate in semistructured interviews. The transcribed interviews were coded and analyzed using NVivo12-Pro software. Alumni employment and publications were assessed from program records and by web-based search queries. RESULTS Alumni are located in 11 countries, and nearly 90% are employed in a research-oriented career and continue to publish in radiation medicine- or cancer-related fields. Of those invited, 46 alumni (36%) and 12 mentors (29%) completed the online survey. Approximately 87% of alumni valued interdisciplinary collaboration, and 80% indicated that STARS21 had encouraged them to pursue such collaborations. Alumni emphasized that STARS21 assisted their career development, and the majority of alumni and mentors would recommend STARS21 to other trainees (4.48 and 4.58, respectively; 5 = strongly agree). The time invested in the program was perceived by mentors as worthwhile for the knowledge and skills gained by trainees (4.67; 5 = strongly agree), and 64% of mentors indicated that these benefits were associated with improved trainee research productivity. From the alumni and mentor perspectives, the valuable skills acquired from STARS21 included scientific communication (85% and 83%, respectively) and networking (83% and 92%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS STARS21 is an innovative research training program that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration in radiation medicine research, which is valued by alumni and mentor respondents. Alumni can acquire important skill sets for career development, with a large proportion of alumni currently engaged in radiation research around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parasvi S Patel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sobiga Vyravanathan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Milne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Bezjak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Bennewith
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jan Seuntjens
- Department of Medical Physics, Cedars Cancer Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Medical Physics Unit, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhihui A Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shane M Harding
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Anne Koch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Koritzinsky M, Koch CA, Riley B, Beauchemin N, Johnston G, Johnston M, Koropatnick J, Loiselle CG, Maslowska M, McCormick C, Miller WH, Mulligan L, Tsao MS. From Solo in the Silo to Strategic Training Programs. CBE LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION 2016; 15:le1. [PMID: 27290740 PMCID: PMC4803099 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.15-03-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Koritzinsky
- Terry Fox Foundation Strategic Training Initiative for Excellence in Radiation Research for the 21st Century at CIHR, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - C. Anne Koch
- Terry Fox Foundation Strategic Training Initiative for Excellence in Radiation Research for the 21st Century at CIHR, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Barbara Riley
- CIHR Training Program in Population Intervention for Chronic Disease Prevention: A Pan-Canadian Program and Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- McGill Integrated Cancer Research Training Program, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, and
- Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine, and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gerry Johnston
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Training Program for Atlantic Canada, Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael Johnston
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Training Program for Atlantic Canada, Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - James Koropatnick
- Lawson Health Research Institute CIHR Strategic Training Program in Cancer Research and Technology Transfer and Western University, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Carmen G. Loiselle
- Psychosocial Oncology Research Training and Ingram School of Nursing and Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Segal Cancer Centre and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Magdalena Maslowska
- McGill Integrated Cancer Research Training Program, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, and
| | - Craig McCormick
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Training Program for Atlantic Canada, Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Wilson H. Miller
- Lawson Health Research Institute CIHR Strategic Training Program in Cancer Research and Technology Transfer and Western University, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Lois Mulligan
- Terry Fox Foundation Training Program in Transdisciplinary Cancer Research in Partnership with CIHR and Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute at Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Terry Fox Foundation Strategic Training Initiative in Health Research for Clinician Scientists in Molecular Oncologic Pathology at CIHR, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
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Mazmanian PE, Coe AB, Evans JA, Longo DR, Wright BA. Are researcher development interventions, alone or in any combination, effective in improving researcher behavior? A systematic review. Eval Health Prof 2014; 37:114-39. [PMID: 24214416 PMCID: PMC9827442 DOI: 10.1177/0163278713510375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Academic institutions funded by the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program of the National Institutes of Health were challenged recently by the Institute of Medicine to expand traditional mentoring of graduate and postdoctoral scholars to include training and continuing education for faculty, professional staff, and community partners. A systematic review was conducted to determine whether researcher development interventions, alone or in any combination, are effective in improving researcher behavior. PubMed, CINAHL, and Education Research Complete databases and select journals were searched for relevant articles published from January 2000 through October 2012. A total of 3,459 papers were identified, and 114 papers were retrieved for in-depth analysis. None included randomization. Twenty-two papers reported subjects with professional degrees, interventions, and outcomes. Interventions were meetings, outreach visits, colleague mediation, audit and feedback, and multifaceted interventions. Most studies reported multifaceted interventions (68.2%), often involving mentored learning experiences, and meetings. All studies reported a change in performance, including numbers of publications or grant applications. Nine studies reported changes in competence, including writing, presentation, or analytic skills, and performance in research practice (40.9%). Even as, the quality of evidence was weak to establish causal linkages between researcher development and improved researcher behavior, nearly all the projects (81.8%) received funding from governmental agencies, professional societies, or other organizations. Those who design researcher development activities and those who evaluate the programs are challenged to develop tools and conduct studies that measure the effectiveness, costs, and sustainability of researcher development in the CTSA Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Mazmanian
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
| | - Antoinette B. Coe
- Office of Assessment and Evaluation Studies, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jessica A. Evans
- Office of Assessment and Evaluation Studies, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Daniel R. Longo
- Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
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Standing on the shoulders of giants: results from the Radiation Oncology Academic Development and Mentorship Assessment Project (ROADMAP). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013; 88:18-24. [PMID: 24210670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze survey information regarding mentorship practices and cross-correlate the results with objective metrics of academic productivity among academic radiation oncologists at US Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited residency training programs. METHODS AND MATERIALS An institutional review board-approved survey for the Radiation Oncology Academic Development and Mentorship Assessment Project (ROADMAP) was sent to 1031 radiation oncologists employed at an ACGME-accredited residency training program and administered using an international secure web application designed exclusively to support data capture for research studies. Data collected included demographics, presence of mentorship, and the nature of specific mentoring activities. Productivity metrics, including number of publications, number of citations, h-index, and date of first publication, were collected for each survey respondent from a commercially available online database, and m-index was calculated. RESULTS A total of 158 academic radiation oncologists completed the survey, 96 of whom reported having an academic/scientific mentor. Faculty with a mentor had higher numbers of publications, citations, and h- and m-indices. Differences in gender and race/ethnicity were not associated with significant differences in mentorship rates, but those with a mentor were more likely to have a PhD degree and were more likely to have more time protected for research. Bivariate fit regression modeling showed a positive correlation between a mentor's h-index and their mentee's h-index (R2=0.16; P<.001). Linear regression also showed significant correlates of higher h-index, in addition to having a mentor (P=.001), included a longer career duration (P<.001) and fewer patients in treatment (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS Mentorship is widely believed to be important to career development and academic productivity. These results emphasize the importance of identifying and striving to overcome potential barriers to effective mentorship.
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Navarro A, Cacicedo J. The next generation of radiation oncologists: Challenges and perspectives. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2012; 17:243-5. [PMID: 24669301 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Navarro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Gran vía s/n, Km 2,7, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Cacicedo
- Cruces University Hospital, Radiation Oncology Department, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
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Golden DW, Langer M. Education: the third, but not last, pillar of academic radiation oncology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 83:1353-4. [PMID: 22768987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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