1
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Rana T, Jiang C, Banerjee S, Yi N, Zmijewski JW, Liu G, Liu RM. PAI-1 Regulation of p53 Expression and Senescence in Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2008. [PMID: 37566086 PMCID: PMC10417428 DOI: 10.3390/cells12152008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence contributes importantly to aging and aging-related diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells are progenitors of alveolar epithelium, and ATII cell senescence is evident in IPF. Previous studies from this lab have shown that increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor, promotes ATII cell senescence through inducing p53, a master cell cycle repressor, and activating p53-p21-pRb cell cycle repression pathway. In this study, we further show that PAI-1 binds to proteasome components and inhibits proteasome activity and p53 degradation in human lung epithelial A549 cells and primary mouse ATII cells. This is associated with a senescence phenotype of these cells, manifested as increased p53 and p21 expression, decreased phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb), and increased senescence-associated beta-galactose (SA-β-gal) activity. Moreover, we find that, although overexpression of wild-type PAI-1 (wtPAI-1) or a secretion-deficient, mature form of PAI-1 (sdPAI-1) alone induces ATII cell senescence (increases SA-β-gal activity), only wtPAI-1 induces p53, suggesting that the premature form of PAI-1 is required for the interaction with the proteasome. In summary, our data indicate that PAI-1 can bind to proteasome components and thus inhibit proteasome activity and p53 degradation in ATII cells. As p53 is a master cell cycle repressor and PAI-1 expression is increased in many senescent cells, the results from this study will have a significant impact not only on ATII cell senescence/lung fibrosis but also on the senescence of other types of cells in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Rana
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sami Banerjee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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2
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Prasanna PGS, Aryankalayil M, Citrin DE, Coleman CN. Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis: roles of therapy-induced senescence and microRNAs. Int J Radiat Biol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36763093 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2177768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Progressive, irreversible radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a clinically significant intermediate- to a late-occurring side effect of radiotherapy. Known mechanisms of RIPF include oxidative stress-induced activation of TGF-β with activation of SMAD signaling, TNF-α elaboration, and activation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) mediated production of angiotensin II with resulting activation of profibrotic cytokine signaling and vasoconstriction. The pioneering work of John Moulder, to whom this paper is dedicated, and several of his colleagues demonstrated that inhibiting the conversion of ACE with drugs such as Captopril, Enalapril, and Losartan can ameliorate radiation fibrosis in various tissues. While this work led several groups to probe mechanism-based pharmacological mitigation of RIPF, in this article, we explore and discuss the roles of microRNAs (miRNA) and therapy-induced senescence (TIS) in the pathogenesis of and potential biomarkers for RIPF. CONCLUSION Our analysis of the published literature in the last decade on RIPF, miRNA, and TIS identifies TIS as a mechanism in the onset and progression of RIPF, which is regulated through several miRNAs. This work may lead to the discovery and development of the next generation of miRNA therapeutics and/or the repurposing of approved pharmaceutical agents and the development of early biomarker panels to predict RIPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pataje G S Prasanna
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, The National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Radiation Oncology Branch, The National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, Washington, DC, USA
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3
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Cogno N, Bauer R, Durante M. An Agent-Based Model of Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213920. [PMID: 36430398 PMCID: PMC9693125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early- and late-phase radiation-induced lung injuries, namely pneumonitis and lung fibrosis (RILF), severely constrain the maximum dose and irradiated volume in thoracic radiotherapy. As the most radiosensitive targets, epithelial cells respond to radiation either by undergoing apoptosis or switching to a senescent phenotype that triggers the immune system and damages surrounding healthy cells. Unresolved inflammation stimulates mesenchymal cells' proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, which irreversibly stiffens the alveolar walls and leads to respiratory failure. Although a thorough understanding is lacking, RILF and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis share multiple pathways and would mutually benefit from further insights into disease progression. Furthermore, current normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models rely on clinical experience to set tolerance doses for organs at risk and leave aside mechanistic interpretations of the undergoing processes. To these aims, we implemented a 3D agent-based model (ABM) of an alveolar duct that simulates cell dynamics and substance diffusion following radiation injury. Emphasis was placed on cell repopulation, senescent clearance, and intra/inter-alveolar bystander senescence while tracking ECM deposition. Our ABM successfully replicates early and late fibrotic response patterns reported in the literature along with the ECM sigmoidal dose-response curve. Moreover, surrogate measures of RILF severity via a custom indicator show qualitative agreement with published fibrosis indices. Finally, our ABM provides a fully mechanistic alveolar survival curve highlighting the need to include bystander damage in lung NTCP models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Cogno
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Roman Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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4
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Yao D, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Wang T, Ni M, Qi S, Shen Q, Li W, Li B, Ding X, Liu Z. Aberrant methylation of Serpine1 mediates lung injury in neonatal mice prenatally exposed to intrauterine inflammation. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:164. [PMID: 36183130 PMCID: PMC9526974 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrauterine inflammation (IUI) alters epigenetic modifications in offspring, leading to lung injury. However, the epigenetic mechanism underlying IUI-induced lung injury remains uncertain. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effect of IUI on lung development, and to identify the key molecule involved in this process and its epigenetic regulatory mechanism. Results Serpine1 was upregulated in the lung tissue of neonatal mice with IUI. Intranasal delivery of Serpine1 siRNA markedly reversed IUI-induced lung injury. Serpine1 overexpression substantially promoted cell senescence of both human and murine lung epithelial cells, reflected by decreased cell proliferation and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, G0/G1 cell fraction, senescence marker, and oxidative and DNA damage marker expression. IUI decreased the methylation level of the Serpine1 promoter, and methylation of the promoter led to transcriptional repression of Serpine1. Furthermore, IUI promoted the expression of Tet1 potentially through TNF-α, while Tet1 facilitated the demethylation of Serpine1 promoter. DNA pull-down and ChIP assays revealed that the Serpine1 promoter was regulated by Rela and Hdac2. DNA demethylation increased the recruitment of Rela to the Serpine1 promoter and induced the release of Hdac2. Conclusion Increased Serpine1 expression mediated by DNA demethylation causes lung injury in neonatal mice with IUI. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting Serpine1 may effectively prevent IUI-induced lung injury. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00901-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongting Yao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910# Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 20030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ,grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuru Zhao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910# Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 20030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910# Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 20030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910# Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 20030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Ni
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910# Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 20030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sudong Qi
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910# Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 20030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianwen Shen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910# Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 20030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910# Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 20030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baihe Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910# Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 20030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiya Ding
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910# Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 20030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Departments of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 910# Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 20030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Chung EJ, Kwon S, Shankavaram U, White AO, Das S, Citrin DE. Natural variation in macrophage polarization and function impact pneumocyte senescence and susceptibility to fibrosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7692-7717. [PMID: 36173617 PMCID: PMC9596223 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), a late adverse event of radiation therapy, is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, progressive loss of alveolar structure, secondary to the loss of pneumocytes and accumulation of collagenous extracellular matrix, and senescence of alveolar stem cells. Differential susceptibility to lung injury from radiation and other toxic insults across mouse strains is well described but poorly understood. The accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) has previously been implicated in the progression of lung fibrosis. Using fibrosis prone strain (C57L), a fibrosis-resistant strain (C3H/HeN), and a strain with intermediate susceptibility (C57BL6/J), we demonstrate that the accumulation of M2 macrophages correlates with the manifestation of fibrosis. A comparison of primary macrophages derived from each strain identified phenotypic and functional differences, including differential expression of NADPH Oxidase 2 and production of superoxide in response to M2 polarization and activation. Further, the sensitivity of primary AECII to senescence after coculture with M2 macrophages was strain dependent and correlated to observations of sensitivity to fibrosis and senescence in vivo. Taken together, these data support that the relative susceptibility of different strains to RIPF is closely related to distinct senescence responses induced through pulmonary M2 macrophages after thoracic irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seokjoo Kwon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ayla O White
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shaoli Das
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Patil S, Reedy JL, Scroggins BT, White AO, Kwon S, Shankavaram U, López-Coral A, Chung EJ, Citrin DE. Senescence-associated tumor growth is promoted by 12-Lipoxygenase. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1068-1086. [PMID: 35158337 PMCID: PMC8876904 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a commonly used treatment modality for cancer. Although effective in providing local tumor control, radiation causes oxidative stress, inflammation, immunomodulatory and mitogenic cytokine production, extracellular matrix production, and premature senescence in lung parenchyma. The senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can promote inflammation and stimulate alterations in the surrounding tissue. Therefore, we hypothesized that radiation-induced senescent parenchymal cells in irradiated lung would enhance tumor growth. Using a murine syngeneic tumor model of melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer lung metastasis, we demonstrate that radiation causes a significant increase in markers of premature senescence in lung parenchyma within 4 to 8 weeks. Further, injection of B16F0 (melanoma) or Lewis Lung carcinoma (epidermoid lung cancer) cells at these time points after radiation results in an increase in the number and size of pulmonary tumor nodules relative to unirradiated mice. Treatment of irradiated mice with a senolytic agent (ABT-737) or agents that prevent senescence (rapamycin, INK-128) was sufficient to reduce radiation-induced lung parenchymal senescence and to mitigate radiation-enhanced tumor growth. These agents abrogated radiation-induced expression of 12-Lipoxygenase (12-LOX), a molecule implicated in several deleterious effects of senescence. Deficiency of 12-LOX prevented radiation-enhanced tumor growth. Together, these data demonstrate the pro-tumorigenic role of radiation-induced senescence, introduces the dual TORC inhibitor INK-128 as an effective agent for prevention of radiation-induced normal tissue senescence, and identifies senescence-associated 12-LOX activity as an important component of the pro-tumorigenic irradiated tissue microenvironment. These studies suggest that combining senotherapeutic agents with radiotherapy may decrease post-therapy tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Patil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jessica L Reedy
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bradley T Scroggins
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ayla O White
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seokjoo Kwon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alfonso López-Coral
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Jia AY, Viswanathan AN. Vaginal necrosis: A rare late toxicity after radiation therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 160:602-609. [PMID: 33303211 PMCID: PMC8817784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal necrosis is a late radiation tissue injury with serious morbidity complications. It is rare, and its incidence is not well assessed in prospective trials. Patient comorbidities and radiation dose can significantly increase the risk. As treatment of gynecologic malignancies often involve a multidisciplinary approach, timely diagnosis and appropriate management by physicians of the team are crucial. Untreated vaginal necrosis can lead to infection, hemorrhage, necrosis-related fistulation to the bladder or rectum, perforation, and death. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology of vaginal necrosis, its clinical course, and management options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Y Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Akila N Viswanathan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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8
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Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication in cancer patients receiving local thoracic radiation and bone marrow transplantation conditioning. It is divided into early-stage radiation pneumonitis and advanced radiation fibrosis of the lung. This severely hampers the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. Meanwhile, RILI is a major factor limiting radiation doses in clinical practice, which affects the local control of cancer. Unfortunately, the mechanism of RILI is still not well defined, and there are no treatment options available for these patients. In this review we summarize the methods and agents used for the treatment and prevention of RILI, with the aim of increasing understanding of RILI.
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9
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Jiang L, Deng Y, Li W, Lu Y. Arctigenin suppresses fibroblast activity and extracellular matrix deposition in hypertrophic scarring by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4783-4791. [PMID: 33174021 PMCID: PMC7646887 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars (HSs) are a progressive fibroproliferation disorder caused by abnormal tissue repair after deep skin injury, and are characterized by continuous activation of fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Arctigenin (ATG), a phytomedicine derived from certain plants, displays antifibrotic effects in certain diseases, such as oral submucous fibrosis and peritoneal fibrosis. In the present study, to determine the antifibrotic potential of ATG in HS, a bleomycin (BLM)-induced skin fibrosis murine model was established. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into Control group, BLM group and BLM+ATG group. At 1 day post-bleomycin induction, the BLM+ATG group was intraperitoneally injected with 3 mg/kg/day ATG for 28 consecutive days. Pathological changes in the skin tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Collagen content was determined using a Sircol Collagen assay kit. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA. The expression changes of various factors were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and ELISA. Compared with the BLM group, ATG treatment significantly alleviated skin fibrosis by reducing dermal thickness, collagen content and expression levels of extracellular matrix-related genes (collagen type I α1 chain, collagen type I α2 chain, connective tissue growth factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) in BLM-induced fibrotic skin. ATG also inhibited the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in vivo and decreased the expression of TGF-β1 in BLM-induced fibrotic skin. Furthermore, the contents of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, were significantly decreased in the BLM+ATG group compared with the BLM group. Redox imbalance and oxidative stress were also reversed by ATG in BLM-induced fibrotic skin, as demonstrated by the upregulation of antioxidants (glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and downregulation of oxidants (malondialdehyde) in the BLM+ATG group compared with the BLM group. Moreover, the results indicated that the antioxidant effect of ATG may occur via activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway. Collectively, the present study indicated that ATG could ameliorate skin fibrosis in a murine model of HS, which was partly mediated by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, ATG may serve as a therapeutic agent for HSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
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10
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Khodamoradi E, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi M, Amini P, Motevaseli E, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Najafi M, Farhood B. Targets for protection and mitigation of radiation injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3129-3159. [PMID: 32072238 PMCID: PMC11104832 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protection of normal tissues against toxic effects of ionizing radiation is a critical issue in clinical and environmental radiobiology. Investigations in recent decades have suggested potential targets that are involved in the protection against radiation-induced damages to normal tissues and can be proposed for mitigation of radiation injury. Emerging evidences have been shown to be in contrast to an old dogma in radiation biology; a major amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell toxicity occur during some hours to years after exposure to ionizing radiation. This can be attributed to upregulation of inflammatory and fibrosis mediators, epigenetic changes and disruption of the normal metabolism of oxygen. In the current review, we explain the cellular and molecular changes following exposure of normal tissues to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, we review potential targets that can be proposed for protection and mitigation of radiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
- Misan Radiotherapy Center, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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11
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Liu RM, Liu G. Cell senescence and fibrotic lung diseases. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110836. [PMID: 31958492 PMCID: PMC7036279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fatal lung disorder with an unknown etiology and very limited therapeutic options. The incidence and severity of IPF increase with advanced age, suggesting that aging is a major risk factor for IPF. The mechanism underlying the aging-related susceptibility to IPF, however, remains unclear. Cellular senescence, a permanent arrest of cell growth, has been increasingly recognized as an important contributor to aging and aging-related diseases, including IPF. Senescent cells have been identified in IPF lungs and in experimental lung fibrosis models. Removal of senescent cells pharmacologically or genetically improves lung function and reverses pulmonary fibrosis induced by different stimuli in experimental fibrosis models. Treatment with senolytic drugs also improves clinical symptoms in IPF patients. These intriguing findings suggest that cellular senescence contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung diseases and targeting senescent cells may represent a novel approach for the treatment of fibrotic lung disorders. In this mini review, we summarize the recent advance in the field regarding the role of cellular senescence in fibrotic lung diseases, with a focus on IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Rana T, Jiang C, Liu G, Miyata T, Antony V, Thannickal VJ, Liu RM. PAI-1 Regulation of TGF-β1-induced Alveolar Type II Cell Senescence, SASP Secretion, and SASP-mediated Activation of Alveolar Macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:319-330. [PMID: 31513752 PMCID: PMC7055702 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0071oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence of alveolar type II (ATII) cells, progenitors of the alveolar epithelium, is a pathological feature and contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Despite recognition of the importance of ATII cell senescence in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis, how ATII cell senescence is regulated and how senescent ATII cells contribute to lung fibrogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we show that TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1), a most ubiquitous and potent profibrotic cytokine, induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a cell senescence and fibrosis mediator, and p16 as well as senescence, but not apoptosis, in primary mouse ATII cells. We also found that senescent ATII cells secrete various cytokines and chemokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, which stimulate the expression of genes associated with a profibrotic phenotype in alveolar macrophages. Similar responses were also observed in TGF-β1-treated rat ATII (L2) and rat macrophage NR8383 cells. Deletion of PAI-1 or inhibition of PAI-1 activity with a small molecule PAI-1 inhibitor, however, blocks TGF-β1-induced senescence as well as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype in ATII and L2 cells and, consequently, the stimulatory effects of the conditioned medium from senescent ATII/L2 cells on macrophages. Moreover, we show that silencing p16 ameliorates PAI-1 protein-induced ATII cell senescence and secretion of profibrotic mediators. Our data suggest that PAI-1 mediates TGF-β1-induced ATII cell senescence and secretion of profibrotic mediators through inducing p16, and they also suggest that senescent ATII cells contribute to lung fibrogenesis in part by activating alveolar macrophages through secreting profibrotic and proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Rana
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Toshio Miyata
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Veena Antony
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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13
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Beach TA, Groves AM, Williams JP, Finkelstein JN. Modeling radiation-induced lung injury: lessons learned from whole thorax irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:129-144. [PMID: 30359147 PMCID: PMC6483900 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1532619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Models of thoracic irradiation have been developed as clinicians and scientists have attempted to decipher the events that led up to the pulmonary toxicity seen in human subjects following radiation treatment. The most common model is that of whole thorax irradiation (WTI), applied in a single dose. Mice, particularly the C57BL/6J strain, has been frequently used in these investigations, and has greatly informed our current understanding of the initiation and progression of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). In this review, we highlight the sequential progression and dynamic nature of RILI, focusing primarily on the vast array of information that has been gleaned from the murine model. Ample evidence indicates a wide array of biological responses that can be seen following irradiation, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, cellular senescence and inflammation, all triggered by the initial exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and heterogeneously maintained throughout the temporal progression of injury, which manifests as acute pneumonitis and later fibrosis. It appears that the early responses of specific cell types may promote further injury, disrupting the microenvironment and preventing a return to homeostasis, although the exact mechanisms driving these responses remains somewhat unclear. Attempts to either prevent or treat RILI in preclinical models have shown some success by targeting these disparate radiobiological processes. As our understanding of the dynamic cellular responses to radiation improves through the use of such models, so does the likelihood of preventing or treating RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Beach
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- These authors contributed equally to this publication
| | - Angela M. Groves
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
- These authors contributed equally to this publication
| | - Jacqueline P. Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jacob N. Finkelstein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
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14
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Griukova A, Deryabin P, Shatrova A, Burova E, Severino V, Farina A, Nikolsky N, Borodkina A. Molecular basis of senescence transmitting in the population of human endometrial stromal cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9912-9931. [PMID: 31689238 PMCID: PMC6874437 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-regulated proliferation and differentiation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) determine overall endometrial plasticity and receptivity to embryos. Previously we revealed that ESCs may undergo premature senescence, accompanied by proliferation loss and various intracellular alterations. Here we focused on whether and how senescence may be transmitted within the ESCs population. We revealed that senescent ESCs may induce paracrine senescence in young counterparts via cell contacts, secreted factors and extracellular vesicles. According to secretome-wide profiling we identified plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) to be the most prominent protein secreted by senescent ESCs (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015742). By applying CRISPR/Cas9 techniques we disclosed that PAI-1 secreted by senescent ESCs may serve as the master-regulator of paracrine senescence progression within the ESCs population. Unraveled molecular basis of senescence transduction in the ESCs population may be further considered in terms of altered endometrial plasticity and sensitivity to invading embryo, thus contributing to the female infertility curing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Griukova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Pavel Deryabin
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Alla Shatrova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Elena Burova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Valeria Severino
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Annarita Farina
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Nikolay Nikolsky
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Borodkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg 194064, Russia
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15
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He Y, Thummuri D, Zheng G, Okunieff P, Citrin DE, Vujaskovic Z, Zhou D. Cellular senescence and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res 2019; 209:14-21. [PMID: 30981698 PMCID: PMC6857805 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a serious treatment complication that affects about 9%-30% cancer patients receiving radiotherapy for thoracic tumors. RIPF is characterized by progressive and irreversible destruction of lung tissues and deterioration of lung function, which can compromise quality of life and eventually lead to respiratory failure and death. Unfortunately, the mechanisms by which radiation causes RIPF have not been well established nor has an effective treatment for RIPF been developed. Recently, an increasing body of evidence suggests that induction of senescence by radiation may play an important role in RIPF and clearance of senescent cells (SnCs) with a senolytic agent, small molecule that can selectively kill SnCs, has the potential to be developed as a novel therapeutic strategy for RIPF. This review discusses some of these new findings to promote further study on the role of cellular senescence in RIPF and the development of senolytic therapeutics for RIPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghan He
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dinesh Thummuri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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16
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Reactive Oxygen Species Drive Epigenetic Changes in Radiation-Induced Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4278658. [PMID: 30881591 PMCID: PMC6381575 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4278658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) develops months to years after initial radiation exposure. RIF occurs when normal fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts and lay down aberrant amounts of extracellular matrix proteins. One of the main drivers for developing RIF is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated immediately after radiation exposure. Generation of ROS is known to induce epigenetic changes and cause differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Several antioxidant compounds have been shown to prevent radiation-induced epigenetic changes and the development of RIF. Therefore, reviewing the ROS-linked epigenetic changes in irradiated fibroblast cells is essential to understand the development and prevention of RIF.
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Liu Q, Lu J, Lin J, Tang Y, Pu W, Shi X, Jiang S, Liu J, Ma Y, Li Y, Xu J, Jin L, Wang J, Wu W. Salvianolic acid B attenuates experimental skin fibrosis of systemic sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:546-553. [PMID: 30530290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized mainly by fibrosis of skin and internal organs. Our previous study has shown that salvianolic acid B (SAB), a bioactive component extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), was one of the essential ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine Yiqihuoxue formula, which has been used to treat SSc-related dermal and pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of SAB on skin fibrosis and explore its underlying anti-fibrotic mechanism. We found that SAB was capable of alleviating skin fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced SSc mouse model, alleviating skin thickness and reducing collagen deposition. in vitro studies indicated that SAB reduced SSc skin fibroblast proliferation and downregulated extracellular matrix gene transcription and collagen protein expression. TGF-β/SMAD and MAPK/ERK pathway activation were also shown to be suppressed in SAB treated fibroblasts. Moreover, RNA-seq revealed that the anti-fibrotic effect of SAB might be related to antioxidant activity, the cell cycle, and the p53 signaling pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that SAB has the ability to alleviate SSc-related skin fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangguang Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of dermatology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Beach TA, Groves AM, Johnston CJ, Williams JP, Finkelstein JN. Recurrent DNA damage is associated with persistent injury in progressive radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:1104-1115. [PMID: 30238842 PMCID: PMC6309234 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1516907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced lung injuries (RILI), namely radiation pneumonitis and/or fibrosis, are dose-limiting outcomes following treatment for thoracic cancers. As part of a search for mitigation targets, we sought to determine if persistent DNA damage is a characteristic of this progressive injury. METHODS C57BL/6J female mice were sacrificed at 24 h, 1, 4, 12, 16, 24 and 32 weeks following a single dose of 12.5 Gy thorax only gamma radiation; their lungs were compared to age-matched unirradiated animals. Tissues were examined for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) (γ-H2A.X and p53bp1), cellular senescence (senescence-associated beta-galactosidase and p21) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde). RESULTS Data revealed consistently higher numbers of DSBs compared to age-matched controls, with increases in γ-H2A.X positivity beyond 24 h post-exposure, particularly during the pathological phases, suggesting periods of recurrent DNA damage. Additional intermittent increases in both cellular senescence and oxidative stress also appeared to coincide with pneumonitis and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These novel, long-term data indicate (a) increased and persistent levels of DSBs, oxidative stress and cellular senescence may serve as bioindicators of RILI, and (b) prevention of genotoxicity, via mitigation of free radical production, continues to be a potential strategy for the prevention of pulmonary radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Beach
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Angela M. Groves
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Carl J. Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jacqueline P. Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jacob N. Finkelstein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
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19
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Lierova A, Jelicova M, Nemcova M, Proksova M, Pejchal J, Zarybnicka L, Sinkorova Z. Cytokines and radiation-induced pulmonary injuries. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:709-753. [PMID: 30169853 PMCID: PMC6251431 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the most common treatment strategies for thorax malignancies. One of the considerable limitations of this therapy is its toxicity to normal tissue. The lung is the major dose-limiting organ for radiotherapy. That is because ionizing radiation produces reactive oxygen species that induce lesions, and not only is tumor tissue damaged, but overwhelming inflammatory lung damage can occur in the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium. This damage may result in radiation-induced pneumonitis and/or fibrosis. While describing the lung response to irradiation generally, the main focus of this review is on cytokines and their roles and functions within the individual stages. We discuss the relationship between radiation and cytokines and their direct and indirect effects on the formation and development of radiation injuries. Although this topic has been intensively studied and discussed for years, we still do not completely understand the roles of cytokines. Experimental data on cytokine involvement are fragmented across a large number of experimental studies; hence, the need for this review of the current knowledge. Cytokines are considered not only as molecular factors involved in the signaling network in pathological processes, but also for their diagnostic potential. A concentrated effort has been made to identify the significant immune system proteins showing positive correlation between serum levels and tissue damages. Elucidating the correlations between the extent and nature of radiation-induced pulmonary injuries and the levels of one or more key cytokines that initiate and control those damages may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in cancer treatment and ultimately the well-being of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lierova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Jelicova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Nemcova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Proksova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zarybnicka
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Sinkorova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. Tel.: +420 973 253 219.
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20
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Shioya S, Masuda T, Senoo T, Horimasu Y, Miyamoto S, Nakashima T, Iwamoto H, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Hattori N. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 serves an important role in radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3070-3076. [PMID: 30214528 PMCID: PMC6125865 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a serious complication. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been indicated to be a key factor in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, the effect of PAI-1 deficiency on radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis was analyzed. Wild-type (WT) and PAI-1-deficient (PAI-1−/−) mice were treated with thoracic irradiation of 15 Gy to induce pulmonary fibrosis. Analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were performed 0, 4, 12, 18, and 24 weeks after irradiation. The degree of pulmonary fibrosis was assessed according to the histology of lung tissues and hydroxyproline contents. The results demonstrated that the irradiation of WT mice increased PAI-1 expression in the lungs after 18 weeks and established lung fibrosis at 24 weeks. The number of total cells and transforming growth factor-β levels in BAL fluid were significantly lower at 24 weeks after irradiation in PAI-1−/− mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, histological examination revealed that the extent of pulmonary fibrosis was attenuated in PAI-1−/− mice compared with that in WT mice. Hydroxyproline content was also significantly lower in PAI-1−/− mice compared with WT mice at 24 weeks after irradiation. In conclusion, PAI-1 serves an important role in the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and may represent a novel therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Shioya
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tadashi Senoo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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21
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Abstract
Normal tissue injury from irradiation is an unfortunate consequence of radiotherapy. Technologic improvements have reduced the risk of normal tissue injury; however, toxicity causing treatment breaks or long-term side effects continues to occur in a subset of patients. The molecular events that lead to normal tissue injury are complex and span a variety of biologic processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, depletion of injured cells, senescence, and elaboration of proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines. This article describes selected recent advances in normal tissue radiobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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22
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Schuliga M, Grainge C, Westall G, Knight D. The fibrogenic actions of the coagulant and plasminogen activation systems in pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:108-117. [PMID: 29474926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis causes irreversible damage to lung structure and function in restrictive lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Extravascular coagulation involving fibrin formation in the intra-alveolar compartment is postulated to have a pivotal role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, serving as a provisional matrix for migrating fibroblasts. Furthermore, proteases of the coagulation and plasminogen activation (plasminergic) systems that form and breakdown fibrin respectively directly contribute to pulmonary fibrosis. The coagulants, thrombin and factor Xa (FXa) evoke fibrogenic effects via cleavage of the N-terminus of protease-activated receptors (PARs). Whilst the formation and activity of plasmin, the principle plasminergic mediator is suppressed in the airspaces of patients with IPF, localized increases are likely to occur in the lung interstitium. Plasmin-evoked proteolytic activation of factor XII (FXII), matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and latent, matrix-bound growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) indirectly implicate plasmin in pulmonary fibrosis. Another plasminergic protease, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is associated with regions of fibrosis in the remodelled lung of IPF patients and elicits fibrogenic activity via binding its receptor (uPAR). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) formed in the injured alveolar epithelium also contributes to pulmonary fibrosis in a manner that involves vitronectin binding. This review describes the mechanisms by which components of the two systems primarily involved in fibrin homeostasis contribute to interstitial fibrosis, with a particular focus on IPF. Selectively targeting the receptor-mediated mechanisms of coagulant and plasminergic proteases may limit pulmonary fibrosis, without the bleeding complications associated with conventional anti-coagulant and thrombolytic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schuliga
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Christopher Grainge
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glen Westall
- Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darryl Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Lavigne J, Soysouvanh F, Buard V, Tarlet G, Guipaud O, Paget V, Milliat F, François A. Conditional Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 Deletion in the Endothelial Compartment Has No Beneficial Effect on Radiation-Induced Whole-Lung Damage in Mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 99:972-982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E Citrin
- From the Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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25
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Jenkins RG, Moore BB, Chambers RC, Eickelberg O, Königshoff M, Kolb M, Laurent GJ, Nanthakumar CB, Olman MA, Pardo A, Selman M, Sheppard D, Sime PJ, Tager AM, Tatler AL, Thannickal VJ, White ES. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: Use of Animal Models for the Preclinical Assessment of Potential Therapies for Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:667-679. [PMID: 28459387 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0096st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous compounds have shown efficacy in limiting development of pulmonary fibrosis using animal models, yet few of these compounds have replicated these beneficial effects in clinical trials. Given the challenges associated with performing clinical trials in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), it is imperative that preclinical data packages be robust in their analyses and interpretations to have the best chance of selecting promising drug candidates to advance to clinical trials. The American Thoracic Society has convened a group of experts in lung fibrosis to discuss and formalize recommendations for preclinical assessment of antifibrotic compounds. The panel considered three major themes (choice of animal, practical considerations of fibrosis modeling, and fibrotic endpoints for evaluation). Recognizing the need for practical considerations, we have taken a pragmatic approach. The consensus view is that use of the murine intratracheal bleomycin model in animals of both genders, using hydroxyproline measurements for collagen accumulation along with histologic assessments, is the best-characterized animal model available for preclinical testing. Testing of antifibrotic compounds in this model is recommended to occur after the acute inflammatory phase has subsided (generally after Day 7). Robust analyses may also include confirmatory studies in human IPF specimens and validation of results in a second system using in vivo or in vitro approaches. The panel also strongly encourages the publication of negative results to inform the lung fibrosis community. These recommendations are for preclinical therapeutic evaluation only and are not intended to dissuade development of emerging technologies to better understand IPF pathogenesis.
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26
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Citrin DE, Prasanna PGS, Walker AJ, Freeman ML, Eke I, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Arankalayil MJ, Cohen EP, Wilkins RC, Ahmed MM, Anscher MS, Movsas B, Buchsbaum JC, Mendonca MS, Wynn TA, Coleman CN. Radiation-Induced Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Mitigate. Report of an NCI Workshop, September 19, 2016. Radiat Res 2017; 188:1-20. [PMID: 28489488 PMCID: PMC5558616 DOI: 10.1667/rr14784.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A workshop entitled "Radiation-Induced Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Mitigate" (held in Rockville, MD, September 19, 2016) was organized by the Radiation Research Program and Radiation Oncology Branch of the Center for Cancer Research (CCR) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), to identify critical research areas and directions that will advance the understanding of radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) and accelerate the development of strategies to mitigate or treat it. Experts in radiation biology, radiation oncology and related fields met to identify and prioritize the key areas for future research and clinical translation. The consensus was that several known and newly identified targets can prevent or mitigate RIF in pre-clinical models. Further, basic and translational research and focused clinical trials are needed to identify optimal agents and strategies for therapeutic use. It was felt that optimally designed preclinical models are needed to better study biomarkers that predict for development of RIF, as well as to understand when effective therapies need to be initiated in relationship to manifestation of injury. Integrating appropriate endpoints and defining efficacy in clinical trials testing treatment of RIF were felt to be critical to demonstrating efficacy. The objective of this meeting report is to (a) highlight the significance of RIF in a global context, (b) summarize recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms of RIF,
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E. Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pataje G. S. Prasanna
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Amanda J. Walker
- Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Eric P. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ruth C. Wilkins
- Radiobiology Division, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Mansoor M. Ahmed
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mitchell S. Anscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Benjamin Movsas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey C. Buchsbaum
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marc S. Mendonca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Thomas A. Wynn
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - C. Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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27
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Vaughan DE, Rai R, Khan SS, Eren M, Ghosh AK. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Is a Marker and a Mediator of Senescence. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1446-1452. [PMID: 28572158 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) is a member of the evolutionarily conserved serine protease inhibitor family and a potent and rapid-acting inhibitor of both of the mammalian plasminogen activators. Organismal homeostasis requires physiological levels of endogenous PAI-1, and increased PAI-1 production guides the onset and progression of numerous human diseases and contributes to the multimorbidity of aging. Both chronological and stress-induced accelerated aging are associated with cellular senescence and accompanied by marked increases in PAI-1 expression in tissues. Recent studies suggest that PAI-1 is not only a marker but also a key mediator of cellular senescence and organismal aging. Here, we review the significance of PAI-1 as a bonafide marker, as well as a critical mediator, of cellular senescence associated with aging and aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Vaughan
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
| | - Rahul Rai
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Sadiya S Khan
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mesut Eren
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Asish K Ghosh
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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28
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Huang X, Wang X, Xie X, Zeng S, Li Z, Xu X, Yang H, Qiu F, Lin J, Diao Y. Kallistatin protects against bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting angiogenesis and inflammation. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:999-1011. [PMID: 28386328 PMCID: PMC5375993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant angiogenesis and vascular remodeling are the main features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Kallistatin is an anti-angiogenic peptide with known effects on endothelial cells. This study aimed to demonstrate that kallistatin has beneficial effects on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model by inhibiting angiogenesis. Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups: (A) Saline only (SA)-as the negative control, (B) BLM only (BLM)-as the model group, (C) BLM and 0.1 mg/kg kallistatin (L-Kal), (D) BLM and 0.5 mg/kg kallistatin (M-Kal), and (E) BLM and 2.5 mg/kg kallistatin (H-Kal). Fibrillar collagen was quantified by Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth-muscle-actin (α-SMA) and microvascular density (MVD) were measured by immunohistochemistry. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assayed by Western immunoblotting or ELISA. Daily administration of kallistatin attenuated fibrosis in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, as shown by histology. During inflammation from BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, kallistatin reduced the number of inflammatory cells infiltrating the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Kallistatin also inhibited VEGF expression and phosphorylation of VEGFR2 (Flk-1). In vitro, kallistatin blocked tube formation by inhibiting Flk-1 and GSK-3β phosphorylation. The results demonstrated that continuous administration of kallistatin attenuated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and improved survival of BLM rats. Reducing pulmonary fibrosis was achieved by partial inhibition of pulmonary inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal UniversityQuanzhou 326000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Xiaolan Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal UniversityQuanzhou 326000, China
| | - Shulan Zeng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004, China
| | - Zhaofa Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Xianxiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Huiyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Junsheng Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
| | - Yong Diao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou 362021, China
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29
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Pan J, Li D, Xu Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen M, Lin S, Huang L, Chung EJ, Citrin DE, Wang Y, Hauer-Jensen M, Zhou D, Meng A. Inhibition of Bcl-2/xl With ABT-263 Selectively Kills Senescent Type II Pneumocytes and Reverses Persistent Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by Ionizing Radiation in Mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 99:353-361. [PMID: 28479002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.02.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an irreversible and severe late effect of thoracic radiation therapy. The goal of this study was to determine whether clearance of senescent cells with ABT-263, a senolytic drug that can selectively kill senescent cells, can reverse PF. METHODS AND MATERIALS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a single dose of 17 Gy on the right side of the thorax. Sixteen weeks after IR, they were treated with 2 cycles of vehicle or ABT-263 (50 mg/kg per day for 5 days per cycle) by gavage. The effects of ABT-263 on IR-induced increases in senescent cells; elevation in the expression of selective inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases; and the severity of the tissue injury and fibrosis in the irradiated lungs were evaluated 3 weeks after the last treatment, in comparison with the changes observed in the irradiated lungs before treatment or after vehicle treatment. RESULTS At 16 weeks after exposure of C57BL/6 mice to a single dose of 17 Gy, thoracic irradiation resulted in persistent PF associated with a significant increase in senescent cells. Treatment of the irradiated mice with ABT-263 after persistent PF had developed reduced senescent cells and reversed the disease. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that PF can be reversed by a senolytic drug such as ABT-263 after it becomes a progressive disease. Therefore, ABT-263 has the potential to be developed as a new treatment for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yingying Wang
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
| | - Aimin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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30
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Liu B, Tang Y, Yi M, Liu Q, Xiong H, Hu G, Yuan X. Genetic variants in the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene are associated with an increased risk of radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients. Cancer Med 2017; 6:681-688. [PMID: 28211612 PMCID: PMC5345627 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) plays a crucial role in the process of lung injury, although its association with radiation pneumonitis (RP) is unclear. We hypothesized that genetic variants in PAI‐1 may influence the risk of RP. In this study, 169 lung cancer patients were genotyped for six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in PAI‐1 using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. The risk of RP was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards analyses. The cumulative RP probabilities by genotype were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analyses. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that PAI‐1:rs7242 GT/GG was correlated with an increased occurrence of grade ≥3 RP (crude hazard ratio = 3.331; 95% confidence interval, 1.168–9.497; P = 0.024). Our results indicated that PAI‐1:rs7242 in the 3′‐untranslated region of PAI‐1 can be a predictor of grade ≥3 RP before radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Minxiao Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qingxu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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