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Rauta PR, Mackeyev Y, Sanders K, Kim JB, Gonzalez VV, Zahra Y, Shohayeb MA, Abousaida B, Vijay GV, Tezcan O, Derry P, Liopo AV, Zubarev ER, Carter R, Singh P, Krishnan S. Pancreatic tumor microenvironmental acidosis and hypoxia transform gold nanorods into cell-penetrant particles for potent radiosensitization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9729. [PMID: 36367938 PMCID: PMC9651859 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coating nanoparticles with stealth epilayers increases circulation time by evading opsonization, macrophage phagocytosis, and reticuloendothelial sequestration. However, this also reduces internalization by cancer cells upon reaching the tumor. We designed gold nanorods (GNRs) with an epilayer that retains stealth properties in circulation but transforms spontaneously in the acidotic tumor microenvironment to a cell-penetrating particle. We used a customized stoichiometric ratio of l-glutamic acid and l-lysine within an amphiphilic polymer of poly(l-glutamic acid-co-l-lysine), or P(Glu-co-Lys), to effect this transformation in acidotic environments. P(Glu-co-Lys)-GNRs were internalized by cancer cells to facilitate potent in vitro radiosensitization. When administered intravenously in mice, they accumulate in the periphery and core of tumors without any signs of serum biochemical or hematological alterations, normal organ histopathological abnormalities, or overt deterioration in animal health. Furthermore, P(Glu-co-Lys)-GNRs penetrated the tumor microenvironment to accumulate in the hypoxic cores of tumors to potently radiosensitize heterotopic and orthotopic pancreatic cancers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keith Sanders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph B.K. Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yasmin Zahra
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Belal Abousaida
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Okan Tezcan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Derry
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anton V. Liopo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Rickey Carter
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Suman S, Kumar S, Kallakury BVS, Moon BH, Angdisen J, Datta K, Fornace AJ. Predominant contribution of the dose received from constituent heavy-ions in the induction of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis after simulated space radiation exposure. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:631-637. [PMID: 36167896 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk among astronauts after encountering galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) is predicted to exceed safe permissible limits in long duration deep-space missions. Current predictions are based on relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values derived from in-vivo studies using single-ion beams, while GCR is essentially a mixed radiation field composed of protons (H), helium (He), and heavy ions. Therefore, a sequentially delivered proton (H) → Helium (He) → Oxygen (O) → Silicon (Si) beam was designed to simulate simplified-mixed-field GCR (Smf-GCR), and Apc1638N/+ mice were total-body irradiated to sham or γ (157Cs) or Smf-GCR followed by assessment of GI-tumorigenesis at 150 days post-exposure. Further, GI-tumor data from equivalent doses of heavy-ions (i.e., 0.05 Gy of O and Si) in 0.5 Gy of Smf-GCR were compared to understand the contributions of heavy-ions in GI-tumorigenesis. The Smf-GCR-induced tumor and carcinoma count were significantly greater than γ-rays, and male preponderance for GI-tumorigenesis was consistent with our earlier findings. Comparison of tumor data from Smf-GCR and equivalent doses of heavy ions revealed an association between higher GI-tumorigenesis where dose received from heavy-ions contributed to > 95% of the total GI-tumorigenic effect observed after Smf-GCR. This study provides the first experimental evidence that cancer risk after GCR exposure could largely depend on doses received from constituent heavy-ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bhaskar V S Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bo-Hyun Moon
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jerry Angdisen
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
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3
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Cao W, Rocha H, Mohan R, Lim G, Goudarzi HM, Ferreira BC, Dias JM. Reflections on beam configuration optimization for intensity-modulated proton therapy. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [PMID: 35561700 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac6fac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Presumably, intensity-modulated proton radiotherapy (IMPT) is the most powerful form of proton radiotherapy. In the current state of the art, IMPT beam configurations (i.e. the number of beams and their directions) are, in general, chosen subjectively based on prior experience and practicality. Beam configuration optimization (BCO) for IMPT could, in theory, significantly enhance IMPT’s therapeutic potential. However, BCO is complex and highly computer resource-intensive. Some algorithms for BCO have been developed for intensity-modulated photon therapy (IMRT). They are rarely used clinically mainly because the large number of beams typically employed in IMRT renders BCO essentially unnecessary. Moreover, in the newer form of IMRT, volumetric modulated arc therapy, there are no individual static beams. BCO is of greater importance for IMPT because it typically employs a very small number of beams (2-4) and, when the number of beams is small, BCO is critical for improving plan quality. However, the unique properties and requirements of protons, particularly in IMPT, make BCO challenging. Protons are more sensitive than photons to anatomic changes, exhibit variable relative biological effectiveness along their paths, and, as recently discovered, may spare the immune system. Such factors must be considered in IMPT BCO, though doing so would make BCO more resource intensive and make it more challenging to extend BCO algorithms developed for IMRT to IMPT. A limited amount of research in IMPT BCO has been conducted; however, considerable additional work is needed for its further development to make it truly effective and computationally practical. This article aims to provide a review of existing BCO algorithms, most of which were developed for IMRT, and addresses important requirements specific to BCO for IMPT optimization that necessitate the modification of existing approaches or the development of new effective and efficient ones.
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Pompos A, Foote RL, Koong AC, Le QT, Mohan R, Paganetti H, Choy H. National Effort to Re-Establish Heavy Ion Cancer Therapy in the United States. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880712. [PMID: 35774126 PMCID: PMC9238353 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we attempt to make a case for the establishment of a limited number of heavy ion cancer research and treatment facilities in the United States. Based on the basic physics and biology research, conducted largely in Japan and Germany, and early phase clinical trials involving a relatively small number of patients, we believe that heavy ions have a considerably greater potential to enhance the therapeutic ratio for many cancer types compared to conventional X-ray and proton radiotherapy. Moreover, with ongoing technological developments and with research in physical, biological, immunological, and clinical aspects, it is quite plausible that cost effectiveness of radiotherapy with heavier ions can be substantially improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Pompos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Robert L. Foote
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert L. Foote,
| | - Albert C. Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Quynh Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Radhe Mohan
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hak Choy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Prasanna PG, Rawojc K, Guha C, Buchsbaum JC, Miszczyk JU, Coleman CN. Normal Tissue Injury Induced by Photon and Proton Therapies: Gaps and Opportunities. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:1325-1340. [PMID: 33640423 PMCID: PMC8496269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite technological advances in radiation therapy (RT) and cancer treatment, patients still experience adverse effects. Proton therapy (PT) has emerged as a valuable RT modality that can improve treatment outcomes. Normal tissue injury is an important determinant of the outcome; therefore, for this review, we analyzed 2 databases: (1) clinical trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov and (2) the literature on PT in PubMed, which shows a steady increase in the number of publications. Most studies in PT registered with ClinicalTrials.gov with results available are nonrandomized early phase studies with a relatively small number of patients enrolled. From the larger database of nonrandomized trials, we listed adverse events in specific organs/sites among patients with cancer who are treated with photons and protons to identify critical issues. The present data demonstrate dosimetric advantages of PT with favorable toxicity profiles and form the basis for comparative randomized prospective trials. A comparative analysis of 3 recently completed randomized trials for normal tissue toxicities suggests that for early stage non-small cell lung cancer, no meaningful comparison could be made between stereotactic body RT and stereotactic body PT due to low accrual (NCT01511081). In addition, for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, a comparison of intensity modulated RTwith passive scattering PT (now largely replaced by spot-scanned intensity modulated PT), PT did not provide any benefit in normal tissue toxicity or locoregional failure over photon therapy. Finally, for locally advanced esophageal cancer, proton beam therapy provided a lower total toxicity burden but did not improve progression-free survival and quality of life (NCT01512589). The purpose of this review is to inform the limitations of current trials looking at protons and photons, considering that advances in technology, physics, and biology are a continuum, and to advocate for future trials geared toward accurate precision RT that need to be viewed as an iterative process in a defined path toward delivering optimal radiation treatment. A foundational understanding of the radiobiologic differences between protons and photons in tumor and normal tissue responses is fundamental to, and necessary for, determining the suitability of a given type of biologically optimized RT to a patient or cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pataje G Prasanna
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Kamila Rawojc
- The University Hospital in Krakow, Department of Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Krakow, Poland
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeffrey C Buchsbaum
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Justyna U Miszczyk
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Luo W, Ali YF, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu C, Jin X, Zhou G, Liu NA. Particle Therapy for Breast Cancer: Benefits and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:662826. [PMID: 34026640 PMCID: PMC8131859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.662826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hadron therapy with protons and carbon ions is widely attracting interest as a potential competitor of conventional photon radiotherapy. Exquisite dose distribution of charged particles allows for a higher local control of the tumor and lower probability of damage to nearby healthy tissues. Heavy ions have presumed biological advantages rising from their high-linear energy transfer (LET) characteristics, including greater cell-killing effectiveness and reduced heterogeneity dependence of radiation response. Although these advantages are clear and supported by data, only 18.0% of proton and carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) facilities in Europe are treating breast cancers. This review summarizes the physical and radiobiological properties of charged particles, clinical use of particle beam for breast cancer, and suggested approaches to overcome technical and financial challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yasser F. Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Biophysics Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoni Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ning-Ang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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7
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Buchsbaum JC, Vikram B. NCI support for pediatric radiation therapy: Past, present, and future. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68 Suppl 2:e28689. [PMID: 32939959 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Buchsbaum
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bhadrasain Vikram
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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8
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Glatstein Md EJ, Coleman Md CN, Pistenmaa Md PhD DA, Hoppe Md RT, Hahn Md S, Metz Md J, McKenna Md PhD WG, Bernhard PhD E. Research-Driven Radiation Oncology: A Narrative on the Ongoing Legacy of Henry S. Kaplan. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 109:10-14. [PMID: 33308693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this rapidly evolving time of precision medicine and scientifically based cancer care, how radiation oncology became a strong research-based scientific discipline in the United States after its separation from diagnostic radiology might be lost. The importance of generational mentorship, "family trees," and interpersonal relationships can be difficult or impossible to trace absent personal narrative recollections of those involved. Henry S. Kaplan is a central figure and the focal point for 3 generations of research-based academic department chairs. This report establishes a first draft of a living record of the radiation oncology history of the Kaplan legacy to serve as an example of how knowledge networks grow and flourish and as an impetus for others to trace the legacy of other radiation oncology academic "trees."
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Hahn Md
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James Metz Md
- Perelman Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Eric Bernhard PhD
- University of Pennsylvania, Emeritus, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Beltran C, Amos RA, Rong Y. We are ready for clinical implementation of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in the United States. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2020; 21:6-9. [PMID: 33319499 PMCID: PMC7769388 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Beltran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Richard A Amos
- Proton and Advanced Radiotherapy Group, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yi Rong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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10
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Guiqi Baizhu Decoction Alleviates Radiation Inflammation in Rats by Modulating the Composition of the Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9017854. [PMID: 33133218 PMCID: PMC7591278 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9017854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is important in metabolism and immune modulation, and compositional disruption of the gut microbiota population is closely associated with inflammation caused by ionizing radiation (IR). Guiqi Baizhu decoction (GQBZD) is a medicinal compound used in traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidation effects, especially in the process of radiotherapy. However, the effect of GQBZD on reducing the damage to the normal immune system in radiotherapy remains unclear. Here, we show that GQBZD reduces body weights, water intake, food intake, diarrhea level and quality of life score, and inflammation and enhances immunity function in rats treated with X-ray radiation. Meanwhile, our data indicate that GQBZD not only reverses IR-induced gut dysbiosis as indicated change of α-diversity and β-diversity of microbiota, the composition of Desulfovibrio, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides, except for Roseburia and Lachnoclostridium, but also maintains intestinal barrier integrity and promoting the formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). GQBZD can also reduce the level of phosphorylation P65 (p-P65). Our results demonstrate that GQBZD can significantly alleviate the inflammatory responses and improve the immune damage against IR, and may be used as prebiotic agents to prevent gut dysbiosis and radiation-related metabolic disorders in radiotherapy.
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11
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Tumor microenvironment, immune response and post-radiotherapy tumor clearance. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:2196-2205. [PMID: 32445035 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for many cancer patients. Residual tumor leads to local recurrence after a period of an equilibrium created between proliferating, quiescent and dying cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment is a main obstacle for the efficacy of radiotherapy, as impaired blood flow leads to hypoxia, acidity and reduced accessibility of radiosensitizers. Eradication of remnant disease is an intractable clinical quest. After more than a century of research, anti-tumor immunity has gained a dominant position in oncology research and therapy. Immune cells play a significant role in the eradication of tumors during and after the completion of radiotherapy. The tumor equilibrium reached in the irradiated tumor may shift towards cancer cell eradication if the immune response is appropriately modulated. In the modern immunotherapy era, clinical trials are urged to standardize immunotherapy schemes that could be safely applied to improve clearance of the post-radiotherapy remnant disease.
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Miszczyk J, Rawojć K. Effects of culturing technique on human peripheral blood lymphocytes response to proton and X-ray radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:424-433. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1704907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Miszczyk
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Rawojć
- The University Hospital in Kraków, Department of Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Kraków, Poland
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13
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Blakely EA, Faddegon B, Tinkle C, Bloch C, Dominello M, Griffin RJ, Joiner MC, Burmeister J. Three discipline collaborative radiation therapy (3DCRT) special debate: The United States needs at least one carbon ion facility. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2019; 20:6-13. [PMID: 31573146 PMCID: PMC6839391 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Faddegon
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California – San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Christopher Tinkle
- Department of Radiation OncologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Charles Bloch
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Michael Dominello
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| | - Michael C Joiner
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Jay Burmeister
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA,Gershenson Radiation Oncology CenterBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMIUSA
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14
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Durante M, Flanz J. Charged particle beams to cure cancer: Strengths and challenges. Semin Oncol 2019; 46:219-225. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Patterns of proton therapy use in pediatric cancer management in 2016: An international survey. Radiother Oncol 2019; 132:155-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Amundson SA. Gene Expression Studies for the Development of Particle Therapy. Int J Part Ther 2018; 5:49-59. [PMID: 30555854 PMCID: PMC6292674 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-18-00010.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy for cancer is now in widespread use, and facilities for carbon ion therapy are showing great promise, but a more complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying particle radiation therapy is still needed in order to optimize treatment. Studies of gene expression, especially those using whole genome techniques, can provide insight into many of the questions still remaining, from the molecular mechanisms involved to predicting patient outcome. This review will summarize gene expression studies of response to proton and carbon ion beams, as well as high-energy protons and high-z high-energy particles with relevance to particle therapy. In general, most such studies find that, in comparison with x-ray or gamma-ray exposure, particle irradiation increases both the number of genes responding and the magnitude of the response. Patterns of gene expression have suggested impacts on specific pathways of relevance to radiation therapy, such as enhancement or suppression of tumor progression or metastasis. However, even within the relatively small number of studies done to date there is no clear consensus of response, suggesting influence by multiple parameters, such as particle type, particle energy, and tumor type. Systematic gene expression studies can help to address these issues, and promoting a culture of data sharing will expedite the process, benefiting investigators across the radiation therapy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Stewart RD. Induction of DNA Damage by Light Ions Relative to 60Co γ-rays. Int J Part Ther 2018; 5:25-39. [PMID: 31773018 PMCID: PMC6871587 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-18-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific types and numbers of clusters of DNA lesions, including both DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and non-DSB clusters, are widely considered 1 of the most important initiating events underlying the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the light ions of interest in the treatment of cancer related to megavoltage x-rays and 60Co γ-rays. This review summarizes the categorization of DNA damage, reviews the underlying mechanisms of action by ionizing radiation, and quantifies the general trends in DSB and non-DSB cluster formation by light ions under normoxic and anoxic conditions, as predicted by Monte Carlo simulations that reflect the accumulated evidence from decades of research on radiation damage to DNA. The significance of the absolute and relative numbers of clusters and the local complexity of DSB and non-DSB clusters are discussed in relation to the formation of chromosome aberrations and the loss of cell reproductive capacity. Clinical implications of the dependence of DSB induction on ionization density is reviewed with an eye towards increasing the therapeutic ratio of proton and carbon ion therapy through the explicit optimization of RBE-weighted dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Stewart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Toward A variable RBE for proton beam therapy. Radiother Oncol 2018; 128:68-75. [PMID: 29910006 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the clinic, proton beam therapy (PBT) is based on the use of a generic relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 compared to photons in human cancers and normal tissues. However, the experimental basis for this RBE lacks any significant number of representative tumor models and clinically relevant endpoints for dose-limiting organs at risk. It is now increasingly appreciated that much of the variations of treatment responses in cancers are due to inter-tumoral genomic heterogeneity. Indeed, recently it has been shown that defects in certain DNA repair pathways, which are found in subsets of many cancers, are associated with a RBE increase in vitro. However, there currently exist little in vivo or clinical data that confirm the existence of similarly increased RBE values in human cancers. Furthermore, evidence for variable RBE values for normal tissue toxicity has been sparse and conflicting to date. If we could predict variable RBE values in patients, we would be able to optimally use and personalize PBT. For example, predictive tumor biomarkers may facilitate selection of patients with proton-sensitive cancers previously ineligible for PBT. Dose de-escalation may be possible to reduce normal tissue toxicity, especially in pediatric patients. Knowledge of increased tumor RBE may allow us to develop biologically optimized therapies to enhance local control while RBE biomarkers for normal tissues could lead to a better understanding and prevention of unusual PBT-associated toxicity. Here, we will review experimental data on the repair of proton damage to DNA that impact both RBE values and biophysical modeling to predict RBE variations. Experimental approaches for studying proton sensitivity in vitro and in vivo will be reviewed as well and recent clinical findings discussed. Ultimately, therapeutically exploiting the understudied biological advantages of protons and developing approaches to limit treatment toxicity should fundamentally impact the clinical use of PBT.
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