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Zhu X, Li Y, Tian X, Jing Y, Wang Z, Yue L, Li J, Wu L, Zhou X, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Guan F, Yang M, Zhang B. REGγ Mitigates Radiation-Induced Enteritis by Preserving Mucin Secretion and Sustaining Microbiome Homeostasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:975-988. [PMID: 38423356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Radiation-induced enteritis, a significant concern in abdominal radiation therapy, is associated closely with gut microbiota dysbiosis. The mucus layer plays a pivotal role in preventing the translocation of commensal and pathogenic microbes. Although significant expression of REGγ in intestinal epithelial cells is well established, its role in modulating the mucus layer and gut microbiota remains unknown. The current study revealed notable changes in gut microorganisms and metabolites in irradiated mice lacking REGγ, as compared to wild-type mice. Concomitant with gut microbiota dysbiosis, REGγ deficiency facilitated the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, thereby exacerbating intestinal inflammation after irradiation. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization assays unveiled an augmented proximity of bacteria to intestinal epithelial cells in REGγ knockout mice after irradiation. Mechanistically, deficiency of REGγ led to diminished goblet cell populations and reduced expression of key goblet cell markers, Muc2 and Tff3, observed in both murine models, minigut organoid systems and human intestinal goblet cells, indicating the intrinsic role of REGγ within goblet cells. Interestingly, although administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics did not alter the goblet cell numbers or mucin 2 (MUC2) secretion, it effectively attenuated inflammation levels in the ileum of irradiated REGγ absent mice, bringing them down to the wild-type levels. Collectively, these findings highlight the contribution of REGγ in counteracting radiation-triggered microbial imbalances and cell-autonomous regulation of mucin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhan Zhu
- Institute of Pediatric Medicine, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chronic Liver Injury, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Jing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Yue
- Institute of Pediatric Medicine, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuchang Central Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Science and Technology, Xuchang, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinkui Zhou
- Institute of Pediatric Medicine, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Institute of Pediatric Medicine, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Medicine, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minglei Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Tu Y, Luo L, Zhou Q, Ni J, Tang Q. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Repairs Radiation Enteritis Through Modulating the Gut Microbiota-Mediated Tryptophan Metabolism. Radiat Res 2024; 201:572-585. [PMID: 38555945 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00189.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Radiation enteritis is a common complication of abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy. Several previous studies showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could alleviate radiation enteritis. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of FMT in alleviating radiation enteritis and explored the mechanisms by multi-omics approaches. Briefly, C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 9 Gy irradiation to the localized abdominal field, and randomized received FMT from healthy donor mice or saline. H&E staining of harvested small intestine showed FMT decreased epithelial injury. Radiation-induced microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by a decrease in beneficial bacteria Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae, while these bacteria were restored by FMT. Fecal metabolomics analysis revealed that FMT modulated metabolic dysregulation. Two tryptophan pathway metabolites, indole-3-acetaldehyde and N-Acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine were decreased after irradiation, whereas these metabolites showed a pronounced recovery in mice receiving FMT. Proteomics analysis of small intestine indicated that radiation enteritis triggered immune-inflammatory responses, which were potentially mitigated by FMT. In 21 patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy for cervical cancer, those who developed enteritis (n = 15) had higher abundance in Lachnospiraceae. Moreover, Indole-3-acetaldehyde was reduced after irradiation. These findings provide insights into the therapeutic effects of FMT in radiation enteritis and highlight Lachnospiraceae and the tryptophan metabolite, Indole-3-acetaldehyde may protect against radiation enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqiang Tu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lumeng Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Juan Ni
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Qiu Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
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Zhao Z, He D, Wang J, Xiao Y, Gong L, Tang C, Peng H, Qiu X, Liu R, Zhang T, Li J. Swertiamarin relieves radiation-induced intestinal injury by limiting DNA damage. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05030-z. [PMID: 38795212 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the conventional treatment for pelvic abdominal tumors. However, it can cause some damage to the small intestine and colorectal, which are very sensitive to radiation. Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) affects the prognosis of radiotherapy, causing sequelae of loss of function and long-term damage to patients' quality of life. Swertiamarin is a glycoside that has been reported to prevent a variety of diseases including but not limited to diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, arthritis, malaria, and abdominal ulcers. However, its therapeutic effect and mechanism of action on RIII have not been established. We investigated whether swertiamarin has a protective effect against RIII. In this article, we use irradiator to create cellular and mouse models of radiation damage. Preventive administration of swertiamarin could reduce ROS and superoxide anion levels to mitigate the cellular damage caused by radiation. Swertiamarin also attenuated RIII in mice, as evidenced by longer survival, less weight loss and more complete intestinal barrier. We also found an increase in the relative abundance of primary bile acids in irradiated mice, which was reduced by both FXR agonists and swertiamarin, and a reduction in downstream interferon and inflammatory factors via the cGAS-STING pathway to reduce radiation-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixin Gong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Tang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibo Peng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China.
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jingyi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
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Xie LW, Cai S, Lu HY, Tang FL, Zhu RQ, Tian Y, Li M. Microbiota-derived I3A protects the intestine against radiation injury by activating AhR/IL-10/Wnt signaling and enhancing the abundance of probiotics. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2347722. [PMID: 38706205 PMCID: PMC11086037 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2347722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestine is prone to radiation damage in patients undergoing radiotherapy for pelvic tumors. However, there are currently no effective drugs available for the prevention or treatment of radiation-induced enteropathy (RIE). In this study, we aimed at investigating the impact of indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A) derived from the intestinal microbiota on RIE. Intestinal organoids were isolated and cultivated for screening radioprotective tryptophan metabolites. A RIE model was established using 13 Gy whole-abdominal irradiation in male C57BL/6J mice. After oral administration of I3A, its radioprotective ability was assessed through the observation of survival rates, clinical scores, and pathological analysis. Intestinal stem cell survival and changes in the intestinal barrier were observed through immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the radioprotective mechanisms of I3A was investigated through 16S rRNA and transcriptome sequencing, respectively. Finally, human colon cancer cells and organoids were cultured to assess the influence of I3A on tumor radiotherapy. I3A exhibited the most potent radioprotective effect on intestinal organoids. Oral administration of I3A treatment significantly increased the survival rate in irradiated mice, improved clinical and histological scores, mitigated mucosal damage, enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, and maintained intestinal barrier integrity. Furthermore, I3A enhanced the abundance of probiotics, and activated the AhR/IL-10/Wnt signaling pathway to promote intestinal epithelial proliferation. As a crucial tryptophan metabolite, I3A promotes intestinal epithelial cell proliferation through the AhR/IL-10/Wnt signaling pathway and upregulates the abundance of probiotics to treat RIE. Microbiota-derived I3A demonstrates potential clinical application value for the treatment of RIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Xie
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shang Cai
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Lu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng-Ling Tang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui-Qiu Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Danckaert W, Spaas M, Sundahl N, De Bruycker A, Fonteyne V, De Paepe E, De Wagter C, Vanhaecke L, Ost P. Microbiome and metabolome dynamics during radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 2023; 189:109950. [PMID: 37827280 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy are susceptible to acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity due to substantial overlap of the intestines with the radiation volume. Due to their intimate relationship with GI toxicity, faecal microbiome and metabolome dynamics during radiotherapy were investigated. MATERIAL & METHODS This prospective study included 50 prostate cancer patients treated with prostate (bed) only radiotherapy (PBRT) (n = 28) or whole pelvis radiotherapy (WPRT) (n = 22) (NCT04638049). Longitudinal sampling was performed prior to radiotherapy, after 10 fractions, near the end of radiotherapy and at follow-up. Patient symptoms were dichotomized into a single toxicity score. Microbiome and metabolome fingerprints were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. RESULTS The individual α-diversity did not significantly change over time. Microbiota composition (β-diversity) changed significantly over treatment (PERMANOVA p-value = 0.03), but there was no significant difference in stability when comparing PBRT versus WPRT. Levels of various metabolites were significantly altered during radiotherapy. Baseline α-diversity was not associated with any toxicity outcome. Based on the metabolic fingerprint, no natural clustering according to toxicity profile could be achieved. CONCLUSIONS Radiation dose and treatment volume demonstrated limited effects on microbiome and metabolome fingerprints. In addition, no distinctive signature for toxicity status could be established. There is an ongoing need for toxicity risk stratification tools for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, but the current evidence implies that the translation of metabolic and microbial biomarkers into routine clinical practice remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke Danckaert
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mathieu Spaas
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nora Sundahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, AZ Groeninge Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Aurélie De Bruycker
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, AZ Groeninge Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Valérie Fonteyne
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Paepe
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET), Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carlos De Wagter
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET), Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, BT7 1NN Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Netwerk, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Ou J, Wang Z, Liu X, Song B, Chen J, Li R, Jia X, Huang R, Xiang W, Zhong S. Regulatory effects of marine polysaccharides on gut microbiota dysbiosis: A review. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100444. [PMID: 36211733 PMCID: PMC9532782 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota dysbiosis is a state which the physiological combinations of flora are transformed into pathological combinations caused by factors such as diets, pollution, and drugs. Increasing evidence shows that dysbiosis is closely related to many diseases. With the continuous development and utilization of marine resources, marine polysaccharides have been found to regulate dysbiosis in many studies. In this review, we introduce the types of dysbiosis and the degree of it caused by different factors. We highlight the regulating effects of marine polysaccharides on dysbiosis as a potential prebiotic. The mechanisms of marine polysaccharides to regulate dysbiosis including protection of intestinal barrier, regulatory effect on gut microbiota, alteration for related metabolites, and some other possible mechanisms were summarized. And we aim to provide some references for the high-value utilization of marine polysaccharides and new targets for the treatment of gut microbiota dysbiosis by this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Ou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Bingbing Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xuejing Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Riming Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenzhou Xiang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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