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Adil M, Siddiqui M, Amin S, Xess K. Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue: A case report and review of literature. JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY & DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Lee J, Chung HS, Roh J, Oh Y, Mok J. Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue in a patient with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A case report. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211042982. [PMID: 34541939 PMCID: PMC10461435 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211042982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The revised World Health Organization guidelines on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis include linezolid in the core drugs group. Consequently, the use of linezolid for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is increasing. Common adverse events of long-term linezolid use include bone marrow suppression and neuropathies. However, there is limited information on a rare adverse event, black hairy tongue. Here, we report a case of linezolid-induced black hairy tongue in a patient with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of black hairy tongue are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Adventist Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sung Chung
- Division of Pulmonology, Center for Lung
Cancer, National Cancer Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Roh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongha Mok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
- Pusan National University School of
Medicine, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
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Ren J, Zheng Y, Du H, Wang S, Liu L, Duan W, Zhang Z, Heng L, Yang Q. Antibiotic-induced black hairy tongue: two case reports and a review of the literature. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520961279. [PMID: 33044871 PMCID: PMC7556181 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520961279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Black hairy tongue (BHT) is characterized by a discolored, hairy tongue. We herein report two cases of BHT associated with antibacterial agents and review previous cases. In Case 1, a 17-year-old girl with a central neurocytoma was administered intravenous piperacillin–tazobactam for postoperative infection, and BHT developed 12 days later. Her symptoms resolved 8 days after she discontinued the piperacillin–tazobactam and brushed her tongue three times daily. In Case 2, a 65-year-old man was administered intravenous piperacillin–tazobactam and levofloxacin to treat multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and BHT developed 15 days later. The piperacillin–tazobactam was discontinued and the patient brushed his tongue, and the discoloration gradually subsided thereafter. However, the BHT reappeared after linezolid treatment. The patient had adverse drug reactions to both the piperacillin–tazobactam and linezolid treatments. The BHT might have been related to antibiotic use in both cases. We identified 19 cases of antibiotic-related BHT in a literature search, but none were related to piperacillin–tazobactam use. In all cases, symptoms resolved after discontinuation of the drug and brushing of the tongue. BHT may be a rare adverse effect of antibiotics. Treatment strategies include removal of the causative agents, mechanical debridement, and good oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Du
- Xi'an Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Linna Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanshi Duan
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zeping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baoji Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Heng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Luo S, Luo Q, Gao X, Li J. Adverse reaction report and retrospective analysis of black hairy tongue caused by linezolid. Respir Med Case Rep 2020; 31:101159. [PMID: 32944496 PMCID: PMC7481254 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse reaction of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) caused by linezolid is rare. We reports a case of linezolid-induced BHT, and reviews relevant literatures at home and abroad. It aims to provide a safe and reasonable basis for clinical medication use. A 14-year-old adolescent with pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) developed a rash and pruritus due to Vancomycin. Instead, the patient was given linezolid 600mg q12h in injection during hospitalization and in tablet after discharge. On the 14th day after injection and the second day after oral administration the patient showed BHT without other abnormal taste symptoms. But all the symptoms could be tolerated and he completed the therapy course of linezolid. Tongue symptoms completely disappeared on the 8th day after drug withdrawal. Based on the Karch and Lasagna evaluation methods and the cause-and-effect evaluation methods of the WHO collaborating center for international adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring, it is likely that this patient had a BHT caused by linezolid. The mean time of occurrence of BHT was 14.36 days, and the mean time of symptom disappearance was 23.43 days after drug administration. When linezolid is prescribed to patients, especially those with atopy, the patient's tongue should be closely observed and good oral hygiene is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
- Corresponding author. 621 Gangwan Rd, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinglin Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
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Zhao S, Fan L, Feng J, Ma P. Reversible black tongue: A little known side effect of imipenem/cilastatin and evidence for novel mode of action. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 45:370-372. [PMID: 31621928 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Black tongue syndrome (BT) is a rare and self-limiting disorder which can result from physiological and metabolic condition and ingestion of toxic substances. Medications are the most common cause of BT. CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old male patient presented with BT after the initiation of imipenem/cilastatin. Within one week of cessation of these drugs, the patient's tongue returned to a normal colour. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This is the first case of BT induced by imipenem/cilastatin. Withdrawal of the combination is likely to reverse the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peizhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Teoh L, Moses G, McCullough MJ. A review and guide to drug‐associated oral adverse effects—Dental, salivary and neurosensory reactions. Part 1. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:626-636. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Teoh
- Melbourne Dental School The University of Melbourne Carlton Victoria Australia
| | - Geraldine Moses
- School of Pharmacy University of Queensland Woolloongabba Queensland Australia
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Braggio C, Bocchialini G, Ventura L, Carbognani P, Rusca M, Ampollini L. Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2018; 89:408-410. [PMID: 30333468 PMCID: PMC6502130 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i3.7060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a self-limiting disorder characterized by abnormal hypertrophy and elongation of filiform papillae on the surface of the tongue. The exact mechanism of drug-induced BHT is unknown. Several factors have been implicated and included smoking or chewing tobacco, drinking alcohol, poor oral hygiene and antibiotics such as tetracyclines and penicillins. We report a quite uncommon case of Linezolid-induced BHT in a patient with a long-lasting history of chest wall infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Braggio
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma.
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