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Krymchenko R, Coşar Kutluoğlu G, van Hout N, Manikowski D, Doberenz C, van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen WF. Elastogenesis in Focus: Navigating Elastic Fibers Synthesis for Advanced Dermal Biomaterial Formulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400484. [PMID: 38989717 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Elastin, a fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, is the main component of elastic fibers that are involved in tissues' elasticity and resilience, enabling them to undergo reversible extensibility and to endure repetitive mechanical stress. After wounding, it is challenging to regenerate elastic fibers and biomaterials developed thus far have struggled to induce its biosynthesis. This review provides a comprehensive summary of elastic fibers synthesis at the cellular level and its implications for biomaterial formulation, with a particular focus on dermal substitutes. The review delves into the intricate process of elastogenesis by cells and investigates potential triggers for elastogenesis encompassing elastin-related compounds, ECM components, and other molecules for their potential role in inducing elastin formation. Understanding of the elastogenic processes is essential for developing biomaterials that trigger not only the synthesis of the elastin protein, but also the formation of a functional and branched elastic fiber network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Krymchenko
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Gizem Coşar Kutluoğlu
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- MedSkin Solutions Dr. Suwelack AG, 48727, Billerbeck, Germany
| | - Noor van Hout
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke F Daamen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
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2
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Merzel Šabović EK, Kocjan T, Zalaudek I. Treatment of menopausal skin - A narrative review of existing treatments, controversies, and future perspectives. Post Reprod Health 2024; 30:85-94. [PMID: 38379168 DOI: 10.1177/20533691241233440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Menopause is a state of estrogen deficiency that affects numerous estrogen-dependent tissues in the female body. Skin is one of the most affected organs. Many consider menopausal skin changes to be merely an aesthetic problem; however, they can significantly affect women's quality of life. Currently, there are no approved effective treatments to prevent or alleviate skin changes associated with estrogen deficiency. Standard systemic hormone replacement therapy used to treat menopausal symptoms may be effective to some degree for skin treatment. In addition, compounded bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and phytoestrogens could also be used for skin treatment, although this is only hypothetical due to lack of data. Many questions therefore remain unanswered. On the other hand, topical, low-dose estrogen that would act only on the skin without systemic effects could be a possible option, as could be skin-only acting topical phytoestrogens. Such topical products without systemic effects could play a role in the treatment of menopausal skin. However, they are not currently approved because there is insufficient data on their safety and efficacy. A healthy lifestyle could have a positive effect on the menopausal skin. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of menopausal skin, an outlook on the future treatment of menopausal skin with estrogens and other approaches, and the associated controversies and speculations. Overall, the importance of menopausal skin changes should not be neglected, and high-quality research is needed to gain new insights into the treatment of menopausal skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva K Merzel Šabović
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Kocjan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Department of Dermatology, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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3
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Lau M, Mineroff Gollogly J, Wang JY, Jagdeo J. Cosmeceuticals for antiaging: a systematic review of safety and efficacy. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:173. [PMID: 38758222 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals, the bridge between pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, contain biologically active ingredients that may improve the skin's overall appearance. As the market, accessibility, and popularity of cosmeceuticals increase, it is essential to understand the safety and efficacy of such products. This systematic review aims to examine published clinical studies involving the use of cosmeceuticals for antiaging to provide evidence-based recommendations based on available efficacy and safety data. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were systematically searched on January 1, 2023 using PRISMA guidelines. Strength of evidence was graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines. Clinical recommendations were made based on the quality of the existing literature. A total of 153 articles regarding the use of cosmeceuticals for treatment of antiaging were identified. After screening of titles, abstracts, and full text, 32 studies involving 1236 patients met inclusion criteria, including 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 12 non-randomized open-label clinical trials for Vitamin C, Retinol, Bakuchiol, Tetrahydrojasmonic acid, Growth Factors, Methyl Estradiolpropanoate, Timosaponin A-III (TA-III), Protocatechuic acid, Grammatophyllum speciosum, and Jasmine rice panicle extract. Retinol and vitamin C for antiaging received a Grade A for recommendation. Methyl estradiolpropanoate, bakuchiol, tetrahydrojasmonic acid, and growth factors received a recommendation grade of C. The remaining ingredients were assigned an inconclusive grade of recommendation due to lack of evidence. Cosmeceuticals included in the review had favorable safety profiles with few significant adverse events. The review analyzes numerous different ingredients to provide an evidence-based approach to decision-making for consumers and physicians on the use of cosmeceuticals for antiaging. Limitations to our review include a limited number of randomized controlled trials and a need for long-term data on each cosmeceutical's efficacy and safety. Future research is needed to establish the long-term effectiveness and safety of cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Lau
- New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Mineroff Gollogly
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System - Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System - Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, 8th Floor, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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El-Komy MHM, Youssef DKA, Shamma RN, Bedair NI. Improvement of adult female acne with a novel weekly oestradiol-loaded peel-off mask: a split-face placebo-controlled study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:478-483. [PMID: 38078373 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult female acne (AFA) is characterized by a relapsing eruption of acne in women aged ≥ 25 years. It can be slower to respond to traditional adolescent acne treatments. Usually, androgens promote acne by stimulating sebum production, while oestrogens have the -opposite effect by reducing sebum output when present in adequate quantities. Oestradiol is a female sex hormone that has its highest absolute serum levels and highest oestrogenic activity during the reproductive years. Peel-off facial masks have been suggested to intensify the effect of added active ingredients by forming an occlusive film after drying. OBJECTIVES To study the safety and efficacy of weekly topical oestradiol 0.05% in the treatment of AFA. METHODS Twenty women with AFA were subjected to once-weekly application of an oestradiol 0.05% mask or placebo mask to either side of their face for 8 weeks. An acne lesion count was performed at baseline, at each visit and 8 weeks post-treatment. RESULTS At the end of the treatment period, the treated side showed significant improvement in comedones, papules and pustules. Although lesion counts increased 2 months post-treatment, they remained significantly less common on the oestradiol-treated side compared with the side of the face treated with placebo. No side-effects were reported. Limitations included the small number of patients studied and the short follow-up period. The oestradiol effect was not studied at the cellular or molecular levels. CONCLUSIONS Topical oestradiol peel-off masks may be a promising convenient, safe and effective treatment for AFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H M El-Komy
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Khaled Ahmed Youssef
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Rehab Nabil Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Ibrahim Bedair
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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Yoo DY, Xie CL, Jeong JY, Park KH, Kang SS, Lee DH. Isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (Glycine max) restore loss of dermal collagen fibers induced by ovariectomy in the Sprague Dawley rats. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:4. [PMID: 38355576 PMCID: PMC10865608 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, are known for their capacity to simulate various physiological impacts of estrogen in the human body. Our research evaluated the effects of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESL) on collagen fiber loss prompted by ovariectomy in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, thereby simulating menopausal changes in women. IESL, bolstered with an increased concentration of isoflavones through a metabolite farming process, contained a significantly higher amount of isoflavones than regular soybean leaves. Our results indicate that the administration of IESL can counteract the decrease in relative optical density and dermal thickness of collagen fibers caused by ovariectomy in SD rats, with more pronounced effects observed at higher isoflavone dosages. These outcomes suggest that soybean leaves rich in isoflavones may hold potential benefits in combating collagen degradation and skin aging symptoms related to menopause. Further research is needed to fully understand the exact molecular pathways at play and the potential clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng-Liang Xie
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Joo Yeon Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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Tao TP, Brandmair K, Gerlach S, Przibilla J, Schepky A, Marx U, Hewitt NJ, Maschmeyer I, Kühnl J. Application of a skin and liver Chip2 microphysiological model to investigate the route-dependent toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of consumer-relevant doses of genistein. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:287-300. [PMID: 37700462 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The HUMMIC skin-liver Chip2 microphysiological system using EpiDerm™ and HepaRG and stellate liver spheroids was used to evaluate the route-specific metabolism and toxicodynamic effects of genistein. Human-relevant exposure levels were compared: 60 nM representing the plasma concentration expected after topical application of a cosmetic product and 1 μM representing measured plasma concentrations after ingesting soya products. Genistein was applied as single and repeated topical and/or systemic doses. The kinetics of genistein and its metabolites were measured over 5 days. Toxicodynamic effects were measured using transcriptional analyses of skin and liver organoids harvested on Days 2 and 5. Route-specific differences in genistein's bioavailability were observed, with first-pass metabolism (sulfation) occurring in the skin after topical application. Only repeated application of 1 μM, resembling daily oral intake of soya products, induced statistically significant changes in gene expression in liver organoids only. This was concomitant with a much higher systemic concentration of genistein which was not reached in any other dosing scenario. This suggests that single or low doses of genistein are rapidly metabolised which limits its toxicodynamic effects on the liver and skin. Therefore, by facilitating longer and/or repeated applications, the Chip2 can support safety assessments by linking relevant gene modulation with systemically available parent or metabolite(s). The rate of metabolism was in accordance with the short half-life observed in in vivo in humans, thus supporting the relevance of the findings. In conclusion, the skin-liver Chip2 provides route-specific information on metabolic fate and toxicodynamics that may be relevant to safety assessment.
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7
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Baker Frost D, Savchenko A, Feghali-Bostwick C, Wolf B. The Relationship between Time, Race, and Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Estradiol-Induced Dermal Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:182. [PMID: 38255287 PMCID: PMC10813671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the skin, estradiol (E2) promotes profibrotic and proinflammatory cytokines, contributing to extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. However, the magnitude of the response differs. Using the human skin organ culture model, we evaluated donor characteristics and correlations that contribute to E2-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor beta 1 and 2 (TGFB1 and TGFB2), collagen IA2 (Col IA2), collagen IIIA1 (Col IIIA1), and fibronectin (FN) expressions. In vehicle- and E2-treated dermal skin tissue transcripts, we confirm differences in the magnitude; however, there were positive correlations between profibrotic mediators and ECM components 48 h after E2 treatment. Also, positive correlations exist between baseline and E2-induced TGFB1, IL-6, Col IIIA1, and FN transcripts. Since estrogen receptor alpha (ERA) can propagate E2's signal, we measured and detected differences in its baseline and fold change transcript levels, with a significant decline in baseline levels 48 h after incubation and an increase 48 h after E2 treatment. There was a trend to higher transcript levels in African American donors 24 h earlier. Finally, E2-induced ERA transcript levels negatively correlated with its own baseline levels and positively correlated with FN, TGFB1, and Col IA2 transcript levels. Therefore, our data suggest ERA, E2 exposure time, and race/ethnicity contribute to E2-induced dermal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeAnna Baker Frost
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.B.F.); (C.F.-B.)
| | - Alisa Savchenko
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.B.F.); (C.F.-B.)
| | - Bethany Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Room 305F, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Zomer HD, Cooke PS. Targeting estrogen signaling and biosynthesis for aged skin repair. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1281071. [PMID: 38028803 PMCID: PMC10645088 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1281071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-healing skin wounds are disproportionally prevalent in older adults. Current treatments do not account for the particularities of aged skin and result in inadequate outcomes. Overall, healing chronic wounds in the elderly remains a major unmet clinical need. Estrogens play a critical role in reproduction but also have important actions in non-reproductive organs. Estrogen biosynthesis and signaling pathways are locally activated during physiological wound healing, processes that are inhibited in elderly estrogen-deprived skin. Estrogen deprivation has been shown to be a critical mediator of impaired wound healing in both postmenopausal women and aged men, and topical estrogen application reverses age-associated delayed wound healing in both elderly men and women. These data indicate that adequate estrogen biosynthesis and properly regulated estrogen signaling pathways are essential for normal wound healing and can be targeted to optimize tissue repair in the elderly. However, due to fundamental questions regarding how to safely restore estrogen signaling locally in skin wounds, there are currently no therapeutic strategies addressing estrogen deficiency in elderly chronic wounds. This review discusses established and recent literature in this area and proposes the hypothesis that estrogen plays a pleiotropic role in skin aging and that targeting estrogen signaling and biosynthesis could promote skin repair in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D. Zomer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Leite B, Bezerra P, Stocco B, Abichabki N, Andrade L, Fonseca M, Torqueti M. Biotransformed soybean cream as a new nutraceutical for skin care: collagen stimulation in vitro and ex vivo. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12781. [PMID: 37878883 PMCID: PMC10591485 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments that attenuate the effects of hypoestrogenism in menopausal women have been gaining visibility. This study investigated the skin response to a phytoestrogen-enriched cosmetic formulation created by incorporating a biotransformed soybean extract (BE) into a cream-like matrix. Collagen-I expression was analyzed both in vitro (fibroblast cells) and ex vivo (skin explants). The results revealed an increased amount of collagen-I both in fibroblasts and human skin when treated with BE and BE-incorporated cream. Also, this collagen-I overexpression was inhibited by PHTPP, indicating a dependence on estrogen hormone receptor beta (ERβ) signaling. Moreover, BE was not harmful to skin microbiota, showing a promising nutricosmetic potential. Thus, this work presented a fully functional cream-like formulation that was shown to be safe and effectively increase collagen-I levels both in vitro and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.A. Leite
- Laboratório de Citologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicologia e Ciência Alimentar, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - P.H.A. Bezerra
- Laboratório de Citologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicologia e Ciência Alimentar, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - B. Stocco
- Laboratório de Citologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicologia e Ciência Alimentar, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - N. Abichabki
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência e Virulência Bacteriana, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - L.N. Andrade
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência e Virulência Bacteriana, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M.J.V. Fonseca
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M.R. Torqueti
- Laboratório de Citologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicologia e Ciência Alimentar, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Efficacy and Safety of the Genistein Nutraceutical Product Containing Vitamin E, Vitamin B3, and Ceramide on Skin Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041326. [PMID: 36835861 PMCID: PMC9963595 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is one of the most concerning issues that occur after menopause. The Genistein Nutraceutical (GEN) product, containing genistein, vitamin E, vitamin B3, and ceramide, has been formulated as a topical anti-aging product for improving the health of postmenopausal women's facial skin. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of the GEN product on postmenopausal women's facial skin. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomly assigned 50 postmenopausal women to receive either the GEN product (n = 25) or the placebo (PLA) product (n = 25), topically applied twice daily for 6 weeks. The outcome assessments included multiple skin parameters related to skin wrinkling, color, hydration, and facial skin quality at baseline and week 6. The percentage mean changes or absolute mean changes, where appropriate, in skin parameters were compared between the two groups. The mean age of the participants was 55.8 ± 3.4 years. For skin wrinkling and skin color parameters, only skin redness was significantly higher in the GEN group when compared to the PLA group. Following the application of the GEN product, skin hydration increased while fine pores and their area decreased. Subgroup analysis of older women (age ≥ 56 years) with adequate compliance found significant differences between the two groups in the percentage mean changes of most skin wrinkle parameters. The GEN product has benefits for the facial skin of postmenopausal women, particularly those who are older. It can moisturize facial skin, lessen wrinkles, and enhance redness.
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11
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The vulnerability of the human taenia coli to alterations in total collagen within the colon of the elderly. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Lephart ED, Naftolin F. Factors Influencing Skin Aging and the Important Role of Estrogens and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs). Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:1695-1709. [PMID: 36017417 PMCID: PMC9397534 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s333663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The narrative for this overview focuses on updating the factors that influence skin aging and the important role estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) play in this process (mainly utilizing journal reports and reviews from the last four years). Estrogens have been known and studied for over a century. For many years, it has been recognized that estrogens are important in the maintenance of human skin. Women seek cosmetic and medical treatments to improve dermal health and physical characteristics to enhance their self-perception and inhibit skin aging, particularly in highly visible body areas. The goal: to retain estrogen’s positive benefits while aging and especially at/after menopause where estrogen-deficient skin contributes to the dramatic decline in skin health. In this overview, both background information and recent novel findings are included that cover aging (general mechanisms), skin aging, and factors that influence skin aging (intrinsic, extrinsic, skin microbiome and gut microbiome.) Plus, estrogen’s general role in maintaining skin health is presented through the classical estrogen receptors alpha (α) and beta (β) and non-classical (or non-genomic) estrogen receptor (G protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor). More importantly, the various benefits of 17β-estradiol in skin health are examined (ie, skin collagen and elastin profiles that follow 17β-estradiol levels during aging and at/after menopause). Finally, a revision of information for estrogenic skin topical applications involving isoflavonoid compounds that act as SERMs, but are classified as endocrine disruptors, and a topical estrogen analog are explored to update the known and unknown characteristics of these treatments. Further study is warranted to understand the biological and molecular mechanisms by which estrogens support and enhance dermal health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Frederick Naftolin
- Department of Research and Development, e-Bio Corporation, Woodbridge, CT, USA
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13
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Booyens RM, Engelbrecht AM, Strauss L, Pretorius E. To clot, or not to clot: The dilemma of hormone treatment options for menopause. Thromb Res 2022; 218:99-111. [PMID: 36030662 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Untreated menopause may have serious health implications, but treatments can have dangerous side effects. We evaluate menopausal symptoms as well as available treatments -the routes of administration and their effect on blood coagulation. Menopausal females may experience hot flushes, vulva- and vaginal atrophy and osteoporosis. Many treatments are available to relieve these symptoms such as Conjugated Equine Estrogen and bioidentical hormones. The routes of administration include oral and transdermal. Hormones that are administered orally undergo a hepatic first pass metabolism. The by-products have a lower efficacy and possibly enhanced side effects. Furthermore, hormone treatments influence the coagulation cascade through coagulation factors or their regulators. Increased coagulation poses a risk for venous thromboembolism. Currently a definite conclusion on whether the side effects from hormone treatments exceed the risk of untreated menopause cannot be made. However, a more individualised approach to hormone treatments may be the most feasible solution to this dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Booyens
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ledivia Strauss
- Functional Medicine Practice, A1 Polo Village Offices, Kliprug Minor Rd, Val De Vie Winelands Lifestyle Estate, 7646, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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14
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Bąk-Sosnowska M, Naworska B, Gruszczyńska M. Determinants of body image in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2083522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bąk-Sosnowska
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - B. Naworska
- Departament of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice,medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Gruszczyńska
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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15
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Snäkä T, Bekkar A, Desponds C, Prével F, Claudinot S, Isorce N, Teixeira F, Grasset C, Xenarios I, Lopez-Mejia IC, Fajas L, Fasel N. Sex-Biased Control of Inflammation and Metabolism by a Mitochondrial Nod-Like Receptor. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882867. [PMID: 35651602 PMCID: PMC9150262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate steroid hormone synthesis, and in turn sex hormones regulate mitochondrial function for maintaining cellular homeostasis and controlling inflammation. This crosstalk can explain sex differences observed in several pathologies such as in metabolic or inflammatory disorders. Nod-like receptor X1 (NLRX1) is a mitochondria-associated innate receptor that could modulate metabolic functions and attenuates inflammatory responses. Here, we showed that in an infectious model with the human protozoan parasite, Leishmania guyanensis, NLRX1 attenuated inflammation in females but not in male mice. Analysis of infected female and male bone marrow derived macrophages showed both sex- and genotype-specific differences in both inflammatory and metabolic profiles with increased type I interferon production, mitochondrial respiration, and glycolytic rate in Nlrx1-deficient female BMDMs in comparison to wild-type cells, while no differences were observed between males. Transcriptomics of female and male BMDMs revealed an altered steroid hormone signaling in Nlrx1-deficient cells, and a “masculinization” of Nlrx1-deficient female BMDMs. Thus, our findings suggest that NLRX1 prevents uncontrolled inflammation and metabolism in females and therefore may contribute to the sex differences observed in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Snäkä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Amel Bekkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Desponds
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Florence Prével
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Nathalie Isorce
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Filipa Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Coline Grasset
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Agora Center, Center Hospitalier Universitaire (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fasel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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16
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Zouboulis CC, Blume-Peytavi U, Kosmadaki M, Roó E, Vexiau-Robert D, Kerob D, Goldstein SR. Skin, hair and beyond: the impact of menopause. Climacteric 2022; 25:434-442. [PMID: 35377827 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2050206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The skin is an endocrine organ and a major target of hormones such as estrogens, androgens and cortisol. Besides vasomotor symptoms (VMS), skin and hair symptoms often receive less attention than other menopausal symptoms despite having a significant negative effect on quality of life. Skin and mucosal menopausal symptoms include dryness and pruritus, thinning and atrophy, wrinkles and sagging, poor wound healing and reduced vascularity, whereas skin premalignant and malignant lesions and skin aging signs are almost exclusively caused by environmental factors, especially solar radiation. Hair menopausal symptoms include reduced hair growth and density on the scalp (diffuse effluvium due to follicular rarefication and/or androgenetic alopecia of female pattern), altered hair quality and structure, and increased unwanted hair growth on facial areas. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is not indicated for skin and hair symptoms alone due to the risk-benefit balance, but wider potential benefits of HRT (beyond estrogen's effect on VMS, bone, breast, heart and blood vessels) to include skin, hair and mucosal benefits should be discussed with women so that they will be able to make the best possible informed decisions on how to prevent or manage their menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - U Blume-Peytavi
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | | | - E Roó
- Clider Clínica Dermatológica Roó, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - D Kerob
- Laboratoires Vichy, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - S R Goldstein
- School of Medicine, New York University Grossman, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Maia RR, Sarmento AC, Silva RMVD, Carreiro EDM, Farias SLQ, Soares CD, Meyer PF, Gonçalves AK. Comparative effects of fractional radiofrequency and microneedling on the genitalia of postmenopausal women: Histological and clinical changes. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100117. [PMID: 36183506 PMCID: PMC9529663 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors aimed to evaluate clinical and histological changes induced by Fractional Radiofrequency (FRF) and microneedling in vulvar tissue. METHODS Thirty postmenopausal women were randomly divided into G1 (FRF) and G2 (microneedling) groups. Sub-ablative FRF was executed using disposable fractionated electrodes with an intensity of 8 mJ. Microneedling was performed using a derma roller system. The authors evaluated before and after treatment using the Vaginal Laxity Questionnaire (VLQ), EuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D) questionnaire, and the Blatt and Kupperman Menopausal Index (BKMI). Additionally, the authors performed biopsies of the labia majora for histological analysis pre- and post-treatment. Data were expressed as mean (± standard deviation). A paired t-test was used for intra-group comparison (pre- and post-treatment), with an independent t-test used to compare intergroup data (both pre- and post-treatment). RESULTS In the G1 group, the VLQ values showed differences compared to the pre-treatment values with the data obtained 60 days after the beginning of the sessions (p = 0.01). Similarly, the data changes of the G2 group proved to be significant (p = 0.001) across the same time interval. In comparing the groups, VLQ values were not different (p > 0.05). Regarding histological analysis, FRF demonstrated improvement concerning the number of fibroblasts, blood vessels, and fatty degeneration (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Additionally, FRF and microneedling samples showed higher type III collagen and vimentin expression in the immunohistochemical analysis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The therapies were found to be effective in treating the flaccidity of the female external genitalia. Additionally, histological changes were observed after interventions suggesting collagen remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Rêgo Maia
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ayane Cristine Sarmento
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Marcel Valentim da Silva
- Physiotherapy Department, Centro Universitário do Rio Grande do Norte (UNI-RN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ciro Dantas Soares
- Tomatopathology Department, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Froes Meyer
- Physiotherapy Department, Centro Universitário do Rio Grande do Norte (UNI-RN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Katherine Gonçalves
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
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18
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Rungseevijitprapa W, Yingngam B, Chaiyasut C. Improvement of Biophysical Skin Parameters of Topically Applied Fermented Soybean Extract-Loaded Niosomes with No Systemic Toxicity in Ovariectomized Rats. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071068. [PMID: 34371759 PMCID: PMC8309116 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the known beneficial impacts of estrogen used as hormone replacement therapy to ameliorate signs of skin aging in postmenopausal women, its compliance rates are low. A significant amount of estrogen may be absorbed into the blood circulation and can lead to systemic actions. Soy isoflavone exhibits biological activities similar to synthetic estrogen because it is a heterocyclic phenolic compound. The disadvantage of most topical ingredients based on isoflavone is that they contain biologically inactive glycoside forms, which must be converted to a readily absorbed aglycone for the topical application. The purposes of this study were to develop niosomes-loaded Aspergillus oryzae-fermented soybean extract (FSE) to enhance skin absorption with proven systemic side effect compared to estrogen application. Skin hydration and viscoelasticity of 75 days post-ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats following 84-day topical treatment with various tested gel formulations containing fermented soybean extract (FSE) were evaluated. The tested formulations were gel + FSE nanoniosomes, gel + FSE microniosomes, gel + FSE (200 µg FSE/9 cm2/rat), gel + blank nanoniosomes (a negative control), and gel + 17β-estradiol (E2) nanoniosomes (a positive control, 20 µg E2/9 cm2/rat). Changes in vaginal cornifications and weights of uteri, livers, and kidneys in the OVX rats and signs of primary skin irritation in the rabbits were evaluated for their toxicities. Results showed that FSE-loaded nanoniosomes improved the skin hydration and viscoelasticity better than gel + FSE microniosomes and gel + FSE, respectively, but lower than those of gel + E2 nanoniosomes (p < 0.05). Unlike all gel + E2 nanoniosomes, the FSE formulations showed no changes in vaginal cells and weights of uteri, livers, and kidneys and no signs of skin irritation. In conclusion, The FSE niosome-based gels should be promising candidates for delivering phytoestrogens against signs of skin aging with no systemic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandee Rungseevijitprapa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (W.R.); (C.C.); Tel.: +66-45-353630 (W.R.); Fax: +66-45-353-626 (W.R.)
| | - Bancha Yingngam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand;
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (W.R.); (C.C.); Tel.: +66-45-353630 (W.R.); Fax: +66-45-353-626 (W.R.)
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19
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Moset Zupan A, Nietupski C, Schutte SC. Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Eliminates Sex Differences in Estradiol-Induced Elastin Production from Engineered Dermal Substitutes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126358. [PMID: 34198681 PMCID: PMC8232104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of adult cells' ability to produce sufficient amounts of elastin and assemble functional elastic fibers is an issue for creating skin substitutes that closely match native skin properties. The effects of female sex hormones, primarily estrogen, have been studied due to the known effects on elastin post-menopause, thus have primarily included older mostly female populations. In this study, we examined the effects of female sex hormones on the synthesis of elastin by female and male human dermal fibroblasts in engineered dermal substitutes. Differences between the sexes were observed with 17β-estradiol treatment alone stimulating elastin synthesis in female substitutes but not male. TGF-β levels were significantly higher in male dermal substitutes than female dermal substitutes and the levels did not change with 17β-estradiol treatment. The male dermal substitutes had a 1.5-fold increase in cAMP concentration in the presence of 17β-estradiol compared to no hormone controls, while cAMP concentrations remained constant in the female substitutes. When cAMP was added in addition to 17β-estradiol and progesterone in the culture medium, the sex differences were eliminated, and elastin synthesis was upregulated by 2-fold in both male and female dermal substitutes. These conditions alone did not result in functionally significant amounts of elastin or complete elastic fibers. The findings presented provide insights into differences between male and female cells in response to female sex steroid hormones and the involvement of the cAMP pathway in elastin synthesis. Further explorations into the signaling pathways may identify better targets to promote elastic fiber synthesis in skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Moset Zupan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.M.Z.); (C.N.)
| | - Carolyn Nietupski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.M.Z.); (C.N.)
| | - Stacey C. Schutte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.M.Z.); (C.N.)
- Department of Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Wilkinson HN, Hardman MJ. A role for estrogen in skin ageing and dermal biomechanics. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111513. [PMID: 34044023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the body's primary defence against the external environment, preventing infection and desiccation. Therefore, alterations to skin homeostasis, for example with skin ageing, increase susceptibility to skin disease and injury. Skin biological ageing is uniquely influenced by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic (primarily photoageing) factors, with differential effects on skin structure and function. Interestingly, skin architecture rapidly changes following the menopause, as a direct result of reduced circulating 17β-estradiol. The traditional clinical benefit of estrogens are supported by recent experimental data, where 17β-estradiol supplementation prevents age-related decline in the skin's structural and mechanical properties. However, the off-target effects of 17β-estradiol continue to challenge therapeutic application. Here we discuss how ageing alters the physiological and structural properties of the dermal extracellular matrix, and explore how estrogen receptor-targeted therapies may restore the mechanical defects associated with skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly N Wilkinson
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Hardman
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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21
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Şorop VB, Borugă VM, Pînzaru IA, Barac IR, Utescu C, Maghiari AL, Baderca F, Bălan L, Şorop-Florea M, Dumitraşcu V, Anastasiu DM, Simu S, Radu D, Suciu O. Hormone treatment and UVB exposure influences on female mice regarding skin physiological parameters, biochemical parameters and organ histology. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:879-887. [PMID: 33817729 PMCID: PMC8112757 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Females require at a certain period of life the administration or supplementation of specific hormones (estrogen, progesterone), for various needs, such as: prevention of unwanted pregnancies, decreased menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain in endometriosis, alleviation of symptoms associated with menopause, regulation of certain skin processes related to acne or aging and others. Also, hormones could act as oncogenes being known eloquent examples of estrogens labeled both as promoters of cell specific alteration or as mutagenic agents. The use of hormones and exposure to solar radiation is expected to cause a number of adverse changes to the body, especially due to their association with malignant processes. The current study was purported as a basis for understanding certain processes that occur with the administration of hormones and exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. The animal model was made on healthy adult female BALB/c mice, which were separated into groups and treated with Ethinylestradiol (EES), Levonorgestrel (LNG) and their combination in the presence of UVB radiation. Changes in skin physiological parameters were analyzed by non-invasive methods, biochemical parameters related to changes in blood circulating system were evaluated by standard methods and histopathological analysis was conducted to point out the changes at the level of the internal body. Measurement of skin parameters such as erythema, melanin, skin hydration, has highlighted some changes in hormone-treated and exposed to UVB radiation groups which were significant only in the case of erythema. Biochemical parameters showed variations in terms of liver enzymes in groups treated with active substances. Histologically, aspects of internal organs revealed significant changes in the group treated with EES and LNG and exposed to UVB radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgiliu Bogdan Şorop
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania; ; Department 12 - Ophthalmology, ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;
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22
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Gasser S, Heidemeyer K, von Wolff M, Stute P. Impact of progesterone on skin and hair in menopause - a comprehensive review. Climacteric 2021; 24:229-235. [PMID: 33527841 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2020.1838476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In clinical practice, micronized progesterone (MP) is frequently recommended to treat signs and symptoms of skin and hair aging in menopausal women. The aim of this comprehensive review was to evaluate whether topically or systemically applied MP may effectively prevent or slow down signs of skin and hair aging. Three out of six identified studies reported an impact of MP on skin aging markers in menopausal women. Of these, two studies reported a benefit: one for topically applied MP, another for systemically applied combined menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) comprising MP as progestogen for endometrial protection. Tolerability and safety of MP were good. However, there was no study investigating the impact of MP on menopausal scalp hair. In conclusion, delay of skin aging comprises lifestyle adjustment, antioxidants, and several esthetic procedures. In menopausal women, MHT displays beneficial effects on skin aging. There is poor quality but promising scientific evidence for MP displaying anti-aging skin effects in menopausal women. However, good quality studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gasser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinic Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Heidemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M von Wolff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinic Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Stute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinic Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Fonseca CCND, Cezar LC, Franco PC, Simões RS, Sasso GRDS, Simões MDJ, Florencio-Silva R. Effects of soy isoflavones extract on the lipid profile and uterus in ovariectomized rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:177-184. [PMID: 33043731 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1832068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Although soy isoflavones (ISO) have been shown to relief postmenopausal symptoms, it remains inconclusive whether ISO can improve lipid-profile without uterotrophic effects under estrogen-deficiency. Thus, we investigated the effects of ISO on lipid-profile and uterus of ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five adult rats were Ovx or Sham-operated (Sham) and assigned into five groups: Sham and Ovx groups, administered with vehicle solutions; Ovx-E, treated with 10 µg/kg of 17β-Estradiol; Ovx-ISO, treated with 200 mg/kg of ISO; Ovx-E + ISO, treated with estradiol + ISO combined. After fifty days of treatments, rats were euthanized and uterine horns were processed for histomorphometry or to collagen fibers and glycosaminoglycans evaluations. Blood samples were collected to evaluate levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions (HDL/VLDL). Data were subjected to statistical analysis (p < .05). RESULTS Uterus weight was lower in Ovx group than the Sham and Ovx-E groups, whereas it was similar between Ovx and Ovx-ISO groups. Histomorphometry showed atrophic uterus in Ovx and Ovx-ISO groups, whereas uterotrophic effects were noticed in Ovx-E and Ovx-E + ISO groups. Collagen fibers-birefringence was higher in Sham, Ovx, and Ovx-ISO groups than in Ovx-E and Ovx-E + ISO groups. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans content was similar among Sham, Ovx, and Ovx-ISO groups, while it was higher in estrogen-treated groups; total glycosaminoglycans content was similar among groups. TC and HDL was higher in Ovx-ISO group, whereas VLDL and triglycerides levels was higher in Ovx-E + ISO group and similar among other groups. CONCLUSION Soy isoflavones at 200 mg/kg have slight beneficial effects on lipid-profile without uterotrophic effects in Ovx rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Cesar Navarrete da Fonseca
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luana Carvalho Cezar
- Departamento de Patologia Experimental e Comparada, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paulo Celso Franco
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Ginecologia - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Ginecologia - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rinaldo Florencio-Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
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24
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Lephart ED, Naftolin F. Menopause and the Skin: Old Favorites and New Innovations in Cosmeceuticals for Estrogen-Deficient Skin. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2021; 11:53-69. [PMID: 33242128 PMCID: PMC7859014 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-020-00468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a pivotal signaling molecule; its production is regulated by the expression of the aromatase (CYP19A1) gene from ovarian and peripheral tissue sites, and it is transmitted via estrogen receptors to influence many important biological functions. However, the narrative for this overview focuses on the decline of 17β-estradiol levels from ovarian sites after menopause. This estrogen-deficient condition is associated with a dramatic reduction in skin health and wellness by negatively impacting dermal cellular and homeostatic mechanisms, as well as other important biological functions. The changes include loss of collagen, elastin, fibroblast function, vascularity, and increased matrix metalloproteinase(s) enzymatic activities, resulting in cellular and extracellular degradation that leads to dryness, wrinkles, atrophy, impaired wound healing/barrier function, decreased antioxidant capacity [i.e., defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress], decreased attractiveness and psychological health, and increased perception of aging. While topical estrogen may reverse these changes, the effects of today's low-dose systemic hormone treatments are not well established, raising the need for more concentrated local administration of hormones or newer cosmeceutical agents such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including phytoestrogens that have become major active ingredients for skin care products, especially when addressing estrogen-deficient skin. Two example compounds are presented, an analog of resveratrol (i.e., 4'-acetoxy resveratrol) and the isoflavonoid equol, both of which are involved in a variety of biochemical/molecular actions and mechanisms, as demonstrated via in vitro and clinical studies that enhance human dermal health, especially in estrogen-deficient skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Physiology, Developmental Biology and The Neuroscience Center, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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25
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Sexual dimorphism in atrophic effects of topical glucocorticoids is driven by differential regulation of atrophogene REDD1 in male and female skin. Oncotarget 2020; 11:409-418. [PMID: 32064044 PMCID: PMC6996908 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical glucocorticoids, well-known anti-inflammatory drugs, induce multiple adverse effects, including skin atrophy. The sex-specific effects of systemic glucocorticoids are known, but sexual dimorphism of therapeutic and side effects of topical steroids has not been studied. We report here that female and male mice were equally sensitive to the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoid fluocinolone acetonide (FA) in ear edema test. At the same time, females were more sensitive to FA-induced skin atrophy. We recently reported that REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage 1) plays central role in steroid atrophy. We found that REDD1 was more efficiently activated by FA in females, and that REDD1 knockout significantly protected female but not male mice from skin atrophy. Studies using human keratinocytes revealed that both estradiol and FA induced REDD1 mRNA/protein expression, and cooperated when they were combined at low doses. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that REDD1 is an estrogen receptor (ER) target gene with multiple estrogen response elements in its promoter. Moreover, experiments with GR and ER inhibitors suggested that REDD1 induction by these hormones was interdependent on functional activity of both receptors. Overall, our results are important for the development of safer GR-targeted therapies suited for female and male dermatological patients.
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Rosenthal A, Jacoby T, Israilevich R, Moy R. The role of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy in anti-aging medicine: a review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:23-29. [PMID: 31605389 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The changes in skin and overall appearance that occur with increasing age can be partly attributed to declining hormone levels. While hormonal deficiencies are most commonly associated with postmenopausal females, males are also subject to age-related testosterone decline and may benefit from replacement of deficient hormones. However, great disparities exist between the recommendations of scientific societies and actual use of hormone supplements in aging patients. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss the role of hormones in the aging process of the skin, explain the safety profile of hormone replacement therapy, specifically discussing the superiority of bioidentical hormones, and highlight the benefits of hormone replacement in anti-aging of the skin. In summary, this literature review suggests that hormone replacement with bioidentical hormones is a safe and effective way to prevent skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rosenthal
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Moy-Fincher-Chipps Facial Plastics & Dermatology, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Ted Jacoby
- Moy-Fincher-Chipps Facial Plastics & Dermatology, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Israilevich
- Moy-Fincher-Chipps Facial Plastics & Dermatology, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Moy
- Moy-Fincher-Chipps Facial Plastics & Dermatology, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
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