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Prabhakara KS, Ganapathy K, Islam KN, Thyagarajan HM, Tiwari KK, Parimi RL, Rashid MB. Uncovering Novel Protein Partners of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Testis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:388. [PMID: 38672406 PMCID: PMC11048102 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxidative damage to human spermatozoa has been shown to be the primary cause of male infertility. The possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in affecting sperm motility, capacitation, and acrosome reaction has been reported, too. The overproduction of NO by the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) could be responsible as it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. There have been many studies on regulating iNOS function in various tissues, especially by protein-protein interaction; however, no study has looked for iNOS-interacting proteins in the human testis. Here, we have reported the identification of two proteins that interact with iNOS. We initially undertook a popular yeast two-hybrid assay to screen a human testis cDNA library in yeast using an iNOS-peptide fragment (amino acids 181-335) as bait. We verified our data using the mammalian chemiluminescent co-IP method; first, employing the same peptide and, then, a full-length protein co-expressed in HEK293 cells in addition to the candidate protein. In both cases, these two protein partners of iNOS were revealed: (a) sperm acrosome-associated 7 protein and (b) retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik S. Prabhakara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Kavya Ganapathy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Kazi N. Islam
- Department of Agricultural Research and Development Program, Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
| | - Hiran M. Thyagarajan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Kirti K. Tiwari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Ramya L. Parimi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Mohammad B. Rashid
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
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2
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Guazzone VA, Lustig L. Varicocele and testicular cord torsion: immune testicular microenvironment imbalance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1282579. [PMID: 38099296 PMCID: PMC10720440 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1282579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The main functions of the testis, steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, depend on the endocrine axis and systemic and local tolerance mechanisms. Infectious or non-infectious diseases may disturb testicular immune regulation causing infertility. Literature has illustrated that bacterial and viral infections lead to autoimmune infertility: either sperm antibodies or autoimmune epidydimo-orchitis. However, little is known about the association between non-infectious testicular pathologic diseases and autoimmunity. Here we review the novel aspect of varicocele and testicular cord torsion pathology linked to inflammation and discuss how immune factors could contribute to or modulate autoimmunity in ipsi- and contralateral testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa A. Guazzone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Livia Lustig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Zhang W, Chen SJ, Guo LY, Zhang Z, Zhang JB, Wang XM, Meng XB, Zhang MY, Zhang KK, Chen LL, Li YW, Wen Y, Wang L, Hu JH, Bai YY, Zhang XJ. Nitric oxide synthase and its function in animal reproduction: an update. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1288669. [PMID: 38028794 PMCID: PMC10662090 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1288669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical labile gas, is involved in the regulation of various biological functions and physiological processes during animal reproduction. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that the biological role and chemical fate of NO is dependent on dynamic regulation of its biosynthetic enzyme, three distinct nitric oxide synthase (NOS) according to their structure, location and function. The impact of NOS isoforms on reproductive functions need to be timely elucidated. Here, we focus on and the basic background and latest studies on the development, structure, importance inhibitor, location pattern, complex functions. Moreover, we summarize the exactly mechanisms which involved some cell signal pathways in the regulation of NOS with cellular and molecular level in the animal reproduction. Therefore, this growing research area provides the new insight into the important role of NOS male and female reproduction system. It also provides the treatment evidence on targeting NOS of reproductive regulation and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Su juan Chen
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Li ya Guo
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia bin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao meng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiang bo Meng
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Min ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ke ke Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lin lin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi wei Li
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yuliang Wen
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jian he Hu
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yue yu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao jian Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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4
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Ferreiro ME, Méndez CS, Glienke L, Sobarzo CM, Ferraris MJ, Pisera DA, Lustig L, Jacobo PV, Theas MS. Unraveling the effect of the inflammatory microenvironment in spermatogenesis progression. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 392:581-604. [PMID: 36627392 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes progressive spermatogenic impairment. EAO is characterized by high intratesticular levels of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) causing germ cell apoptosis and Sertoli cell dysfunction. However, the impact of this inflammatory milieu on the spermatogenic wave is unknown. Therefore, we studied the effect of inflammation on spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocyte cell cycle progression in an EAO context and through the intratesticular DETA-NO and TNFα injection in the normal rat testes. In EAO, premeiotic germ cell proliferation is limited as a consequence of the undifferentiated spermatogonia (CD9+) cell cycle arrest in G2/M and the reduced number of differentiated spermatogonia (c-kit+) and preleptotene spermatocytes that enter in the meiotic S-phase. Although inflammation disrupts spermatogenesis in EAO, it is maintained in some seminiferous tubules at XIV and VII-VIII stages of the epithelial cell cycle, thereby guaranteeing sperm production. We found that DETA-NO (2 mM) injected in normal testes arrests spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocyte cell cycle; this effect reduces the number of proliferative spermatogonia and the number of preleptotene spermatocytes in meiosis S-phase (36 h after). The temporal inhibition of spermatogonia clonal amplification delayed progression of the spermatogenic wave (5 days after) finally altering spermatogenesis. TNFα (0.5 and 1 µg) exposure did not affect premeiotic germ cell cycle or spermatogenic wave. Our results show that in EAO the inflammatory microenvironment altered spermatogenesis kinetics through premeiotic germ cell cycle arrest and that NO is a sufficient factor contributing to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cinthia Soledad Méndez
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Paraguay 2155, Piso 10, Laboratorio 7, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1421ABG, Argentina
| | - Leilane Glienke
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Paraguay 2155, Piso 10, Laboratorio 7, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1421ABG, Argentina
| | - Cristian Marcelo Sobarzo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Paraguay 2155, Piso 10, Laboratorio 7, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1421ABG, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Ferraris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Alberto Pisera
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Paraguay 2155, Piso 10, Laboratorio 7, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1421ABG, Argentina
| | - Livia Lustig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Paraguay 2155, Piso 10, Laboratorio 7, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1421ABG, Argentina
| | - Patricia Verónica Jacobo
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Fisiología Materno-Placentaria (CONICET), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBEE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - María Susana Theas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Paraguay 2155, Piso 10, Laboratorio 7, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1421ABG, Argentina.
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5
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Santacroce L, Imbimbo C, Ballini A, Crocetto F, Scacco S, Cantore S, Di Zazzo E, Colella M, Jirillo E. Testicular Immunity and Its Connection with the Microbiota. Physiological and Clinical Implications in the Light of Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1335. [PMID: 36013286 PMCID: PMC9409709 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is a complex process, which is based on the cooperation between the endocrine-immune system and the microbiota. Testicular immunity is characterized by the so-called immune privilege, a mechanism that avoids autoimmune attacks against proteins expressed by spermatozoa. Testicular microbiota is connected with the gut microbiota, the most prevalent site of commensals inthe body. Both microbiotas take part inthe development of the immune system and protection againstpathogen invasion. Dysbiosis is caused by concurrent pathologies, such as obesity, diabetes, infections and trauma. The substitution of beneficial bacteria with pathogens may lead to destruction of spermatozoa directly or indirectly and, ultimately, to male infertility. Novel therapeutic interventions, i.e., nutritional interventions and supplementation of natural products, such as, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants and polyphenols, may lead to the restoration of the otherwise-impaired male reproductive potential, even if experimental and clinical results are not always concordant. In this review, the structure and immune function of the testis will be described with special reference to the blood-testisbarrier. The regulatory role of both the gut and testicular microbiota will be illustrated in health and disease, also emphasizing therapeutic attempts with natural products for the correction of male infertility, in the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro Imbimbo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Independent Researcher, Sorriso & Benessere—Ricerca e Clinica, 70129 Bari, Italy
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marica Colella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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6
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Hashemi M, Karami M, Zarrindast MR. The regulatory role of nitric oxide in morphine-induced analgesia in the descending path of pain from the dorsal hippocampus to the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:888-901. [PMID: 35090066 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) levels in brain nuclei, such as the hippocampus and brainstem, are involved in morphine analgesia, but the relationship between the dorsal hippocampus (dH) and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter (dlPAG) needs to be clarified, which is our goal. METHODS Wistar rats were simultaneously equipped with a stereotaxic device with unilateral guide cannula at dH and dlPAG. After recovery, they were divided into control and experimental groups. Formalin (50 μL of 2.5%) was inoculated into the left hind paw of rat. Morphine (6 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 10 min before formalin injection. L-Arginine (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 μg/rat), and L-NAME (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 μg/rat), unrelatedly or with the respect in the order of injection were used in the nuclei before morphine injection (i.p.). Activation of the neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in the brains of all animals was measured using NADPH-diaphorase, a selective biochemical marker of nNOS. RESULTS Morphine reduced inflammatory pain in the early and late stages of the rat formalin test. The morphine response was attenuated by before injection of single L-arginine but not L-NAME in the two target areas. However, the acute phase result was stopped due to L-NAME pretreatment. When L-NAME was injected into dlPAG before injecting L-arginine at dH, the morphine response did not decrease at all, indicating a modulatory role of NO in dlPAG, which was confirmed by NADPH-d staining. CONCLUSIONS High levels of NO in dlPAG may regulate pain process in downward synaptic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Hashemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manizheh Karami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Dutta S, Sandhu N, Sengupta P, Alves MG, Henkel R, Agarwal A. Somatic-Immune Cells Crosstalk In-The-Making of Testicular Immune Privilege. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:2707-2718. [PMID: 34580844 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunological infertility contributes significantly to the etiology of idiopathic male infertility. Shielding the spermatogenic cells from systemic immune responses is fundamental to secure normal production of spermatozoa. The body's immune system is tuned with the host self-components since the early postnatal period, while sperm first develops during puberty, thus rendering spermatogenic proteins as 'non-self' or 'antigenic.' Development of antibodies to these antigens elicits autoimmune responses affecting sperm motility, functions, and fertility. Therefore, the testes need to establish a specialized immune-privileged microenvironment to protect the allogenic germ cells by orchestration of various testicular cells and resident immune cells. This is achieved through sequestration of antigenic germ cells by blood-testis barrier and actions of various endocrine, paracrine, immune-suppressive, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. The various mechanisms are very complex and need conceptual integration to disclose the exact physiological scenario, and to facilitate detection and management of immunogenic infertility caused by disruption of testicular immune regulation. The present review aims to (a) discuss the components of testicular immune privilege; (b) explain testicular somatic and immune cell interactions in establishing and maintaining the testicular immune micro-environment; and (c) illustrate the integration of multiple mechanisms involved in the control of immune privilege of the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Dutta
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Narpal Sandhu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- LogixX Pharma, Theale, Berkshire, UK
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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8
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Mansouri Torghabeh F, Rostamzadeh P, Davoudi S, Keivan M, Shokri-Asl V. Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis on orchitis following spermatic cord torsion-detorsion in male mice with emphasis on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14252. [PMID: 34554588 DOI: 10.1111/and.14252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchitis as inflammation of testis occurs following traumatic injuries such as testicular torsion leading to high levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. Rosmarinus officinalis is a herb with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study assessed therapeutic effects of rosemary following testicular torsion. A total of 36 male mice were categorised; control, torsion, rosemary (100 and 200 mg/kg) and torsion+rosemary groups. Torsion was induced surgically, and rosemary was gavaged. Total antioxidant capacity of extract was approved by Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma. Malondialdehyde and Griess protocols were hired to assess oxidative stress. Finally, sperm parameters and testosterone levels were analysed. Immunofluorescent (of Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha), hematoxylin and eosin stainings and expression of inflammatory genes (Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-1β, Interferon-γ) were also assessed. Data were analysed using SPSS (v. 19), and graphs were drawn by GraphPad Prism (v. 9). Significantly (p < .05), oxidative stress indices and inflammatory genes expression were increased in torsion group, and total antioxidant capacity was increased in rosemary groups. In torsion+rosemary groups, total antioxidant capacity, sperm parameters and testosterone levels were increased, and inflammatory gene expression decreased significantly (p < .05). Rosemary with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties accelerates testicular healing in torsion cases, especially in therapeutic dose of 200 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mansouri Torghabeh
- Department of Physiology Sciences, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parsa Rostamzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Samira Davoudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mona Keivan
- Member of Research Committee, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Shokri-Asl
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Noguchi J, Kaneko H, Ikeda M, Kikuchi K, Dang‐Nguyen TQ, Furusawa T. Sperm immunization and rat spermatogenesis: Dysfunctional blood‐testis barrier and perturbed Sertoli cell cytoskeleton. Andrology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Noguchi
- Reproductive Biology Unit Division of Animal Sciences Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNARO Tsukuba Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaneko
- Reproductive Biology Unit Division of Animal Sciences Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNARO Tsukuba Japan
| | - Mitsumi Ikeda
- Animal Biotechnology Unit Division of Animal Sciences Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNARO Tsukuba Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Reproductive Biology Unit Division of Animal Sciences Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNARO Tsukuba Japan
| | - Thanh Quang Dang‐Nguyen
- Reproductive Biology Unit Division of Animal Sciences Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNARO Tsukuba Japan
| | - Tadashi Furusawa
- Animal Biotechnology Unit Division of Animal Sciences Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNARO Tsukuba Japan
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10
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Lustig L, Guazzone VA, Theas MS, Pleuger C, Jacobo P, Pérez CV, Meinhardt A, Fijak M. Pathomechanisms of Autoimmune Based Testicular Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583135. [PMID: 33101310 PMCID: PMC7546798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation of the male reproductive tract are relevant causes of infertility. Inflammatory damage occurs in the special immunosuppressive microenvironment of the testis, a hallmark termed testicular immune privilege, which allows tolerance to neo-antigens from developing germ cells appearing at puberty, long after the establishment of systemic immune tolerance. Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is a well-established rodent model of chronic testicular inflammation and organ specific autoimmunity that offers a valuable in vivo tool to investigate the pathological and molecular mechanisms leading to the breakdown of the testicular immune privilege. The disease is characterized by the infiltration of the interstitium by immune cells (mainly macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells), formation of autoantibodies against testicular antigens, production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, MCP1, TNFα, IL6, or activins and dysregulation of steroidogenesis with reduced levels of serum testosterone. EAO leads to sloughing of germ cells, atrophic seminiferous tubules and fibrotic remodeling, parameters all found similarly to changes in human biopsies from infertile patients with inflammatory infiltrates. Interestingly, testosterone supplementation during the course of EAO leads to expansion of the regulatory T cell population and inhibition of disease development. Knowledge of EAO pathogenesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of human testicular autoimmune disease as an essential prerequisite for improved diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Lustig
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tècnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa A Guazzone
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tècnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Theas
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tècnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christiane Pleuger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Patricia Jacobo
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tècnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia V Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tècnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Monika Fijak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Bhushan S, Theas MS, Guazzone VA, Jacobo P, Wang M, Fijak M, Meinhardt A, Lustig L. Immune Cell Subtypes and Their Function in the Testis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583304. [PMID: 33101311 PMCID: PMC7554629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoregulation in the testis is characterized by a balance between immuno-suppression (or immune privilege) and the ability to react to infections and inflammation. In this review, we analyze the phenotypes of the various immune cell subtypes present in the testis, and how their functions change between homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Starting with testicular macrophages, we explore how this heterogeneous population is shaped by the testicular microenvironment to ensure immune privilege. We then describe how dendritic cells exhibit a tolerogenic status under normal conditions, but proliferate, mature and then stimulate effector T-cell expansion under inflammatory conditions. Finally, we outline the two T-cell populations in the testis: CD4+/CD8+ αβ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and describe the distribution and function of mast cells. All these cells help modulate innate immunity and regulate the immune response. By improving our understanding of immune cell behavior in the testis under normal and inflammatory conditions, we will be better placed to evaluate testis impairment due to immune mechanisms in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Hessian Center of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Leibig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - María S Theas
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa A Guazzone
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Jacobo
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ming Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Monika Fijak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Hessian Center of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Leibig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Hessian Center of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Leibig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Livia Lustig
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Ferreiro ME, Amarilla MS, Glienke L, Méndez CS, González C, Jacobo PV, Sobarzo CM, De Laurentiis A, Ferraris MJ, Theas MS. The inflammatory mediators TNFα and nitric oxide arrest spermatogonia GC-1 cell cycle. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:329-339. [PMID: 31757605 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During an inflammatory process of the testis, the network of somatic, immune, and germ cell interactions is altered leading to organ dysfunction. In testicular biopsies of infertile men, spermatogenesis impairment is associated with reduced spermatogonia proliferation, increased number of immune cells, and content of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TNFα-TNFR and nitric oxide (NO)-NO synthase systems are up-regulated in models of testicular damage and in human testis with maturation arrest. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that TNFα-TNFR system and NO alter the function of spermatogonia in the inflamed testis. We studied the effect of TNFα and NO on GC-1 spermatogonia cell cycle progression and death by flow cytometry. GC-1 cells expressed TNFR1 and TNFR2 (immunofluorescence). TNFα (10 and 50 ng/ml) and DETA-Nonoate (0.5 and 2 mM), a NO releaser, increased the percentage of cells in S-phase of the cell cycle and reduced the percentage in G1, inducing also cell apoptosis. TNFα effect was not mediated by oxidative stress unlike NO, since the presence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (2.5 and 5.0 mM) prevented NO induced cell cycle arrest and death. GC-1 spermatogonia overpass NO induced cell cycle arrest but no TNFα, since after removal of NO, spermatogonia progressed through the cell cycle. We propose TNFα and NO might contribute to impairment of spermatogenesis by preventing adequate functioning of the spermatogonia population. Our results showed that TNFα and NO impaired spermatogonia cell cycle, inducing GC-1 arrest in the S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Ferreiro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sofía Amarilla
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leilane Glienke
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cinthia Soledad Méndez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela González
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Verónica Jacobo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Marcelo Sobarzo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea De Laurentiis
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO) CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Ferraris
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Susana Theas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Gualdoni GS, Jacobo PV, Sobarzo CM, Pérez CV, Matzkin ME, Höcht C, Frungieri MB, Hill M, Anegon I, Lustig L, Guazzone VA. Role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in testicular immune-privilege. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15919. [PMID: 31685866 PMCID: PMC6828782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Male meiotic germ cell including the spermatozoa represent a great challenge to the immune system, as they appear long after the establishment of normal immune tolerance mechanisms. The capacity of the testes to tolerate autoantigenic germ cells as well as survival of allogeneic organ engrafted in the testicular interstitium have led to consider the testis an immunologically privileged site. Disruption of this immune privilege following trauma, tumor, or autoimmune orchitis often results in male infertility. Strong evidence indicates that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been implicated in fetal and allograft tolerance, tumor immune resistance, and regulation of autoimmune diseases. IDO and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) catalyze the same rate-limiting step of tryptophan metabolism along a common pathway, which leads to tryptophan starvation and generation of catabolites collectively known as kynurenines. However, the relevance of tryptophan metabolism in testis pathophysiology has not yet been explored. Here we assessed the in vivo role of IDO/TDO in experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO), a model of autoimmune testicular inflammation and immunologically impaired spermatogenesis. EAO was induced in adult Wistar rats with testicular homogenate and adjuvants. Control (C) rats injected with saline and adjuvants and normal untreated rats (N) were also studied. mRNA expression of IDO decreased in whole testes and in isolated Sertoli cells during EAO. TDO and IDO localization and level of expression in the testis were analyzed by immunostaining and Western blot. TDO is expressed in granulomas from EAO rats, and similar protein levels were observed in N, C, and EAO groups. IDO was detected in mononuclear and endothelial cells and reduced IDO expression was detected in EAO group compared to N and C rats. This phenomenon was concomitant with a significant reduction of IDO activity in EAO testis measured by tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations (HPLC). Finally, in vivo inhibition of IDO with 1-methyl-tryptophan increased severity of the disease, demonstrating down regulation of IDO-based tolerance when testicular immune regulation was disrupted. We present evidence that an IDO-based mechanism is involved in testicular immune privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela S Gualdoni
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Jacobo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Cristian M Sobarzo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Cecilia V Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - María E Matzkin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Christian Höcht
- Cátedra de Farmacología. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Mónica B Frungieri
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Hill
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Inserm, Université de Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France, INSERM UMR 1064, France
| | - Livia Lustig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Vanesa A Guazzone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina.
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14
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Guazzone VA. Exploring the role of antigen presenting cells in male genital tract. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13120. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa A. Guazzone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II.; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED); Buenos Aires Argentina
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15
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Theas MS. Germ cell apoptosis and survival in testicular inflammation. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13083. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María Susana Theas
- Cátedra II de Histología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED); CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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16
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Fijak M, Pilatz A, Hedger MP, Nicolas N, Bhushan S, Michel V, Tung KSK, Schuppe HC, Meinhardt A. Infectious, inflammatory and 'autoimmune' male factor infertility: how do rodent models inform clinical practice? Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:416-441. [PMID: 29648649 PMCID: PMC6016649 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection and inflammation of the reproductive tract are significant causes of male factor infertility. Ascending infections caused by sexually transmitted bacteria or urinary tract pathogens represent the most frequent aetiology of epididymo-orchitis, but viral, haematogenous dissemination is also a contributory factor. Limitations in adequate diagnosis and therapy reflect an obvious need for further understanding of human epididymal and testicular immunopathologies and their contribution to infertility. A major obstacle for advancing our knowledge is the limited access to suitable tissue samples. Similarly, the key events in the inflammatory or autoimmune pathologies affecting human male fertility are poorly amenable to close examination. Moreover, the disease processes generally have occurred long before the patient attends the clinic for fertility assessment. In this regard, data obtained from experimental animal models and respective comparative analyses have shown promise to overcome these restrictions in humans. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This narrative review will focus on male fertility disturbances caused by infection and inflammation, and the usefulness of the most frequently applied animal models to study these conditions. SEARCH METHODS An extensive search in Medline database was performed without restrictions until January 2018 using the following search terms: 'infection' and/or 'inflammation' and 'testis' and/or 'epididymis', 'infection' and/or 'inflammation' and 'male genital tract', 'male infertility', 'orchitis', 'epididymitis', 'experimental autoimmune' and 'orchitis' or 'epididymitis' or 'epididymo-orchitis', antisperm antibodies', 'vasectomy'. In addition to that, reference lists of primary and review articles were reviewed for additional publications independently by each author. Selected articles were verified by each two separate authors and discrepancies discussed within the team. OUTCOMES There is clear evidence that models mimicking testicular and/or epididymal inflammation and infection have been instructive in a better understanding of the mechanisms of disease initiation and progression. In this regard, rodent models of acute bacterial epididymitis best reflect the clinical situation in terms of mimicking the infection pathway, pathogens selected and the damage, such as fibrotic transformation, observed. Similarly, animal models of acute testicular and epididymal inflammation using lipopolysaccharides show impairment of reproduction, endocrine function and histological tissue architecture, also seen in men. Autoimmune responses can be studied in models of experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) and vasectomy. In particular, the early stages of EAO development showing inflammatory responses in the form of peritubular lymphocytic infiltrates, thickening of the lamina propria of affected tubules, production of autoantibodies against testicular antigens or secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, replicate observations in testicular sperm extraction samples of patients with 'mixed atrophy' of spermatogenesis. Vasectomy, in the form of sperm antibodies and chronic inflammation, can also be studied in animal models, providing valuable insights into the human response. WIDER IMPLICATIONS This is the first comprehensive review of rodent models of both infectious and autoimmune disease of testis/epididymis, and their clinical implications, i.e. their importance in understanding male infertility related to infectious and non-infectious/autoimmune disease of the reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fijak
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Aulweg 123, Giessen, Germany
| | - Adrian Pilatz
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Mark P Hedger
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nour Nicolas
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Aulweg 123, Giessen, Germany
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Aulweg 123, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vera Michel
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Aulweg 123, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kenneth S K Tung
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, 345 Crispell Drive, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Aulweg 123, Giessen, Germany
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Sokanovic SJ, Capo I, Medar MM, Andric SA, Kostic TS. Long-term inhibition of PDE5 ameliorates aging-induced changes in rat testis. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:139-148. [PMID: 29660387 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NO-cGMP signaling pathway has been implicated in reduction of testicular steroidogenesis during aging. Here we analyzed the effect of PDE5 inhibition on old testicular phenotype formation. The old phenotype exhibited low testosterone and increased nitrite levels in circulation, increased cGMP accumulation in testicular interstitial fluid (TIF), progressive atrophy of testicular seminiferous tubules and enlargement of interstitial area followed by rise in blood vessel density and slight increase in the number of Leydig cells and macrophages. Leydig cells have reduced steroidogenic capacity, increased MAP kinases expression (MEK, ERK1/2, JNK) and antiapoptotic PRKG1 and AKT, suggesting increased proliferation/survival and accumulation of senescent Leydig cells in testis. In 12 month-old rats, a long-term treatment with sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor) normalized testosterone/nitrite levels in circulation and cGMP accumulation in TIF; improved Leydig cell steroidogenic capacity; decreased MEK, ERK1/2 and PRKG1 expression; prevented an increase in the Leydig cells number and atrophy of seminiferous tubules leading to histological appearance of young rat testes. In 18 month-old rats, long-term PDE5 inhibition partially recovered testosterone and nitrite levels in serum; normalized PRKG1 expression without effect on MEK and ERK1/2; and slowed down Leydig cell and macrophage accumulation and regressive tubular changes. Culturing of primary Leydig cells from aged rats in presence of PDE5-inhibitor stimulated steroidogenic and MAPK gene expression. Taking together, results indicate that cGMP targeting alter both steroidogenesis and signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation/survival. The long-term PDE5 inhibition improves testicular steroidogenesis and slows-down regressive changes in testes during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan J Sokanovic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivan Capo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija M Medar
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Silvana A Andric
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana S Kostic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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18
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Li Y, Wang J, Yu L, Zhao K, Chen B, Li C, Yang F, Yuan H, Zhang H. Effects of prokineticin 2 on testicular inflammation in rats. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29516577 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Prokineticin 2 (PK2), a pro-inflammatory peptide, is highly expressed in primary spermatocytes. However, systematic research on PK2 and testicular inflammation is lacking to date. METHOD OF STUDY An experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) model was established to detect the expression of PK2 and its receptor (prokineticin receptor 1, PKR1) 50 and 80 days after immunization. PK2 siRNA sequence was injected into the rat rete testis to downregulate the expression of PK2. PK2 was over-expressed in the testis by injecting PK2 protein through the rat rete testis at different concentrations. Testicular morphology and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected after the intervention. RESULTS Results showed that PK2 and PKR1 were upregulated in EAO at 50 days and downregulated at 80 days. PK2 over-expression contributed to the apoptosis of spermatogenic epithelial cells and increased infiltration of the inflammatory cells, whereas PK2 under-expression showed no change. Furthermore, iNOS expression was increased significantly when PK2 was over-expressed. CONCLUSION This finding demonstrated that the PK2/PKR1 signals may have an essential role in the regulation of testicular inflammation through iNOS. PK2 interference may represent a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of orchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Guangxi Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College, Huangzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuiling Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongfang Yuan
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Family Planning Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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Jarazo Dietrich S, Fass MI, Jacobo PV, Sobarzo CMA, Lustig L, Theas MS. Inhibition of NOS-NO System Prevents Autoimmune Orchitis Development in Rats: Relevance of NO Released by Testicular Macrophages in Germ Cell Apoptosis and Testosterone Secretion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128709. [PMID: 26046347 PMCID: PMC4457887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the testis is considered an immunoprivileged organ it can orchestrate immune responses against pathological insults such as infection and trauma. Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is a model of chronic inflammation whose main histopathological features it shares with human orchitis. In EAO an increased number of macrophages infiltrate the interstitium concomitantly with progressive germ cell degeneration and impaired steroidogenesis. Up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO)-NO synthase (NOS) system occurs, macrophages being the main producers of NO. Objective The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of NO-NOS system in orchitis development and determine the involvement of NO released by testicular macrophages on germ cell apoptosis and testosterone secretion. Method and Results EAO was induced in rats by immunization with testicular homogenate and adjuvants (E group) and a group of untreated normal rats (N) was also studied. Blockage of NOS by i.p. injection of E rats with a competitive inhibitor of NOS, L-NAME (8mg/kg), significantly reduced the incidence and severity of orchitis and lowered testicular nitrite content. L-NAME reduced germ cell apoptosis and restored intratesticular testosterone levels, without variations in serum LH. Co-culture of N testicular fragments with testicular macrophages obtained from EAO rats significantly increased germ cell apoptosis and testosterone secretion, whereas addition of L-NAME lowered both effects and reduced nitrite content. Incubation of testicular fragments from N rats with a NO donor DETA-NOnoate (DETA-NO) induced germ cell apoptosis through external and internal apoptotic pathways, an effect prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). DETA-NO inhibited testosterone released from Leydig cells, whereas NAC (from 2.5 to 15 mM) did not prevent this effect. Conclusions We demonstrated that NO-NOS system is involved in the impairment of testicular function in orchitis. NO secreted mainly by testicular macrophages could promote oxidative stress inducing ST damage and interfering in Leydig cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jarazo Dietrich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Irina Fass
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Verónica Jacobo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Livia Lustig
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Susana Theas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Inoue T, Aoyama-Ishikawa M, Kamoshida S, Nishino S, Sasano M, Oka N, Yamashita H, Kai M, Nakao A, Kotani J, Usami M. Endogenous interleukin 18 regulates testicular germ cell apoptosis during endotoxemia. Reproduction 2015; 150:105-14. [PMID: 25934945 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Orchitis (testicular swelling) often occurs during systemic inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis. Interleukin 18 (IL18) is a proinflammatory cytokine and is an apoptotic mediator during endotoxemia, but the role of IL18 in response to inflammation in the testes was unclear. WT and IL18 knockout (KO) mice were injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce endotoxemia and examined 12 and 48 h after LPS administration to model the acute and recovery phases of endotoxemia. Caspase activation was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Protein and mRNA expression were examined by western blot and quantitative real-time RT-PCR respectively. During the acute phase of endotoxemia, apoptosis (as indicated by caspase-3 cleavage) was increased in WT mice but not in IL18 KO mice. The death receptor-mediated and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways were both activated in the WT mice but not in the KO mice. During the recovery phase of endotoxemia, apoptosis was observed in the IL18 KO mice but not in the WT mice. Activation of the death-receptor mediated apoptotic pathway could be seen in the IL18 KO mice but not the WT mice. These results suggested that endogenous IL18 induces germ cell apoptosis via death receptor mediated- and mitochondrial-mediated pathways during the acute phase of endotoxemia and suppresses germ cell apoptosis via death-receptor mediated pathways during recovery from endotoxemia. Taken together, IL18 could be a new therapeutic target to prevent orchitis during endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketo Inoue
- Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michiko Aoyama-Ishikawa
- Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishino
- Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Maki Sasano
- Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobuki Oka
- Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamashita
- Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Motoki Kai
- Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsunori Nakao
- Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Joji Kotani
- Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan
| | - Makoto Usami
- Department of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142 Hyogo, JapanOno Ladies Clinic538-3, Nishihonmachi, Ono, 675-1375 Hyogo, JapanDepartment of EmergencyDisaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Hyogo, Japan
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Suslova TE, Sitozhevskii AV, Ogurkova ON, Kravchenko ES, Kologrivova IV, Anfinogenova Y, Karpov RS. Platelet hemostasis in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: cGMP- and NO-dependent mechanisms in the insulin-mediated platelet aggregation. Front Physiol 2015; 5:501. [PMID: 25601838 PMCID: PMC4283519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have high risk of microcirculation complications and microangiopathies. An increase in thrombogenic risk is associated with platelet hyperaggregation, hypercoagulation, and hyperfibrinolysis. Factors leading to platelet activation in MetS and T2DM comprise insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, non-enzymatic glycosylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This review discusses the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of platelet adhesion and aggregation processes. NO is synthesized both in endotheliocytes, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and platelets. Modification of platelet NO-synthase (NOS) activity in MetS patients can play a central role in the manifestation of platelet hyperactivation. Metabolic changes, accompanying T2DM, can lead to an abnormal NOS expression and activity in platelets. Hyperhomocysteinemia, often accompanying T2DM, is a risk factor for cardiovascular accidents. Homocysteine can reduce NO production by platelets. This review provides data on the insulin effects in platelets. Decrease in a number and sensitivity of the insulin receptors on platelets in T2DM can cause platelet hyperactivation. Various intracellular mechanisms of anti-aggregating insulin effects are discussed. Anti-aggregating effects of insulin are mediated by a NO-induced elevation of cGMP and upregulation of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent pathways. The review presents data suggesting an ability of platelets to synthesize humoral factors stimulating thrombogenesis and inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines are considered as markers of T2DM and cardiovascular complications and are involved in the development of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. The article provides an evaluation of NO-mediated signaling pathway in the effects of cytokines on platelet aggregation. The effects of the proinflammatory cytokines on functional activity of platelets are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E Suslova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia ; Center of High Technology in the Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexei V Sitozhevskii
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oksana N Ogurkova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena S Kravchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina V Kologrivova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yana Anfinogenova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia ; Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk, Russia
| | - Rostislav S Karpov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia
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23
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Pérez CV, Theas MS, Jacobo PV, Jarazo-Dietrich S, Guazzone VA, Lustig L. Dual role of immune cells in the testis: Protective or pathogenic for germ cells? SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 3:e23870. [PMID: 23687616 PMCID: PMC3644047 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to describe how the immune cells present in the testis interact with the germinal epithelium contributing to survival or apoptosis of germ cells (GCs). Physiologically, the immunosuppressor testicular microenvironment protects GCs from immune attack, whereas in inflammatory conditions, tolerance is disrupted and immune cells and their mediators respond to GC self antigens, inducing damage of the germinal epithelium. Considering that experimental models of autoimmune orchitis have clarified the local immune mechanisms by which protection of the testis is compromised, we described the following topics in the testis of normal and orchitic rats: (1) cell adhesion molecule expression of seminiferous tubule specialized junctions and modulation of blood-testis barrier permeability by cytokines (2) phenotypic and functional characteristics of testicular dendritic cells, macrophages, effector and regulatory T cells and mast cells and (3) effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and FasL) and the nitric oxide-nitric oxide synthase system on GC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia V Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; UBA/CONICET; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Question of an infectious etiology or contribution to the pathogenesis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58:546-8. [PMID: 24345839 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a concerning cause of nonbilious vomiting in the neonatal population. Although a number of etiological theories exist, its exact cause remains nebulous. The question of an infectious etiology (or contribution) has been previously examined in case reports and case series, with recent support through suggestions of seasonality and familial aggregation with unclear inheritance patterns. The present review discusses the published literature regarding infectious etiologies of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Furthermore, it attempts to demonstrate that newer research regarding an NOS1 genetic etiology does not exclude, but rather can be consistent with, an infectious etiology.
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Winnall WR, Hedger MP. Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of the testicular macrophage population: a new regulatory model. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 97:147-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pérez CV, Sobarzo CM, Jacobo PV, Pellizzari EH, Cigorraga SB, Denduchis B, Lustig L. Loss of occludin expression and impairment of blood-testis barrier permeability in rats with autoimmune orchitis: effect of interleukin 6 on Sertoli cell tight junctions. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:122. [PMID: 23018187 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the male reproductive tract is accepted as being an important etiological factor of infertility. Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is characterized by interstitial lymphomononuclear cell infiltration and severe damage of seminiferous tubules with germ cells that undergo apoptosis and sloughing. Because the blood-testis barrier (BTB) is relevant for the protection of haploid germ cells against immune attack, the aim of this study was to analyze BTB permeability and the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin 11, and tight junction protein 1 [TJP1]) in rats during development of autoimmune orchitis. The role of IL6 as modulator of tight junction dynamics was also evaluated because intratesticular content of this cytokine is increased in EAO rats. Orchitis was induced in Sprague-Dawley adult rats by active immunization with testicular homogenate and adjuvants. Control rats (C) were injected with saline solution and adjuvants. Untreated (N) rats were also studied. Concomitant with early signs of germ cell sloughing, a reduced expression of occludin and delocalization of claudin 11 and TJP1 were detected in the testes of rats with EAO compared to C and N groups. The use of tracers showed increased BTB permeability in EAO rats. Intratesticular injection of IL6 induced focal testicular inflammation, which is associated with damaged seminiferous tubules. Rat Sertoli cells cultured in the presence of IL6 exhibited a redistribution of tight junction proteins and reduced transepithelial electrical resistance. These data indicate the possibility that IL6 might be involved in the downregulation of occludin expression and in the modulation of BTB permeability that occur in rats undergoing autoimmune orchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Valeria Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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