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Ramos-Vega A, Monreal-Escalante E, Dumonteil E, Bañuelos-Hernández B, Angulo C. Plant-made vaccines against parasites: bioinspired perspectives to fight against Chagas disease. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1373-1388. [PMID: 33612044 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1893170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Three decades of evidence have demonstrated that plants are an affordable platform for biopharmaceutical production and delivery. For instance, several plant-made recombinant proteins have been approved for commercialization under good manufacturing practice (GMP). Thus far, plant-based vaccine prototypes have been evaluated at pre- and clinical levels. Particularly, plant-made vaccines against parasitic diseases, such as malaria, cysticercosis, and toxoplasmosis have been successfully produced and orally delivered with promising outcomes in terms of immunogenicity and protection. The experience on several approaches and technical strategies over 30 years accounts for their potential low-cost, high scalability, and easy administration.Areas covered: This platform is an open technology to fight against Chagas disease, one of the most important neglected tropical diseases worldwide.Expert opinion: This review provides a perspective for the potential use of plants as a production platform and delivery system of Trypanosoma cruzi recombinant antigens, analyzing the advantages and limitations with respect to plant-made vaccines produced for other parasitic diseases. Plant-made vaccines are envisioned to fight against Chagas disease and other neglected tropical diseases in those countries suffering endemic prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Ramos-Vega
- Grupo de Inmunología & Vacunología. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.c.s. C.p., México
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Grupo de Inmunología & Vacunología. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.c.s. C.p., México.,CONACYT- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.c.s. C.p, México
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández
- Facultad de Agronomía Y Veterinaria, Universidad de La Salle Bajio, Avenida Universidad 602, Lomas del Campestre, León Guanajuato, México
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Grupo de Inmunología & Vacunología. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.c.s. C.p., México
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Rios LE, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Pacheco AO, Zago MP, Garg NJ. Immunity and vaccine development efforts against Trypanosoma cruzi. Acta Trop 2019; 200:105168. [PMID: 31513763 PMCID: PMC7409534 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the causative agent for Chagas disease (CD). There is a critical lack of methods for prevention of infection or treatment of acute infection and chronic disease. Studies in experimental models have suggested that the protective immunity against T. cruzi infection requires the elicitation of Th1 cytokines, lytic antibodies and the concerted activities of macrophages, T helper cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this review, we summarize the research efforts in vaccine development to date and the challenges faced in achieving an efficient prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine against human CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette E Rios
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Antonio Ortega Pacheco
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - M Paola Zago
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Salta, Argentina
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
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Gupta S, Salgado-Jiménez B, Lokugamage N, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Garg NJ. TcG2/TcG4 DNA Vaccine Induces Th1 Immunity Against Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection: Adjuvant and Antigenic Effects of Heterologous T. rangeli Booster Immunization. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1456. [PMID: 31293599 PMCID: PMC6606718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chagas cardiomyopathy is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc). Two antigenic candidates, TcG2 and TcG4, are recognized by antibodies in naturally infected dogs and humans; and these vaccine candidates provided protection from Tc infection in mice and dogs. Trypanosoma rangeli (Tr) is non-pathogenic to mammals and shown to elicit cross-reactive anti-Tc antibodies. In this study, we investigated if fixed Tr (fTr) can further enhance the efficacy of the TcG2/TcG4 DNA vaccine. Methods and Results: C57BL/6 mice were immunized with TcG2/TcG4 DNA vaccine and fTr (delivered as an adjuvant or in prime-boost approach), and challenged with Tc. Serology studies showed that fTr (±quil-A) elicited Tc- and Tr-reactive IgGs that otherwise were not stimulated by TcG2/TcG4 vaccine only, and quil-A had suppressive effects on fTr-induced IgGs. After challenge infection, TcG2/TcG4-vaccinated mice exhibited potent expansion of antigen- and Tc-specific IgGs that were not boosted by fTr±quil-A. Flow cytometry analysis showed that TcG2/TcG4-induced dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (Mφ) responded to challenge infection by expression of markers of antigen uptake, processing, and presentation, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TcG2/TcG4-induced CD4+T cells acquired Th1 phenotype and expressed markers that orchestrate adaptive immunity. A fraction of vaccine-induced CD4+T cells exhibited iTreg phenotype responsible for aversion of self-injurious immune responses. Further, TcG2/TcG4-vaccinated mice exhibited potent expansion of poly-functional CD8+T cells with TNF-α/IFN-γ production and cytolytic phenotype post-infection. Subsequently, tissue parasites and pathology were hardly detectable in TcG2/TcG4-vaccinated/infected mice. Inclusion of fTr±quil-A had no clear additive effects in improving the Tc-specific adaptive immunity and parasite control than was noted in mice vaccinated with TcG2/TcG4 alone. Non-vaccinated mice lacked sufficient activation of Th1 CD4+/CD8+T cells, and exhibited >10-fold higher levels of tissue parasite burden than was noted in vaccinated/infected mice. Conclusion:TcG2/TcG4 vaccine elicits highly effective immunity, and inclusion of fTr is not required to improve the efficacy of DNA vaccine against acute Tc infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Berenice Salgado-Jiménez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Nandadeva Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Grando TH, Baldissera MD, de Sá MF, do Carmo GM, Porto BCZ, Aguirre GSV, Azevedo MI, de Jesus FPK, Santurio JM, Sagrillo MR, Stefani LM, Monteiro SG. Avian antibodies (IgY) against Trypanosoma cruzi: Purification and characterization studies. J Immunol Methods 2017; 449:56-61. [PMID: 28697990 PMCID: PMC7126890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a flagellated protozoan belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Currently, there is neither a licensed vaccine nor effective treatment, characterizing an unmet clinical need. The IgY refers to the egg yolk immunoglobulin (Y=yolk) and its production and use are subjects of many studies due to the diversity of its diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Several researchers have shown that the use of specific IgY may prevent and/or control infectious and parasitic diseases. Based on these evidences, the aim of this study was to immunize chickens with trypomastigotes of T. cruzi in order to produce highly effective and pure antibodies (IgY), as well as extract, characterize, quantify, and verify cytotoxic effects of IgY anti-T. cruzi. After the induction of IgY production by chickens, the eggs were collected and the IgY was extracted by method of precipitation of polyethylene glycol 6000. The IgY anti-T. cruzi characterization was performed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western-blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the cytotoxic or proliferative effects of IgY anti-T. cruzi was verified by MTT assay. The concentration of IgY in yolk was 8.41±1.47mg/mL. The characterization of IgY reveled bands of stained peptides with molecular weight between 75 and 50kDa and 37 and 25kDa. In the ELISA test was observed that there was antigen-antibody reaction throughout the sample period. The concentrations of 1, 5 and 10mg/mL of IgY anti-T. cruzi presented no cytotoxic of proliferative effects in mononuclear and VERO cells in vitro. The results indicated that T. cruzi is able to generate a high production of specific immunoglobulins in chickens, it did not cause damage to the cell membrane and no proliferative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirssa H Grando
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariângela F de Sá
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M do Carmo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bianca Carolina Z Porto
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele S V Aguirre
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Azevedo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francielli P K de Jesus
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michele R Sagrillo
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenita Moura Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Miao M, Wang T, Lou X, Bai M, Xi P, Liu B, Chang B. Effects of Fuzheng Paidu tablet immunization on AIDS BALB/c mice. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:644-648. [PMID: 28579905 PMCID: PMC5447433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish a Friend murine leukemia virus (FLV)-induced immunodeficient BALB/C mouse model and investigate the effects of Fuzheng Paidu tablets on the body weight, thymus, spleen, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of FLV-infected mice. FLV was passaged twice in BALB/c mice. The infected mice were divided into six groups of ten mice based on their weights. The groups included the normal control group; virus control group; AZT group; high- (2.8 g/kg), medium- (1.4 g/kg), and low-dose (0.7 g/kg) Fuzheng Paidu tablet groups; and Fuzheng Paidu decoction (10 g/kg) group. The mice were administered Fuzheng Paidu tablets via gavage for 21 days. The body weight and changes in the thymus, spleen, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of each mouse were measured. RESULTS The splenic weight of the virus control group is significantly higher than that of the normal control group, with significant splenomegaly. In addition, the splenic inhibition indices of the AZT group and the high- and medium-dose Fuzheng Paidu tablet groups were approximately 93.80%, 37.80%, and 28.07%, respectively. Furthermore, the high and medium dose Fuzheng Paidu tablets could increase the thymus weights of the infected mice. CONCLUSION Fuzheng Paidu tablets could inhibit splenomegaly, lower the splenic indices, and increase the thymic weights and thymic indices of FLV-induced immunodeficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsan Miao
- Departments of Science and Technology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xin Lou
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Departments of Science and Technology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Peng Xi
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Baosong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Bingjie Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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