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Dos Santos CEP, Loreto ES, Zanette RA, Santurio JM, Marques LC. Epidemiology of horse pythiosis in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso: Exploring the host-parasite-vector relationship. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 132:104976. [PMID: 38056727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Horse pythiosis is considered an endemic disease in the Brazilian Pantanal region, causing devastating health and economic losses. This study aimed to enhance the understanding of pythiosis epidemiology, map the distribution of horse body lesions, and investigate the correlation between these lesions and warm body surface areas, potentially implicating hematophagous vectors in the disease's transmission. A prospective study was conducted on equids in the Pantanal Mato-grossense and adjacent areas from 2012 to 2022, with 112 horses and three mules diagnosed with pythiosis. Clinical and epidemiological data, lesions' photographic records, and healthy equids' thermal imaging were collected. Most pythiosis cases occurred between January and March, correlating with regional flood cycles. Most lesions were found on limbs and the ventral abdomen, with dark-colored horses exhibiting a higher frequency of lesions. Interestingly, the thermal mapping revealed that warm areas on a healthy horse's body overlapped significantly with lesion distribution - blood-sucking insects also prefer these areas. The results suggest that pythiosis lesions in horses correlate with warmer areas of the animal body, reinforcing the hypothesis of vector involvement in disease transmission. This study underscores the need for further observational research to fully understand the complex epidemiological dynamics of pythiosis in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E P Dos Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78069-900, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Erico S Loreto
- Sobresp Faculty of Health Sciences, Santa Maria, 97015-030, Brazil
| | - Régis A Zanette
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luis C Marques
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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Pippi B, Loreto ES, Merkel S, Joaquim AR, Krummenauer ME, Reginatto P, Vainstein MH, Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM, Santurio JM, Zanette RA. Pythium insidiosum: insights into biofilm formation and antibiofilm activity of antifungal drugs. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2603-2607. [PMID: 37702922 PMCID: PMC10689302 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the ability of Pythium insidiosum to form biofilms across various substrates and the antibiofilm efficacy of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives (8-HQs). Biofilms of P. insidiosum were cultured on polystyrene plates, contact lenses, and horsehair. We provide the first evidence of P. insidiosum's biofilm-forming capability, thus considerably expanding our understanding of its transmission and pathogenesis. Our results demonstrate that 8-HQs effectively inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate pre-existing biofilms, underscoring their potential as a novel treatment strategy for pythiosis, a disease currently lacking a gold-standard treatment. This finding has particular relevance for ocular pythiosis associated with contact lens usage and potential infection sources in animals. Our results contribute to the scientific knowledge base and directly impact innovative therapeutic interventions' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pippi
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - E S Loreto
- Sobresp Faculty of Health Sciences, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - S Merkel
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - A R Joaquim
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M E Krummenauer
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P Reginatto
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M H Vainstein
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S F Andrade
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A M Fuentefria
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R A Zanette
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Couto JCM, Vidal T, Decker ER, Santurio JM, Mello CF, Pillat MM. Use of recombinant S1 protein with hFc for analysis of SARS-CoV-2 adsorption and evaluation of drugs that inhibit entry into VERO E6 cells. Immunol Lett 2023; 263:105-112. [PMID: 37683695 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The significant number of deaths and infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has created an urgent demand for effective and readily available drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. However, the requirements for biosafety level 3 (NB-3) laboratories for experiments with the virus has made it very challenging for such research to meet this demand. It is known that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), located on the surface of host cells, serves as the viral receptor for the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. This protein is a tetramer subdivided into S1 and S2 regions, with the former containing the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Therefore, drugs that interfere with the interaction between the spike and the receptor (as well as accessory proteins) or suppress their expression could inhibit the entry and spread of SARS-CoV-2 between cells. In this context, we standardized the use of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein with hFc (human Fc) for the analysis of binding in VERO E6 cells by flow cytometry, aiming to provide a new tool for identifying drugs and neutralizing antibodies, thus eliminating the need for NB-3 laboratories. Because minocycline (MCL), nimesulide (NMS), and berberine (BBR) have effects related to the ACE2 receptor, inhibit inflammation, and do not suppress the adaptive immune response (crucial for patient recovery), we investigated whether these drugs prevent the absorption of the spike protein into the host cell. For this purpose, we used VERO E6 cells under control conditions, pre-treated with these drugs and exposed to recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein with hFC. We found that an exposure time of 30 min and a concentration of 10 μg/mL of spike S1 caused a strong signal detected by flow cytometry, using the secondary anti-hFc antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor 647. Pre-treatment of cells with BBR for 30 min suppressed the signal from spike-positive cells, suggesting that this alkaloid interferes with spike adsorption on ACE2. The pre-incubation of spike protein with BBR did not alter its adsorption and internalization, indicating that BBR does not directly interact with spike protein. The ACE2 inactivation with a specific antibody inhibited spike protein adsorption and internalization. Furthermore, the pharmacological treatments did not alter the expression of ACE2. Exposure to spike protein increased IFNγ levels and the treatments with MCL and NMS were effective in inhibiting this increase. Taken together, we standardized a technique for analyzing the adsorption of SARS-CoV-2 and studying molecules that inhibit this process. Additionally, we demonstrated that BBR blocks spike entry bypre-binding to the host cell,and that the ACE2 receptor inactivation prevents Spike protein adsorption and penetration into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Carla Martins Couto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Building 15B, Roraima Av. 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil.
| | - Taís Vidal
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Mello
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Building 15B, Roraima Av. 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
| | - Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Building 15B, Roraima Av. 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Pippi B, Zanette RA, Joaquim AR, Krummenauer ME, Merkel S, Reginatto P, Vainstein MH, Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM, Tondolo JSM, Loreto ÉS, Santurio JM. Clioquinol and 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonamide derivatives damage the cell wall of Pythium insidiosum. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 134:lxac038. [PMID: 36626785 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the antimicrobial activity and to determine the pharmacodynamic characteristics of three 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives (8-HQs) against Pythium insidiosum, the causative agent of pythiosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Antimicrobial activity was tested by broth microdilution and MTT assays. The antimicrobial mode of action was investigated using sorbitol protection assay, ergosterol binding assay, and scanning electron microscopy. Clioquinol, PH151, and PH153 were active against all isolates, with MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 2 µg ml-1. They also showed a time- and dose-dependent antimicrobial effect, damaging the P. insidiosum cell wall. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results reinforce the potential of 8-HQs for developing new drugs to treat pythiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pippi
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Régis A Zanette
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Angélica R Joaquim
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria E Krummenauer
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Merkel
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Reginatto
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilene H Vainstein
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Saulo F Andrade
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90010-150, RS, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Fuentefria
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90010-150, RS, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana S M Tondolo
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Érico S Loreto
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Rossato L, Venturini TP, de Azevedo MI, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In vitro activity of immunosuppressive agents against Cryptococcus neoformans. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2022; 40:86-88. [PMID: 35120653 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans are a major cause of fungal mortality in HIV-infected/AIDS patients and in those receiving organ transplants. We evaluated the in vitro activity of tacrolimus and cyclosporine in combination with amphotericin B and fluconazole against C. neoformans. METHODS MICs were determined against a total of 30 clinical isolates of C. neoformans by the microdilution method following the CLSI M27-A3 guidelines and by the checkerboard method. RESULTS Tacrolimus and cyclosporine A showed in vitro activity against cryptococcal isolates. The combination of amphotericin B with cyclosporine A or tacrolimus was synergistic against 90% and 30% of isolates, respectively. Synergism was also observed with the combination of fluconazole with cyclosporine A or tacrolimus, against 70% and 20% of isolates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic interactions between the calcineurin inhibitors and antifungal drugs against C. neoformans isolates, could potentially have a role in devising novel therapeutic strategies for this opportunistic mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Rossato
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tarcieli P Venturini
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel de Azevedo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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6
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Denardi LB, Weiblen C, Ianiski LB, Stibbe PC, Pinto SC, Santurio JM. Anti-Pythium insidiosum activity of MSI-78, LL-37, and magainin-2 antimicrobial peptides. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:509-512. [PMID: 35018604 PMCID: PMC8882752 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the anti-Pythium insidiosum activity of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) MSI-78, LL-37, and magainin-2. To detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), fourteen clinical strains were incubated with the AMPs following the CLSI M38-A2 protocol. All three AMPs showed antimicrobial activity with an MIC range of 20-80 mg/L against all strains. We concluded that the evaluated AMPs have great potential as anti-Pythium insidiosum agents, and their activity deserves to be more explored in further research. Antimicrobial peptides were tested against Pythium insidiosum, a microorganism that causes a difficult-to-treat disease in animals and humans. These peptides have been shown to be able to kill P. insidiosum and may be candidates for use in the treatment of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bedin Denardi
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil ,grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Carla Weiblen
- Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguay and the Missions (URI – Santiago), Santiago, RS Brazil
| | - Lara Baccarin Ianiski
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil ,grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Stibbe
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil ,grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Stefania Campos Pinto
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Janio M. Santurio
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil ,grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
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Pinto SC, Acunha TV, Santurio JM, Denardi LB, Iglesias BA. Investigation of powerful fungicidal activity of tetra-cationic platinum(II) and palladium(II) porphyrins by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy assays. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102550. [PMID: 34571273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports enhanced antimicrobial photoinactivation using tetra-cationic porphyrins with peripheral platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes against fungal dermatophyte strains. Six different positively charged porphyrins were used and applied in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy experiments (aPDT) against dermatophyte fungi colonies. The microbiological tests were conducted with an adequate concentration of photosensitizer (PS) under white-light irradiation for 120 min and the most effective PS meta isomer 3PtP significantly reduced the concentration of viable fungal colony. In this way, tetra-cationic porphyrins containing platinum(II)-bipyridyl complexes may be promising fungicidal aPDT agents with potential applications in future clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania C Pinto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia - LAPEMI, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago V Acunha
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos (LBMP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia - LAPEMI, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura B Denardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia - LAPEMI, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo A Iglesias
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos (LBMP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Armanini EH, Boiago MM, de Oliveira PV, Roscamp E, Strapazzon JV, de Lima AG, Copetti PM, Morsch VM, de Oliveira FC, Wagner R, Santurio JM, da Rosa G, Da Silva AS. Inclusion of a phytogenic bend in broiler diet as a performance enhancer and anti-aflatoxin agent: Impacts on health, performance, and meat quality. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:186-193. [PMID: 34000649 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether a phytogenic blend (PB), formulated based on organic acids, tannins, curcumin, and essential oils, could replace the antimicrobials commonly used as growth promoters in the poultry industry without compromising zootechnical performance, health, or meat quality. In addition, our goal was to report the anti-aflatoxin effect of this phytogenic blend. Four treatments were used: TC, or control; T250, T500, and T1000, representing test doses of 250, 500, 1000 mg PB/kg of feed, respectively, or a 34-day experiment (initial and growth phases). On day 22 of the study and age of the birds, 500 ppb of aflatoxin was included in the diet to represent an intestinal challenge and to evaluate the growth-promoting effects of PB. In the initial phase (up to 21 days), there were no differences between groups in weight gain, feed intake, or feed conversion. After adding an aflatoxin-contaminated feed, doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg minimized the adverse effects on feed consumption and feed conversion caused by aflatoxin; but 1000 mg/kg did not differ between groups. In birds that consumed PB (T250, T500, and T1000) compared to the control, there were the following changes: 1) lower counts of heterophiles, lymphocytes, and monocytes; 2) lower lipid peroxidation and high non-protein thiols levels in breast meat; 3) lower bacteria counts in broiler litter; and 4) lower ALT levels. Greater intestinal villus/crypt ratios were observed at T250 and T500. The dose of 250 mg/kg reduced saturated fatty acids and increased unsaturated fatty acids. The chemical-physical composition of the meat did not differ between treatments. The findings suggest that the addition of a PB has a high potential to improve performance for chickens in the growing stage and minimize the adverse effects of aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo H Armanini
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcel M Boiago
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vinícius de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Roscamp
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - João V Strapazzon
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Andressa G de Lima
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila M Copetti
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Science, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gilnéia da Rosa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Sperotto VR, Denardi LB, Weiblen C, de Jesus FPK, Dorneles MR, Ianiski LB, Santurio JM. Short communication: Algicide activity of antimicrobial peptides compounds against Prototheca bovis. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3554-3558. [PMID: 33455795 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro activity of antimicrobial peptides pexiganan (MSI-78), h-Lf1-11, LL-37, cecropin B, magainin-2, and fengycin B against the veterinary mastitis agent Prototheca bovis. The results showed that pexiganan, h-Lf1-11, LL-37, and cecropin B were able to inhibit the growth and had effect on algicide P. bovis isolates (n = 32). The minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 5 to 10 µg/mL for pexiganan, and algicide effect was detected from 5 to 20 µg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 10 to 80 µg/mL for h-Lf1-11, 20 to 80 µg/mL for LL-37, and 40 to 160 µg/mL for cecropin B. These findings present a promising and novel alternative for P. bovis treatment and growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Sperotto
- Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900; University of Cruz Alta, Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 98005-972.
| | - L B Denardi
- Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - C Weiblen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - F P K de Jesus
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - M R Dorneles
- University of Cruz Alta, Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 98005-972
| | - L B Ianiski
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, 97105-900; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - J M Santurio
- Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, 97105-900
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Tondolo JSM, Loreto ES, de Jesus FPK, Ledur PC, Verdi CM, Santurio JM. Immunotherapy based on Pythium insidiosum mycelia drives a Th1/Th17 response in mice. Med Mycol 2020; 58:1120-1125. [PMID: 32396166 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythium insidiosum is an oomycete that affects mammals, especially humans and horses, causing a difficult-to-treat disease. Typically, surgical interventions associated with antimicrobial therapy, immunotherapy, or both are the preferred treatment choices. PitiumVac® is a therapeutic vaccine prepared from the mycelial mass of P. insidiosum and is used to treat Brazilian equine pythiosis. To better understand how PitiumVac® works, we analyzed the composition of PitiumVac® and the immune response triggered by this immunotherapy in mice. We performed an enzymatic quantification that showed a total glucan content of 21.05% ± 0.94 (α-glucan, 6.37% ± 0.77 and (1,3)(1,6)-β-glucan, 14.68% ± 0.60) and mannose content of 1.39% ± 0.26; the protein content was 0.52 mg ml-1 ± 0.07 mg ml-1. Healthy Swiss mice (n = 3) were subcutaneously preimmunized with one, two, or three shots of PitiumVac®, and immunization promoted a relevant Th1 and Th17 responses compared to nonimmunization of mice. The highest cytokine levels were observed after the third immunization, principally for IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, and IL-10 levels. Results of infected untreated (Pythiosis) and infected treated (Pythiosis + PVAC) mice (n = 3) showed that PitiumVac® reinforces the Th1/Th17 response displayed by untreated mice. The (1,3)(1,6)-β-glucan content can be, at least in part, related to this Th1/Th17 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.,Sobresp Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico S Loreto
- Sobresp Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielli P K de Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline C Ledur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Camila M Verdi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
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11
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Rossato L, Venturini TP, de Azevedo MI, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In vitro activity of immunosuppressive agents against Cryptococcus neoformans. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 40:S0213-005X(20)30308-6. [PMID: 33160707 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans are a major cause of fungal mortality in HIV-infected/AIDS patients and in those receiving organ transplants. We evaluated the in vitro activity of tacrolimus and cyclosporine in combination with amphotericin B and fluconazole against C. neoformans. METHODS MICs were determined against a total of 30 clinical isolates of C. neoformans by the microdilution method following the CLSI M27-A3 guidelines and by the checkerboard method. RESULTS Tacrolimus and cyclosporine A showed in vitro activity against cryptococcal isolates. The combination of amphotericin B with cyclosporine A or tacrolimus was synergistic against 90% and 30% of isolates, respectively. Synergism was also observed with the combination of fluconazole with cyclosporine A or tacrolimus, against 70% and 20% of isolates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic interactions between the calcineurin inhibitors and antifungal drugs against C. neoformans isolates, could potentially have a role in devising novel therapeutic strategies for this opportunistic mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Rossato
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tarcieli P Venturini
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel de Azevedo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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12
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Ledur PC, Santurio JM. Cytoprotective effects of curcumin and silymarin on PK-15 cells exposed to ochratoxin A, fumonisin B 1 and deoxynivalenol. Toxicon 2020; 185:97-103. [PMID: 32622693 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungus which cause worldwide concern regarding food and feed safety. Ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are some of the main mycotoxins and oxidative stress is the main mechanism of toxicity. Thereby, this study investigates the in vitro cytoprotective effects of curcumin (CUR) and silymarin (SIL) - known for their strong antioxidant activity - in PK-15 cells exposed to OTA, FB1 and DON. Pretreatment with CUR and SIL enhanced the viability of cells exposed to the mycotoxins (P < 0.001) and attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by DON (P < 0.01), partially reduced ROS formation by FB1 (P < 0.001), but not OTA. CUR significantly decreased apoptosis in cells exposed to DON (P < 0.01) but was not able to prevent apoptosis in cells exposed to OTA and FB1. Whereas SIL was able to prevent apoptosis in PK-15 cells exposed to FB1 and DON (P < 0.01) but was not able to decrease apoptosis in cells exposed to OTA. In summary, these data indicate that curcumin and silymarin are able to provide cytoprotection against toxicity induced by OTA, FB1 and DON in PK-15 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Christ Ledur
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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13
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Spanamberg A, Ravazzolo AP, Denardi LB, Hartz SA, Santurio JM, Driemeier D, Ferreiro L. Antifungal susceptibility profile of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from avian lungs. Pesq Vet Bras 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Susceptibility testing is essential to inform the correct management of Aspergillus infections. In this study we present antifungal susceptibility profile of A. fumigatus isolates recovered from lungs of birds with and without aspergillosis. Fifty three isolates were tested for their antifungal susceptibility to voriconazole (VRC), itraconazole (ITZ), amphotericin (AMB) and caspofungin (CSP) using the M38-A2 broth microdilution reference method. Five isolates were resistant to more than one antifungal drug (CSP + AMB, VRC + ITZ and AMB + ITZ). Fifteen (28%) isolates with susceptible increased exposure (I) to ITZ were sensible to VRC. Resistance to AMB (>2μg/mL) was observed in only four isolates. Eleven (21%) A. fumigatus present resistance to ITZ (13%) and VRC (8%). Fungal isolation from respiratory samples has been regarded as being of limited usefulness in the ante mortem diagnosis of aspergillosis in birds. However, the results suggest that the detection and antifungal susceptibility profile may be helpful for monitoring of therapy for avian species and where antifungal resistance might be emerging and what conditions are associated to the event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Spanamberg
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laerte Ferreiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000
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14
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Schlemmer KB, Jesus FPK, Tondolo JSM, Weiblen C, Azevedo MI, Machado VS, Botton SA, Alves SH, Santurio JM. In vitro activity of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and thymol combined with antifungals against Malassezia pachydermatis. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:375-377. [PMID: 31455580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Malassezia pachydermatis is an important opportunistic agent of dermatitis and otitis in dogs. M. pachydermatis is generally treated with topical therapies using combinations of antifungal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. We investigated the in vitro activities of carvacrol (CRV), cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and thymol (THY) alone and in combination with antifungal agents (fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, terbinafine and nystatin) against M. pachydermatis. The assays were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), using Sabouraud dextrose broth and checkerboard microdilution. The mean fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed primary synergies for the combinations carvacrol+nystatin, thymol+nystatin, and carvacrol+miconazole (80%). In conclusion, the results obtained indicate that the phytochemicals tested showed relevant in vitro anti-M. pachydermatis activity. Future in vivo experiments are needed to elucidate the safety and therapeutic potential of these combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Schlemmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - F P K Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C Weiblen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M I Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - V S Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - S A Botton
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - S H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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15
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Stefanello JR, Piasentin FB, Tondolo JSM, Loreto ES, Dutra V, Alves SH, Santurio JM. In vitro assessment of antifungal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal drugs against clinical isolates of Conidiobolus lamprauges. Med Mycol 2019; 57:649-652. [PMID: 30289533 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined the in vitro activity of antifungal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal drugs alone and in combination against seven Conidiobolus lamprauges clinical isolates. The assays were based on the M38-A2 protocol and the checkerboard microdilution method. The lowest inhibitory concentrations were observed for amphotericin B, miconazole (MCZ), terbinafine, and miltefosine (MTF) (MIC range 0.25-1; 2-8; 0.25-2; 2-16 μg/ml, respectively). The main synergism observed was through the combination of azithromycin (AZI)+MTF and dapsone (DAP)+MTF (100%), AZI+DAP (85.7%), AZI+MCZ (57.1%) as well as MCZ plus CTX and DAP (42.9%). The in vitro activities suggest that the combination of MTF and AZI or DAP are promising candidate therapies for conidiobolomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josias R Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B Piasentin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Erico S Loreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
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16
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Loreto ES, Tondolo JSM, Santurio JM, Alves SH. Screening of antibacterial drugs for antimicrobial activity against Pythium insidiosum. Med Mycol 2019; 57:523-525. [PMID: 30929019 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested 25 isolates of Pythium insidiosum to investigate their susceptibility to antibacterial drugs that act through inhibition of protein synthesis or other mechanisms of action. We observed that tetracycline, erythromycin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, Synercid (quinupristin and dalfopristin), chloramphenicol, clindamycin, cetrimide, and crystal violet had inhibitory activity against P. insidiosum. Those in vitro results suggest that antibacterials that inhibit protein synthesis should be the primary antimicrobials investigated for the treatment of pythiosis in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico S Loreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Sobresp Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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17
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Ludwig A, de Jesus FPK, Dutra V, Cândido SL, Alves SH, Santurio JM. Susceptibility profile of Candida rugosa (Diutina rugosa) against antifungals and compounds of essential oils. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:154-157. [PMID: 30956064 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Candida rugosa (recently reclassified Diutina rugosa) is an emerging pathogen affecting humans and animals. Candida resistance to existing drugs is an important factor to be monitored, as well as the need of researching alternatives to conventional antifungals. Here, we evaluated the in vitro effects of some antifungals and major components of essential oils by the broth microdilution method (CLSI M27-A3) against fifteen C. rugosa strains from animals isolated and molecular identificated. The results showed MIC90 of: 0.125μg/mL to ketoconazole and voriconazole, 0.25μg/mL to micafungin, 0.5μg/mL to anidulafungin, 1μg/mL to caspofungin, 2μg/mL to amphotericin B, itraconazole and flucytosin, 8μg/mL to fluconazole, 16μg/mL to nystatin and >128μg/mL to terbinafine. The compounds carvacrol (MIC90 320μg/mL), thimol (MIC90 320μg/mL) and cinnamaldehyde (MIC90 160μg/mL) demonstrated antifungal activity against the samples tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ludwig
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus UFSM, Prédio 20, Sala 4139, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - F P K de Jesus
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus UFSM, Prédio 20, Sala 4139, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - V Dutra
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, 97105-900 Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - S L Cândido
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, 97105-900 Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - S H Alves
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus UFSM, Prédio 20, Sala 4139, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Rossato L, Loreto ES, Venturini TP, Azevedo MI, Al‐Hatmi AMS, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In vitro combination between antifungals and diphenyl diselenide against
Cryptococcus
species. Mycoses 2019; 62:508-512. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Rossato
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical SciencesHealth Sciences CentreFederal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Erico S. Loreto
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical SciencesHealth Sciences CentreFederal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Faculty of Health SciencesSobresp Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Tarcieli P. Venturini
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical SciencesHealth Sciences CentreFederal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Azevedo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary MedicineFederal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Abdullah M. S. Al‐Hatmi
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Utrecht The Netherlands
- Ministry of HealthDirectorate General of Health Services Ibri Oman
- Centre of Expertise in MycologyRadboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Janio M. Santurio
- Postgraduate Program in PharmacologyHealth Sciences CentreFederal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Sydney H. Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical SciencesHealth Sciences CentreFederal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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19
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Schlemmer KB, Jesus FPK, Loreto ÉS, Tondolo JSM, Ledur PC, Dallabrida A, da Silva TM, Kommers GD, Alves SH, Santurio JM. An experimental murine model of otitis and dermatitis caused by Malassezia pachydermatis. Mycoses 2018; 61:954-958. [PMID: 30106183 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a malasseziosis model in immunocompromised Swiss mice. For this model, the mice were immunosuppressed with a combination of cyclophosphamide at 150 mg/kg and hydrocortisone acetate at 250 mg/kg. Two groups were formed according to the site of inoculation. Dermatitis group received an intradermal injection of 5 × 106 cell/mouse at a shaved dorsal region, while the otitis group received the same inoculum in the middle ear. Five animals/group were euthanised at different times, and the skin and ear were histopathologically analysed. During the first euthanasia, which occurred after inoculation, microscopic examination showed that all mice presented budding yeast-like in a tissue sample. The presence of yeasts decreased over time being undetected on the 17th day (dermatitis group) and the 21st day (otitis group) after inoculation. This is the first murine model for malasseziosis that can be useful for evaluating new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine B Schlemmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Francielli P K Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Érico S Loreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Juliana S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Pauline C Ledur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Andressa Dallabrida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Taiara M da Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Glaucia D Kommers
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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20
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Schlemmer KB, de Jesus FPK, Loreto ES, Farias JB, Alves SH, Ferreiro L, Santurio JM. In vitro combination of antifungal agents against Malassezia pachydermatis. Med Mycol 2018; 57:324-327. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karine B Schlemmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielli P K de Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico S Loreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia B Farias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Laerte Ferreiro
- Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Baldissera MD, Müller LKF, Souza CF, Santurio JM, Gloria EM, Machado G, Boiago MM, Paiano D, da Silva AS. Creatine kinase and ATPase activities in piglets fed a fungal mycotoxin co-contaminated diet: Consequences in the pathogenesis of subclinical intoxication. Microb Pathog 2018; 122:13-18. [PMID: 29852206 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) activity, through the creatine-kinase-phosphocreatine (CK/PCr) system, provides a temporal and spatial energy buffer to maintain cellular energetic homeostasis, being responsible to provide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the proper function of ATPases enzymes, such as the sodium-potassium (Na+, K+-ATPase) and hydrogen (H+-ATPase) pumps. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of CK/PCr system in the impairment of energetic homeostasis in piglets fed with a diet co-contaminated with mycotoxins, as well as the effects on ATPases enzymes. Animals were randomly divided in two groups (eight repetitions with two animals each): CON (basal diet) and MYC (mycotoxin diet; 9300 μg/kg of aflatoxins and 8000 μg/kg of fumonisins) which were feed during 15 days. Piglets that received a diet containing 300 μg/kg of aflatoxins and 8000 μg/kg of fumonisins (MYC group) presented lower body weight on days 10 and 15 of experiment when compared to control (CON group). Serum CK activity was lower on days 5, 10 and 15 of experiment in the MYC group. The same occurred for serum Na+, K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activities on days 10 and 15 when compared to CON group. Moreover, serum calcium levels were superior on day 15 of experiment in the MYC group, while serum potassium and sodium levels were lower in comparison to CON group. Based on these evidences, a diet co-contaminated by aflatoxins and fumonisins inhibits serum CK activity, impairing the energetic homeostasis. This inhibition alters the activities of ATPases (Na+, K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase), contributing to the imbalance of Na+, K+ and Ca+ ionic levels. In summary, the cascade of alterations contributes directly to disease pathogenesis of piglets intoxicated by mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucieli K F Müller
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Carine F Souza
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Machado
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University, Raleigh, EUA, United States
| | - Marcel M Boiago
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diovani Paiano
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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22
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Loreto ES, Tondolo JSM, Oliveira DC, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In Vitro Activities of Miltefosine and Antibacterial Agents from the Macrolide, Oxazolidinone, and Pleuromutilin Classes against Pythium insidiosum and Pythium aphanidermatum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e01678-17. [PMID: 29311087 PMCID: PMC5826131 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01678-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested 29 isolates of Pythium insidiosum and one isolate of Pythium aphanidermatum to investigate their susceptibility to miltefosine and antibacterial drugs from the macrolide, oxazolidinone, and pleuromutilin classes. We found that miltefosine, azithromycin, clarithromycin, josamycin, linezolid, sutezolid, retapamulin, tiamulin, and valnemulin had inhibitory and cidal activity against the pathogens at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 64 μg/ml. Our results suggest that these antimicrobials are promising candidates for future studies on pythiosis in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico S Loreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Sobresp Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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23
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de Azevedo MI, Da Silva AS, Ferreiro L, Doleski PH, Tonin AA, Casali EA, Moritz CE, Schirmbeck GH, Cardoso VV, Flores MM, Fighera R, Santurio JM. Serum and brain purine levels in an experimental systemic infection of mice by Cryptococcus neoformans : Purinergic immunomodulatory effects. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:124-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ledur PC, Tondolo JSM, Jesus FPK, Verdi CM, Loreto ÉS, Alves SH, Santurio JM. Dendritic cells pulsed with Pythium insidiosum (1,3)(1,6)-β-glucan, Heat-inactivated zoospores and immunotherapy prime naïve T cells to Th1 differentiation in vitro. Immunobiology 2017; 223:294-299. [PMID: 29074300 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pythiosis is a life-threatening disease caused by the fungus-like microorganism Pythium insidiosum that can lead to death if not treated. Since P. insidiosum has particular cell wall characteristics, pythiosis is difficult to treat, as it does not respond well to traditional antifungal drugs. In our study, we investigated a new immunotherapeutic approach with potential use in treatment and in the acquisition of immunity against pythiosis. Dendritic cells from both human and mouse, pulsed with P. insidiosum heat-inactivated zoospore, (1,3)(1,6)-β-glucan and the immunotherapeutic PitiumVac® efficiently induced naïve T cell differentiation in a Th1 phenotype by the activation of specific Th1 cytokine production in vitro. Heat-inactivated zoospores showed the greatest Th1 response among the tested groups, with a significant increase in IL-6 and IFN-γ production in human cells. In mice cells, we also observed a Th17 pathway induction, with an increase on the IL-17A levels in lymphocytes cultured with β-glucan pulsed DCs. These results suggest a potential use of DCs pulsed with P. insidiosum antigens as a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment and acquisition of immunity against pythiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline C Ledur
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Juliana S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Francielli P K Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila M Verdi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Érico S Loreto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Orgânica, Laboratório de Processos Tecnológicos e Catálise, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Verdi CM, Jesus FPK, Kommers G, Ledur PC, Azevedo MI, Loreto ES, Tondolo JSM, Andrade ENC, Schlemmer KB, Alves SH, Santurio JM. Embryonated chicken eggs: An experimental model for Pythium insidiosum infection. Mycoses 2017; 61:104-110. [PMID: 28972292 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pythiosis is a severe disease caused by Pythium insidiosum. Currently, the research on the treatment of pythiosis uses rabbits as an experimental infection model. To reduce the use of animals in scientific experimentation, alternative models are increasingly necessary options. The objective of this study was to establish a new experimental infection model for pythiosis using embryonated chicken eggs. First, we tested the inoculation of 4 zoospore concentrations into the egg allantoic cavity at 3 embryonic days. We observed that increased zoospore concentration causes a decrease in survival time, and at a later embryonic day (the 14th) of infection, embryos showed delayed mortality. To confirm the reproducibility of the model, we chose the 14th embryonic day for the inoculation of 50 zoospores/egg, and the experiment was repeated twice. Mortality began with 30% embryos 48 hours after inoculation, and 95% embryos died within 72 hours. There was no mortality in the uninfected control group. The infection was confirmed by culture, PCR and histopathology. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of hyphae in blood vessels in the umbilical cords in 95% of embryos and only 1 liver (5%). Our results suggest that embryonated eggs can be a very useful alternative infection model to study pythiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Verdi
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Francielli P K Jesus
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Kommers
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Pauline C Ledur
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maria I Azevedo
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Erico S Loreto
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Juliana S M Tondolo
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Eduardo N C Andrade
- Graduando em Medicina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Karine B Schlemmer
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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26
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Grando TH, Baldissera MD, de Sá MF, do Carmo GM, Porto BCZ, Aguirre GSV, Azevedo MI, de Jesus FPK, Santurio JM, Sagrillo MR, Stefani LM, Monteiro SG. Avian antibodies (IgY) against Trypanosoma cruzi: Purification and characterization studies. J Immunol Methods 2017; 449:56-61. [PMID: 28697990 PMCID: PMC7126890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a flagellated protozoan belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Currently, there is neither a licensed vaccine nor effective treatment, characterizing an unmet clinical need. The IgY refers to the egg yolk immunoglobulin (Y=yolk) and its production and use are subjects of many studies due to the diversity of its diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Several researchers have shown that the use of specific IgY may prevent and/or control infectious and parasitic diseases. Based on these evidences, the aim of this study was to immunize chickens with trypomastigotes of T. cruzi in order to produce highly effective and pure antibodies (IgY), as well as extract, characterize, quantify, and verify cytotoxic effects of IgY anti-T. cruzi. After the induction of IgY production by chickens, the eggs were collected and the IgY was extracted by method of precipitation of polyethylene glycol 6000. The IgY anti-T. cruzi characterization was performed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western-blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the cytotoxic or proliferative effects of IgY anti-T. cruzi was verified by MTT assay. The concentration of IgY in yolk was 8.41±1.47mg/mL. The characterization of IgY reveled bands of stained peptides with molecular weight between 75 and 50kDa and 37 and 25kDa. In the ELISA test was observed that there was antigen-antibody reaction throughout the sample period. The concentrations of 1, 5 and 10mg/mL of IgY anti-T. cruzi presented no cytotoxic of proliferative effects in mononuclear and VERO cells in vitro. The results indicated that T. cruzi is able to generate a high production of specific immunoglobulins in chickens, it did not cause damage to the cell membrane and no proliferative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirssa H Grando
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariângela F de Sá
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M do Carmo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bianca Carolina Z Porto
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele S V Aguirre
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Azevedo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francielli P K de Jesus
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michele R Sagrillo
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenita Moura Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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27
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Müller LK, da Silva AS, Baldissera MD, Santurio JM, Glombowsky P, Gugel J, Campigotto G, Gloria EM, Paiano D, Machado G. Effects of supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma on blood variables on piglets feed with diet contaminated by mycotoxins. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:464-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Tondolo JSM, Loreto ÉS, Ledur PC, Jesus FPK, Silva TM, Kommers GD, Alves SH, Santurio JM. Chemically induced disseminated pythiosis in BALB/c mice: A new experimental model for Pythium insidiosum infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177868. [PMID: 28542438 PMCID: PMC5438141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pythiosis is a severe and life-threatening disease that affects humans and various animal species. We report a model of vascular/disseminated pythiosis occurring after subcutaneous inoculation of 2 x 104Pythium insidiosum zoospores/mL in immunocompromised BALB/c mice. For this model, we carried out two rounds of experiments. First, we evaluated two protocols of immunosuppression before inoculation: cyclophosphamide at 150 mg/kg (CYP group) and cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg plus hydrocortisone acetate at 250 mg/kg (CYP+HCA group). It was not possible to obtain mortality in the CYP group; however, the combination of CYP+HCA altered disease outcomes, with mortality rates reaching 60%. Second, we used the CYP+HCA immunosuppression protocol to analyze the histological and immunological statuses triggered by disease. When we inoculated immunocompetent mice with P. insidiosum zoospores, self-healing occurred via increased levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17A, which are characteristic of the Th1/Th17 cytokine response. For infected and immunosuppressed mice, the cytokine profiles showed high levels of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α. Increased IL-10 values are related to fungal infection susceptibility and led us to speculate that infection may be established through suppression of the host immune response. In addition, histopathological evaluation of the kidneys and liver demonstrated the presence of hyphae and the cellular findings suggested an acute vascular inflammation that mimics vascular/disseminated pythiosis in humans. This is the first murine model for pythiosis that is useful both for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease and for evaluating new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S. M. Tondolo
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Érico S. Loreto
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline C. Ledur
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielli P. K. Jesus
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Orgânica, Laboratório de Processos Tecnológicos e Catálise, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Taiara M. Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Glaucia D. Kommers
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H. Alves
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M. Santurio
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Zambrano CG, Fonseca AO, Valente JS, Braga CQ, Sallis ES, Azevedo MI, Weiblen C, Santurio JM, Botton SA, Pereira DIB. Isolamento e caracterização de espécies de Pythium de ambientes aquáticos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e avaliação da patogenicidade em modelo experimental. Pesq Vet Bras 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Foram coletadas 186 amostras de água de ambientes pantanosos em 13 municípios das regiões Sul, Central e Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com o objetivo de isolar e caracterizar espécies de Pythium e avaliar a sua patogenicidade empregando coelhos como modelo experimental. Em 11,8% (n=22) das águas coletadas foram isoladas diferentes espécies de Pythium incluindo: P. insidiosum (n=1), P. catenulatum (n=3), P. pachycaule voucher (n=1), P. rhizo-oryzae (n=3), P. torulosum (n=4) e Pythium spp. (n=10). Zoósporos desses micro-organismos foram produzidos in vitro e inoculados por via subcutânea em coelhos, os quais foram avaliados durante 45 dias. Dentre os oomicetos testados, apenas P. insidiosum evidenciou patogenicidade, causando pitiose no modelo experimental, evidenciando que, em nossas condições, apenas esta espécie de Pythium é patógena para mamíferos.
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Konradt G, Bassuino DM, Bianchi MV, Castro L, Caprioli RA, Pavarini SP, Santurio JM, Azevedo MI, Jesus FP, Driemeier D. Cutaneous Pythiosis in calves: An epidemiologic, pathologic, serologic and molecular characterization. Med Mycol Case Rep 2016; 14:24-26. [PMID: 28050341 PMCID: PMC5192245 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the epidemiological, pathological and mycological findings of cutaneous pythiosis in cattle in southern Brazil. 23 calves, that were kept next to a river with extensive marshy regions, presented ulcerated cutaneous lesions in thoracic and pelvic limbs, sometimes extending to the ventral thoracic region. Histopathological examination revealed multifocal pyogranulomas in the superficial and deep dermis. The Grocott-Methenamine silver, immunohistochemistry anti-Pythium insidiosum, ELISA serology and molecular characterization demonstrated the agent P. insidiosum in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Konradt
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele Mariath Bassuino
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus Viezzer Bianchi
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Lismara Castro
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Albuquerque Caprioli
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas (LAPEMI) - Dept. Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Azevedo
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas (LAPEMI) - Dept. Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielli P Jesus
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas (LAPEMI) - Dept. Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
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de Azevedo MI, Ferreiro L, Da Silva AS, Tonin AA, Monteiro DU, Casali EA, Moritz CE, Schirmbeck GH, Cardoso VV, Flores MM, Fighera R, Stefani LM, Santurio JM. Participation of purines in the modulation of inflammatory response in rats experimentally infected by Cryptococcus neoformans. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Intaramat A, Sornprachum T, Chantrathonkul B, Chaisuriya P, Lohnoo T, Yingyong W, Jongruja N, Kumsang Y, Sandee A, Chaiprasert A, Banyong R, Santurio JM, Grooters AM, Ratanabanangkoon K, Krajaejun T. Protein A/G-based immunochromatographic test for serodiagnosis of pythiosis in human and animal subjects from Asia and Americas. Med Mycol 2016; 54:641-7. [PMID: 27118800 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease of both humans and animals living in Asia, Americas, Africa, and parts of Australia and New Zealand. The etiologic pathogen is the fungus-like organism Pythium insidiosum The disease has high mortality and morbidity rates. Use of antifungal drugs are ineffective against P. insidiosum, leaving radical surgery the main treatment option. Prompt treatment leads to better prognosis of affected individuals, and could be achieved by early and accurate diagnosis. Since pythiosis has been increasingly reported worldwide, there is a need for a rapid, user-friendly, and efficient test that facilitates the diagnosis of the disease. This study aims to develop an immunochromatographic test (ICT), using the bacterial protein A/G, to detect anti-P. insidiosum IgGs in humans and animals, and compare its diagnostic performance with the established ELISA. Eighty-five serum samples from 28 patients, 24 dogs, 12 horses, 12 rabbits, and 9 cattle with pythiosis, and 143 serum samples from 80 human and 63 animal subjects in a healthy condition, with thalassemia, or with other fungal infections, were recruited for assay evaluation. Detection specificities of ELISA and ICT were 100.0%. While the detection sensitivity of ELISA was 98.8%, that of ICT was 90.6%. Most pythiosis sera, that were falsely read negative by ICT, were weakly positive by ELISA. In conclusion, a protein A/G-based ICT is a rapid, user-friendly, and efficient assay for serodiagnosis of pythiosis in humans and animals. Compared to ELISA, ICT has an equivalent detection specificity and a slightly lower detection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akarin Intaramat
- Laboratory of Immunology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Papada Chaisuriya
- Laboratory of Immunology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tassanee Lohnoo
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanta Yingyong
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nujarin Jongruja
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yothin Kumsang
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alisa Sandee
- Laboratory of Immunology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana Chaiprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ramrada Banyong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Amy M Grooters
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kavi Ratanabanangkoon
- Laboratory of Immunology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theerapong Krajaejun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rossato L, Loreto ÉS, Zanette RA, Chassot F, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In vitro synergistic effects of chlorpromazine and sertraline in combination with amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 61:399-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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de Azevedo MI, Ferreiro L, Da Silva AS, Tonin AA, Thorstenberg ML, Catilhos LG, França RT, Leal DBR, Duarte MMMF, Lopes STA, Sangoi MB, Moresco RN, Fighera R, Santurio JM. Cholinesterase of rats experimentally infected by Cryptococcus neoformans: Relationship between inflammatory response and pathological findings. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:851-7. [PMID: 26376950 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the role of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as biomarkers of inflammation and tissue injury on rats experimentally infected by Cryptococcus neoformans. For this purpose, 20 male rats were divided into two groups: 10 animals representing the uninfected control group (Group A) and 10 C. neoformans var. grubii infected animals (Group B). Blood and brain samples were collected on days 10 (A10 and B10), and 30 (A30 and B30) post-infection (PI) for hematological analyses; AChE (in lymphocytes and brain) and seric BChE activity; interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10); nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels; and markers of protein oxidation (AOPP) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). As a result, when animals of Group A were compared to animals of Group B, it was observed leukocytosis (P<0.05) on day 10 PI; AChE activity increase (P<0.05) in lymphocytes (day 30 PI) and in brain (days 10 and 30 PI); BChE activity decrease (P<0.05) on day 10 PI; IL-1 and IL-6 increase (P<0.01) in both periods, while IL-10 had reduced levels (P<0.01) in the same periods; NOx levels increased (P<0.05) significantly on days 10 and 30 PI, while AOPP and TBARS levels increased significantly on day 30 PI; as well as pneumonia on infected rats. Therefore, based on the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that AChE and BChE behavior lead to a proinflammatory reaction evidenced by the enhancement of IL-1, IL-6, and NOx throughout the experiment associated with reduction on IL-10 levels, and cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel de Azevedo
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Patologia e Clinica Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Laerte Ferreiro
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Patologia e Clinica Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre A Tonin
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Xanxerê, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Thorstenberg
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Livia Gelain Catilhos
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Raqueli T França
- Departamento de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela B R Leal
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia T A Lopes
- Departamento de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Manuela B Sangoi
- Departamento de Analises Clínicas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Moresco
- Departamento de Analises Clínicas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fighera
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Rossato L, Loreto ÉS, Venturini TP, Azevedo MI, Weiblen C, Botton SA, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In vitro interaction of antifungal and antibacterial drugs against Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii before and after capsular induction. Med Mycol 2015; 53:885-9. [PMID: 26333356 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the synergistic interactions between amphotericin B (AMB) and azithromycin (AZM), daptomycin (DAP), linezolid (LNZ), minocycline (MINO), fluconazole (FLZ), flucytosine (5FC), linezolid (LZD), or tigecycline (TIG) against clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii before and after capsule induction. High synergism (>75%) was observed for the combinations, AMB+5FC, AMB+TIG, AMB+AZM, AMB+LZD and AMB+MINO but only in the strains after capsule induction. The results show that the presence of the capsule may lower the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antifungal agents, but antimicrobial activity can be improved by combining antifungal and antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Rossato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Érico S Loreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Tarcieli P Venturini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Maria I Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Carla Weiblen
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Sonia A Botton
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Soares IH, Loreto ÉS, Rossato L, Mario DN, Venturini TP, Baldissera F, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In vitro activity of essential oils extracted from condiments against fluconazole-resistant and -sensitive Candida glabrata. J Mycol Med 2015; 25:213-7. [PMID: 26281965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the antifungal activity of essential oils obtained from Origanum vulgare (oregano), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Salvia officinalis (sage), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Ocimum basilicum (basil) and Zingiber officinale (ginger) were assessed against Candida glabrata isolates. One group contained 30 fluconazole-susceptible C. glabrata isolates, and the second group contained fluconazole-resistant isolates derived from the first group after the in vitro induction of fluconazole-resistance, for a total of 60 tested isolates. The broth microdilution methodology was used. Concentrations of 50μg/mL, 100μg/mL, 200μg/mL, 400μg/mL, 800μg/mL, 1600μg/mL and 3200μg/mL of the essential oils were used, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. Thyme, sage, rosemary, basil and ginger essential oils showed no antifungal activity at the tested concentrations. Antimicrobial activity less than or equal to 3200μg/mL was observed for oregano, Mexican oregano and cinnamon essential oils. Both the oregano and Mexican oregano essential oils showed high levels of antifungal activity against the fluconazole-susceptible C. glabrata group, whereas the cinnamon essential oil showed the best antifungal activity against the fluconazole-resistant C. glabrata isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Soares
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - É S Loreto
- Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - L Rossato
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - D N Mario
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Meridional Faculty, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - T P Venturini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - F Baldissera
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - S H Alves
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Bernardo FD, Conhizak C, Ambrosini F, Jesus FPD, Santurio JM, Kommers GD, Elias F, Franciscato C. Pythiosis in sheep from Paraná, southern Brazil. Pesq Vet Bras 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: This paper reports pythiosis in a sheep from southwestern Paraná, Brazil, confirmed by indirect ELISA (Enzime-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and immunohistochemistry, as well as it describes the macro and microscopic injuries, in order to understand the pathogenicity. A 4-year-old ewe from a flock of 30 Santa Inês sheep, raised semi-extensively with access to a weir, showed cachexia, bilateral enlargement in nasal region, a serous and bloody secretion with a fetid odor from its nose and swollen submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Blood collection was performed trough jugular vein puncture in order to make complete blood cell count (CBC) and to obtain serum for the subsequent serological examination. As the hematological counts were within the normal range for sheep, the animal was euthanized and submitted to necropsy. Indirect ELISA resulted positive for pythiosis. Necropsy revealed necrosis of the hard palate with a diameter of 3.5cm and extending up to the nasal cavity, forming a fistula. Submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were enlarged and edematous on section. Microscopic findings for submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes consisted in moderate infiltration of eosinophils mainly in the subcapsular sinus, characterizing reactive eosinophilic lymphadenitis. The nasal cavity revealed rhinitis and oral cavity stomatitis with necro-eosinophilic and pronounced multifocal granulomatous infiltration and presence of hyphae. Hyphae found in palate and nasal cavity were positive for Pythium insidiosum by Grocott's method and immunohistochemistry, the last one considered to be confirmatory for the pathogen diagnostic. This report has an important epidemiological aspect, as it is the first case of pythiosis in sheep confirmed by serology in South Brazil and an alert of possible infection by the pathogen in floodplains.
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Santos ERD, Dal Forno CF, Hernandez MG, Kubiça TF, Venturini TP, Chassot F, Santurio JM, Alves SH. Susceptibility of Candida spp. isolated from blood cultures as evaluated using the M27-A3 and new M27-S4 approved breakpoints. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2015; 56:477-82. [PMID: 25351540 PMCID: PMC4296866 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rates associated with candidemia episodes and the
emergence of resistance to antifungal agents necessitate the monitoring of the
susceptibility of fungal isolates to antifungal treatments. The new, recently
approved, species-specific clinical breakpoints
(SS-CBPs)(M27-S4) for evaluating susceptibility require
careful interpretation and comparison with the former proposals made using the
M27-A3 breakpoints, both from CLSI. This study evaluated the susceptibility of
the different species of Candida that were isolated from
candidemias based on these two clinical breakpoints. Four hundred and twenty-two
isolates were identified and, among them, C. parapsilosis
comprised 46.68%, followed by C. albicans
(35.78%), C. tropicalis (9.71%),
C. glabrata (3.55%), C.
lusitaniae (1.65%), C.
guilliermondii (1.65%) and C.
krusei (0.94%). In accordance with the M27-A3
criteria, 33 (7.81%) non-susceptible isolates were identified, of
which 16 (3.79%) were resistant to antifungal agents. According
to SS-CBPs, 80 (18.95%) isolates were non-susceptible, and 10
(2.36%) of these were drug resistant. When the total number of
non-susceptible isolates was considered, the new SS-CBPs detected 2.4 times the
number of isolates that were detected using the M27-A3 interpretative criteria.
In conclusion, the detection of an elevated number of non-susceptible species
has highlighted the relevance of evaluating susceptibility tests using new,
species-specific clinical breakpoints (SS-CBPs), which could impact
the profile of non-susceptible Candida spp. to antifungal
agents that require continuous susceptibility monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edileusa Rosa dos Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Mari Glei Hernandez
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaís Felli Kubiça
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tarcieli P Venturini
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Chassot
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney Hartz Alves
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Zanette RA, Bitencourt PER, Kontoyiannis DP, Fighera RA, Flores MM, Kommers GD, Silva PS, Ludwig A, Moretto MB, Alves SH, Santurio JM. Complex interaction of deferasirox and Pythium insidiosum: iron-dependent attenuation of growth in vitro and immunotherapy-like enhancement of immune responses in vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118932. [PMID: 25738758 PMCID: PMC4349436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythium insidiosum iron acquisition mechanisms are unknown. We previously showed that the iron chelator deferasirox had weak activity in vitro and in rabbits with experimental pythiosis. Here we show that deferasirox causes damage to P. insidiosum hyphae in vitro, but that activity is diminished in the presence of exogenous iron. The tissue activity of the proinflammatory enzyme adenosine deaminase and the histological pattern observed in pythiosis lesions of rabbits treated with deferasirox were similar to the ones in animals treated with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis A. Zanette
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula E. R. Bitencourt
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rafael A. Fighera
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Flores
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Glaucia D. Kommers
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila S. Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Ludwig
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria B. Moretto
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H. Alves
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M. Santurio
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Zimmermann CEP, Cruz IBM, Cadoná FC, Machado AK, Assmann C, Schlemmer KB, Zanette RA, Leal DBR, Santurio JM. Cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of β-glucans against aflatoxin B₁-induced DNA damage in broiler chicken lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:538-43. [PMID: 25615424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide β-glucan presents beneficial effects on the immune system, although the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect remain poorly understood. The potential cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of β-glucans were evaluated in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to increasing concentrations of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and/or β-glucans. AFB₁ significantly decreased cell viability at the concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/ml at 72 h of incubation (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, the AFB₁ concentrations of 1, 10 and 20 μg/ml increased DNA fragmentation levels at 24 h (p<0.001). Conversely, lymphocyte death was prevented by β-glucans at the concentrations of 1% and 10%, indicating a cytoprotective effect. Reactive oxygen species levels were increased in the cells treated with 20 μg/ml AFB₁ at 24 h (p<0.05) and 10% β-glucans with or without AFB₁ at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation (p<0.001). DNA damage increased by more than 100% in AFB₁-treated lymphocytes when compared to control group. β-glucans at 1% was able to fully revert the AFB₁-induced lymphocyte DNA damage, indicating a genoprotective effect and maintaining DNA integrity. In conclusion, β-glucans showed in vitro dose-dependent cytoprotective and genoprotective effects in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to AFB₁.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E P Zimmermann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - I B M Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - F C Cadoná
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A K Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C Assmann
- Laboratório de Biogenômica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - K B Schlemmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R A Zanette
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - D B R Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Lautert C, Ferreiro L, Zimmermann CE, Castilhos LG, Jesus FPD, Zanette RA, Leal DB, Santurio JM. Efeitos in vitro de ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona sobre a viabilidade celular e atividade de E-ADA em linfócitos de frangos de corte. Pesq Vet Bras 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014001200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Micotoxinas representam um vasto grupo de contaminantes químicos naturais originados a partir do metabolismo secundário de fungos filamentosos patogênicos. Elas são produzidas, principalmente, pelos gêneros Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus e Penicillium, os quais podem contaminar grãos e cereais, como trigo, milho e soja. Conforme sua natureza e níveis de concentração, micotoxinas podem induzir efeitos tóxicos em animais de produção e humanos. Um estudo in vitro foi realizado para avaliar a susceptibilidade das células linfocitárias de frangos de corte a diferentes concentrações de ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona. Cada micotoxina foi adicionada ao meio celular em diferentes concentrações (0,001; 0,01; 0,1 e 1μg/mL). A viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase foram analisadas em 24, 48 e 72 horas através de ensaios colorimétricos. Para isso, foram utilizados 0,7x10(5) linfócitos/mL em meio RPMI 1640, suplementado com 10% de soro fetal bovino e 2,5 UI de penicilina/estreptomicina por mL, incubados em atmosfera de 5% de CO2 a 37 °C. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em triplicata e os resultados foram expressos como média e erro padrão da média. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que tanto ocratoxina A como deoxinivalenol induziram proliferação linfocitária e baixa atividade enzimática in vitro (P<0,05), enquanto zearalenona também induziu proliferação (P<0,05), mas nenhuma alteração na atividade enzimática (P>0,05). Foi possível correlacionar os dados referentes à viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase, sugerindo que, em concentrações mínimas, as micotoxinas testadas não estimularam a atividade da enzima, que possui ação pró-inflamatória e contribui para o processo de imunossupressão e, portanto, evitando um decréscimo na viabilidade celular. Este é o primeiro estudo feito com OCRA, DON e ZEA sobre linfócitos de frangos de corte em cultivos in vitro na avaliação desses parâmetros.
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Azevedo MID, Ferreiro L, Da Silva AS, Tonin AA, Ruchel JB, Rezer JF, França RT, Zimmermann CE, Leal DB, Duarte MM, Lopes ST, Flores MM, Fighera R, Santurio JM. E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities in rats experimental infected by Cryptococcus neoformans. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:206-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lautert C, Ferreiro L, Wolkmer P, Paim FC, da Silva CB, Jaques JAS, Lopes STA, Santurio JM. Individual in vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase in lymphocytes of broiler chickens. Springerplus 2014; 3:506. [PMID: 25279298 PMCID: PMC4169786 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of consumer food and animal feed with toxigenic fungi has resulted in economic losses worldwide in animal industries. Mycotoxins are highly biologically reactive secondary metabolites and can inhibit protein synthesis and cell multiplication. Considering the cytotoxicity of mycotoxins, this experiment was performed to determine the in vitro influence of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on lipid peroxidation in lymphocytes of broiler chickens at different concentrations. This study has also evaluated whether the presence of these mycotoxins changes the acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes, which is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Blood lymphocytes of broiler chickens were isolated through density gradient centrifugation and incubated with the respective mycotoxins at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL. Lipid peroxidation, which was evaluated through the amount of malondialdehyde measured in a thiobarbituric acid-reactive species test, and the enzymatic activity were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h. Results of the lipid peroxidation evaluation showed an increasing cytotoxicity relation: ochratoxin A > deoxynivalenol > zearalenone. Conversely, cytotoxicity was valued as zearalenone > deoxynivalenol > ochratoxin A in relation to the acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity. At a concentration of 1 μg/mL, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol induced the highest cellular oxidative stress levels and the highest enzymatic activity at the majority of time points. However, the same mycotoxins, except at 1 μg/mL concentration, induced a reduction of lymphocytic lipid peroxidation 72 h after incubation, suggesting the action of a compensatory mechanism in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lautert
- />Setor de Micologia, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS Brasil
| | - Laerte Ferreiro
- />Setor de Micologia, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS Brasil
| | - Patrícia Wolkmer
- />Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), Campus Universitário Dr. Ulysses Guimarães - Rodovia Municipal Jacob Della Méa, Km 5.6, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS Brasil
| | - Francine C Paim
- />Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinário (LACVET), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brasil
| | - Cássia B da Silva
- />Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinário (LACVET), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brasil
| | - Jeandre AS Jaques
- />Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS Brasil
| | - Sônia TA Lopes
- />Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinário (LACVET), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brasil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- />Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas (LAPEMI), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brasil
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Zimmermann CEP, Machado AK, Cadoná FC, Jaques JAS, Schlemmer KB, Lautert C, Cruz IBM, Zanette RA, Leal DBR, Santurio JM. In-vitro cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 to broiler lymphocytes of broiler chickens. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1603307-312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - AK Machado
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - FC Cadoná
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - JAS Jaques
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - C Lautert
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - IBM Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - RA Zanette
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - DBR Leal
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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Loreto &ES, Tondolo JSM, Zanette RA, Alves SH, Santurio JM. Update on pythiosis immunobiology and immunotherapy. World J Immunol 2014; 4:88-97. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v4.i2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pythiosis is an invasive, ulcerative, pyogranulomatous disease caused by Pythium insidiosum, a fungus-like oomycete that has been reported to affect humans, horses, dogs, and other mammals mainly in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The disease is characterized by an eosinophilic granulomatous and a Th2 immune response which in turn helps to protect the fungus from the host cells. Pythiosis can present clinically in subcutaneous, gastrointestinal, and vascular tissues or in a systemically disseminated form depending on the species and site of infection. Changes in iron metabolism and anemia are commonly observed. The diagnosis is accomplished through clinical and pathological features, laboratory characteristics of cultures, serological and molecular tests. Treatment includes radical surgery, antimicrobial drugs, immunotherapy or a combination of these treatments. Immunotherapy is a practical and non-invasive alternative for treating pythiosis which is believed to promote a switch from a Th2 to Th1 immune response, resulting in a favorable clinical response. This therapy has demonstrated cure rates above 70% and 55% in horses and humans but low cure rates in dogs and cats. Despite the curative properties of this type of immunotherapy, the antibodies that are produced do not prevent host reinfection. Thus, development of effective adjuvants and new diagnostic techniques for early disease diagnosis are of utmost importance. The aim of this review was to promote pythiosis awareness and to provide an update about the immunotherapy and immunobiology of this disease.
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Baldissera MD, Oliveira CB, Zimmermann CEP, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Bolzan LP, Vaucher RDA, Santurio JM, Sagrillo MR, da Silva AS, Monteiro SG. In vitro trypanocidal activity of macela (Achyrocline satureioides) extracts against Trypanosoma evansi. Korean J Parasitol 2014; 52:311-5. [PMID: 25031474 PMCID: PMC4096645 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the trypanocidal effectiveness of aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts of Achyrocline satureioides against Trypanosoma evansi in vitro. A. satureioides extracts, known as macela, were used on trypomastigotes at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 µg/ml) and exposure times (0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 hr). A dose-dependent effect was observed when the 3 extracts were tested. The concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 µg/ml were not able to kill trypomastigotes until 3 hr after exposure, and the highest concentrations (500 and 1,000 µg/ml) were able to kill all trypomastigotes after 1 hr. When the time of exposure was increased up to 9 hr, the concentrations at 50 and 100 µg/ml were 100% effective to 3 extracts. The chemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, a trypanocidal compound already described. Based on the results, we can conclude that the A. satureioides extracts exhibit trypanocidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. ; Cell Culture Laboratory, Centro Universitário Franciscano (UNIFRA), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila B Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine E P Zimmermann
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline A Boligon
- Research Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Margareth Linde Athayde
- Research Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro P Bolzan
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de A Vaucher
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele R Sagrillo
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Centro Universitário Franciscano (UNIFRA), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia G Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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dos Santos CE, Ubiali DG, Pescador CA, Zanette RA, Santurio JM, Marques LC. Epidemiological Survey of Equine Pythiosis in the Brazilian Pantanal and Nearby Areas: Results of 76 Cases. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zanette RA, Santurio JM, Loreto ÉS, Alves SH, Kontoyiannis DP. Toll-deficient Drosophila is susceptible to Pythium insidiosum infection. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 57:732-5. [PMID: 23865688 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of animal models of pythiosis, a life-threatening disease of humans and animals, the immunopathogenesis of which is poorly understood. A pythiosis model was developed by injecting Toll (Tl)-deficient Drosophila melanogaster flies with Pythium insidiosum zoospores. The infected Tl mutant flies had significantly lower survival rates (73.7%) than did control flies. This study reveals the important role of Tl pathway activation in fly immune response to pythiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis A Zanette
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Zanette RA, Ferreiro L, Alves SH, Jesus FP, Lautert C, Spanamberg A, Santurio JM. Enzymatic variability among Brazilian Pythium insidiosum isolates. Rev Iberoam Micol 2013; 30:264-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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50
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Pereira DIB, Botton SA, Azevedo MI, Motta MAA, Lobo RR, Soares MP, Fonseca AOS, Jesus FPK, Alves SH, Santurio JM. Canine gastrointestinal pythiosis treatment by combined antifungal and immunotherapy and review of published studies. Mycopathologia 2013; 176:309-15. [PMID: 23918089 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-013-9683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pythium insidiosum is an oomycete, a fungal like microorganism, which infects mammals, causing pythiosis in animals and humans, especially in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The treatment for this infection is very difficult, and therapeutic options commonly comprise surgery, immunotherapy and antimicrobial drugs. The present report describes the clinical healing of a dog with gastrointestinal pythiosis by treatment with a combination of antifungals and immunotherapy, as well as reviews the cases reported in the literature that used some type of therapy for canine pythiosis. A 2.5-year-old male beagle initially showed sporadic vomiting episodes, and this symptom became more frequent 5 months after the onset of clinical signs. Celiotomy procedure found thickness of the stomach wall extending to the pylorus and duodenum. A biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis of pythiosis was made by mycological, histopathological analyses and molecular identification. Therapy was based on an association of terbinafine plus itraconazole during 12 months and immunotherapy for 2.5 months. The healing of the dog reported here allows us to propose the use of immunotherapy associated with antifungal therapy to treat canine gastrointestinal pythiosis. However, additional studies should be performed on a larger number of patients to establish a standard treatment protocol for canine pythiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela I B Pereira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Prédio 18, Sala 14, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil,
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