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Schlemmer KB, Jesus FPK, Tondolo JSM, Weiblen C, Azevedo MI, Machado VS, Botton SA, Alves SH, Santurio JM. In vitro activity of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and thymol combined with antifungals against Malassezia pachydermatis. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:375-377. [PMID: 31455580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Malassezia pachydermatis is an important opportunistic agent of dermatitis and otitis in dogs. M. pachydermatis is generally treated with topical therapies using combinations of antifungal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. We investigated the in vitro activities of carvacrol (CRV), cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and thymol (THY) alone and in combination with antifungal agents (fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, terbinafine and nystatin) against M. pachydermatis. The assays were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), using Sabouraud dextrose broth and checkerboard microdilution. The mean fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed primary synergies for the combinations carvacrol+nystatin, thymol+nystatin, and carvacrol+miconazole (80%). In conclusion, the results obtained indicate that the phytochemicals tested showed relevant in vitro anti-M. pachydermatis activity. Future in vivo experiments are needed to elucidate the safety and therapeutic potential of these combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Schlemmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - F P K Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C Weiblen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M I Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - V S Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - S A Botton
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - S H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Ludwig A, de Jesus FPK, Dutra V, Cândido SL, Alves SH, Santurio JM. Susceptibility profile of Candida rugosa (Diutina rugosa) against antifungals and compounds of essential oils. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:154-157. [PMID: 30956064 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Candida rugosa (recently reclassified Diutina rugosa) is an emerging pathogen affecting humans and animals. Candida resistance to existing drugs is an important factor to be monitored, as well as the need of researching alternatives to conventional antifungals. Here, we evaluated the in vitro effects of some antifungals and major components of essential oils by the broth microdilution method (CLSI M27-A3) against fifteen C. rugosa strains from animals isolated and molecular identificated. The results showed MIC90 of: 0.125μg/mL to ketoconazole and voriconazole, 0.25μg/mL to micafungin, 0.5μg/mL to anidulafungin, 1μg/mL to caspofungin, 2μg/mL to amphotericin B, itraconazole and flucytosin, 8μg/mL to fluconazole, 16μg/mL to nystatin and >128μg/mL to terbinafine. The compounds carvacrol (MIC90 320μg/mL), thimol (MIC90 320μg/mL) and cinnamaldehyde (MIC90 160μg/mL) demonstrated antifungal activity against the samples tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ludwig
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus UFSM, Prédio 20, Sala 4139, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - F P K de Jesus
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus UFSM, Prédio 20, Sala 4139, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - V Dutra
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, 97105-900 Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - S L Cândido
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, 97105-900 Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - S H Alves
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus UFSM, Prédio 20, Sala 4139, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Soares IH, Loreto ÉS, Rossato L, Mario DN, Venturini TP, Baldissera F, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In vitro activity of essential oils extracted from condiments against fluconazole-resistant and -sensitive Candida glabrata. J Mycol Med 2015; 25:213-7. [PMID: 26281965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the antifungal activity of essential oils obtained from Origanum vulgare (oregano), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Salvia officinalis (sage), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Ocimum basilicum (basil) and Zingiber officinale (ginger) were assessed against Candida glabrata isolates. One group contained 30 fluconazole-susceptible C. glabrata isolates, and the second group contained fluconazole-resistant isolates derived from the first group after the in vitro induction of fluconazole-resistance, for a total of 60 tested isolates. The broth microdilution methodology was used. Concentrations of 50μg/mL, 100μg/mL, 200μg/mL, 400μg/mL, 800μg/mL, 1600μg/mL and 3200μg/mL of the essential oils were used, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. Thyme, sage, rosemary, basil and ginger essential oils showed no antifungal activity at the tested concentrations. Antimicrobial activity less than or equal to 3200μg/mL was observed for oregano, Mexican oregano and cinnamon essential oils. Both the oregano and Mexican oregano essential oils showed high levels of antifungal activity against the fluconazole-susceptible C. glabrata group, whereas the cinnamon essential oil showed the best antifungal activity against the fluconazole-resistant C. glabrata isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Soares
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - É S Loreto
- Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - L Rossato
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - D N Mario
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Meridional Faculty, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - T P Venturini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - F Baldissera
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - S H Alves
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Constante CC, Monteiro AA, Alves SH, Carneiro LC, Machado MM, Severo LC, Park S, Perlin DS, Pasqualotto AC. Different risk factors for candidemia occur for Candida species belonging to the C. parapsilosis complex. Med Mycol 2014; 52:403-6. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myt034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Eckhardt JC, Santurio JM, Zanette RA, Rosa AP, Scher A, Dal Pozzo M, Alves SH, Ferreiro L. Efficacy of a Brazilian calcium montmorillonite against toxic effects of dietary aflatoxins on broilers reared to market weight. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:215-20. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.883065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Flores FC, de Lima JA, Ribeiro RF, Alves SH, Rolim CMB, Beck RCR, da Silva CB. Antifungal activity of nanocapsule suspensions containing tea tree oil on the growth of Trichophyton rubrum. Mycopathologia 2013; 175:281-6. [PMID: 23392821 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-013-9622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the antifungal efficacy of nanocapsules and nanoemulsions containing Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (tea tree oil) in an onychomycosis model. The antifungal activity of nanostructured formulations was evaluated against Trichophyton rubrum in two different in vitro models of dermatophyte nail infection. First, nail powder was infected with T. rubrum in a 96-well plate and then treated with the formulations. After 7 and 14 days, cell viability was verified. The plate counts for the samples were 2.37, 1.45 and 1.0 log CFU mL(-1) (emulsion, nanoemulsion containing tea tree oil and nanocapsules containing tea tree oil, respectively). A second model employed nails fragments which were infected with the microorganism and treated with the formulations. The diameter of fungal colony was measured. The areas obtained were 2.88 ± 2.08 mm(2), 14.59 ± 2.01 mm(2), 40.98 ± 2.76 mm(2) and 38.72 ± 1.22 mm(2) for the nanocapsules containing tea tree oil, nanoemulsion containing tea tree oil, emulsion and untreated nail, respectively. Nail infection models demonstrated the ability of the formulations to reduce T. rubrum growth, with the inclusion of oil in nanocapsules being most efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Flores
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Zanette RA, Alves SH, Pilotto MB, Weiblen C, Fighera RA, Wolkmer P, Flores MM, Santurio JM. Iron chelation therapy as a treatment for Pythium insidiosum in an animal model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:1144-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Azevedo MI, Botton SA, Pereira DIB, Robe LJ, Jesus FPK, Mahl CD, Costa MM, Alves SH, Santurio JM. Phylogenetic relationships of Brazilian isolates of Pythium insidiosum based on ITS rDNA and cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences. Vet Microbiol 2012; 159:141-8. [PMID: 22483240 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pythium insidiosum is an aquatic oomycete that is the causative agent of pythiosis. Advances in molecular methods have enabled increased accuracy in the diagnosis of pythiosis, and in studies of the phylogenetic relationships of this oomycete. To evaluate the phylogenetic relationships among isolates of P. insidiosum from different regions of Brazil, and also regarding to other American and Thai isolates, in this study a total of thirty isolates of P. insidiosum from different regions of Brazil was used and had their ITS1, 5.8S rRNA and ITS2 rDNA (ITS) region and the partial sequence of cytochrome oxidase II (COX II) gene sequenced and analyzed. The outgroup consisted of six isolates of other Pythium species and one of Lagenidium giganteum. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and COX II genes were conducted, both individually and in combination, using four different methods: Maximum parsimony (MP); Neighbor-joining (NJ); Maximum likelihood (ML); and Bayesian analysis (BA). Our data supported P. insidiosum as monophyletic in relation to the other Pythium species, and COX II showed that P. insidiosum appears to be subdivided into three major polytomous groups, whose arrangement provides the Thai isolates as paraphyletic in relation to the Brazilian ones. The molecular analyses performed in this study suggest an evolutionary proximity among all American isolates, including the Brazilian and the Central and North America isolates, which were grouped together in a single entirely polytomous clade. The COX II network results presented signals of a recent expansion for the American isolates, probably originated from an Asian invasion source. Here, COX II showed higher levels bias, although it was the source of higher levels of phylogenetic information when compared to ITS. Nevertheless, the two markers chosen for this study proved to be entirely congruent, at least with respect to phylogenetic relationships between different isolates of P. insidiosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Azevedo
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Spader TB, Venturini TP, Cavalheiro AS, Mahl CD, Mario DN, Lara VM, Santurio J, Alves SH. In vitro interactions between amphotericin B and other antifungal agents and rifampin against Fusarium spp. Mycoses 2011; 54:131-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Santurio JM, Argenta JS, Schwendler SE, Cavalheiro AS, Pereira DIB, Zanette RA, Alves SH, Dutra V, Silva MC, Arruda LP, Nakazato L, Colodel EM. Granulomatous rhinitis associated with Pythium insidiosum
infection in sheep. Vet Rec 2008; 163:276-7. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.9.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Santurio
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Sala 4139, Prédio 20, Avenida Roraima, 1000 Camobi Santa Maria RS 97105-900 Brazil
| | - J. S. Argenta
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Sala 4139, Prédio 20, Avenida Roraima, 1000 Camobi Santa Maria RS 97105-900 Brazil
| | - S. E. Schwendler
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Sala 4139, Prédio 20, Avenida Roraima, 1000 Camobi Santa Maria RS 97105-900 Brazil
| | - A. S. Cavalheiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Sala 4139, Prédio 20, Avenida Roraima, 1000 Camobi Santa Maria RS 97105-900 Brazil
| | - D. I. B. Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Sala 4139, Prédio 20, Avenida Roraima, 1000 Camobi Santa Maria RS 97105-900 Brazil
| | - R. A. Zanette
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Sala 4139, Prédio 20, Avenida Roraima, 1000 Camobi Santa Maria RS 97105-900 Brazil
| | - S. H. Alves
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Sala 4139, Prédio 20, Avenida Roraima, 1000 Camobi Santa Maria RS 97105-900 Brazil
| | - V. Dutra
- Departmento de Clínica Médica Veterinária; Faculdade de Agronormia e Medicina Veterinária; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Av Fernando Corrêa da Costa s/n, Coxipó Cuiabá MT 78068-900 Brazil
| | - M. C. Silva
- Departmento de Clínica Médica Veterinária; Faculdade de Agronormia e Medicina Veterinária; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Av Fernando Corrêa da Costa s/n, Coxipó Cuiabá MT 78068-900 Brazil
| | - L. P. Arruda
- Departmento de Clínica Médica Veterinária; Faculdade de Agronormia e Medicina Veterinária; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Av Fernando Corrêa da Costa s/n, Coxipó Cuiabá MT 78068-900 Brazil
| | - L. Nakazato
- Departmento de Clínica Médica Veterinária; Faculdade de Agronormia e Medicina Veterinária; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Av Fernando Corrêa da Costa s/n, Coxipó Cuiabá MT 78068-900 Brazil
| | - E. M. Colodel
- Departmento de Clínica Médica Veterinária; Faculdade de Agronormia e Medicina Veterinária; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Av Fernando Corrêa da Costa s/n, Coxipó Cuiabá MT 78068-900 Brazil
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Schubert A, Pereira DF, Zanin FF, Alves SH, Beck RCR, Athayde ML. Comparison of antioxidant activities and total polyphenolic and methylxanthine contents between the unripe fruit and leaves of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. Pharmazie 2007; 62:876-880. [PMID: 18065107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ilex paraguariensis is used in Brazil as a stimulating beverage called "mate". Leaves and immature fruit extracts of Ilex paraguariensis were evaluated for their radical scavenging capacity, total methylxanthine and polyphenol contents. Antimicrobial activity of two enriched saponin fractions obtained from the fruits were also evaluated. The radical scavenging activity of the fractioned extracts was determined spectrophotometrically using 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH). The IC50o of L-ascorbic acid, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions from the leaves and ethyl acetate fraction from the fruits were 6.48 microg/mL, 13.26 microg/mL, 27.22 microg/mL, and 285.78 microg/mL, respectively. Total methylxanthine content was 1.16 +/- 0.06 mg/g dry weight in the fruits and 8.78 +/- 0.01 mg/g in the leaves. Total polyphenol content varied from 86.82 +/- 3 x 10(-4) to 199.91 +/- 3 x 10(-3) mg/g in leaf fractions and from 54.25 +/- 1 x 10(-3) to 110.36 +/- 4 x 10(-4) mg/g in fruit fractions. Enriched saponin fractions from the fruits showed no antimicrobial activity. To our knowledge, this are the first data available on the antioxidant/antimicrobial activities and polyphenol/methylxanthine contents of Ilex paraguariensis fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schubert
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Alves SH, Da Matta DA, Azevedo AC, Loreto ES, Boff E, Santurio JM, Guarro J. In vitro activities of new and conventional antimycotics against fluconazole-susceptible and non-susceptible Brazilian Candida spp. isolates. Mycoses 2006; 49:220-5. [PMID: 16681814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The substantial increase in the rate of azole resistant Candida spp. yeast infections has become a serious treatment problem requiring new and more active antifungal agents. In this study, the in vitro activities of ravuconazole and albaconazole were compared with those of amphotericin B, flucytosine, itraconazole and fluconazole against 162 Brazilian isolates of Candida spp. from which 48 isolates had previously shown lower susceptibility or resistance to fluconazole. Ravuconazole susceptibility ranged from 84.6% (Candida albicans) to 100% for other species and albaconazole MIC(90) was < or =1.0 microg ml(-1) for all the species emphasising the potent activity of these triazoles. To our knowledge this is the first study evaluating the susceptibility of C. dubliniensis to albaconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Alves
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
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Alves SH, Pinheiro G, Motta V, Landeira-Fernandez J, Cruz APM. Anxiogenic effects in the rat elevated plus-maze of 5-HT(2C) agonists into ventral but not dorsal hippocampus. Behav Pharmacol 2004; 15:37-43. [PMID: 15075625 DOI: 10.1097/00008877-200402000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the non-selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist trifluoromethyl-phenylpiperazine (TFMPP, 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 microg) and the preferential 5-HT2C agonist 6-chloro-2(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine (MK-212, 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 microg) microinjected into the ventral or dorsal hippocampus was investigated in anxiety measures of rats exposed to the elevated plus-maze test. Ventral hippocampal (VH) microinjections of the 0.75 or 1.5 microg doses of TFMPP reduced open-arm exploration without affecting the number of closed-arm entries, indicating a selective anxiogenic profile. The highest dose (3.0 microg) reduced open- and closed-arm entries, suggesting interference in locomotor activity. The 0.1 microg dose of MK-212 also caused a selective anxiogenic effect when microinjected into the ventral hippocampus, without disturbing locomotor activity. Microinjections of the two higher doses of MK-212 (0.3 or 1.0 microg) into the ventral hippocampus led to a decrease of exploration in both arms of the maze. In contrast to the anxiogenic effect observed in the VH, neither TFMPP nor MK-212 significantly changed anxiety measures when microinjected into the dorsal hippocampus. These results suggest that activation of 5-HT2C postsynaptic receptors located in the ventral, but not in the dorsal, hippocampus play an important role in anxiety triggered by the elevated plus-maze test.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Alves
- Departamento de Processos Psicológicos Básicos, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Santurio JM, Leal AT, Leal ABM, Festugatto R, Lubeck I, Sallis ESV, Copetti MV, Alves SH, Ferreiro L. Three types of immunotherapics against pythiosis insidiosi developed and evaluated. Vaccine 2003; 21:2535-40. [PMID: 12744888 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pythiosis is a granulomatous disease of horses, cattle, dogs, cats and humans identified in tropical and subtropical areas and caused by Pythium insidiosum, a zoosporic fungus. Experimental models of pythiosis in naturally infected species have not yet been reported but, rabbits may be inoculated with zoospores as an experimental model for studying the disease. The present study evaluates the efficacy of three different of immunotherapics in the rabbit model. Approximately 17500 zoospores of oomycete P. insidiosum (CBS 101555 strain) were inoculated in each animal to generate the disease. Immunotherapics were produced from vortexed or sonicated cultures of the same strain. Four groups of five animals were employed: group 1, placebo; group 2, sonicated immunotherapic; group 3, mixed immunotherapic; and group 4, vortexed immunotherapic. All rabbits were inoculated with viable zoospores one month before administration of the immunotherapics. Eight doses of immunotherapic or placebo were used in each animal with a 14 day interval between injections. Rabbits receiving the vortexed immunotherapic were most effectively protected (P<0.05), showing a decrease in the area of coastal nodules due to Pythiosis insidiosum by 71.8% after 26 weeks of evaluation. Moreover, two animals in this group showed complete remission of the infection at the end of the 26 weeks. In contrast to these findings, rabbits given the sonicated immunotherapic did not show any protection and had an increase of 211.8% in the size of lesions. This failure of sonicated immunotherapic may reflect denaturation of protective antigens due to the sonication method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Santurio
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria RS, Brazil.
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Copetti MV, Santurio JM, Boeck AAP, Silva RB, Bergermaier LA, Lubeck I, Leal ABM, Leal AT, Alves SH, Ferreiro L. Agalactia in mares fed with grain contaminated with Claviceps purpurea. Mycopathologia 2003; 154:199-200. [PMID: 12206321 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016379302055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article reports an outbreak of intoxication of female horses with Claviceps purpurea in southern Brazil. The outbreak affected twelve pregnant mares which were fed with black oat (Avena strigosa) during the pre-delivery period. Underdevelopment of the mammary gland in the pre-delivery period resulting in post-delivery agalactia was the most pronounced finding. These mares delivered weak and unviable foals, which showed no suckling reflex and died within a few hours of birth. Laboratory analysis of oat samples fed to the animals resulted in the identification of Claviceps purpurea sclerotia. The fungus was identified in 0.22% of the examined seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Copetti
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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16
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Alves SH, Oliveira LT, Costa JM, Lubeck I, Casali AK, Vainstein MH. In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolated in Southern of Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2001; 43:267-70. [PMID: 11696849 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652001000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the susceptibility to four antifungal agents of 69 Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from AIDS patients with that of 13 C. neoformans strains isolated from the environment. Based on the NCCLS M27-A methodology the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) obtained for amphotericin B, itraconazole and ketoconazole were very similar for clinical and environmental isolates. Clinical isolates were less susceptible to fluconazole than environmental isolates. The significance of these findings and aspects concerning the importance, role and difficulties of C. neoformans susceptibility testing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Alves
- Departamento Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
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17
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Alves SH, Milan EP, Branchini ML, Nishimura K, Fukushima K, Oliveira LO, Costa JM, Colombo AL. First isolation of Candida dubliniensis in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 39:165-8. [PMID: 11337183 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(01)00220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida dubliniensis is a newly recognized species closely phylogenetically related to Candida albicans and is commonly associated with oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. In this paper we report the isolation of three strains of C. dubliniensis, from AIDS patients, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). The phenotypic identification was based on germ tube emission, abundant production of chlamydospores, assimilation of sucrose but not of xylose and the inability to grow at 42 degrees C. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and genomic DNA sequencing confirmed the distinct genetic nature C. dubliniensis. Topics related to the epidemiology, isolation, phenotypical and genotypical identification of C. dubliniensis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Alves
- Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, (RS), Santa Maria, Brazil
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18
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Lopes JO, Alves SH, Mari CR, Brum LM, Westphalen JB, Altermann MJ, Prates FB. [Epidemiology of sporotrichosis in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1999; 32:541-5. [PMID: 10881089 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821999000500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-one cases of sporotrichosis diagnosed in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul from 1988 to 1997 were studied. Clinical data were compared with a study concerning three past decades, clearly showing a decrease in the incidence of the mycosis, and an alteration in the profile of the infection, with a decrease of sporotrichosis in rural patients, children, women and farmers. In the past decade the mycosis was most frequent among urban adults with different professions, with the onset of the disease being associated with rural leisure activities such as fishing and hunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, RS.
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19
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Abstract
The isolation of Prothoteca zopfii, an algae lacking chlorophyll, from bovine mastitic milk, is described herein. The isolation was performed on 8% sheep blood agar, following incubation at 37 circC for 48 h. Based on biochemical tests, susceptibility to clotrimazole, and light and electron microscopic observation of cellular morphology the algae was identified as P. zopfii. The affected animal did not improve following treatment and had to be eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C de Vargas
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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20
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Lopes JO, Alves SH, Mari CR, Oliveira LT, Brum LM, Westphalen JB, Furian FW, Altermann MJ. A ten-year survey of Tinea pedis in the central region of the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1999; 41:75-7. [PMID: 10413953 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651999000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinea pedis in the most common type of dermatophytosis, but can mimic many cutaneous diseases and tend to be chronic. We present a study of the frequency, epidemiology and clinical aspects of tinea pedis in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul during the period 1988-1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas-LAPEMI, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
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21
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Brown BA, Lopes JO, Wilson RW, Costa JM, de Vargas AC, Alves SH, Klock C, Onyi GO, Wallace RJ. Disseminated Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis infection in a patient with AIDS in Brazil. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28:144-5. [PMID: 10028089 DOI: 10.1086/517180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B A Brown
- University of Texas Health Center, Department of Microbiology, Tyler 75708, USA.
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22
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Lopes JO, Alves SH, Klock C, Oliveira LT, Dal Forno NR. Trichosporon inkin peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with bibliography review. Mycopathologia 1998; 139:15-8. [PMID: 9511232 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006870017725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a further case of peritonitis due to Trichosporon inkin in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Peritonitis caused by Trichosporon species is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- University Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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23
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Alves SH, Lopes JO, Costa JM, Klock C. Development of secondary resistance to fluconazole in Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from a patient with AIDS. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1997; 39:359-61. [PMID: 9674289 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651997000600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is the fifth most common opportunistic agent of infection in patients with AIDS in the USA, exceeded only by Candida species, Pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus and Mycobacterium avium1, 2, 6, 10, 11. In Brazil is the sixth, exceeded by Candida species, P. carinii, Mycobacterium species, Toxoplasma gondii, and herpes simplex virus (AIDS, Boletim Epidemiológico, set/nov 96, Ministério da Saúde, Brasil). During 30 years, the treatment of C. neoformans meningitis was based on the use of amphotericin B with or without flucytosine13. Nowadays, with the immunodepression caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the availability of new antifungal drugs as the triazoles, the concept related to cure and relapses of cryptococcosis has been altered7, 20. Patients are treated with amphotericin B with or without flucytosine as initial therapy, but maintenance therapy is always necessary in AIDS patients with C. neoformans infections
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Alves
- Serviço de Micologia, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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24
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Lopes JO, Costa JM, Streher LA, Clock C, Pinto MS, Alves SH. [Cryptococcosis not related to AIDS in Rio Grande do Sul: a report of 8 cases and a review of the literature]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1997; 30:369-72. [PMID: 9380896 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821997000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report eight cases of cryptococcosis in non-AIDS patients diagnosed in Santa Maria, RS, during 1961-1995. A review of the literature is performed and the prevalence of the infection caused by var neoformans in patients without underlying disease in subtropical regions is commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS
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25
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Lopes JO, Alves SH, Rosa AC, Silva CB, Sarturi JC, Souza CA. Acremonium kiliense peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: report of two cases. Mycopathologia 1995; 131:83-5. [PMID: 8532059 DOI: 10.1007/bf01102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two cases of peritonitis caused by Acremonium kiliense in patients receiving a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment are reported. Diagnosis was established by direct examination and cultures of dialysis effluent, secretion of catheter-exit-site and from the tip of the catheter. Management of fungal peritonitis includes catheter removal, since in this infection the result of systemic antifungal therapy is inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- University Hospital, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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26
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Lopes JO, Pereira DV, Streher LA, Fenalte AA, Alves SH, Benevenga JP. Cutaneous zygomycosis caused by Absidia corymbifera in a leukemic patient. Mycopathologia 1995; 130:89-92. [PMID: 7566062 DOI: 10.1007/bf01103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A case of cutaneous zygomycosis caused by Absidia corymbifera in a leukemic patient submitted to chemotherapy is reported. The lesion was located on the little finger of the right hand and probably resulted from a latent osteomyelitis. It progressed to form extensive necrotic area. No systemic infection was detected and the lesion did not appear to be associated with any trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- University Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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27
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Abstract
This paper reports a case of cutaneous infection of nontraumatic origin caused by Nocardia asteroides in a hospitalized patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Diagnosis was established by direct and histological examination, cultures from exudate and biopsy specimen. We discuss the classification of clinical forms of Nocardia infections affecting the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- Serviço de Micologia, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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28
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Abstract
A case of peritonitis due to Curvularia lunata during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is reported. Diagnosis was established by culture of dialysis effluent and peritoneal exudate, and was also confirmed through histological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- University Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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29
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Abstract
This paper reports the first case of human infection caused by Ttrichophyton vanbreuseghemii in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- Serviço de Micologia, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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30
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Lopes JO, Alves SH, Benevenga JP, Rosa AC. The second case of peritonitis due to Histoplasma capsulatum during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in Brazil. Mycoses 1994; 37:161-3. [PMID: 7898511 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1994.tb00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a case of infection due to Histoplasma capsulatum apparently restricted to the peritoneum in a woman submitted to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Diagnosis was established by direct examination and culture of dialysis effluent. Although the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost in Brazil, is not considered a region of high endemicity for histoplasmosis, this is the second case of infection occurring in a patient during CAPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- University Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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32
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Lopes JO, Alves SH, Benevenga JP, Rosa AC, Gomez VC. Trichosporon beigelii peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1994; 36:121-3. [PMID: 7997786 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651994000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a case of peritonitis caused by Trichosporon beigelii in a woman submitted to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Diagnosis was established by direct examination and culture of dialysis effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- Serviço de Micologia, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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33
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Abstract
The relative frequency of the dermatophytes in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, have changed during a survey carried out from 1988-1992. The frequency of the antropophilic species T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and E. floccosum have decreased in comparison with the zoophilic species M. canis and T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes. The relationship host/parasite and the low rate growth of dermatophytes in culture are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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34
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Abstract
This paper reports a case of a single subcutaneous nodule caused by Pseudallescheria boydii in a renal transplant recipient, possibly of nontraumatic origin. The patient was treated surgically and with itraconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- University Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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35
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Lopes JO, Alves SH, Benevenga JP, Salla A, Tatsch I. Nocardia asteroides peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1993; 35:377-9. [PMID: 8115800 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651993000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a case of peritonitis by Nocardia asteroides during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in a man who had systemic lupus erythematous and chronic renal failure. Diagnosis was established by microscopic examination (Gram and Kinyoun) and culture of centrifuged dialysis fluid and the patient was treated with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole by intraperitoneal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- Serviço de Micologia, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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36
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Lopes JO, Alves SH, Benevenga JP, Regio OR, Calil A. Histoplasma capsulatum peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Mycopathologia 1993; 122:101-2. [PMID: 8326997 DOI: 10.1007/bf01103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a case of infection by Histoplasma capsulatum apparently restricted to the peritoneum in a woman submitted to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Diagnosis was established by culture of dialysis fluid and peritoneal nodule and by histopathologic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lopes
- University Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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37
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Alves SH, Cury AE. [A comparative study between broth dilution and agar dilution technics in antibiograms for Candida]. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1992; 34:259-62. [PMID: 1342081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of broth dilution method and agar dilution method were compared by MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) and MFC (minimal fungicidal concentration) from Candida strains to polyene and imizadole antifungal agents. The concordance between these methods was drug dependent. The best percent of concordance were showed when the polyenes were tested. The problems of sensitivity test for yeasts to antifungal drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Alves
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil
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38
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Alves SH, Cury AE. [The sensitivity of yeasts from the Candida genus isolated from cancer patients to polyene antifungals]. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1992; 34:251-4. [PMID: 1342079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida strains susceptibility from cancer patients were compared with Candida strains susceptibility from patients, without cancer by MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) and MFC (minimal fungicidal concentration) to Amphotericin B and Nystatin. Broth dilution method and agar dilution method were the procedure employed. The authors find no significant differences between the studied groups. The problem of Candida resistance to polyene antifungals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Alves
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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